Tap chi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM Huynh Vdn Son XAY DUNG TIEU CHI DANH GIA CAC NHOM Ldp MAM NON TUTHyC TAI TP HO CHi MINH HIEN NAY M Q T DOI HOI CAP BACH HUS''''NH VAN SQN" T 6 M TAT Bdi bdo di cap din viec xd[.]
Tap chi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM Huynh Vdn Son XAY DUNG TIEU CHI DANH GIA CAC NHOM Ldp MAM NON TUTHyC TAI TP HO CHi MINH HIEN NAY - M Q T DOI HOI CAP BACH HUS'NH VAN SQN" T M TAT Bdi bdo di cap din viec xdy dung lieu chi ddnh gid cdc nhdm ldp mdm non tu thuc tgi TPHCM hien Kit qud nghien cicu duqc tiin hdnh tren 398 khdch the gdm: gido vien, chii Irudng, phu huynh, cdn bd qudn li gido due cho Ihay cdc nhdm khdch the deu thong nhdt cao vdi vi^c phdi kit hqp cd lieu chi ve chdt luqng hogt dqng vd quy mo hogt ddng ddnh gid chdt luang ciia nhdm ldp mam non tu thuc vd dieu ndy trd thdnh nhu cdu cdp bdch de gidi quyit thuc trgng gido due mdm non tgi TPHCM hien Tir khda: xay dung lieu chi, lieu chi danh gid, nhdm ldp mim non lu thuc ABSTRACT Building of evaluative criteria for private preschool classes in Ho Chi Minh City at present - a critical requirement The article refers to the biulding of evaluative criteria for private preschool classes in Ho Chi Minh City at present The findings from 398 participants including teachers, school owners, parents, education managers, etc show that there should be the combination of both qualitative criteria and operational scale to assess the quality of private preschool classes This becomes the critical need to solve the current problems of preschool education in HCMC al present Keywords: eonstmction of criteria, evaluation criteria, private preschool classes I Dat van de Ngay nay, ben cgnh hf thdng nha tre, tmdng ldp mau giao edng lap, d TPHCM ndi rieng va nbilu dja phuang khae tren loan qude ndi chung dd va dang phat triin nhdm nha tre, miu giao tu thyc Cac nhdm nha tre, miu giao khdng ngimg dugc md rdng nhdm dap ling nhu ciu giii tre dudi tudi ciia cae bgc phy huynh Tgi TPHCM, cac nhdm ldp mim non tu thyc phat triin rit nhanh, tinh din thang 3-2010 da cd 829 nhdm Idp Cac nhdm ldp tap tmng ddng ihit d cac qugn ven phd nhu: Binh TS, Tm-dng Dgi hpc Su phgm TPHCM Thgnh (100 nhdm) Tan Binh (80 nhdm) Tan Phu (96 nhdm), Hdc Mdn (53 nhdm), Gd v i p (45 nhdm),,, Diiu cho thiy sd lugng nhdm ldp ddc lap la kha nhiiu so vdi tdng sd trudng mim non (ea edng lap va tu thyc la 653 tmdng), Cd nhumg ldp hogt ddng kha tdt nen duge phy huynh tin nhifm, Tre d tmdng duge hudng diy dii chl dg dinh dudng va vf sinh, ciing nhu dugc dgy dd va cham sdc tdt Ben cgnh dd vln cdn nhiiu nhdm ldp ed mat bing chat hep, thiiu san choi, thiiu anh sang, khdng dam bao an loan, dn va byi bam Vi vay, rit ein cd nhumg nghien curu rd rang hom, cy thi hom v l thyc 41 86 34 ndm 2012 Tap chl KHOA HQC OHSP TPHCM trgng, hogt dgng ciia cdc nhdm Idp mam non tu thyc nhim giiip cho cac nhdm ldp mim non tu thyc bill dugc mirc dg hay quy md nhdm Ire ciia minh de cd the can doi giira cae dieu kifn thyc tl vdi hgc phi, eung nhu cd the cai thif n hodc dau lu nang cao quy md, chit lugng cua ca sd gido due Mdt khae, day cung Id mgt nhumg eo sd Ihye lien quan trgng giiip phy huynh cd nhung djnh hudng lya chgn nhdm Idp mam non lu thyc ed chat lugng vd phii hgp vdi nhumg diiu kifn ciia gia dinh The nhung tren thyc te, cdc nhdm Idp mim non tu thyc tren dia bdn TPHCM va ca nudc ndi rieng Igi ehua dugc danh gid xip logi bdi ehua cd lieu chi thong nhat Trong dd, nlu khdng dugc danh gia, xep logi thi s6 rat khd khan eho cdng tac quan li eung nhu eho hogt ddng eiia ehinh cac co sd Ddng thdi, dieu eung gay khd khan eho cae bae phy huynh chgn tmdng cho tre Do vay, vife nghien eiiu xay dyng bd lieu ehi danh gia nhdm Idp mam non tu thyc tgi TPHCM la rit cin thill Gidi quySt van de Nhdm Idp mim non tu thyc la thugt ngii dugc sir dyng phd bien tir sau ndm 2000, Dd la eo sd thu nhgn, nudi dgy tre dudi hinh thire gia dinh ma dd ngudi chii trudng dugc xem la chii gia dinh, Nhdm ldp mam non lu thyc cdn dugc ggi la ca sd nudi dgy tre tu nhan Cae CO sd phai cd giiy phep mdi dugc hogt dgng va dya tren mgt sd diiu kifn nhu: sd lugng tre, ca sd vat chit, dgi ngu giao vien, nhan vien , Nghien cim duge tiin hanh vdi 398 khach the, gdm: giao vien ehu trudng, phy huynh, can bd quan li giao dye Kit 42 qud phdn tich dudi ddy dya tren nhumg eii lifu thong ke mang linh djnh lugng bdng nhQ-ng so sdnh da chiiu - tdng hgp, Khi duge hdi vl sy cin thiit ciia vifc dp dyng lieu ehi danh gid cae nhdm Idp mim non tu thyc d ba nhdm khdch the, ca ba nhdm dlu thdng nhit cao vl vifc can thiet phai dp dyng tieu chi danh gia cac nhdm Idp mim non tu thyc, Cd 97,5% chu tmdng, 97,7% cdn bg quan li ddng y vdi vifc phai cd tieO chi danh gia cdc nhom tre, Ddi vdi cdc bgc phy huynh, da s6 thong nhit ring cin phai cd lieu chi danh gid cdc tmdng nhung ti If thap hom so vdi nhdm khdch the chu tmdng va can bg quan li (79,1%), Kit qua cdng lam rd hom miirc dg quan tam cua phy huynh ddi vdi chit lugng ciia cac nhdm Idp mam non tu thyc Cd the, diiu kifn ciia minh nen cac bgc phy huynh khdng quan tam nhiiu den vifc nhdm tre ma minh gui ed dugc danh gia, xep logi hay khdng ma ehi cin quan tam den hifn trgng ciia nhdm tre dd Thi nhung, neu ndi mft each cdng bdng thi sy dau tu ve dieu kien hgc phi cung can thyc sy tuong xiimg vdi nhumg diiu kifn ma tre dugc thy hudng Chinh vi khdng cd nhirng tieu chi de phan logi nen dlu ring nhdm tre ay d mirc C hay thgm chi la thap horn van ngang nhien bj thu miic hgc phi d miirc B ma phy huynh van phai chju dyng Day la vin dl md nhChig nha quan li cin xem xet va can nhac Li giai vl sy cin thiit phai ap dung tieu chi danh gia ddi vdi nhdm ldp mam non tu thyc, cd 73,1% chu tmdng cho ring dt quan li chit lugng; 47,9% cho ring dl tranh vifc md ldp tran lan; 42,9%, cho ring dl cip phep hogt ddng va 31,9% Tap chi KHOA HQC OHSP TPHCM Huynh Vdn San cho rang de de dang djnh hudng cho phu huynh lya chgn Ddi vdi can bd quan Ii lhi cd 59,1% cho rang vife dp dyng tieu chi danh gia cac nhdm tre la de quan Ii chat lugng; 54,5% cho rang de tranh viee md Idp Iran Ian; 29,5% cho rang de cap phep hoat ddng va 13,6% cho ring de djnh hudng cho phy huynh lya chgn, 2.1 Kit qud khdo sdt vi cdc ea s& di ddnh gid chat lupng nhdm l&p mam non tir thge Ket qua khao sat ve ea sd quan trgng de ddnh gid chat lugng nhdm Idp mam non lu thue d cac nhdm khach the khae deu eho kit qua kha thdng nhal, the hifn qua bang I dudi day: - y Bang Quan niem ciia cdc nhdm khdch the ve ca sd quan trqng de ddnh gid chdt lugng cita nhdm lap mdm non tu thiic STT ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ - - - ^ ^ ^ Khdch thi Co sd "" -^ ^^^ Chii trudng (ti If %) Phu huynh 5,0 26,9 68,1 2,6 21,3 76,1 Quy md hogt ddng Chat lugng hogt ddng Ca quy md va chat lugng Ca nhdm khach the deu thdng nhat cao vdi vifc phai kel hgp ea tieu chi ve chat lugng hogt dgng va quy md boat ddng danh gia chat lugng eiia nhdm ldp mam non tu thyc Cd 68,1% chii trudng, 76,1% phy huynh va 72,7% can bd quan li ddng y vdi ndi dung (ti If %) Cdn bf qudn li (ti If %) 2,3 25 72,7 Trong hai co sd dd, co sd ve chat lugng ddng vai trd chinh, Khi dua 10 lieu ehi cy the de eae chu trudng va can bd quan Ii lya chgn danh gia mdt nhdm Idp mam non lu thyc, cd nhiing sy khae bift nhat djnh the hifn qua bang 2, Bdng Quan niem eika cdc nhdm khdch the ve nhiing tieu ehi edn quan tdm I ddnh gid chdt luang ciia nhdm lap mdm non tu thue STT 10 ~~— ^ Khdch the Tieu chl Dieu kien ea sd vat chat Dam bao sy an loan cho tre Trinh quan li ciia chu trudng Che dinh dudng, vf sinh Ke hogch giao dye Bieu hifn phat trien ciia tre Thu nhap cua giao vien Sy tin nhifm ciia phy huynh Quy md nhdm ldp Sy hai Idng ciia giao vien ——- Chii tru'dng (ti If %) 84 59,7 65,5 75,6 42 51,3 42 68,1 42 47,9 Cdn bg qudn li (ti le %) 4,5 31,8 13,6 25 70,5 75 75 56,8 75 68,2 43 86 34 ndm 2012 Tgp chi KHOA HQC OHSP TPHCM Nlu nhu cae chii Irudng quan nifm ring diiu kifn ca sd vgt chit Id lieu chi cin quan lam nhil (84%) ddnh gid mdl nhdm trd mim non lu thyc lhi cdn bd quan li Igi xip d vj tri thip nhit (4,5%) vj tri thd 10 Ddi vdi tieu chi cdn Igi, cdc chu trudng xip d vj tri lir thir hai din thir mudi lin lugt la: ehe dg dinh dudng, vf sinh (75,6%): sy tin nhifm eua phy huynh (68,1%); trinh dg quan li eiia chii trudng (65,5%): dam bao sy an todn cho tre (59,7%); biiu hifn phdl iriln cua tre (51,3%); sy hai Idng eiia gido vien (47,9%); quy md nhdm Idp, kl hogeh giao dye va thu nhap eua giao vien ciing duge 42% ehii Irudng chgn lya, Igi dl cao biiu hifn phat trien eiia tre vi quy md nhdm ldp, Diiu cung phir ndo thi hifn tu vl giao dye ciia ca( chii trudng thdnh lap va diiu hanl hogt dgng eiia tmdng minh Y)k ldm rd hom quan nifm eua cdc chu tmdng vd dgi ngu can bg quan Ii v^ cdc tidu chi danh gid nhdm Idp mam non tu thyc, nhdm nghien ciru tidp tyc dua bieu hifn cy the (ydu td ngudi; ca sd vat chit; cdng tac nuoi dudng va vf sinh y tl; ngi dung ehuong trinh vd thyc hifn chuang trinh; td chijc quan li ldp; dam bao an toan cho trd) de cac nhdm khdch thd cho y kiln Kit qua khao sat cho thiy, ea nhdm chu tmdng va « Trong dd, cac cdn bg quan li xep hgng miie quan trgng eua cac lieu chi tir thii nhat den thii chin nhu sau: ba lieu chi biiu hifn phdt trien cua tre, thu nhap eua giao vien va quy md nhdm Idp ciing diing d vj tri dau lien (75%); tilp r theo Id ke hogch giao dye (70,5%); sy hai ldng cua giao vien (68,2%); sy tin nhifm ciia phy huynh (56,8%); dam bao sy an loan cho tre (31,8%); chl dg dinh dudng, vf sinh (25%); trinh dg quan li ciia ehu trudng (13,6%) day, cd sy khdc bift ve quan nifm giura chii trudng so vdi cdn bd quan li, Nlu nhu chu trudng danh gia miirc dg diu tu (vl ca sd vgt chit vd chl dg dinh dudng, vf sinh) la quan trgng nhat ma khdng quan tam nhieu den bieu hifn phat triin cua tre thi cac nha quan li 44 « 9 can bg quan li ddu ddng y cao (thap nhat la 75%, eao nhit la 100%) vdi cac tieu ehi dua lam cdn cir de danh gia chat lugng cua mgt nha trd gia dinh 2.2 Ket qud khdo sdt ve cdch phan logi nhdm l&p mam non tuthgc 2.2.1 Phdn logi ve quy md Nhdm nghien cim dua ba each phan logi quy md ciia nhdm ldp mam non tu thyc: ldn, trung binh va nhd; mdi quy md cd ba mure sd lugng trd khae de cdc chu tmdng va dgi ngii can bg quan li » chgn Day sd la mgt nhiing yeu to quan trgng de cd the xay dyng tidu chinh danh gid chit lugng ciia cac nhdm lop mim non tu thyc Kit qua khao sat th^ hifn d bang sau day: Tap chl KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM Huynh Vdn San Bang Quan niem ciia cde nhdm khdch the ve phdn logi quy md cita nhdm lap mdm non tic thuc STT I ~~~— -.^^^^^ Khdch the ~~ _ Quy md 100 - tre Ldn 70-100 tre 50 - 70 tre 50-70 tre Trung binh 30-50 tre Khde 20 - 30 tre Nhd 10-15 tre Du&i 10 tre Bang cho thay cd sy gidng giira chii trudng va can bd quan li vifc phan logi quy md nhdm ldp mam non tu thyc Ca hai nhdm khach the deu thdng nhat eho rang nhdm tre ed quy md Idn cd sd lugng tir 70 den 100 tre (cd 56,3% chu trudng va 56,8% can bd quan Ii ddng y); nhdm trd cd quy md nhd cd sd lugng tu 30 50 tre (cd 58,8% ehii tmdng va 70,5% can bd quan li ddng y); nhdm trd cd quy md nhd cd sd lugng tir 20 din 30 trd (cd 49,6% ehu trudng va 59,1% can bd quan li ddng y), Khao sat sau hom nhumg li vl y kidn nay, chiing tdi nhgn thay cd su thdng nhat cua nhieu khdeh thi la vln phai nhgn giu" ban 60 trd dk dam bao vl diiu kifn kinh tl, dl "trir hao" eho sy biin ddng sd lugng Ire vi tre thudng xuydn chuydn ehd d, thudng "khie xuit khic nhap" theo cha me Chu trudng (ti If %) 30,3 56,3 13,4 37,8 58,8 3,4 49,6 43,7 6,7 Cdn bf qudn li (ti If %) 13,6 56,8 29,5 27,3 70,5 2,3 59,1 34,1 6,8 phai giu ddng tre hom quy djnh dl dam bao thu nhap eho giao vidn, cho sy tdn tgi ciia nhdm tre,,, Chinh vi thd, nhdm ldp mam non tu thyc deu mong nhgn dugc sy thdng cam tir phia phy huynh, Tuy nhidn, xet vd mat quan Ii giao dye mam non thi day ciing chinh la van de can khae phyc 2.2.2 Phdn logi ve chdt luang Can cii trdn co sd li luan va nghidn Cliu thuc tien hogt ddng giao dye mam non ciia mdt sd nudc trdn thi gidi, nhdm nghien eiiu dd xay dyng nen nhirng tidu chi dl ddnh gia chat lugng nhdm Idp mim non tu thyc theo ba miie: logi A, logi B va logi C Mdi logi Igi bao gdm cac tieu ehi cy thi (logi A gdm tidu chi; logi B gdm II tidu chi; logi C gdm 10 tieu ehi), Quan nifm cua eae nhdm khach thi vl phan logi chit lugng nhdm ldp mim non tu thyc lhi hifn d bang sau day: 45 86 34 ndm 2012 Tap chi KHOA HQC OHSP TPHCM Bdng Quan ni?tn cita cde nhdm khdeh thi vi phdn logi ehdt lugng nhdm lap mdm non lu thge ^•~ - — ^ _ _ _ _ ^ Khdch the Cdn bg qudn If Chii trudng STT (ti If %) (ti If %) Tiiu chi ~~ ^ _ 81,3 76,2 Loai A 83,1 80,5 Loai B 78,9 79,8 Logic y Bang cho thiy cdc nhdm khach the dlu dong y dy thao phan logi chit lugng nhdm ldp mim non lu thyc khd cao Ti If ddng y eao nhit la 83,1% va thap nhil la 76,2% (dlu cap han '/< mau) > Dieu eho thay nhiing lieu ehi danh gia nhdm ldp mam non lu thyc dy thao la hgp li va kha lhi So lifu cung cho thay khdng ed sy khae bift dang kd vd danh gia giira eae nhdm khach the la chu trudng va can bd quan Ii Tir day, cd lhi cho phep nhgn djnh ring dy thao lieu ehi se kha thuan Igi de triin khai thir nghifm thyc td Nhu vay, da phin ehii trirdng va can bd quan Ii thdng nhat vdi cac tidu chi phan logi chit lugng nhdm Idp mim non tu thyc nhdm nghidn ciru dua ra, Diiu cho thiy vifc nghidn cii^ cde tidu ehi dQ danh gid - kiim djnh hay tham ehi la phan logi nhdm Idp mam non tu thyc tgi TP HCM hifn cung nhu doi vdi ca nude tuomg lai la diiu hit sire cin thiit Vifc lam sd gdp phin ho trg THAM K H A O Phan Hidn Anh (2005), Phdt trien gido due mdm non vd cdng tde phdi hap lien ngdnh, Vy Trd em - Uy ban dan sd, gia dinh va trd em Ld Xuan Hdng (2007), Hogt dqng cita logi hinh trudng mdm non ngodi edng lap tai Thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh - Thicc trgng, hi?u qud vd tiim ndng, Dk tai khoa hoc cSp Sd, Sd KH & CN TPHCM, TAI L I | U 46 cho cdng tac quan li nhdm ldp mim non tu thyc eung nhu giup cac nhdm Idp tir danh gid - danh gia Mat khdc, no cung giup cac bgc phy huynh tim hidu vl cdc CO sd nhdm Idp mam non tu thyc theo tidu chi phan nhdm dd chgn lya cho tre mgt nhdm Idp phii hgp, an loan, Ket ludn Tdm Igi, so lifu nghien ciiu va nhOmg phan tich eho thay vifc xay dung bg tidu ehi danh gia nhdm ldp mam non tu thyc tgi TPHCM la vifc lam hit siic cin thiit Cac nhdm khach thi dlu rit tan vdi djnh hudng ciing nhu nhumg dy thao ban diu Diiu dang chii y la can cd nhiing thir nghifm sau dd danh gid mgt each cd cdn cir vl tinh thieh irng, tinh hifu lyc ciia bg tidu chi Nhiing ddi hdi iy sd lam cho bg tidu chi that sir mang tinh khoa hgc va tinh iing dyng cao hom xet ca vl m^t li luan va thyc tiin khdng chi ddi vdi giao dye mim non TPHCM md cdn d phgm Vi ca nude Tap chi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM Huynh Vdn San Nguyen Thi My Ldc (1996), Td ehue qudn li nhdm ldp tre Irong trudng mdm non, Nxb Giao due, Nguyen Thj Quyen (2007), Nghien cicu di xudt mdt sd gidi phdp phdt trien cdc logi hinh tnedng mdm non ngodi cdng lap, De tai NCKH cap Bd, md so B-2005-80-15 Quyit djnh sd 149/2006/QD-TTg cua Thu tudng Chinh phii phe duyet Ol an Phdt trien gido due mdm non giai dogn 2006- 2015 Sd Gido due va Dao tgo TPHCM (2005), Bdo cdo ve tinh hinh qudn li trudng ldp nhdm tu thuc mdm non cua Sd Gido due vd Ddo tgo TPHCM - Cdc bi?n phdp de xudt de gidi quyet casd nudi tre khdng phep Huynh Van Son (2011), Thuc trgng hogt ddng cua nhdm ldp mdm non tu thuc tgi Thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh hi^n nay, Tham luan Hgi thdo Khoa hgc Sd Khoa hgc vd cdng nghf TPHCM "Ddnh gid hoat dgng ciia nhdm ldp mim non tu thuc hifn nay", thang 10-2010 Huynh Van Son, Trin Thj Nggc Chiic (2011), Cdc bien phdp qudn li chdt luqng hogt ddng cua nhdm ldp mdm non tu thuc tgi Thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh, Hdi thao Khoa hgc Sd Khoa hgc vd Cdng nghf TPHCM: "Ddnh gia hogt ddng ciia nhdm ldp mim non tu thuc hifn nay", thdng 10-2010 Huynh Van Son (2011), "Hoat ddng cua nhom ldp mim non tu thuc tai TPHCM", Bdo Gido due TPHCM, (172 - 175), 10 Nguyen Hdng Thuan (2005), Nghien cuu di xudt md hinh trudng Mdm non ngodi cdng lap d khu vice ndng thdn, Vifn Nghien ciiu Gido due, Ha Ndi, 11 Nguyen Anh Tuyit (2008), ''Bk nhdm ldp mim non tu thuc trd thdnh Id im nudi dgy trd tho", Bdo Gido due vd Thdi dgi, (65), 12 Vu Gido due Mim non (2009), Tdi lifu Hdi thao "Bifn phap qudn li, chi dgo nang cao chit lugng cham sdc giao due trd tgi cdc co sd giao due mam non lu thuc", Sd Gido due vd Dao tao, TPHCM, (Ngiy Tda soan nh$n duQC bii: 5-01-2012; ngiy chip nh$n dSng: 17-02-2012) 47 ... ddi vdi giao dye mim non TPHCM md cdn d phgm Vi ca nude Tap chi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM Huynh Vdn San Nguyen Thi My Ldc (1996), Td ehue qudn li nhdm ldp tre Irong trudng mdm non, Nxb Giao due, Nguyen... cua nhdm ldp mdm non tu thuc tgi Thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh hi^n nay, Tham luan Hgi thdo Khoa hgc Sd Khoa hgc vd cdng nghf TPHCM "Ddnh gid hoat dgng ciia nhdm ldp mim non tu thuc hifn nay" , thang 10-2010... (2011), "Hoat ddng cua nhom ldp mim non tu thuc tai TPHCM", Bdo Gido due TPHCM, (172 - 175), 10 Nguyen Hdng Thuan (2005), Nghien cuu di xudt md hinh trudng Mdm non ngodi cdng lap d khu vice ndng