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Xay dung tieu chi danli gia ket qua eong tac dao tao theo nhu cau phat trien xa hoi ThS NGUYEN THI LINH HUONG Trung tdm Thdng tin va Du bao kinh te xa hoi quoc gia, Bd Ke hoach va Dau tu "Phdt trien n[.]
Xay dung tieu chi danli gia ket qua eong tac dao tao theo nhu cau phat trien xa hoi ThS NGUYEN THI LINH HUONG - Trung tdm Thdng tin va Du bao kinh te - xa hoi quoc gia, Bd Ke hoach va Dau tu "Phdt trien nhanh ngudn nhdn luc, nhdt Id ngudn nhdn lice chdt luffng cao, tap trung vdo viec dot mdi can bdn vd todn dien nen giao dtic qude ddn; gdn ket chat che phdt trien ngudn nhdn htc vdi phdt trien vd dng dung khoa hoc cong nghe" dirge xac d i n h la m o t ba dot pha de phat trien nhanh, ben virng cua Chien luge phat trien kinh te - x a hoi 2011-2020 da dirge thong qua tai Dai hoi D a n g toan quoc Ian thiir XI D d tiidn khai thue hien dot pha vd phat tridn lihanh ngudn nhdn luc de Chieh luge phat tridn kinh te xa hdi, Thii tudng Chi'nh phu da phe duyet Chien luoe phdt tridn nhdn luc Viet Nam thdi ky 2011-2020 va Quy hoach phdt trien nhdn lue Viet Nam giai doan 2011-2020 ddng thdi ban hanh He thdng ehl tieu phdt tridn nhdn luc phuc vu cho viec theo doi/gidm sat va danh gia thuc hien Chieh luge vd Quy hoach phat tiidn nhan lue Viet Nam thdi ky 2011-2015 Ngay 30/5/2012, Thii tudng Chmh phu da ban hanh Chi thi sd 18/CT-Trg vd viec tridn khai thue hien Quy hoach phat tridn nhdn lire Viet Nam giai doan 20112020 va ddy manh dao tao theo nhu cdu phdt trien cua xa hdi giai doan 2011-2015 Lien tiep nhung Chie'n luge va Quy hoach phat tiidn nhdn lue ddi cho thdy tdm quan trgng cua viec phat tridn nhdn luc va v ^ dd giao due - dao tao dang dat nhiing nhu cdu cap thidt cdn phai dugc hoan thien theo xu thd phdt tridn eua xa hdi Viec dao tao theo nhu cdu xa hdi hien da khdng chi cdn gdn vdi he thdng giao due qude ddn ma di Udn vdi nhu cdu cua cdc doanh nghiep va ban than ngudi hoc Xdy dung tieu chi danh gia ke't qua cdng tac dao tao theo nhu cau xa hoi Cdng cu6c ddi mdi ndn giao due Viet Nam nhung nam gan ddy cang duge de cap mot each manh me hon vdi su ddi cua Nghi quydt sd 29 NQ/TW 4/11/2013 cua Hoi nghi lan tiiii BCH TW Dang klida XI vd ddi mdi can ban, toan dien giao due va dao tao, dap ling yeu cdu CNH, HDH ti-ong dieu kien kinh td thi trudng dinh hudng xa hoi chii nghia va hdi nhap kinh td qude td Thuc trang nen giao due hien cho thdy, "chat lugng, hieu qua gido due va dao tao thdp so vdi yeu edu, nhdt la giao due dai hgc, giao due nghd nghiep Dao tao thie'u gdn kdt vdi nghien ciiu khoa hoc, san xudt, kinh doanh va nhu cdu ciia tfii trudng lao d6ng; chua chii trgng 47 dung miic viec giao due dao diic, Idi sdng va ky nang lam viec" Ddi mdi can ban he thd'ng gido due va dao tao hien dang la met nhu cdu biic thidt cua xa hdi theo hudng phat tiidn hien dai Nd ddi hdi su thay ddi can ban khQng chi d ban than he thdng gido due ma cdn la su hen ket giiia he thd'ng giao due v6i nhu edu phat tridn ciia xa hdi Dao tao nhan lire dd phuc vu nhu cau phat tridn kinh td xa hdi ia quy luSt phat tridn Uieo le thSng thudng Do dd, viec xdy dung cac tieu chi ddnh gid chdt lugng dao tao theo hudng dap iing nhu cdu xa h6i la mdt hudng di diing dan, phii hgp vdi xu thd phat tridn Men dai Td gde dp cua cdc ca sd gido due vd ddo tao (cung cap nguon cung lao ddng) Cac CO sd giao due va dao tao la m6t b6 phan cua he thd'ng gido due qude dan, bao gdm cac cap tii mdu giao tdi sau dai hgc, cung edp cho ngudi hoc nhung ky nang, phuong phap, kidn thiic dd cd the ddp iing duge nhflng yeu cdu td'i tiiieu tdt nghiep Dudi gde dao tao theo nhu cdu xa hdi thi cac eo sd gido due va dao tao se cung edp gi cho ngudi hgc hien nay? Hg se cung edp nhiing gi minh ed, vd ndi dung (kidn thlie), phuong phap hay se dap ling nhu edu cua xa hdi la xa hdi cdn nhung gi? Cac co sd gido due va dao tao (d ddy tap trung vao cac CO sd dao tao nghd vd trudng dai hgc) eung edp va trang bi nhOng nang luc cdn thidt de ngudi hgc cd eae ky nang thuc hien lam co sd cho ngudi hgc cd ca hdi tim dugc viec lam va ed nang luc hanh nghd theo yeu cau cua san xudt Nang luc thuc hien bao gdm kidn thiic, ky nang va thai cdn thidt dd ngudi hgc/ngudi lao d6ng thuc hien duge nhiing yeu edu cdng viec Tuy nhien, dd dap ling dugc nhu cdu ciia xa hdi thi cdc eo sd gido due va dao tao cdn phai ed mdi quan he chat che vdi cac doanh nghiep hoac cd cdc thdng tin vd nhu cdu dao tao ciia thi trudng Neu cac co sd dao tao khong cd cdc thdng tin nay, hg se chi cung edp nhiing gi hg cd ehii khdng the dao tao theo nhu edu cua thi trudng Nhu vay, d day sinh vin dd Id cac co sd dao tao cung phai chu ddng viec cap nhat thdng tin ciia thi trudng lao dong dd biet dugc nhung xu hudng bidn ddng ciia thi trudng, tCr dd cd kd hoach cung cap cac chuong trinh dao tao phu hgp O eae nude dang phdt tridn, cdc md hinh giao due da dang va cd tl'nh thi trudng Ho ndm bat cac nhu cdu cua thi trudng thdng qua cac kenh thdng tin va ed mdi Uen he chat che vdi cac doanh nghiep, eae td ehiic nghd nghiep dd didu chinh chucfng trinh giao due va dao tao cua minh cho phu hc^ Tai Ailen, Han Qude, My va nhidu nude phdt tridn khae, cac trudng dai hgc cd he thd'ng theo ddi thdng tin cua sinh vien sau ti-udng ed tim dugc viec lam diing nganh nghd ddo tao hay khong? Tir do, Nha trudng ed eo sd danh gia chdt lugng giao due ciia minh co phii hop vdi thuc td hay kbSng dd didu ehinh chuong trinh Vdy, eae co sd dao tao mudn dao tao theo yeu cdu xa hdi thi cdn phai cd md'i lien he mat thidt, chat che vdi thi trudng lao ddng, cu the la cac doanh nghiep va ngudi hoc de ndm bat dugc nhu cdu, tii dd xay dung dugc chuong trinh gido due va ddo tao phu hgp Doi mdi cdn bdn vd todn dien he thdng gido due tdc Id cd budc chuyen true tie'p tit cung sang cdu, tdc la chuyen tit viec cung dng nhdng ky ndng, kien thdc md CO' sd ddo too co sang viie cung ling nhOng ky ndng, kien thitc ma xd hoi cdn Cac tieu chi danh gia cd the dugc xay dung tren eo sd: tl'nh ehinh xac tCr cac kenh thdng tin, mang ludi thdng tin cua cac CO sd dao tao vdi cdc doanh nghiep, ea nhan; tinh Iinh boat va cap nhat chuong ti-inh giang day, trinh dd chuyen mGn cua d6i ngii giang vidn Tii gde cua cdc doanh nghiep, to chdc ed nhu cdu si dung lao ddng (Cdu lao ddng) Dd dap ling nhu edu san xudt kinh doanh, cac doanh nghiep, td chiic cd nhu cdu sit dung/tuydn dung nhiing lao ddng cd ky nang, cd trinh dd va ed du nang lue dam bao viec thuc hien cdc yeu cdu edng viec cua don vi minh ThOng qua viec tuyen dung, doanh nghiep mudn tuyen chgn dugc ngudi lao ddng dap iing cang nhidu cang tdt nhung k^ nang cdn cd d^i vdi cSng viec ma doanh nghiep yeu cdu Viec tuyen dung dugc diing nhan cdng theo yeu edu se giup doanh nghiep giam dugc mdt phdn rdt Idn chi phi dao tao Tuy vay,ti^enthue te'd Viet Nam hien nay, cd 83,4% lao ddng dang 1dm viec khdng cd tiinh dd chuyen mSn k j fliudt, 4,7% ed trinh dd day nghd, 3,6% cd tiinh dd trung edp, 1,9% ed trinh dd cao ding va 6,4% cd tiinh dd t& dai hgc trd len Tinh chung, chi ed 16,6% lao ddng ttr 15 tudi trd len dang lam viec cd tiinh dd chuyen mdn ky thuat (Tdng cue Thdng ke, 2012) Nguyen nhan nao din de'n tinh trang tren? Thii nhdt la ban than ngudi lao ddng chua cd y thiic tuti-auddi chuyen mdn ky thudt cho ban than minh Didu ndy phu tirudc vao nhidu ydu td nhu kinh td, van hda Thii hai, ban than cac doanh nghiep khdng coi trgng nhu cdu dao tao cho ngudi lao ddng Nghien ciiu cho thdy, ty le doanh nghiep tidn hanh dao tao cho lao ddng hien tai la khiem tdn vdi 7% ndm 20il vd dao tao cho lao ddng mdi la 35% nam 2011 (Ciem, DoE, ILSSA va UNU-WIDER, 2012) Ban thdn cdc doanh nghiep rat it coi trgng viec dao tao cho ngudi lao ddng la mdt chien luge dai han dd phdt hien doanh nghiep (Pham Quy Long, 2008) Doanh nghiep mudn ban chd tdi da khoan chi phi cho ddo tao lao ddng, chi mudn tuydn dung lao ddng cd trinh dd dap ung duge nhu cdu cdng viec d cac doanh nghiep khae Thii ba, mdi hen he gifla cac eo sd ddo tao vd doanh nghiep chua chat che Nhu edu thuc td vd viec dao tao nha trudng cdn ed mdt khoang each kha xa O Viet Nam hien cd rdt it cac co sd dao tao cd mdi quan he chat che vdi cac doanh nghiep dd dao tao theo ddng yeu cdu cua doanh nghiep Trong cdc nude phat tridn iihu Nhat Ban hay Han Qud'c, cac doanh nghiep Idn thudng cd ca trung tam ddo tao nghe cho ngucri lao ddng nhu hang Mitsubisi cua Nhat Ban hay Samsung hoac Deawoo ciia Hdn Quoc Ngudi lao ddng sau qua chuong tiinh dao tao d day cd tiid dap ling hoan toan dugc edng viec fixing doanh nghiep, thdm ehi dat chudn nghd nghiep d cdc hang cdng nghiep tuong ti; Cac tmng tdm dao tao deu dat chumi qude td vd chdt lugng dao tao, cd thd lam viec d mgi ehi nhanh cua cac hang ti^n the gidi Hien d Viet Nam, mdi ehi cd trudng dai hgc FPT dang sir dung phuong thiic dao tao gdn hdn vdi thuc te Sinh vien tdt nghiep dai hoc FPT se cd co hdi lam viec rdt Idn ti-ong tap doan FPT TU gde cua ngudi hoc, cua nhd ddu tu Ngudi hgc nang ddng vd ludn mudn bat kip vdi nhung yeu edu eua xa hdi Ngudi hoe mudn dugc edp nhat nhiing kidn thlie mdi, dap ung duge vdi nhu cdu cua doanh nghiep, gdn viec hgc vdi thue hanh Ngudi hgc hien khdng chi la ngudi Idng nghe kien tiiiic til cac thdy cd giao ma cdn la ngudi tham gia true tiep vao qua trinh day va hgc Tuong tac giiia ngudi day va ngudi hoc quydt dinh Idn tdi chat lugng gido due va dao tao cdc CO sd giao due va dao tao hien Ngudi hgc cung se la mdt kenh eung cap th6ng tin cho ngudi day hgc dd cap nhat chuong trinh giang day phii hgp vdi thuc td hon Dudi gde mdt ngudi hgc, mdt nha dau tu giao due tuong lai, ngucii hgc mong mudn khdng chi dugc hoe cac ky nang co ban md eon phai duge tham nhap vao thuc te vdi cac ky nang hien dai, dugc trang bj cac kieh thiic dd ed thd lam viec sau tdt nghiep hoac tham chi cd the lam viec vdn dang la sinh vien Ddy la mdt yeu edu chinh dang xa hdi vi ddu tu cho giao due eung la mdt ngudn ddu tu lau dai CO can nhdc ky ludng ciia ngudi hgc tren co sd phan tich cdc van dd chi phi va lgi I'ch sud't qua trinh hgc TUgdc qudn ly nhd nude Giao due va dao tao ed vai tro hdt siic quanti-gngcho suphat tridn kinh td - xa hdi cua mdi quoc gia Ly ludn eung nhu thue tidn d nhidu nude phat tiidn ddu cho thdy phat tridn ngudn nhan luc chat lugng cao la bien hang ddu de xay dung va phat tiidn mdt ddt nude theo hudng CNH, IH)H Didu la hdt Siic can thiet ddi vdi mdt nude dang phat trien vd hdi nhdp cang sau rdng nhu Viet Nam hien Didu 14, Luat Giao due nam 2005 va Luat siia ddi bd sung mdt sd didu cua Luat Gido due nam 2009 cua Viet Nam quy dinh IMha nude thdng nhat quan ly he thdng gido due qude ddn vd muc tieu, chuong trinh, noi dung, ke hoach gido due, lieu chuan nha gido, quy che thi cit, he thdng van bdng, chiing chi; tap trung quan ly chat lugng giao due, thue hien phSn cdng, phan edp quan ly giao due, tang cudng quydn tu chii, tu chiu trach nhiem cua eo sd giao due Td'c la, Nhd nude cdn thdng nhdt tieu chi ddnh gid chdt lugng gido due vd ddo tao cua cdc eo sd gido due dudi mgi hinh thUc Nhd nude can ban hdnh mot he thd'ng chi tieu vd tieu chi ddnh gid chdt luang gido due de dam bao rdng cdc ca sdgido due deu cd dinh hudng phdt trien theo dUng vai yeu cdu cua xd hdi Cac tieu ehi danh gid cd the dua tren mdt sd van dd nhu: - Chdt lugng ddo tao phu hgp vdi ySu cdu ciia thi trudng lao ddng (bao gdm eae ky nang lao ddng, nang lue lao ddng, cung nhu cac ky nang mdm khdc ma thi trudng doi hoi) - Sd lugng dao tao (cung lao ddng) dap dng du vdi nhu cdu cua thi trudng (cdu lao ddng) Dd thuc hien dugc cac yeu cdu nay, Nha nude cdn phai xay dung mdt chuong trinh giao due phii hgp vdi muc tieu vd chie'n luge ro rang cho tiing tiidi ky phat tridn, dua cac dinh hudng dao tao cho cdc eo sd giao due; ddng thdi eung dinh hudng cho ngudi hgc dugc xu thd phdt tridn ciia thi trudng lao ddng thdng qua cac eo quan phan tich va du bao xu hudng phat trien ciia thi trudng lao dong Didu dugc the hien rdt rd qua kinh nghiem d mdt sd nude phdt tridn nhu: Han Qude, chfnh sach giao due dugc xay dung phii hgp v6i ddi hoi cua nen kirih td Qua timg thdi ky, Nha nude eo chfnh sach giao due cu thd Vl du, nhung nam 1950, ddt nude vua trai qua cudc ndi chidn, Chinh phu Han 49 Qu6c ehu tirrong xda mii chii cho toan dan Nhung nam sau dd, chinh sach giao due lai duoc phat trien theo hudng phdt uien giao due hudng nghiep eae trudng mmg hoc vao nhung nam 1960, nhiing nam 1970 lai tap trung vao cac tirrdng day nghd kj thuat; sau dd, la chidn luge ddy manh boat ddng nghien ciiu va giao due tren Eiih vuc khoa hgc co ban va edng nghe, nang cao chdt lugng giao due va hgc sudt den Vdo thap ky 90, cu die la nam 1992 Han Quoc thue hien eai cdch giao due vdi muc tieu tdi cdu tnie he thd'ng giao due hien cd mdt he thdng giao due mdi, bao darn cho ngudi dan dugc hgc sudt ddi Thdng 12/2001 Chinh phu Han Quoc c6ng bd Chieh luge qud'c gia Idn thii nhdt vd phat tridn ngudn nhan lire giai doan 20012005 Tiep do, Chidn luge qude gia Idn thii hai vd phat tridn ngudn nhdn luc thdi ky 2006-2010 dugc xay dung va thuc hien hieu qua Ndi dung chinh ciia cdc chie'n luge dd edp tdi su tang cudng hgp tdc gifla cac doanh nghiep, tiordng dai hgc vd eae co sd nghien cuu; ndng cao hinh sii dung va quan ly ngudn nhan luc, nang cao tfnh chuyen nghiep ciia ngudn nhan luc khu vuc cdng; xay dung he thdng ddnh gid va quan ly kien thlie, ky nang va cdng viec; xay dung kdt cdu tdng thdng tin cho phat tridn ngudn nhan luc; xay dung va phdt tridn thi trudng tri thlie Kdt qua la Han Qude da thuc hien duge rdt tdt viec phdi hgp chat che giua cac eo sd dao tao, cdc vien nghien ciiu vd cac doanh nghiep viec du bdo eung edu lao dong nhdn luc hanh chmh cdng, chidn luge pliat trien giao due dai hgc cao dang vd lien kdt vdi boat ddng nghien cdu, chidn luge phat tridn ddi ngii gido vien, chidn luge phat trien hgc sudt ddi d Ailen, cd mdt co quan chuyen du bao xu hudng viec lam vd dinh liudng nghe nghiep cho cac sinh vien cdc trudng dai hgc, cao dang Co quan hang nam CO cdc bao cao cong bd cdc ket qua du bao nghd nghiep va xu hudng nghd nghiep de cac doanh nghiep cung nhu cac trudng dai hgc ed ke hoach tuydn dung va kd hoach dao tao phii hgp dam bao thda man dugc eung va cdu Nhu vdy, dudi gde dd quan 1^ nha nude ve giao due va ddo tao dap ling nhu cdu xa hdi, Viet Nam cung cdn phai xay dung duge mdt chuong trinh giao due toan dien, chuydn ddn ttt phi'a eung sang dap ling cau lao ddng vdi chdt lugng cao, dap dng nhu cau hdi nhap va phat tiien cang sau rdng hien Mot sd de xu^'t viec xay dung chi tieu va danh gia nhu cau dao tao theo nhu cau xa hoi hien Thd nhdt, tiidng nhdt quan If nha nude tren phuong dien kiem tra, danh gid nang luc dao tao va chdt lugng dao tao cdc co sd giao due va ddo tao Thanh lap mdt don vi cd dii chiic nang va nang luc de thuc hien nhiem vu Don vi se ban hanh cac tieu chi ehudn quoc gia ve viec danh gia chdt lugng ddo tao eua eae tiordng dai hgc Hang nam se cdng bd kdt qua danh gia ca vd phi'a ngudi hoc va vd phfa doanh nghiep sir dung lao Tai Cdng hda Sec, dd ddn tiudc ddng de xdp hang cdc tiiidng dai CO hdi va thue ddy hdi nhap hgc, cao dang, gido due nghd Viec cdng vao Lien minh chau Au (EU), hinh Uianh mdt don vi nhu vdy se nude da xay dung va hoan cd tdc dung thuc ddy su canh tranh Chien luge phat tridn ngudn lanh manh giua cac co sd giao due nhdn luc (thdng 12-2000) Chidn hien nay, khdng phdn biet don vi luge la mdt bd phan cau cdng Idp hay ngoai cdng Idp, giiip cua Chuong trinh Thi trudng lao hinh mdt thi trucmg gido due ddng va phat tridn ngudn nhan lue lanh manh, cd chd't lugng Trong cac chidn luge thdnh phan, Thii hai, thdng nhdt quan ly nha dang chii y cd chidn luge phd cap nude vd he thd'ng giao due va dao tieng Anh, chie'n luge cai tiiien tao hien Viec tdn tai song song 50 hai he thdng day nghd Men hai Bd Gido due va Dao tao va B6 Lao ddng, Thuong binh va Xa hdi Men gdy khd khan cho vide quan ly nhd nude, ddng thdi gay khd khan cho viec hgp tiiiic hda hai he dao tao Cdn ed m6t quy chudn phd hgp vdi tieu chudii qude td dd chdt lugng ddo tao nghd va dao tao dai hgc cua Viet Nam dugc qude td edng nhan Thdba, cd co chdhuy ddng viec keu ggi va phdn bd ngudn vdn ddu tu cho giao due mdt each hgp ly Hien nay, viec xa hOi hoa giao due dang dugc d^y manh, rdt nMdu eae td chiic, don vi tham gia vao viec phdt tridn thi trudng giao due Thy nMen, CO chd dd keu ggi va phdn bd ngudn luc (nhan luc, vdt luc) ciia Nha nude vdn chua thuc su cd Meu qua Nhidu don vi ngoai cdng lap vdn chua dugc dd'i xir edng bang nhu eae don vi edng lap Viec g i m sat chdt lugng dao tao cua cac ca sd cung cdn bi budng long ddn tdi chdt lugng dao tao cd vd'n dd Ngoai ra, tMdt Idp ca chd huy ddng va phan bd ngudn lue eung ddng then Id mot kenh dd ttiiie ddy su phat tridn cLia hinh thiic ddi tdc cdng tu giOa Nha nude va tu nhdn viec phat tiidn thi trudng gido due d Viet Nam." Tai lieu tham khao / Ludt Gido diic 2005 vd Ludt siki ddi, bo sung mdt so dieu cua Luat Gido due 2009 Chien lucfc phdt trien gido due Viet Nam giai doan 2011-2020 Quy hoach phdt trien nhdn luc Viet Nam giai doan 2011-2020, tdm nhin idi 2030 Nghi quyet sd 29 NQITW 4/11/2013 ctia Hoi nghi lan thiiS BCH TW Ddng khoa IQ ve dSi cdn bdn, todn diin gido due vd ddo tao, ddp Ang yeu edu CNH HDH dieu kien kinh te thi trUdng dinh hi0ng xd hdi chd nghia vd hdi nhdp kinh te qud'c ti' Ddc diem mdi trudng kinh doanh d Viet Nam - Ket qud diiu tra doanh nghiep nho vd vUa nam 2011 Ciem, DoE, ILSSA vd UNU-WIDER Nhd xudt bdn Lao ddng - J^ hdi 2012 Mot sd'tdi lieu khdc ... thdng tin vd nhu cdu dao tao ciia thi trudng Neu cac co sd dao tao khong cd cdc thdng tin nay, hg se chi cung edp nhiing gi hg cd ehii khdng the dao tao theo nhu edu cua thi trudng Nhu vay, d day... lao ddng vdi chdt lugng cao, dap dng nhu cau hdi nhap va phat tiien cang sau rdng hien Mot sd de xu^''t viec xay dung chi tieu va danh gia nhu cau dao tao theo nhu cau xa hoi hien Thd nhdt, tiidng... sau dai hgc, cung edp cho ngudi hoc nhung ky nang, phuong phap, kidn thiic dd cd the ddp iing duge nhflng yeu cdu td''i tiiieu tdt nghiep Dudi gde dao tao theo nhu cdu xa hdi thi cac eo sd gido