TAPGHiCONCTHIftfNe CONG ITCIC QUOC TE VE QUYEN CUA NGlTCil KHUYET TAT VA VIEC GIAM SAT THlJC THI * NGUYEN NGQC LAN T M TAT: Tai Viet Nam, ngiTdi khuyet tat (NKT) chiem khoang 7,2% dan so toan quoc (so lieu th6'ng ke nam 2017) Lien hdp quoc va cac l6 chu'c qu6'c te da ban hanli nhieu van kien nham thiic day Quy^n cua NKT, c6 Cong \S6c Quoc te ve Quyen cua NgiTdi khuyet tat (CRPD), mh Viel Nam da tham gia, quy dinh ca ve cd che giam sat thi/c thi cong ifdc De quyen ciia NKT di/dc dam bao, Viet Nam can lap cd quan nhan quyen quoc gia giiip thiic d^y vi^c thyc thi day du cong tfdc, bao dam c6 NKT la vien cua Uy ban Bai viS't phSn tich cac yeu cau dat vdi cac quoc gia viec thUc hien Cong Udc vl quyen cua ngu'di khuyet tat Tif khoa: Ngirdi khuyet tat Lien hdp qu6'c, Cong u'dc quo'c te^ ve quyen ciia ngifdi khuyet tSt, Cd quan nhan quyen quoc gia Khai quat lich su' ghi nh^n quyen cua ngifdi khuyet tat phap lu^t qud'c te Ngu'di khuyet tat la mot bo phan dan ci/, mot nhdm cau xa hoi Ho bat ciJdau va bat ky thdi diem lich siJ nao Theo thong kS cua To chiJc Y t6'The'gidi (WTO), ngifdi khuyet tat hien chie'm khoang 10% tdng so' vien nhan loai' Con d Viet Nam theo thong ke cua Bp Lao dong - ThiTdng binh - Xa hoi, hien c6 khoang 7,2 irieu ngu'di khuyet tat- tuf tuoi trd len chie'm 7.8% dan so tren tdng so'hdn 95 irieu dan (tho'ng ke niim 2017) Nam I98L Lien hdp qud'c da phat dong Nam quiic le \ c Ngifdi khuyet tat thdng qua Chifdng trinh hanh dpng vi Ngu'di khuyet tat nam I982\ vdi muc lieu Idi nam 2010 se \ac lip mot \a hpi cong b^ng cho lat ci moi ngifdi Den Lien hdp quoc cilng nhieu id chi?cqu6'c le khac da ban hanh nhieu vin kicn nham thiic da> quyen ciia ngifdi khuvci tat Trong dd dac biet la Cong ifdc 20 So 17-Thdng 7/2020 quo'c tg've quyen cua ngifdi khuyet tat (du'dc Dai hoi ddng Lien hdp quo'c thdng qua 13/12/2006, vdi muc dich nham bao ve cac quyen va nhan pham cua ngifdi khuyet tat).^ Quyen cua ngifdi khuyet tat cung difdc the hien Chifdng trinh hanh dpng ve ngudi khuyet tat (1982) cua Lien hdp quo'c va vSnkien cd ten la "Tieu chuan cdng bang cd hpi cho ngifdi khuye't tat" (1993) cua td chiJc cap khu vu'c khu vu'c chau My cd Cong u'dc Lien My ve viec xda bd moi hinh thtfc phan biet doi xiJ do'i \di ngu'di khuyg't tat (nam 1999) Cong u'dc quoc te ve quyen cda ngifdi khuye't tat (CRPD) ddi lii de bao ve va thuc day tot hdn quyen cua ngu'di khuye't tat Bdi cho den thdi diem Lien hdp qud'c thong qua cong ifdc (nam 20f)7) ngu'di khuye't tat d nhieu ndi tren the gidi van bi coi la ddi tudng nhan sif trd giup iCf xa hpi hdn la chu the ciia quyen ngifdi LUAT Sir ddi ciia CRPD la ket qua qu^ trinh van ddng cua cac td chu'c, nhdm va phong trao ciia ngUdi khuyg't tait Do sif van ddng nay, lien tiep cac nam 2004, 2005, Uy ban quyIn ngifdi ciia Lien hdp qudc da thong qua hai nghi quydt ve quyen ciia ngu'di khuye't tat Trong dd, cac nghi quyS't thuc giuc nhieu qud'c gia ngan ngtfa va cam ta't ca cac hinh thl?c phan biet dd'i xiJ chong lai nhiJng ngifdi khuyet tat, ddng thdi lap mot liy ban lam thdi de soan thao mot dilu u'dc quo'c te' ve van de CRPD difdc Dai hpi ddng Lien hdp qud'c thong qua vao thang 3/2007,= thidt lap cd che quo'c te' bao ve quyen cua 650 trieu ngifdi khuye't tat trSn toan the gidi Day la dieu u'dc qud'c tedau tien ve nhan quyen the ky XXI No da mang lai vi the va sif bao dam cho cac quyen ciia ngifdi khuyet tat, difa tren cd sd nhin nhan tinh trang khuyet tat nhif la mot va'n de ve quyen ngifdi chu" khdng phai la van de tif thien thuan CRPD cdn cd y nghla dac biet thay ddi each nhin nhan do'i vdi tinh trang khuye't tSt bang viec xem dd la mot van de xa hoi chij khdng phai la van de y te' va xac lap sif dich chuyen tii' phifdng thu'c tie'p can theo hifdng nhSn dao sang hu'dng nhan quyen** Ldi noi dau ciia CRPD neu muc dich ciia Cdng u'dc la "b^o ve, thuc day va bao dam cho ngifdi khuye't tat difdc hu'dng mot each binh dang va day dii tat ca cac quyen va tif c0 ban ciia ngifdi va thiic dS'y siJ tdn trpng pham gia vo'n cd ciia ho"' Nhif vay c6 thd hieu, CRPD thiic day va bao ve quyen cua ngu'di khuye't tSt tren tat ca cac khia canh ve kinh te', xa hoi, chinh tri, phap ly va van hda Tinh tdi nay, cd khoang 158 qud'c gia da ky tham gia, dd cd tdi 150 qud'c gia da phe chuan CRPD.^ Cac nguy§n tac va quyen cua ngi/di khuye't tSt CRPD 2.2 Cac nguyen t&c Theo phan loai ciia Td chu'c Y te the' gidi (WHO), cd miJc dd suy giam la khie'm khuyet, khuye't tat va tan tSt'^ Cdn theo quan diem ciia Td chiJc qudc te ngu'di khuyet tat thi ngu'di khuydt tat trd tan tat la bj thieu cd hpi dd tham gia cac hoat dpng xa hpi va cd mot cudc song gid'ng nhu' nhiJng ngifdi khac Vi v3y khuyg't tSt phan anh sir tifdng tac giifa cac tinh nang ciia xa hpi va cac tinh nang ciia cd the ma dd ngifdi khuyet talt sinh sdng'" Dieu cua CRPD l^n dau tien neu dinh nghla cu the ve ngifdi khuye't tat Luat nhan quyen qud'c te, theo dd: "Ngifdi khuye't tat bao gom nhu'ng ngifdi cd khie'm khuyet lau dai ve the chat, tam than, tri tue hoac giac quan ma tifdng tac vdi nhffng rao can khac cd the phu'dng hai den sy tham gia hiJu higu va trpn ven cua ho vao xa hpi tren cd sd binh dang vdi nhi?ng ngifdi Idiac" Mac dii cdn nhifng quan diem khac ve thupc tinh ciia khai niem "ngifdi khuye't tat", song viec Ian dau tien cd mot dinh nghia ve ngifdi khuyet tat difdc xac dinh Luat nhan quyen qud'c te c6 y nghia to Idn viec thuc day va bao ve quyen ciia dd'i tifdng tren the'gidi Ben canh dinh nghia ve ngu'di khuye't tat, CRPD da cd quy dinh cu the ve cac nguyen tac ehung ve quyen ciia nhdm xa hoi (Dieu 3) bao gom: "A Ton nhan pham von cd, quyen tu chii ciia cd nhan, co tu lua chon, vd ton sU doc lap cua cd nhan Khong phan biet ddi xH Tham gia vd hoa nhap iron ven va hHu hieu vdo xa hoi Ton svC khdc biet vd chap nhan ngUdi khuyet tat Id bo phan cua nhan loai co tinh da dang Nguyen tac binh dang khdng phan biet dd'i xu* cdn difdc quy dinh cu the dieu ciia CRPD Dieu dat yeu cau vdi cac qud'c gia vien phai thu'c thi nhiJng bien phap thich hdp de ngan ca'm moi sif phan biet dd'i xiJ di/a tren cfi sd khuyet tat va bao ve mot each hieu qua nhifng ngu'di khuydt tat khoi moi hinh thu'c phan biet dd'i xii Ngifdi khuyet tat cd nhi?ng quyen cd ban gid'ng nhif nhiJng ngu'di khac xa hpi, tren tS't ca cac linh vifc dan sif, chinh tri, kinh te, xa hdi, van hda Cu the nhu': Quyen sd'ng; quyen binh dang trifdc phap luat va difdc phap luat bao ve mot each binh ddng; quyen ti/ va an toan ca nhan; quyen tif di lai; quydn difdc giao due; quyen du'dc cham sdc site khde; quyen binh dang ve lao ddng va viec lam: quyen tham gia cac hoat ddng van hda vui chdigiai tri, the thao; quyen difdc hd trd de phuc hdi chitc nans, quyen difdc hda nhap va hd trd de hda nhap vao cong ddng; quyen difdc ho trd viec di lai " So 17-Thang 7/2020 21 TAP CHi CONG THtfifNG 2.2 Mgt sd quyen cua ngUifi khuyet tat CRPD 2.2.1 Mot sd quyen ddn sU, chinh tri Quyen sdng Day du'dc coi la quyen tdi cao, khong difdc phep tiiy tien vi pham, tham chi ca tinh trang khan ca'p de doa den van menh qud'c gia'- Quyen difdc quy dinh tai Dieu Tuyen ngon qud'c te Nhan quyen (UDHR), va Dieu Cdng ifdc dan sif chinh tri (ICCPR) Quyen sdng cung difdc de cap cac Dieu 10, 11 cua CRPD Ngoai nhifng ndi dung thdng thu'dng, do'i vdi ngifdi khuyet tat, quyen cdn bao gdm viec difdc bao ve vk ho trd nhifng tinh hud'ng khan cap nhif xung ddt vu trang, tham hpa thien nhien, Cu the, tai Dieu 10 CRPD quy dinh: "Cac quo'c gia vien khang dinh mOt l^n nifa rang, moi ngu'di cd quyen difdc sdng va se tidn hanh moi bien phap can thie't de b^o dam cho ngifdi khuyet tat du'dc hifdng mot each hieu qua quyen tren cd sd binh ding vdi nhifng %gitcf\ khic" Quyen binh dang trudc phap luat va duac phap lu^t bao vi mot cdch binh dang Day la mot nhu'ng quyen dan sif chinh tri quan cua eon ngu'di ndi ehung va cua ngu'di khuyd't tat noi riSng Dieu ICCPR khang dinh "Moi ngifdi deu binh dang trifdc phap luat va difdc phdp luat bao ve mot each binh ddng ma khdng cd bat ky sif phan biet nao "; Dieu 14 ICCPR cung neurd: "Moi ngifdi deu binh dang trifdc cac tda an vtSi cd quan tai phan" Quyen cung difdc ghi nhan tai Dieu 12, 13 CRPD Quyen duoc ludo di lai ludo Ufa chon qudc lich va nai sinh sdng Quyen cd y nghla quan trpng eho sif phat trien ea nhan, ddng thdi la tien de eho phat tnen xa hpi- Day la quyen dan sif cd ban, ap dung ehung cho tat ca moi ngifdi, dd cd ngu'di khuye't tat Quyen difdc quy dinh tai Dieu 18 CRPD dd nhan manh khdng cd the bi tifdc bd cac quyen chi vi ly hp bi khuye't tat, cu the cac van de nhu'cap sd hffu, SIS'dung cac gia> td iu\ than, hd chieu xuat nhap canh ha> viec dang k\' khai sinh, 2.2.2 Moi so quyen kinh ic .vd hdi van hoa Quyen cd nnic sdng thii h ddng vd duac bao tra xd hQi Dieu 2SCRPDqu\ dinh ngifdi khuvei tat cung difpe hifdng cac quyen na> ma khdng hi phan biet 22 S6'17-Thdng 7/2020 dd'i xijf vi li khuye't tat Khdng chi vay, cac quoc gia vien CRPD phai thifc thi nhCfng bien phap cdn thie't dd bao dam cho ngifdi khuyet tat difdc tiep can vdi cac dich vu xa hpi hd trd cho hp, bao gdm cac chuTdng trinh bao trd xa hdi va giam ngheo, cac chu'dng tiinh cdng cong ve nha d, hu^ tri, phiic ldi xa hpi Quyen duac gido due Giao due la cdng cu quan de thi/c hien quyen ngifdi Dd'i vdi ngifdi khuyet tat, giao due cd y nghla ra't quan trpng vi nhd cd giao due, ngifdi khuyet tat difdc nang cao nhan thitc, md rpng cac quan he, cd hpi de hoa nhap vao cong ddng Nhan thiJe difdc tam quan trpng cua giao due dd'i vdi ngifdi khuye't tat, CRPD da yeu cau cac qud'c gia vien phai dam bao cd hdi hoc tap binh dang cho ngifdi khuyet tat moi ca'p va hinh thiJc giao due cQng nhu' phai trd giiip de ngu'di khuye't tat CO nhu'ng phu'dng tien, cd sd vat cha't, cdng ngh$ va phifdng phap giao due thich hdp Dieu cd nghla la, khdng du'dc tach ngudikhuyet tat khdi he thd'ng giao due ehung ciia qud'c gia, cung nhif khdng du'dc tu'dc bo quyen difdc giao due tieu hoc miln phi cua tre em khuye't tat Quyen duac chdni sdc svtc khde Tat ea mpi ngifdi deu cd quyen difdc hifdng miJc siJc khde cao nha't cd the dat du'dc de sd'ng mdt cudc sd'ng cd nhan pham; ngifdi khuye't tat cung khong nam ngoai nhu cau ve quyen Dieu 25 CRPD khang dmh "cac qud'c gia vien eua cdng ifdc thijfa nhan ngifdi khuyet tat cd quyen thu hifdng tieu chuan cham sdc siJc khde cao nha't co the ma khdng cd siJ phan biet do'i \ii vi 1\' khuye't tat Cac qudc gia vien cua cong Ifdc cam ket thifc hien cac bien phap phu hdp de dam bao ngu'di khuye't tat ed the tiep can difdc cac dich vu y te mang tinh nhay cam gidi, bao gdm phuc hdi chu'c nang cd lien quan den va'n de > te " Quyen duac hd tra de phuc hdi chiic ndng Day la quyen dSc thii cua ngifdi khuye't tat, nham tao dieu kien cho ngi/di khuyet tat co the dat difdc sif dpc lap d mtfc toi da nang life nghe nghiep xa hoi tinh than, the chat, va cd the hda nhap mot each iron ven d moi khia canh cua cupe song Td chiJc Lao dong qucTc te (ILO) vao nam 1983 da thdng qua Cdng ifdc so 159 dd cap td viec phuc hdi chrfc nang lao ddng cho ngifdi khuyet tat nham giiip ngifdi khuye't tat phuc hdi LUAT siJc khde de tiep tuc cdc quan he lao ddng mang lai thu nhap eho ban thSn Den nam 2006, CRPD difdc Dai hoi dong Lien hdp quo'c thong qua da dae biet coi trpng van de phuc hdi ehitc nang, khdng chi ^p dung vdi ngifdi lao ddng la ngu'di khuydt tat ma ap dung dd'i vdi mpi ngu'di khuyg't tat ndi chung'^ Theo Dieu 26 CRPD, de dat du'dc muc dich do, eae qud'c gia vien phai to chu'c Cling cd va md rdng cae dich vu cung nhu" ehifdng trinh hd trd phuc hdi chu'c nang cho ngu'di khuyet tat, dac biet la tren cac ITnh v\ic y td, viec lam, giao due va xa hpi, bao dam nhifng chu'dng trinh va dich vu nhif vay phai cd san, tien dung cho mpi ngu'di khuyet tSt, ke ca d c^c vung nong thdn va difdc cung cap eho ngufdi khuye't tat d giai doan sdm nha't, cd the difa tren nhu cau va kha nang ciia tifng ea nhan Quyen ve lao ddng vd viec lam Day la ITnh vu'c ma sif phan biet dd'i xijf tren cd sd khuyet tat didn phd bien va dai dang nha't eae qud'c gia, ty le ngifdi khuyet tat bj tha't nghiep cao gS'p hai den ba Ian ngUdi binh thifdng u nhiJng ndi ngifdi khuye't tat co viec l^m thi thdng thu'dng ho chi difdc lam nhifng cdng viee vdi miJc Iifdng thap va thifdng bi tach khdi thi tru'dng lao ddng Quyen lao ddng viec lam mot mat giup ngu'di khuyet tat tao thu nhap cho ban than minh, mat khae eon giup hp phue hdi chifc nang, hoa nhSp vdi cong ddng Dieu 27 CRPD yeu cau eae qud'c gia vien phai cam su" phan biet dd'i xiJ difa tren cd sd khuyd't tat viec tuyen dung, thue va nhan vao lam viec, tri viec lam, thang tie'n, dao tao nang cao trinh dp nghe nghiep, dieu kien lam viee, an toan va v6 sinh lao dpng, tham gia edng doan,,, Cd ch§' giam sat thtfc thi Cdng ufdc v^ Quyen cua ngifdfi khuye't t5t (CRPD) Cdng ifde ve Quyen eiia ngifdi khuye't tat (CRPD) du'dc Dai hdi ddng Lien hdp qud'c thong qua 13/12/2006, iie'p theo dd Nghi dinh thif khdng bat budc eua Cdng ifde'-* Cd hai hinh thifc cha'p nhSn sU rang budc dd'i vdi Cdng ifdc, la phe chua'n va gia nhSp Trong dd, gia nhap Cdng u'dc la sau cdng u'dc cd hieu life phap ly Viec thifc hien CRPD ddi hdi cac qud'c gia vien phai chi dinh mdt hoac mot so' cd quan nha nifdc lam dau md'i chiu trach nhidm ve cac va'n de lien quan de'n viec thi hanh Cong ifdc Cdng u'dc khdng quy dinh cu the mdt cd quan nao ma chi quy dinh thupc vao dieu kien, hoan canh cua nifdc minh ma cac qud'c gia vien tif xac dinh cd quan dau md'i TUdng tif, Cdng Udc eung quy dinh cac qud'c gia vien "chi dinh cd che' dieu phd'i ciia Nha nu'dc de tao thuan ldi cho cac hanh dpng lien quan vdi eae ITnh vifc khac va d cac ca'p dp khac nhau"'^ Viec giam sat thUc thi difdc quy dinh cu the Dieu 33 cua Cdng ifdc: "Phu hdp vdi he thd'ng phap ly va quan ly cua minh, qud'c gia vien tri, ciing co va chi dinh hoac lap d qud'e gia vien mdt khudn khd, dd cd mot hoac mot so' cd ehe doe lap neu thich hdp, de bao ve, thiic day va giam sat viec thi hanh cdng ifdc nay" Vdi cd che thifc hien va giam sat dpc lap, Cdng ifdc doi hoi cae qud'e gia vien phai tri, tang cifdng hoac thie't lap eae ed che dpc lap de thiic day, bao ve va giam sat viec thifc hiSn cdng u'dc va phai quan tam tdi Nguyen tac Pari'^ Cdng u'dc eung khuye'n khich sy tham gia cua cac to chu'c xa hdi, dac biet la cac td ehiJe ciia ngifdi khuye't tat, vao cd che giam sat doc lap viec thyc hien Cdng ifdc Cac vS'n dd/y§u cau dat vdi cac qud'c gia vide thUe hien Cong U'dc ve Quyen ciia ngi/oTi khuyd't t3t Nhu'da phan tieh d tren, sau Cong ifdc difdc mdt qud'c gia ky ket tham gia, quo'c gia can cd Id trinh de ndi luat hda nhifng quy dinh cua Cdng u'dc va xay difng, hoan thien ke hoach nu'dc de thyc hien Cdng u'dc Viec phe chuan, lam hai hda giila ndi dung Cong u'dc va phap luat quo'c gia, la nhiJng bu'de khdi dau eho qua trinh hien thyc hda cac quyen ciia ngifdi khuye't tat Dieu lien quan tdi trach nhiem td chtfc thyc hien Cdng ifde ciia cac qud'c gia vign, trach nhiem thyc hien phap luat ciia Nha nu'dc cung nhif viec tuyen truyen giao due nang cao nhan Ihtfc xa hoi, trach nhiem cua cdng ddng, cac cd quan, ea nhan De cd the thyc hien day dii va hieu qua cdng u'dc, cac qud'c gia thSnh vien can phai luti y va can nhac tdi mot so'van de sau: Thii nha't day la cdng ifdc qudc te, difdc hinh dya tren nhffng chuan myc cd ban cua qud'c te, nen de thyc hien ca'p quo'c gia, qud'c gia vien can tie'n hanh \iec ndi luat hda nhifng quy dinh ciia edng ifdc vao he thdng phap luat nifdc minh Can dam bao he thd'ng phap luat nifdc phai nha't quan vdi nhiJng quy dinh cdng ifdc'^ Trong qua trinh lap phap, xay dyng nhiJng quy dinh lien quan tdi ngydi khuyet tat can So 17-Thang 7/2020 23 TAP CHJ CONS THtfdNfi p h a i khuye'n khich s y t h a m gia ciia cdng d d n g ngifdi k h u y e t tat, vi khdng cd the hieu ve ngifdi khuyd't tat b a n g chinh h o Thii hai, thyc hien triet d e va day dii nhifng quy dinh cua e d n g ifdc lien quan tdi q u y e n cua ngifdi khuye't tat, d a c biet la e a e dieu khoan d a c thii nhif D i e u 26 ve Phuc hdi chtfc n a n g , Dieu ve T i e p eSn, Dieu 24 ve G i a o due, Dieu 27 ve Lao dpng Viec lam, D i e u 12 ve Binh d a n g tnfdc p h a p luat D a y la ITnh vyc d a c thu lien quan trifc tiep tdi q u y e n ciia ngifdi khuye't tat m a can phai difde thyc hien d a y dii r/ii^foa, cac qud'c gia t h a n h v i e n p h a i t h a n h lap Uy ban ve q u y e n cua ngifdi khuye't tat, hay cdn gpi la U y ban qud'c gia de thifc thi C d n g ifdc V i e e thyc dii C d n g ifde khdng chi doi hdi can p h a i cd c a c luat va chinh sach phu h d p , m a c a n ed n g u o n tai chinh d a m b a o cung nhif kha n a n g thyc hidn e a e luat va chinh sach C d n g u'dc khuye'n khich e a e qud'c gia vien xac dinh m d t cd c h e dieu phd'i d cac ca'p dd khae n h a u tif dia phu'dng tdi Trung u"dng'\ d a m b a o s y t h a m gia c u a ngu'di khuye't tat, td ehtfc ciia ngifdi khuye't tat v a e a e td chtfc xa hdi k h a c • T A I L I P U TRICH D A N : 'Theo Hoi bao trd Ngifdi khuye't tat va tre md coi Viet Nam (2018) (hitpV/asvho vn/m60-co-so-du-lieu-venguoi-khuyel-lal-nhung-van-de-con-bat-cap), Iruy cap 26/11/2018 ^Theo Hoi nghi sd ket thang dau nam 2017 cua Uy ban quo'c gia ve ngifdi khuydt tat Vigt Nam (2018) •.(http://www.moli.'sa.gov vn/vi/Pages/ChiTiet.aspx?lDNews=26790), iruy cap 26/11/2018 ^United Nations (2007) From Exclusion to Equality: Realizing the rights of persons with disabilities, chapter 2, page ^United Nations (2014) The convention on the right of person with disabilities CRPD^Training Guide, No 19, page 21 'Nguyen Dang Dang, Vu Cong Giao \k La Khdnh Tung (2014) Giao trinh Ly luan va phap luat ve QCN tai b i n l^n thii' 2, NXB Chinh tn quo'c gia, trang 287 'Cdng Ifdc Qudc te ve Quyen ciia Ngifdi Khuyet tat 123/12/2006 cua Dai hpi ddng Lien hdp qudc '•'"•United Nations (2014) The convention on the right of person with disabilities CRPD_TrainingGuide No 19 Module 6, page 97 "United Nations (2007) From Exclusion to Equalit)': Realizing the rights of persons with disabilities page 73 -United N.n1on^ (2007) From E^cU,^u>n to Equalil> Realizing the rights of persons with disabilities! page 94' TAI LI^:ii T H A M K H A O : Andrew byrnes (2015) From Exclusion to Equalin- Realizing 'lie rights of person w ith disabilities nation' 24 S6'17-Thdng 7/2020 United LUAT UN-DESA, OHCHR IPU (2007) FromExclusion to Equality; Realizing therightsof persons with disabilities (Handbook for Parliamentarians on the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and its Optional Protocol), htlp://www un.org/disabililies/documents/toolaclion/ipuhb.pdf United Nations (2009) General Comment No 20 United Nations (1994) CESCR General Comment No 5: Persons with Disabihties Khoa Luat Dai hoc Qudc gia Ha Noi (2011), Cac van kien qudc le ve quyen ngudi, Nxb Lao dpng - Xa hoi Khoa Luat Dai hoc Qudc gia Ha Noi (2012), Luat Nhan quyen qudc le, nhiing vdn de ca ban, Nxb Lao dpng Xa hdi Khoa Luat Dai hoc Qudc gia Ha Npi (2010), QuySn ngudi: Tap hdp nhSng binh luqn/khuyS'n nghi ehung cua Uy ban Cong udc Lien hap qudc, Nxb Cong an nhan dan Tru'dng Dai hoc Luat Ha Npi (201 \), Gido trinh Lugi Ngudi khuyet tat Viet Nam, Nxb Cong an nhan dan Li6n hdp qudc (2018) Cong ifdc Qudc td ve quydn cua ngu'di khuyet tat (ban dich tieng Viet) , truy cap 26/11/2018 10 Cac cd che quy dinh theo cic Cdng ifdc NhSn quyen , truy cap 26/11/2018 Ngay nh$n bai: 12/6/2020 Ngay phan bi^n danh gia va suTa chffa: 22/6/2020 Ngay chap nhSn dSng bai: 2/7/2020 Thong tin idc gia: ThS NGUYEN NGQC LAN Trung tam Nghidn crfu va Ttf va'n Khoa hoc Quan tri GES THE CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES AND THE IMPLEMENTATION • Master NGUYEN NGOC LAN GES Center for Governance Science Research and Consultancy ABSTRACT: According to the 2017 statistics, persons with disabilities account for about 7,2% total population in Vietnam The United nations (UN) and many international organizations have issued regulations to promote the rights of persons with disabilities, including the Convention on the rights of persons with disabilities Viemam has adopted this convention and this convention also regulates the enforcement mechanism In order to ensure the rights of persons with disabilities, it is essential for Vietnam to establish a national human rights institution and the institution's committee should have persons with disabilities in order to promote and fully implement the convention This article analyzes requirements for Vietnam in implementing the Convention on the rights of persons with disabilities Keywords: Persons with disabilities, the United Nations, Convention on the rights of persons with disabilities, national human rights institution So 17^ Thang 7/2020 25 ... lap neu thich hdp, de bao ve, thiic day va giam sat viec thi hanh cdng ifdc nay" Vdi cd che thifc hien va giam sat dpc lap, Cdng ifdc doi hoi cae qud'e gia vien phai tri, tang cifdng hoac thie't... den ba Ian ngUdi binh thifdng u nhiJng ndi ngifdi khuye't tat co viec l^m thi thdng thu'dng ho chi difdc lam nhifng cdng viee vdi miJc Iifdng thap va thifdng bi tach khdi thi tru'dng lao ddng... S6'17-Thdng 7/2020 dd'i xijf vi li khuye't tat Khdng chi vay, cac quoc gia vien CRPD phai thifc thi nhCfng bien phap cdn thie't dd bao dam cho ngifdi khuyet tat difdc tiep can vdi cac dich vu xa hpi hd