Xây dựng tiêu chí và phương pháp đánh giá chất lượng cuộc sống cộng đồng dân cư ở các khu tái định cư thủy điện

161 Dja iJ Vift Nam Dai hpc Thai Nguygn XAY D I T N G TIEU CHI VA P H U O N G PHAP ©ANH GIA C H A T L U ^ O N G C U Q C SONG CONG BONG DAN CU" CAC KHU TAI BINH ClT THUY DIEN Le Thi Nguyfn' Abstract CoBstrucdon criteria and assessment method quality oflife community in hydropower resettlement areas The appearance of hydropower projects in Vietnam has made a large number of residents of the lak area to relocate to a new place, called resettlement According to the guidelines and policies of the Party and the State was represented by the resolutions, decrees, decisions have confirmed that will ensure the people's life in resettlement areas better or at least equal to where in the former But Ihe reality ofpeople' lives are at stake here Therefore to know the real life situation of the people here how so have to assess However, most assessments are only description or crude assessment, qualitative assessment should n really convinced with the agencies concerned With criteria of the authors build and with assessment method will be given reliable toolfor assessin the quality of life in hydropower resettlement areas or any resettlement areas These criteria are the basis fo offering practical solutions in order to stabilize the lives of people in resettlement areas and more importantly need resettlement choices more carejully and also to promote monitoring the constructio process of resettlement areas closer to people's lives really mean as the guidelines and policies of the Part and State have issued I.DATVANDE Viet Nam la dat nude ed nhigu Ipi the dg phit trien he thdng thiiy dign De cd m^t bing xay dyng cac cdng trinh phyc vy cho nha may thiiy dign, nhigu cfng ddng dSn cu d cic khu vyc xiy dyng niy phai di ddi den djnh cu d nhiing viing dat mdi, dupc gpi la khu tai djnh cu (TDC) De dam bao cupc sdng va quyin lpi cua ngudi dan bj di ddi, Nha nude da cd nhiing chinh sich quy dinh vl tiiu hdi dit dai, quy djnh cac vin dl kinh tl - x i hpi d khu TDC nhu Nghj djnh 90/1994/ND- CP, Nghj djnh 22/1998/ND-CP, Nghj djnh sd 197/2004/ND-CP, d^c bift la Nghj quyit sd 26 Hpi nghj Ban chip hinh TW Ding lin thir VII, khda DC va mOt sd nghj djnh bd sung nhu Nghj djnh 84/2007/ND-CP, Nghj djnh 69/2009/ND-CP v i gin day Ii quyit dinh sd 34/QDTTg cua Thu tudng , tit ca cic vin ban diu gin liln nhiing "Quy djnh vl vifc bdi thudng, hd tip cho din TDC ttong cic dy an thiiy Ipi, thiiy difn" Trong cic quy djnh dd, khing djnh chung eiia nhung vin ban niy li "phii dim bio cuOc sdng ciia ngudi din sau TDC phai tdt hon hoac bing noi d cu" Cung khdng till phii nhin mpt sd khu TDC d i diu tii nhilu ITnh vye lim cho cuOc sdng ciia ngudi dan cd ca hOi tdt ban so vdi noi d cu nhu ca sd hg ting hoan chinh, nhi ciia kha khangtirang,dilu kign dl tiip c$n vdi cic djch vy giai tri thugn loi ban Tuy nhign, nhfing mat thugn Ipi niy chi Ii nhung dilu kign cin ban diu chur chua dii dl dam bio cupc sdng ciia ngudi din dupc dn djnh Dl ed coLsd ttqngjifc kh&ig djnh chit Iupng cupc sdng (CLCS) ciia ngudi dan d cic khu TDC tiiuy dign ed dung nhu cic chinh sich da ban hinh hay khdng, tic gii da xiy dyng bf chi tigu cimg vdi phucmg phip dinh gii tdng hpp he tiidng cic chi lieu sap cho phii hpp vdi cuOc sdng fliyc tgi cua cpng ddng dan eu d cac khu TBC Vdi phuang phap dinh gia niy se cho mOt birc ttanh tdng hpp de ed the kit l u ^ "euOc sdng ciia ngudi dSn d cic khu TDC se tdt han hay bing nai d cu" nhu cae Nghj quyit, Quyit djnh cua Chinh phu da ban hanh ^ T o a Dja ly - Dja ehit, Dgi hpc Khoa hoc - Dai hoc Hui ^ ^ ^ Kyyiu Hpi nghi Khoa hgc Bia lp loan qudc ldn thd HQi Bja ly Vift Nam Sai hpc Thai Nguyen NOI DUNG NGHIEN CUU 2.1 Xac dinh ddi tuwng va chon miu danh gii Doi tuang ddnh gid Ddi tupng dupc chpn lim co sd de dinh gii la "hO gia dinh" vi vifc dinh gia se dua tten cac tigu chi phan anh CLCS cua ngudi dan phii hpp vdi dgc thii cua mdi khu TDC Ket qua danh gia se dya vao qui trinh danh gii timg tieu chi (hay nhdm chi tieu) phan anh CLCS khu TDC so vdi noi d cu theo mii-c: - Cufc sdng d khu TDC tdt ban so vdi nai d eu (T); - Binh thudng, khdng cd gi thay doi (B); - CuOc sdng kem hon so vdi nai d cu (K) 2.2 Chon mau dinh gii Vdi quy md m§i khu TDC thiiy dign thudng tucmg duang vdi cip "thdn" nen chiing tdi se chpn sd miu dl danh gia cua mdi khu TDC li tten 50% tdng sd hd cu tni Sd mSu niy phu hpp vdi quy md lanh thd nghien ciiu theo nhu phucmg phip thdng kg d§ quy dinh 2.2.1 Lua chgn va xay dtpig bp tiSu chi ddnh gid Khii niem chat luvng cu^c song "Chit lupng cuOc sdng la dilu kign sdng dupc cung cip diy dii vl nhi d, giia due, djch vu y tl, luong thyc, vigc Iam, vui choi giai tii , nhim thda man cae nhu ciu co bin ciia ngudi Dilu kifn sdng niy sg giup eho ngudi dl dang dat dupc sy hanh phuc, an toin gia dinh, khde mgnh vg thi chit v i tinh thin" Tuy nhign, CLCS cd tinh chit Ijeh sii, nghTa la CLCS d giai doan niy se khdng phu hpp chp giai dpgn sau, d lanh thd niy se khdng thich hpp cho ISnh thd Va dl danh gii chung vl CLCS d mOt iSnh thd cd thi dya vio cic tigu ehi nhu sau: Miic thu nhip binh quSn diu ngudi Ti If bigt chii/ mu chfi So nim di hpc tnmg binh ciia mdi ngudi Sd calori cung cip cho mdi ngudi/ Tuoi thp trung binh Tinh tigng nha d Cung cip djch vy dign/ nude Chi sd HDI hoac HPI Tuy nhien, mdi khu TDC sS cd nhiing dgc diem rieng va tigu chi dupc dua phai phii hpp vdi cuOe sdng thyc tai, gin liln vdi cic nhu ciu cSp bieh cua ngudi din Ddi vdi cic Miu TDC thiiy difn, phin Idn ngudi dSn xuat phat tii cac viing ddi niii, viing sau, vimg xa, cudc sdng ciia hp gan b6 vdi riing niii, gan bd vdi dat dai, sin phim tieu dung ciia hp ca ban Ii ty cung, ty cSp Chinh vi vty, "dit Ii tu lieu sin xuit quan tipng v i cin thiet b^c nhit ddi vdi ngudi dan noi dSy" ngn dSt la yiu td cin phii duac dk c ^ diu tien Vdi dgc dilm niy thi niu dya via cic chi tigu tren dl danh gii CLCS ciia ngudi din se khdng phan anh mdt each diy du, ttpn ven vl cudc sdng thyc tgi cua hp Ngoii ra, xSy dyng chi tieu danh gii CLCS ddi vdi cOng ddng cu dan d cac khu TDC cdn cin phii dya theo cic van bin tii cie Nghj djnh, Nghj quyit, Quyet dinh eia Chinh phu, cua Thu Judng de vigc danh gii phu hop vdi thuc te hon Thiit itl cic nhdm tigu chi danh gii CLCS it khu TDC thuy difn Casd thiit ki - Dya theo cic Nghj quyit, Nghj djnh, Quyit djnh ciia CUnh phu vi Thu tudng ban hanh doi vdi cac khu TDC ndi chung va khu TDC thuy difn, thiiy Ipi ndi rieng (nhu da neu tign) Vi thg cie chi tieu dupc sii dyng dl dinh gia sg thi hifn sy so sanh gifta noi d mdi so vdi noi d cu Kp yiu Hdi nghi Khoa hgc Dia lp todn qudc ldn thd Hoi Bia ly Viet Nam Bai hpc Thai Nguygn - Do CLCS cd tinh chat Iich sii, nghTa li biin dpng theo thdi gian va khdng gian, vi tiig vifc xay dung chi tigu danh gia phai'dua vao dgc dilm Ididng, gian cu ttii, dgc digm hogt ddng kinh te xa hOi cua mdi cOng ddng cu dan d khu TDC ^ ^ - Chi tigu dinh gia CLCS phii phan anh dupc cuOc sdng vat chat Ian cuOc SPng tinh tiian He thing cdc nhdm chi tieu I Nhdm chi tieu phdn dnh sinh ki: Cu dan d cac khu TDC thuy difn thudng ^in bd chat chg vdi boat ddng ndng nghiep va Iam nghiep, vi thi dit dai canh tic ddi vdi hp la yeu to biic tiiidt nhat Cac chi tieu phan anh smh kl d khu TDC bao gdm: - Quy md dign tich dit canh tic - Chit Iupng dit canh tic - Vin dl tim kiim vigc lim - Miic thu nhip binh quan dau ngudi - Tmh dn djnh vl sinh kg Nhdm chi lieu phdn dnh dgc diim vdn hda - xa hpi (the hien cudc song tinh thdn) ' v i n dl td chiic cac le hdi truyin thdng - Miic dd thugn lpi cua vice td chiic ll hOi - Mue dO tiip can cic dich vu vui choi, giii tii - Niim tin vio cuOc sdng tiong tuang lai Nhdm chi tieu phdn dnh dieu kipn hgc tap ddi v&i hgc sinh - Muc dO thugn Ipi vl viec di lgi tii' nha din trudng - Chit luong trudng, ldp hpc - Khi ning ciia gia dinh chi tti cic chi phi hpc tap chp Nhdm ehi tieu phdn dnh dieu kipn cham sde sue khde vd tinh hinh sue khoe cua ngucri ddn - Miic dp thuin Ipi ve vifc di Igi tii nha din noi kham, chfia bgnh - Miic dO diu tu trang thiit bj v i thudc men tgi trgm xi - Khi nang ciia gia dinh chi tta cic chi phi cho vifc kham, chfia bfnh - Tinh hinh siic khde ciia ngudi dan d khu TDC Nhdm chi tieu phdn dnh tien nghi sinh hogi gia dinh - Mure dp hii Idng ve ngudn nude sinh hogt - Miie dO hii Idng vl nha d (chit Iupng, kiln true ) - Khi ning cua gia dinh chi tii cic chi phi cho vifc sii dyng difn, nude Phmmg phip danh gii Vifc dinh gia CLCS cua cOng ddng dSn cu d cic khu TDC thuy difn ca bin dya vao kgt qui danh gii cac nhdm chi tieu (d diy dy kiln chpn nhdm) vi kit qui dinh gia mdi nhdm ehi tigu Igi dya vao kit qui dinh gii ciia tiing ehi tieu Vigc danh gia chp timg chi tieu, nhdm chi tidu v i dinh gia tdng hop ca bin dupc dinh gii theo bii toan tinh dtim tdng hay dilm trung binh cOng Quy ttinh dMh^gii - Budc thii nhit: Dinh gia cho tung chi tieu tiong mdi nhdm chi tieu - Budc thir hai: Dinh gii cho timg nhdm chi tigu - Bude thii ba: Danh gia tdng hpp cic nhdm chi tigu (5 nhdm) Phin cap chi tigu dinh gia Vigc dinh gia CLCS d cic khu TDC thiiy difn chu yiu dya vio kit qua so sinh cic chi tieu (hay nhdm chi tigu) giua nai d mdi vi nai d cii cua tiing hO gia dinh Vi thi mdi chi tigu (nhdm chi tieu)dinh gia s5 dupc phan tiianh cip v i dilm dinh gii cho moi cip nhu sau: _ W^M Kp yiu Hpi nghi Khoa hgc Bfa ly todn qudc ldn thu HQi Bja ly Viet Nam Bai hgc Thai Nguyen - Tdt ban (hay thuan Ipi ban) so vdi noi djnh cu cii, dupc ky hifu t (ddi vdi timg chi tieu) hay T (ddi vdi nhdm chi tieu) va dilm sd duac dinh gia li dilm - Binh thudng, khdng thay ddi so vdi nai d eu, dupc ky higu la b (ddi vdi tirag chi tigu) hay B (ddi vdi nhdm chi tigu) vi dilm dinh gia la diem - Kem ban (hay kho khan han) so vdi nai d cu, dupc ky higu la k (ddi vdi tiing chi tieu) hay K (ddi vdi nhdm chi tigu) vi diem danh gia Ii digm Chi tigu dinh gii dupc ky higu la Ci-m: i la sd thii ty ciia nhdm chi tieu; m la sd thii ty ciia chi tigu ttpng mdi nhdm chi tieu, m = 1,2,3 Tuy nhien, tiiy theo tim quan ttpng cua mdi chi tigu Ci-m dl cd thi tinh he sd tir 2, 3, hay cho chi tieu Bdng He thdng phdn cdp cdc chi tieu ddnh gid STT Nhdm chi tigu dinh gii Cac chi tieu danh gia cui the Quy m6 dien tich dat canh tie Chat Iupng dat canh tac ! Nhom chi tigu phan anh sinh k l Van de tim kiem vifc lim Miic thu nhap binh quan diu ngudi Tinh on djnh ve sinh ke Quy mo to chiic cac le hoi tmyen thong Nhom chi tigu phan i n h dgc diem v i n hoa - x3 hOi (thi hien cuOc sdng tinh thin) Miic dO thuan lpi ttong vifc td churc Ii hpi c$n c i c dich vu vui chai, giai tti (quin c i p h e , internet, karaoke ) Niim tin v i o cudc sdng ttong ttrong lai Nhdm chi Miic thugn Ipi ve viec di Igi Kpyiu Hpi nghi Khoa hgc Bia lp todn qudc ldn thu Phin cip chi tiSu (co ban 1^ so sanh g i ^ noi is moi vi noi d cii) Diem dinh gia Nhieu han so vdi noi d cu Bang nai d cu It han nai d cii Tot hon so vdi nen d cu Nhu nai d cu Kem hon ncd d cu Phong phu hon so vdi nai b cu Nhu nai d cii It cong vifc hou noi d cu De kiem vifc hon so vdi noi b cu Binh thudng, nhu noi d cu Kho kiim viec hon Nhieu hon so vdi noi d cii Bing noi d cu it hon so vdi nai d cii C6 quy md hon (ram ro hon) so voi noi is cu Binh thuong Quy md kgm hon R i t thuin lpi Binh thudng Khong thu$n Ipi, khd k h ^ hon Rat thugn Igi Binh thudng Khong thugn Igi Rit c6 niim tin Binh thudng Khong cd niem tin ThuSn lpi ban Bgi hoc T h ii Nguygn Hoi Dia ly V i e t N a m STT Nhom chi tieu dinh gii tieu phan anh dieu kien hoc tap doi voi hoc sinh Phin cip chi tiSu (cor bin la so sinh giva noi moi va noi 6' cu) Cac chi ti6u danh gii cu th^ Uj nha den trucmg Binh thudng Chit lugng tmang, ldp hoc Kha nang ciia gia dinh chi tra cac chi phi hpc tSp cho Nhom chi tieu pb4n anhdiSu kien ch^m soc siic kh6e cho ngudi dSn I Miic dg thuan loi ve viec di lai tu nha din noi kham, chila benh Miic dp dau tu ttang thiet bi va thudc men tai tram xa Kha nang chi tra cac chi phi cho vifc kham, chiia bfnh Miic hai long v l nguon nude sinh hoat Nhom chi tigu phan inh tien nghi sinh hoat gia dinh Mire dd hii 16ng v l n h i d (chit lupng, kiln t n i c ) Kha nang chi tti cic chi phi cho viec su dung difn, nude Diem dinh gii Kem thuan lgi ban Tot hon Nhu nai cu Kgm hon Cd dii kha n&ag Tuong ddi co kha nang Hoan toan khong c6 k h i nang Rit thugn Igi Binh thudng Kgm thugn thuan lgi Tdt hon nai cu Binh thucmg Kem hon C6 du kha n^ng Hai CO k h i ning Kh6ng CO k h i nang Rit hai long (Dam bio sd lugng va chit lupng) Binh thudng Khong hai I6ng Rit hii long Binh thudng Khong hai I6ng Cd dii kha ning Hoi CO nang Kh6ng cd k h i nang Phutmg phap danh gia Bdnh gid tung chi tiSu moi nhdm chi tieu a Xdc dinh diem tdng cho mdi chi tieu - Mdi chi tigu danh gia dugc ky hifu la Ci-m (i: nhdm chi tieu thii i - theo tiiilt kl i cd gii trj til nhdm dgn nhdm 5, m: ehi tigu thii m tiong mdi nhdm, m = 1, 2, ) Mdi chi tigu Ci-m sg dupra ngudi dan ty dauih gii tiidng qua bing hdi, bing each so sanh giura khu TBC vi noi d cu theo cap (cung cd the nhilu hon eip hoac it hon cSp): tdt hon, thuSn lpi hon nai d cu (t) - binh thudng, nhu ncri d cu (b) - kem ban, khd khan hon nai d eu (k) Sd dilm moi cip dinh gii tiiang ling la: t: dilm b: dilm k: I dilm - Gii sii sd hO tham gia danh gii cd n hd, nghTa la moi chi tigu Ci-m sS cd n kit qua dinh gii Nhu v§y, ket qua dinh gia mdi chi tieu cd thi liy tdng dilm (hay dilm tiimg binh cpng) ciia mdi chi tigu Ci-m dupc ky higu vi xic djnh la: Di-m = 3a -I- 2c + Id hp^c Dj-m = (3a + 2c -i- ld)/n Ky yiu Hpi nghi Khoa hgc Dia lp todn qudc ldn thu Hoi f>ia ly Vift Nam Bai hoc Thai Nguygn - Trong dd a, c, d li sd hO tham gia danh gia cimg mdt cap ddi vdi chi tieu Ci-m Vi: a + c -I- d = n b Phdn hgng ket qud ddnh gid Dya theo cic Nghj dinh, Nghj quyit, Quyit djnh cua Nha nude, ciia Thii tudng Chinh phu ban hinh ddi vdi cic khu TDC la phai dim bao cuOc sdng ciia ngudi dan sau di ddi den khu TDC "tdt ban hogc bing so vdi noi d cii" ngn da phan kit qua dinh gii mdi chi tieu thinh hgng: tdt hon so vdi noi d cu (t/) - Nhu nai d cu (b/) — Kem ban nai d cii (k/) Co sd de phin hang kdt qui dinh gii chi tigu Ci-m la dua theo phuang phap tinh "khoing cich dilm" Vdi mdi chi tieu Ci-m cd n hO danh gii vi gii sii kit qua dinh gia chi tieu dupc tinh theo diem tong thi khoang each digm dupc xac djnh nhu sau: - Sd diem cyc dgi ciia ehi tigu Ci-m: Di-m max = 3n - So diem cue tigu ciia chi tigu Ci-m la: Di-m = In = n - Gpi H Ii hifu sd gifta sd dilm eye dai (Di-m max) vi diem cyc tieu (Di-m min) eua ehi tigu Ci-m: H = Di-m max - Di-m = 3n - n = 2n Do mdi ehi tigu dupc phan theo hang ngn khoing each gifta eic hgng (ky hieu la S) dupc xie djnh la: S = H/3 = 2n/3 = (2/3)n Ket qua phan hang cho mdi chi tigu dupc xac djnh theo gii tij cua cic khoing diem nhu sau: + k/ (kem ban nai d cu): Diem dupc xac djnh tu n (digm min) den n -i- S = n + 2n/3 + b/ (bing nai d cu): Dilm tii (n + 2n/3) din (n -I- 2n/3 -I- S) = n + 4n/3 -I-1/ (tdt ban so vdi nai d cu): Diem tir (n -I- 4n/3) dgn 3n (diem max) 2.3.3.2 Ddnh gid cho tung nhdm chi tiiu Dg dinh gia CLCS d khu TBC thiiy dign se dya vio cac nhdm chi tigu Mdi nhdm chi tieu dupc ley higu Ni va mdi nhdm s€ cd m ehi tigu Dya vao ket qui dinh gia ciia tiing chi tigu Ci-m sS tiip tuc danh gii eho tung nhdm chi tieu Kit qui dinh gii chi tieu Ci-m dupc phan hgng cung se tuang duang eip ehi tigu va diem tuang iing chp mdi cip eua mdi chi tigu Ci-m dupc xic djnh nhu sau: - NIU kit qui dinh gii Ii t/ sS tuang ftng dilm - NIU kgt qui dinh gia Ii b/ sS tuong iing digm - Neu ket qui dinh gii la k/ sS tuong dng diem Kgt qua danh gii mdi nhdm Ni cung dupc phan thinh hang: Tot ban noi d cu (ky higu li T), binh tiiudng, nhu noi d cu (B), kem ban, khd khau ban noi d cii (K) Ca sd dl phin hgng cac nhdm chi tigu ciing phSn theo khoing cich dilm v i niu kgt qui dinh gii cho mdi nhdm dupc xac djnh theo dilm tdng thi vif e phin hgng kit qui dinh gii dupc xac dinh nhu sau: - Tdng dilm ciia moi nhdm Ni se la: Di = 3a/ + 2c/ + d/, vdi a/ + c/ + d/ = m (m la sd chi tieu ttong mdi nhdm) Dilm cyc dgi cua nhdm chi tieu Ni Ii Di-max = 3m Dilm cyc tilu ciia nhdm chi tigu Ni Ii Di-min = m - Gpi H/ li higu sd giiia dilm cyc dgi va cue tilu ciia Ni va H/ = 3m - m = 2m - Gpi S/ Ii khoing each diem gifta cic hgng va dupc xac djnh: S/ = H//3 = 2in/3 * Kit qui phan hang cho mdi nhdm Ni dupc xic djnh nhu sau: ~ —=-Hgng K (kjlirllcffi noTdcii) vdi'sd dilm tfi:mdgnm+S = m + 2m/3 - Hgng B (bing nai d cu) vdi sd dilm tii: m + 2m/3 din m + 2ni/3 + 2m/3 = m + 4ni/3 - Hgng T (tdt han nai d cu) vdi sd diem tii: m + 4in/3 den 3m 2.3.3.3 Ddnh gid tdng h(rp CLCS a khu TDC Sau cd kit qui dinh gii tiing nhdm chi tigu Ni theo hgng: T - B - K, eung sg tigp tuc phan c ^ chi tieu dinh gii CLCS ciia khu IBC, eho dilm cac cip va phan hang kgt qui dinh gii Kpyiu Hpi nghi Kf""' ^^^^ ^i° ^ '°^ 9"oc ldn thu Hdi Dja 1^ Vift Nam Bgi hoc Thii Nguygp CLCS d khu TDC Cung tten ca sd so sinh gifta nai d cu va nai d mdi ngn viec phin cap chi tigu sg dupc xac djnh tiieo cip va sd dilm tuang iing nhu sau: - NIU kit qui danh gia nhdm Ni dat hang T se tuang img dilm - NIU kit qui danh gii nhdm Ni dgt hgng B se luang iing dilm - Ngu kit qua danh gii nhdm Ni ehi dat hgng K se tuang iing dilm Kit qua danh gii CLCS d khu TDC cung dupc phan thinh hang: Tot ban nai d eft (k;^ hifu la T/); Binh thudng, nhu nai d cu (B/); Kem han, khd khin ban nai d cii (K/) Co sd dl phSn hang kit qui danh gii ciing dya theo khoing cich dilm vi dupc xac djnh nhu sau: - Tdng dilm danh gii ciia khu TDC sg la: D = 3a// + 2c// + d//, ttpng dd a// + c// + d// = i (i la sd nhdm chi tigu) - Tdng dilm cyc dai danh gii cho khu TDC la: Dmax = 3i - Tdng dilm cyc tilu dinh gia cho khu TDC Ii; Dmin = li = i - Higu sd gifta dilm cyc dgi va diem cue tigu H// = Dmax - Dmin = 3i - i = 2i - Gpi S// la khoing each dilm gifia cac hgng v i S// = 2i/3 Kit qui danh gii khu TDC theo cac hang nhu sau: - Xip hang K/, nghia li CLCS d khu TDC kem hon nai d cii neu sd diem danh gii xie djnh tir: i din i -I- 2i/3 - xip hgng B/, nghia Ii CLCS d khu TDC bing noi d cu neu sd diem danh gii xac djnh tft: i + 2i/3 din i + 2i/3 -t- 2i/3 = i + 4i/3 - Xip hgng T/, nghTa la CLCS d khu TBC tdt ban nai d cu niu sd dilm dinh gia xic djnh tu: i -I- 4i/3 din 3i * Tuy nhien, ttong qui trinh dinh gii, theo mfte dO inh hudng eda chi tidu dinh gia den cudc sdng cua ngudi dSn d khu IDC de xic djnh tipng sd, gia trj ttpng sd cd the la 2, 3,4 Vi dy: Ddi vdi dan TDC thiiy dign, hogt dOng ndng nghiep la chd yiu ngn dit dupe xem li tu lieu san xuit hgt siic quan tipng, cin thiit ddi vdi ndng dan Vi vgy chi tigu vl quy md difn tich dit va chi tigu chat luang dat cd the nang ttpng sd ISn hay Nh^n xgt phuong phip dinh gii - Uu diem eua phirang phdp + Co sd dg danh gia ban dSu (dinh gia timg chi tieu) la cdng ddng tham gia dinh gii (hO gia dinh) nen thg hifn tinh khach quan v i sat thyc + Mdi chi tigu dua danh gii se dupc djnh Iupng hda tiieo khoang cich diem (S, S/) ngn tinh chmh xic ciia phuang phip niy cao hon phuang phip danh gii thd, Ii phuong phip dinh gii chi tinh tiieo ti If (%) ^ + Mdi khu TDC dua la dinh gia tdng hop se dya tign cic nhdm chi tigu d i dupc dinh gii va tat ea diu dupe dinh Iupng hda tiieo khoing eich dilm nen vigc kit lugn kit qui dinh gii ei khu vuc se cy thi hom, rd rang ban va cd ca sd ban - Mat hgn che + Ngudn sd lifu tiiu dupc Ii chinh cdng ddng danh gia nen mudn dat miic dp chinh xic ddi hdi dilu traitign phii tiigt sy khdn khgo dat vin 4% vdi ngudi dan + Tuy sy dinh gii chinh cOng ddng danh gii nhung phin Idn ngudi din nai dSy Ii nhftng ndng din ngheo, tfigm chi ti If dan tOc tiiilu sd cao ngn tiinh dO hpe vin rit hgn ehe, vl thg ngudn sd lifu thu dupc khdng nen sii dung phuang phap PRA - uu dilm eiia phuang phip niy Ii tiiu dupc tiidng tin, sd lifu nhanh nhung dO chinh xic khong cao vi niu ddi tirpng cOng ddng cd tiinh hpc vSn tiiip thi nang tii dde Igp ciing lat tiiap, nghTa li tii tip thi tiOi hin, hay bat ehudc dinh gii Ddng tiidi cung khdng die giao hSn cdng vifc dinh gii cho cOng ddng ma ddi hdi digu tta vign phii tiip can timg hp gia dinh Chinh vi ttie se lit tin nhilu thdi gian vi cdng siic Kp yeu Hpi nghi Khoa hgc Dia lp loan quoc ldn thd HQi Bja ly Vift Nam Bai hoc Thai Nguygn + Bi cd kit qui dinh gii cudi cung, ca bin la dua vao viec cho dilm va tii se tinh khoang each diem nen dl cd sd lieu chinh xac thi sd miu danh gii phai cing nhilu, digu rd rang tiiy thudc vio khoing thdi gian vi kinh phi phuc vu cho vigc danh gii KET LUAN Sy xuat hign cic cdng trinh thuy dien da Iam thay ddi nai cu trii ciia mOt sd lupng ldn cdng ddng din eu thuOc khu vyc ldng hd va phin Idn hp dupc dua din mOt viing dit mdi gpi la khu tai djnh cu Theo chu truang va chinh sich cua Ding, Nhi nude dupc thg hifn qua cac Nghj quygt, Nghj djnh, Quyit djnh diu khing djnh ring cuOc sdng cua ngudi dan d khu TDC se tdt hon hogc tdi thigu cung phai bing nai d cu Thuc tg rSt nhieu khu TDC thuy dien, van de sinh kg cua hp dang lim vao dudng be tac, CLCS dang bj de dpa Dg biet r5 thyc trgng cudc sdng cua ngudi dan d cac khu TDC nhu thg nao, rd ring phii tign hanh danh gia Tuy nhign viec danh gia phan Idn chi mang tinh md ti hoac dinh gia thd, djnh ti'nh ngn kgt qua danh gia chua that sy thuyet phyc ddi vdi cac co quan ban nginh cd lien quan, cd ttach nhifm Vdi bd chi tigu tac gii xay dyng cimg vdi phuang phip dinh gii ttgn se li cdng cu ding tin cay phyc vy cho vigc dinh gii CLCS d cie khu TDC thuy dign hay md rdng cho bat ky mpt khu TDC nap Bp chi tigu cdn la ca sd dl dua nhumg giii phip thiit thyc nhim sdm dn djnh eupc song cua ngudi dan d khu TDC v i quan tipng hon la phai cd sy lya chpn ky ludng ban, giam sit vifc dau tu xay dyng cac khu TDC chat che han dl cuOc sdng ciia ngudi din that sy cd y nghia nhu cic chii truong, chinh sich cua Ding v i Nhi nude da ban hinh TAI LIEU THAM KHAO [1] Nguygn Dinh Hde (2001), Ddn sd - Dinh cu - Mdi trudng, Nxb Dgi hpc Qudc gia Ha NOi, Hi NOi [2] Lg Thj Nguyfn (2002), Phdn tich chdt lugng cupc sdng cua ddn ngheo dd thi a cdc vimg bao quanh Kinh Hue, D I tai cip BO, ma sd B98-07-38 [3] Le Thi Nguyfn (2006), Nghien cuu thuc trgng cupc sdng vd de xudt giaiphdp ndng cao hieu qud cdng tdc tdi dinh cu ddi vdi ddn ngheo a mpt sd khu tdi dinh cu thdnh phd Hue Dl tai cip 86: B2006-DHH01-07 [4] Sd Ndng nghigp va Phit trien ndng thdn Thua Thign Hue (2002), Bdo cdo chuyen de Nhdm cu ddn di bi thipt thdi dnh hirang bdi edng trinh hd chua nude Td Trach, Hue [5] Sd Khoa hpc vi Cdng nghg Thfia Thien Hui (2010), Ddnh gid thuc trgng vd di xudt gidi phdp ddm bdo dn dinh ndng cao chat luang cupc sdng ciia ngudi ddn viing di ddn, tdi dinh cu, Bin tin Khpa hpc va Cdng nghg Thfia Thign Hui, ti^ng 6-7 [6] Vifn Nghign ciiu kinh tl va phit triln (2009), Ddnh gid th^e trgng vd di xudt giaiphdp on dinh ndng cao chdt luang cupc sdng ngudi ddn vimg di ddn, tdi dinh dinh cu thupc cdc dir an thuy lgi, thuy diin d Thua Thien Hui Bdo cdo tdm tdt ket qud de tdi, Trudng Dgi hpe Kinh tl Qude dan - Ha Npi Kpyiu Hpi nghi Khoa hgc Bfa ly todn qudc ldn tha ... vdi dgc thii cua mdi khu TDC Ket qua danh gia se dya vao qui trinh danh gii timg tieu chi (hay nhdm chi tieu) phan anh CLCS khu TDC so vdi noi d cu theo mii-c: - Cufc sdng d khu TDC tdt ban so... chi danh gii CLCS it khu TDC thuy difn Casd thiit ki - Dya theo cic Nghj quyit, Nghj djnh, Quyit djnh ciia CUnh phu vi Thu tudng ban hanh doi vdi cac khu TDC ndi chung va khu TDC thuy difn, thiiy... ciia khu TDC sg la: D = 3a// + 2c// + d//, ttpng dd a// + c// + d// = i (i la sd nhdm chi tigu) - Tdng dilm cyc dai danh gii cho khu TDC la: Dmax = 3i - Tdng dilm cyc tilu dinh gia cho khu TDC