NHA NUCtC VA PHAP LUAT THU TUC PHUC THAM VU AN HANH CHINH T h S L6 Thi Mtf Gidng vign Dgi hoc Ludt Tp HCM Thong tin bdi vi^t: Tie khoa: Thii tyc phdc th4m vy an hdnh chinh, Ludt T6 tyng hdnh ehinh Lich sit bdi viet: Nh^nbdi : 10/7/2020 Bientlip : 28/7/2020 Duy^tbdi : 03/8/2020 Article Infomation: Keywords: Appellate Procediu^s for Administrative Cases, Law on Administrative Procedures Article History: Received : 10 Jul 2020 : 28 Jul 2020 Edited : 03 Aug 2020 Approved T T6m tSt: B^ vilt cung c^p th6ng tin ^ rd c ^ diem ban che bit c^p quy dinh ciia Lu^t T6 tyng hanh chinh h i ^ hkth ve thu tyc phuc tham vy an h^inh chinh, \k cdc k i ^ nghi hoan thif n Abstract: This article is focused on clarifications of the shortcomings and inadequacies of the current Law on Administrative Procedures on appellate procedures for administrative cases, and also provides recommendations for further improvements hu tyc phiic th4m vu dn hdnh ehinh Id m0t chl dinh eiia Lugt T6 t\mg hdnh chinh Ben egnh nhiing mat tich e\rc, quy djnh cua Ludt T6 t\mg hdnh ehinh nam 2015 (Lu$t TTHC) vl thii tuc phiie th^m cdn m$t s6 han che, bat cgp can dupe sua doi, bo sung sau: Vl phi^n hpp xii khdng nghj qud h^n cua Vi^n kiem sdt Khdng nghi vy dn hdnh chinh theo thu t\ic phiic tham la quyIn cia Vipn trudng Vipn kilm sdt ciing c4p hogc Vipn trudng Vipn kilm sat cap tren tryc tiep Khi khdng nghi, chii the khdng nghi pbdi ddp ling cdc dilu kipn vl ndi dung, thii tpc hinh thirc phdp ludt quy dinh Can cii quy dinh cua cdc Dilu 211, 212, 213, 214 Lugt To tving hdnh chinh (Ludt TTHC), ddi tupng khdng nghi phdi Id bdn an, quyet dinh so tham chua cd hipu l\rc phdp lugt, hinh thiie eiia khdng nghi phai bdng quylt dinh khdng nghi vd ndm thdi han phdp luat quy dinh; trudng hpp Vien kilm sdt khdng nghi ma quylt dinh khdng nghi da qud thdi han theo ludt dinh, thi Tda dn yeu cdu Vipn kilm sat gidi thich bdng van ban vd phdi neu rd ly Hdi ddng xet xii xem xet bdng phien hpp xet khdng nghi qud hgn theo diem a khodn ^ E'ieu226' Di^u 213 Lu(it TTHC quy dinh: Thin h^n khdng nghj bdn dn so thdm ciia Vi?n kilm sat ciing cdp Id 15 ngdy, oiia Vi^n Kiem sdt c4p trfin tryc tilp Id 30 ngdy ke tir ngdy tuyen dn; then h ^ khdng nghi dii v6i quyet dinh S0 th4m ciia Vi^n kilm sdt ciing cap Id ngdy, cua Vi^n Kilm sat cap tren tryc tilp la 10 ngdy ke tu ngdy Vi§D Kilm sdt cung cap nh§n dupe quylt djnh Tnr6ng hpp, Vi^n Kilm sdt khdng nghi qud thdi h^n thi T6a dn yen cdu Vi$n Kiem sdt giai thieh bdng van ban vd neu ro ly ^ NGHltN CVU I i y S615(415)-T8/202OV_IAP P H A P " NHA NUOC VA PHAP LUAT Luat TTHC vd cdc van bdn hudng ddn thi hdnh mge du nhac den phien hpp xet khdng nghi qua han cua Vipn Kilm sat, nhung lai khdng cd bdt ky dieu khodn ndo quy dinh vl trinh ty, thii tuc, thdnh phan tham gia hay quyet dinh cua Tda dn fron^ phien hpp Bat cap ndy goi ba van de nhu sau: mdt Id, phdi chang mpi trudng hpp khdng nghi (]ud hgn eiia Vien Kiem sat deu Idm phat sinh thu tyc phuc thdm cho dii viec khdng nghi ^6 dupe tien hdnh chdm han nhilu so thdi han khdng nghi luat dinh cd the la khdng nghi sau 15, 20, 30 ngdy tinh tir thdi dilm hit thdi hgn khdng nghi?; hai Id, lieu rdng phien hpp xet khang nghi qud hgn ciia Vien Kilm sat ed duac tiln hanh tuang ty nhu phien hpp xet khdng cdo qua han ciia duang su duac quy dinh tgi Dieu 208 Ludt TTHC, hay Id Tda dn cdp phiic thdm khdng edn phdi tiln hdnh phien hop ndy^?; ba Id, nlu trudng hpp ly ciia Vipn kilm sdt dua khdng ehinh ddng, thieu thuyet phye thi Tda dn cd dupe quyIn tii ehdi khdng chdp nhan khdng nghi qua han hay khdng, nlu tir chdi hoae chap nhan thi thii tyc vd trinh tu se nhu the ndo? Chung tdi cho rang, vi?c khdng quy dinh ro rdng edch thiie xu ly cua Tda dn trudng hpp nhan dupe khdng nghi ^ud hgn eua Vien Kiem sat se dnh hudng den hogt dpng eua Tda an cdp phiic tham qud trinh xem xet khdng nghi qud hgn Do vay, cdc van bdn hudng dan thi hdnh Lugt TTHC can bd sung quy dinh ve phien hpp xet khdng nghi qud han cua Vipn kiem sdt Vl vien dan tai khodn Dilu 228 Ludt To tyng hanh chinh de quy dinh can cii tam dinh chi x6t xu phuc thdm Tam dinh chi xet xii phuc thdm,vv a^ hdnh chinh la vipe Tda dn cdp phuc tham kiu cd nhiing can cu luat dinh se quy^t o i ^ tam diing vipe gidi quylt phuc tham yu an hdnh chinh; viec gidi quylt phuc thdm se duac tilp tuc can cii tam dinh chi dupe khac phuc Theo dd, Tda dn cap phde tham se quy^t dinh tam dinh chi x6t xit phiie thdm dieo quy dinh tgi khodn Dieu 228 Ludt TTHC: "Tda dn cdp phuc thdm quyitdinh tam dinh chi xet xir phuc thdm vu dn, hdu qud cua viec tgm dinh chi xet xH phuc thdm vd tiep tuc xet xuphuc thdm vtf dn duac th\ec hien theo quy djnh tgi Dieu 141 vd Diiu 142 cda Lugt ndy" Nhu vgy, can ed tam dinh chi xet xii phiic thdm, hgu qud cua vipe tam dinh ehi xet xii phiie tham dupe vien dan den can cii vd hgu qua cua vice tam dinh ehi gidi quylt vy an tai Dilu 141, 142 Lu^t TTHC Chiing tdi cho rang, viec dan chi£u todn bp nhu vgy la chua chuan xdc, Idm sai Ipeh ban chit vd hdu qud eiia quyet dinh tgm dinh chi xet xu phiie tham Bdi le, khodn Dieu 141 Luat TTHC quy dinh: "quyit dinh tgm dinh chi gidi quyit vi^i dn cd the bf khdng cdo, khdng nghi ^heo thu tuc phuc tham", jchi dd khodn Dilu 228 Ludt TTHC lai khdng dinh "quyit dinh tgm dinh chi xet xuphuc thdm cd hiiu luc thi hdnh " Tir dd cho thdy, ban than ndi dung khodn vd khodn ciia Dilu 228 Ludt TTHC ed sy mdu thuan vdi qay dinh ve hdu qua ciing nhu hieu luc ciia quyet dinh tam dinh chi x6t xu phiic thdm Neu dua vdo khodn Dieu 228 Luat TTHC tren co sd vi£n dan tdi Dieu 142 Ludt TTHC, thi quylt dinh tgm dmh chi xet xii phiic thdm ed the bi khdng cao, khdng Khodn 2, Dieu 208 Luat TTHC quy dinh phdn Hpi d6ng x6t khang cdo qua h^n Id Tham phdn, Phien hpp x6t khang cao qua han co sy tham gia ciia Vien kilm sdt cung cip va ciia duong sy khdng cdo qud han; trinh ty, dien tiln, thii tyc eua phien hpp xet khang cdo qud h?in Id: Nguoi khang cdo qua h^n phat bilu y kien; Vi?n kilm sdt ciing phdt bieu y kiln sau Hpi ding x6t khdng cdo qud h^m quyet djnh theo da so ve vi^ chap nhdn vifc khdng cao qua h ^ va phdi ghi ro ly ciia vi?c chip nh|n ho^c khong chip nhdn quylt djnh Quylt d;nh ndy dupe giii cho ngu£n khdng cdo qud h^n, Vi$n kiem sdt eiung c^^ -j-Qa an cdp so tham Cini 18 INGHICN LAP PHAP_ 's6l5t415)-T8/2020 NHA NUOC VA PHAP LUAT nghi theo thii tyc phiic thdm Nguae lai, n6u dya vdo khodn Dilu 228 Ludt TTHC thi quylt dinh tam dinh ehi xet xii phiic th4m khdng thi bi khdng cdo, khdng nghi theo thii tyc phiic thdm vi bdn chit nd Id "sdn phdm" dupe ban hdnh giai dogn phuc thdm vd ludn dupe xdc dinh hieu lye ban hdnh Vi vay, vipe vi^n ddn todn bp Didu 141 Lugt TTHC d khodn Dilu 228 Ludt TTHC Id khdng phu hpp vdi giai doan phiic thdm, dnh hudng din hogt ddng dp dung va thi hdnh lugt cua Tda dn Chung tdi eho rdng, can s^a ddi khodn Dieu 228 Lugt TTHC theo hudng sau: "Tda dn cdp phuc thdm quyit dinh tgm dinh chi xet xu phuc thdm v^ dn, hdu qud cua vi4c tgm dinh chi xet xu phiic tham vd tiep tyic xet JJCU- phuc thdm v^ dn duac thuc hi4n theo quy djnh tgi khodn I Dieu 141 vd Dieu 142 cua Ludt ndy" v l quylt d}nh dinh chi x^t xu phiic th4m vy dn hdnh chinh NIU nhu tam dinh chi xet xii phuc thdm vy dn hdnh chinh chi Idm tgm diing viec gidi quylt phiic thim mpt khodng thdi gian, ttii dhih chi x6t xd phiic thdm lai Id co sd lam cham diit vi^c gidi quyet phiic tham; ket qud eiia bdn an so thdm, quyet dinh so thdm bi khdng cdo, khdng nghi se phdt sinh hieu lye phdp lugt vd dupe thi hanh Do hau qud nghiem trpng nhu vgy nen vi^c Tda dn ban hdnh quylt dinh dinh ehi x6t xd phiic tham ludn phdi dat "tdm the" than trpng, ky ludng trdnh trudng hop ban hdnh khdng chinh xac, gay dnh hudng tryc tilp den duang su khang cdo vd Vien kiem sat khdng nghi Luat TTHC dl cap din quylt dinh dmh ehi xet xii phiic thdm tdn man d vdi dieu khodn nhung tap trung nhat d Dieu 229 Ludt TTHC Nhin chung, ve can cii, thdi diem vd tham quyIn ban hdnh quylt dinh dupe quy dinh tuang doi cu the, ro rang Tuy nhien, chiing tdi nhdn thdy vdn tdn tai mdt sd bdt cap sau: Mpt Id, cdn cura ^uyet dinh dinh chi xet xuphuc tham giiia diem d khodn Diiu 229, khodn Diiu 241 Ludt TTHC Id chua chinh xdc vd thiiu ddng bp vdi khodn Dieu 225 Ludt TTHC Ve nguyen tdc, duac Tda dii trieu tdp hpp Ip thi ngudi khdng cao phdi cd mat tai phien tda xet xu phiic thdm de thye hien cde quyen, nghia vu td tyng, song thye te nhieu trudng hap ngudi khang cdo khdng the ed mat tai phien tda vi nhiing ly khdc Tuy theo nhiing Ian trieu tap, phdp lugt TTHC cung ed nhiing quy dinh ey the de xd ly hgu qud eua vipe ngudi khdng cdo vang mat tgi phien tda phiie thdm RiSng d6i vdi trudng hpp ngudi khdng cdo vang mat tai phien tda duac Tda an tripu tgp hpp IS ISn thii hai cd the dan den hgu qud Tda an se quylt dinh dinh ehi xet xd phiic tham ddi vdi phdn md hp da khdng cdo Ve npi dung nay, Ludt TTHC danh dieu de quy dinh: dilm a khodn Dieu 225; diem d khodn Dilu 229; khodn Dilu 241 Tuy nhien, giiia cde dilu khodn lai khdng thdng nhdt vdi nhau, cho du cung quy dinh ve each thiic xir ly hdu qud ngudi khdng cdo vang mat duac trieu tgp hop le Idn thii hai Cy thi: theo quy dinh ciia diem a khodn Dieu 225 Ludt TTHC, Tda dn quylt dinh dmh chi gidi quylt ndi dung khdng cdo ciia ngudi khdng cdo, nlu hp dugc Tda an tripu tap hpp le Idn thii hai md vdng mat khdng vi su kien bdt khd khang, trd nggi khach quan, khdng cd ngudi dgi dien hop phdp tham gia phien tda, khdng cd dan xin xet xu vang mat', dd, dilm d khodn Dilu 229 Ludt TTHC quy dinh: Tda dn phiic thdm ban hdnh quylt dinh dinh chi xet xii phiic thdm neu ngudi khdng cdo vdng mat dupe Tda dn Xem chi tilt diem a khoan Dilu 225 Lu^t TTHC va khodn Dieu 225 Ludt TTHC S615(415}-T8/2020^LAP P H A P NHA NUOC VA PHAP LUAT tripu t9p hop Ip Ian thii hai khdng vl sy kipn thu hai md vdn vang mgt, trie trudng hpp"^ bdt khd khdng, tid ngai khdeh quan, khdng de nghi Tda dn xet xur vdng mat hogc trtrcmg cd don xin xet xu vang mar*, va khodn hpp cd su kipn bdt khd khdng, trd nggi khach Dilu 241 Ludt TTHC quy dinh: "Hdi ddng quan hogc cd ngudi dgi di4n hpp phdp '"^^ xet xuphuc tham quyet dinh dinh chi xet giaphiin tda" xiephuc thdm neu viec xet xiephuc thdm cdn 3) Bd khodn Dilu 241 Ludt TTHC, vi phdi cd mat ngudi khdng cdo vd hp da duac quy djnh ndy viia khdng hpp ly vira khdng tripu tap hpp le din Idn thie hai md vdn vdng can thilt Can cii dinh chi x6t xu da dupe mat, trudng hap ndy bdn dn sa thdm cd hieu quy dinh ey thi ddy dd tgi Dilu 229 Lugt luc phdp ludt" Nhu vgy, cdc dieu khodn quy TTHC Mat khdc, phdn cuoi cua khodn dinh vl can cii quylt dinh dinh chi xet xir Dilu 241 Lugt TTHC khdng dinh "Trong phiie thdm trudng hap ngudi khang trudng hpp ndy bdn dn sa thdm cd hipu luc cdo vang mgt dupe Tda dn tripu tap hpp phdp lugt" Id chua chinh xdc^ Bdi le, Ip Ian thii hai Id khdng thdng nhdt Bdt cdp trudng hpp vy dn phdctiidmcd cd khdng cdo ndy khdng nhirng Idm cdn trd quyen tham cua duang sy vd cd khdng nghi ciia Mpn gia td tung ciia ducmg sy md cdn gdy lung Kilm sdt md Tda dn quyet dinh dinh chi tung cho cac Tda dn van dung phdp ludt xdt xii phdc tham ngudi khdng cdo vang vdo thye tien xet xii Do dd, chiing tdi cho mat thi hi^u lye ciia bdn dn so thdm chua rang, can siia doi Lugt TTHC theo hudng chae da phdt sinh vi cdn phy thupc vdo thilt kl lgi cdc quy dinh tren eho thing nhit khdng nghi cua Vipn kiem sdt, neu Vipn nhu sau: kigm sdt khdng nit khdng nghi thi hipu lye ciia bdn dn so thdm khdng thi phdt sinh Do 1) Giii nguy6n quy dinh tai diem a dd, vipe lupc bd khodn ndy khdi Dilu 241 khodn 2, khodn Dilu 225 Luat TTHC, vi Lugt TTHC Id cdn thilt ddy Id quy dinh todn dien, chat che phu hpp, vda xii ly nghiem minh ddi vdi trudng hpp Hai Id, Dieu 229 Lugt TTHC chua quy ngudi khdng cdo cd thdi dp thd a, bdt hpp dinh vi hi4u luc cua quyet dinh dinh chi xet tdc vdi yeu cdu tripu tap cua Tda dn md vdn xuphuc thdm vu dn hdnh chinh bdo ddm dupe quyen Ipi tham gia td tung Neu quyet dinh dinh chi x6t xur phiic cho nhiing trudng hpp ngudi khdng cdo thdm dupe ban hdnh, thi ca h0i dupe tilp tyc vang mgt vi cdc ly chinh ddng, nhdm bdo bdo vp eua ngudi khdng cdo tai giai dogn ddm cho vipe gidi quyet vu dn lap thdi, diing phiic thdm cd thi se bi chdm diit, hi^u lye muc dich cua bdn dn, quylt dinh so thdm bj khdng cdo se dupe xdc dinh vd duang sy khdng cdo, 2) Can cii dinh chi x6t xir phiic thdm tai Vipn kiem sdt khdng nghi phdi ed trdch dilm d khodn Dilu 229 Lugt TTHC cdn nhipm tdn trpng thi hdnh, bdo ddm tmh dn phdi quy dinh lgi cho tuong thich vdi dilm a dinh vd trdt ty eira quylt dinh ndy Tuy nhien, khodn Dilu 225 Lugt TTHC nhu sau: Lugt TTHC lgi khdng ed bdt cii dilu khodn "Ngudi khdng cdo dupfc trieu tap hpp Ip idn Dilm d khoan Dilu 229 Lu^t TTHC: T6a dn cip phiic thdm se quylt djnh dinh chi xet xii phiic thim "Nguoi khdng cdo dupe tri?u tap hpp 1? Idn thir hai md v ^ vdng m^t, tni trudng hpp hp de ngh; T6a dn xet xu vang mdt hogc truang hpp c6 sy ki?n bat khd khdng, tr6 ng?i khdeh quan" Khodn Dieu 241 Lu§t TTHC quy dinh "Hpi d6ng xet xit phiic tham quylt dinh dinh chi xet xit phuc tham nlu vi?c x6t xit phuc thdm can phdi c6 mdt ogu6i khdng cdo vd hp da dupe tri^u t|p hpp 1$ d ^ i ^ ^^ hai md van vdng m^t, trudng hpp ban dn so tham c6 hi§u lyc phdp lu^t" o n INOHIIN cini I L A P P H A P _ / S 15 (415)-78/2020 NHA NUOC VA PHAP LUAT ndo xdc dinh hipu luc phdp lult ciia quylt dinh dinh ehi x6t xu phiic thdm Bk bdo ddm trdt tu thi hanh quylt djnh dinh ehi xet xii phuc ttidm vy dn hdnh chinh, chiing tdi cho rdng, Lu|it TTHC bo sung quy dinh vl hipu lyc cua quylt djnh dinh chi xet xii phuc tham, tgo sy thong nhat viec v$n dyng va thi hdnh phdp lugt, tuang thich vdi hi^u lye thi hdnh ciia quyet dinh tam dinh chi x6t xii phiic thim tai khodn Dilu 228 Luat TTHC Theo dd, khodn Dilu 229 Ludt TTHC can duac sda ddi nhu sau: "Quyit dinh dinh chi xet xir phuc thdm cd hipu luc thi hdnh vd phdi gui cho duang sie Vien kiem sdt cung cdp"^ Ve tnrdng h^rp ngudi khdi ki^n nit dtra khdi kifn tai giai do^n phuc th^m vy dn hdnh chinh Rut dan klidi kien Id quydn quylt dinh vd ty dinh dogt cua ngudi khdi kipn vu dn hanh ehinh, song vi^c thye hipn quyIn ndy d giai dogn so thdm, giai dogn phiic tham lgi khdng gi6ng Nlu giai dogn so thdm, ngudi khdi kien nit don khdi ki^n thi Tda an se quylt dinh dinh chi gidi quyet vy dn md khdng can cd sy ddng y cua ngudi bi kipn (diem b, e khoan Dilu 143 Lugt TTHC); cdn giai doan phiic thdm, vipe ngudi khdi kipn riit dan khdi kipn lgi phy thu$c vdo y kien cua ngudi bi kien, cua cdc duang sy khdc, tire la vipe nit dan dd khdng phdi Id dieu kien duang nhien de Tda dn cdp phdc thdm ban hdnh quylt dinh hiiy bdn dn sa thdm vd dmh chi gidi quyet vy dn hdnh chinh Cy thi, khodn Dilu 234 Ludt TTHC quy dinh: "trudc mdphiin tda hogc tgi phien tda phuc thdm md ngudi khdi ki4n nit dan khdi kipn thi Hpi ddng xet xie phuc thdm phdi hdi ngudi bi kipn cd ddngy hay khdng vd trudng hap md gidi quyet nhu sau: (a.) Niu ngudi bi ki4n khdng ddng y thi khdng chdp nhdn viec rut dan khdi kien (b) Duang su ddngy thi chdp nhdn vi4c nit dan khdi kien cda ngudi khdi kipn Hdi ddng xet xuphuc thdm quyet dinh huy bdn dn sa thdm vd dinh chi gidi quyit vu dn " Quy djnh ndy ed m0t sd dilm chua hpp ly sau: - Thu nhdt, sy khdng thdng nhdt phdn dau chi quy dinh: "ngudi khdi ki^n riit don khdi kipn thi Hpi ddng xet xu phiie thdm phdi hdi y kiln eua ngudi bj kipn", nhung dilm b khodn Dilu 234 lgi de cgp din su dong y ciia todn bd cdc "duang st/'\ Tiic la, quy dinh ndy thi Hpi ddng xet xir phuc thdm ngodi vipe hdi y kiin ciia ngudi bi kipn, cdn phdi hdiy kiin ciia cdc duang s^r cdn lgi khdc - Thir hai, Dilu 234 Luat TTHC ciing chua de cap den each xu ly cua Tda dn phiic thdm ngudi khdi kipn nit dan khdi ki$n tai phien tda nhung Tda dn khdng thi thye hien vipe hdi y kien eiia ngudi bi kidn vd ede duang su vi nhiing ngudi ndy deu khdng cd mat phien tda phiie thdm Nhiing thilu sdt se 1dm cho Tda an lung tiing xir ly tinh hudng, dan den vice dp dung phdp luat thieu thdng nhat De khac phyc ede han che tren, chiing tdi cho rang, can sua ddi, bd sung khodn Dieu 234 Luat TTHC nhu sau: "Trudc mdphiin tda hogc tgi phien tda phiic thdm md ngudi khdi kien nit dan khdi kipn thi Hdi ddng xet xie phiic thdm phdi hdi ngudi bi kien vd cdc duang s(f khdc cd ddng y hay khdng vd timg trudng hpp md gidi quyit nhu sau: u Ngudi bf kipn khdng ddngy thi khdng chdp nhgn vipe rut dan khdi kipn cda ngudi khdi ki4n; Xem thgm khodn Dilu 289 Bp Ludt TTDS Khodn Dieu Ludt TTHC "Duong sy vy dn hdnh chinh bao gom nguoi khai ki?n, nguoi bi ki?n, nguclfi c6 quyIn, Ipi nghia vy li6n quan" :2\ HOHIlN cini I 01 • AD BUAD C I NHA NUOC VA PHAP LUAT b Ngudi bi kiin vd cdc duang su khdc ddngy thi chdp nhdn viec rut dan khdi kiin cua ngudi khdi kiin Hpi ddng xet xiJt phuc thdm quyet dinh huy bdn dn sa thdm vd dinh chi gidi quyet vu dn Trudng hap ndy, duang su vdn phdi chiu dn phi sa thdm theo quyet dfnh cda Tda dn cdp sa thdm vd phdi chiu mdt nua dn phi phuc thdm theo quy dinh cua phdp ludt c Trudng hpp tgi phien tda md ngudi bi kipn, cdc duang su khdc vdng mat khdng cd ngudi dgi dien hpp phdp tham gia phien tda thi Tda dn se tgm ngimgphiin tda de Idyy kien cua hp vd quyet dinh theo diem a, b cua Ludt ndy phien tda duac md lgi" v l thim quyIn huy ban dn sv tham vd chuyin h6 so* vu dn cho Tda dn cSp sat thSm x£t xu lai Quy dinh eua khodn Dieu 242 Luat TTHC ve thdm quyen "huy bdn dn sa thdm vd chuySn ho so vu dn cho Tda dn cap so thdm x6t xir lai" cdn nhieu diem chua rd rang va thieu cy the: Mpt la, chua gidi thich thi ndo Id "vi phgm nghiim trpng vi thd t^c td t^ng" Mpt nhimg can cir de Tda dn cap phiie thdm hiiy dn sa tham trd hd sa vy dn eho Tda an cap so tham x6t xir lai la vipe Tda dn cap so tham ed vi phgm nghiem trpng vl thu tyc td tung Tuy nhien, Lugt TTHC vd cde van bdn lien quan ve tl tung hdnh ehinh chua xdc dinh rd nhu the ndo Id vi phgm nghi§m trpng vS thu tyc td tyng Chinh vi vgy, viec gidi thich ve npi dung cdn mang tmh chdt tiiy nghi, ehu quan eua Hpi ddng xet xu, lam eho vipe dp dung phdp lugt thilu ddng bp vd thdng nhat Hipn nay, cd mpt sd y kiln neu vl khdi nipm vi pham nghiem trpng thu tyc to tyng hdnh chinh nhu: ^ (1) "Vi phgm nghiem trpng thii^tuc to tyng Id nhung vi pham dnh hudng den vipc xdc dinh sy thdt cua vy dn khdng ehinh xac hogc xam pham nghiem trpng din quyen cua nhiing ngudi tham gia to tyng Nhiing vi pham vl thu tuc td tyng cua Tda an cdp so thdm bao gdm cd vipc chudn bi xet xii vd xet xir tai phien tda, vi dy nhu xdc dinh thdnh phdn tu cdch duomg sy khdng chinh xdc; thdnh phdn Hpi dong xet xii khdng diing quy dinh ciia phdp lugt; khdng gidi quylt hit cdc yeu cdu cua duang sy; xdc dinh thdm quyen eiia Tda dn khdng chinh xdc, vipc nghi dn khdng dung"*; (2) "Vi phgm nghigm trpng thii tyc td tyng Idm cho duang sy khdng thye hipn dupe quySn, nghia vy eiia minh dan den quyIn, nghia vu ciia hp khdng dupe bdo v§ nhu vi phgm vl thdm quyIn thy ly gidi quylt vu dn, ve thdnh phdn hpi dong xet xii, vi pham vS thii tuc tien hdnh phien tda'" Nhu vgy, cd hai y kien tren deu gidi thich vi pham nghiem trpng thu tyc td tyng hanh ehinh theo hudng xdc dinh hdu qud ciia nhung vi phgm thu tyc td tyng 1dm dnh hudng den quyen, Ipi ich hpp phdp eua duang su, vd deu dien gidi bdng cdch lipt ke cdc vi pham thu tyc td tyng cd tinh chat nghiem trpng Chung tdi eho rdng, vi pham nghiem trpng thu tyc td tung hdnh ehinh dupe hieu la vipe CO quan, ngudi tiln hdnh td tyng hdnh chinh qud trinh thy ly, gidi quylt vy dn hanh chinh khdng thye hipn hoae thye hi^n khdng diing, khdng ddy du cde trinh tu, thu tuc phdp ludt TTHC quy dinh 1dm anh PGS.TS Nguyen Canh Hpp (ehii bien), "Giai thich va binh ludn Lu|t To tyng hanh chinh nam 2015", Nxb H6ng Diic- Hpi Lu^t gia Vi?t Nam, nam 2017, tr.357 PGS.TS Nguyen Canh Hpp (chu bifin), "Giai thich vd binh ludn Lupt To tyng hanh chinh nfim 2015", Nxb Hong E)uc- Hpi Luat gia Vi?t Nam, ndm 2017, tr.368 CUU / 22 NGHltN L A P PHAP_ys4l5(415)-T8/2020 NHA NUOtC VA PHAP LUAT hudng din quyen, Ipi ieh hop phdp ciia duang sy, ngudi tham gia td tyng khdc hogc lam dnh hudng din viec xdc dinh su thgt khdeh quan, todn dien eua vu dn Hai Id, chua cd hudng ddn vi "chung cu mdi quan trpng md Tda dn phuc thdm khdng thi bd sung duac " Khodn Dilu 241 Lugt TTHC quy dinh, qud trinh xet xii phiie tham vu dn hanh chinh md Tda dn cdp phiic tham nhdn thay ed chiing ed mdi quan trpng vd khdng the thu thap bd sung dupe dl giai quyet vu dn thi Hpi ddng xet xir phiic thdm se dp dyng quydn han "hiiy bdn dn so thdm chuyen hd sa vu dn cho Tda dn cap so thdm xet xir lgi vy dn" Nhu v$y, mdu chdt de huy dn can eii la phdi cd sy xuat hipn ciia chiing cd mdi quan trpng md Tda dn cap phiic thim khdng the thu thap bd sung dupe Vay chiing cii mdi quan trpng la gi?"* Hien nay, Ludt TTHC vd cdc van bdn hudng ddn cung chua cd dieu khodn gidi thich rd rang Chinh vi the, tren thye te, cdc Tda an thudng cd nhiing cdch hieu khdc ve chiing cii mdi quan trpng, dan den vipc dp dyng phdp ludt giiia cdc Tda dn ciing thilu thdng nhat Chiing tdi eho rdng, can gidi thich chiing cii mdi quan frpng Id chiing cii 1dm thay ddi npi dung vy dn vd thda man hai dieu kien sau ddy: (1) Chiing cii duac Tda dn cdp phiic tham mdi phdt hipn da tdn tgi tii dau thy ly xet xir so thdm nhung Tda an cap sa tham vd duong sy khdng biet den su ton tgi eua chiing hogc chiing chua xuat hien Vipc khdng bi8t cdc chiing cii cd the Id nguyen nhdn khdeh quan Idm eho ed Tda dn so thdm vd duang su khdng biSt, song ciing cd thi mpt so ngudi tham gia td tung biet nhung cd y che ddu khdng cung cdp lam cho Tda dn sa tham khdng thi bilt duac Ngupc lai, ciing ed thi mpt hoae mpt sd hogc tat cd nhirng ngudi tiln hanh to tung biet ma che ddu, bd qua khdng xem xet chiing, 1dm chiing khdng dupe ton tai hd so vu dn"; (2) Vl mat thdi gian, ede chiing cii duac xem Id mdi lam thay ddi npi dung vy dn chung dupe Tda dn cdp phiic tiidm xet xu phuc thdm phdt hien sy ton tai vd sy quan trpng eiia chiing cii dd nhdm gidi quylt trie! de vu dn Vipc Tda dn phdt hien cd tdn tai chiing eii mdi cd the qua trinh Tda an nghien cuu hd so vy dn, xem xet va phdt hien sai lam ciia Tda an cdp sa tham khdng ddnh gid cdc ehirng cii dd hoae eung ed the Id ngudi khdng cdo, Vien KiSm sat khang nghi, ngudi cd quyIn Ipi, nghia vu lien quan khdng cdo, ngudi bdo ve quyen va loi ich hop phdp ciia duang sy bd sung ede chiing cu mdi nhung cdc chiing cii ndy Tda an khdng the xdc minh tgi phien tda dupc'^ Do dd, Tda dn cap phiie thdm phdt hi^n sy tdn tai cua chiing cii mdi thi phdi thu thap bd sung chiing eii mdi Khi Tda an cap phiic tham khdng the thu thap de bd sung dupe tai phien tda thi Hpi ddng xet xii phuc tham se quyet dinh huy ban an so tham vd yeu cau Tda an cap so tham xet xir so thdm lgi De khac phuc han che neu tren, chiing tdi eho rang van bdn hudng dan thi hanh Luat TTHC can bd sung quy dinh xdc dinh ro eac trudng hop dupe xem la "vi phgm nghiem trpng vi thu tuc td tung" va nhirng chiing cii dupe xem Id "chung cir mdi quan trpng md Tda dn phuc thdm khdng thi bd sung duac "M 10 Phan M^nh Himg (2010), Lugn van thgc sT "QuyIn huy ban dn so tham tl tung ddn sy Vi?t Nam", Tnicmg Djii hpe Lu^it H6 Chi Minh, tr.34 11 PGS.TS NguySn Canh Hpp (chii bien), "Giai thich va binh ludn Ludt T6 tyng hdnh chinh nam 2015", Nxb H^ng Diic- HOi Lu$t gia Vi?t Nam, ndm 2017, tr.393 12 Bdo cdo tham l u ^ ndm 2017 ciiaT6a an nhdn dan t6i cao, Nxb Cong an nhan dan, tr.56 NGHIlN Cini I S615(415)-T8/2020\^LAP P H A P 23