ANALYSIS OF THE SUGGESTED TRANSLATION OF CHAPTER 2 FROM THE BOOK “IRRATIONAL PERSISTENCE SEVEN SECRETS THAT TURNED A BANKRUPT STARTUP INTO A $231,000,000 BUSINESS” BY DAVE ZILKO, 2016

DUY TAN UNIVERSITY NGO THI HONG THAM – GRADUATION PAPER IN ENGLISH LINGUISTICS - 2022 FACULTY OF ENGLISH NGO THI HONG THAM AN ANALYSIS OF THE SUGGESTED TRANSLATION OF CHAPTER FROM THE BOOK “IRRATIONAL PERSISTENCE: SEVEN SECRETS THAT TURNED A BANKRUPT STARTUP INTO A $231,000,000 BUSINESS” BY DAVE ZILKO, 2016 GRADUATION PAPER IN ENGLISH LINGUISTICS DA NANG, MAY 2022 DUY TAN UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGLISH GRADUATION PAPER AN ANALYSIS OF THE SUGGESTED TRANSLATION OF CHAPTER FROM THE BOOK “IRRATIONAL PERSISTENCE: SEVEN SECRETS THAT TURNED A BANKRUPT STARTUP INTO A $231,000,000 BUSINESS” BY DAVE ZILKO, 2016 Major: English for Translation - Interpretation SUPERVISOR : NGUYEN THI KIM MAN, M.A STUDENT : NGO THI HONG THAM CLASS : K24NAB1 STUDENT CODE : 24203113146 DANANG, MAY 2022 Graduation Paper Supervisor: Nguyen Thi Kim Man, M.A hghh Student: Ngo Thi Hong Tham Code: 24203113146 i Graduation Paper Supervisor: Nguyen Thi Kim Man, M.A ACKNOWLEDGEMENT - To teachers at Duy Tan university! To my supervisor – Ms Man, M.A! During the process of completing this graduation paper, I have received a lot of advice, support, and help from my great instructors, family, and friends With that, this was a great opportunity to learn and broaden my horizon about different aspects of my major I would like to take this opportunity to express my sincere thanks and deep gratitude to my supervisor, Ms Nguyen Thi Kim Man She was enthusiastically guiding me during the process of the graduation paper My supervisor always gives me useful advice and valuable suggestions, correcting my mistakes Moreover, her kindful support and nice words aided me in resolving issues that arose during the translation process Secondly, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude to the teachers of Duy Tan University, especially the teachers of the Faculty of English who dedicated themselves to teaching me during my study and practice period Thirdly, I am indebted to my family members and my friends who were always beside me and supported me during my research completion They are the motivation that gave me greater strength Finally, I would like to thank all of the authors whose work was cited in my graduation thesis I wish all of you good health and happiness Yours sincerely! Student: Ngo Thi Hong Tham Code: 24203113146 Graduation Paper ii Supervisor: Nguyen Thi Kim Man, M.A STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP - This graduation paper contains no documents published elsewhere or extracted in whole or in part from the thesis that have been eligible for a grant degree or other diploma, except for the references mentioned in the body of the thesis Without proper acknowledgement in the thesis, no other person's work may be used This graduation paper not been submitted to any other higher education institution for the award of a degree or diploma Danang, May 2022 NGO THI HONG THAM Student: Ngo Thi Hong Tham Code: 24203113146 iii Graduation Paper Supervisor: Nguyen Thi Kim Man, M.A ABSTRACT - This graduation paper is about the Vietnamese translation of a book named “IRRATIONAL PERSISTENCE: SEVEN SECRETS THAT TURNED A BANKRUPT STARTUP INTO A $231,000,000 BUSINESS” originally published on April 4, 2016, by Dave Zilko Books about the story's entrepreneurs starting up in English or Vietnamese are always fantastic topics to study and explore the chance to contribute to something bigger than themselves; The strategies, methods, and just plain stubbornness that helped build a market leader In consequence, I decided to choose chapter two of the book to translate The graduation paper includes the theoretical background, the original version, the suggested translation, and the analysis of vocabulary and structures for the translation process Furthermore, the paper also including my difficulties and solutions in the translation Student: Ngo Thi Hong Tham Code: 24203113146 iv Graduation Paper Supervisor: Nguyen Thi Kim Man, M.A ABBREVIATIONS - SL : Source Language TL : Target Language SLT : Source Language Text TLT : Target Language Text P : Paragraph P : Page Student: Ngo Thi Hong Tham Code: 24203113146 v Graduation Paper Supervisor: Nguyen Thi Kim Man, M.A TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT iii TABLE OF CONTENTS v CHAPTER INTRODUCTION CHAPTER THEORETICAL BACKGROUND .6 2.1 Translation Theory 2.1.1 Definition of Translation 2.2 Types of Categories 2.2.1 Full vs Partial Translation .7 2.2.2 Total vs Restricted Translation 2.2.3 Phonological Translation 2.2.4 Graphological Translation 2.2.5 Transliteration 2.2.6 Free, Literal, and Word-for-word Translation 10 2.3 Principles and Methods of Translation 10 2.3.1 Principles of Translation .10 CHAPTER SUGGESTED TRANSLATION 17 CHAPTER 52 AN ANALYSIS OF THE SUGGESTED VERSION 52 4.1 Vocabulary .53 4.1.1 Words with multi-meanings 53 4.1.2 Words and phrases with no equivalent Vietnamese in dictionary 58 4.1.3 Synonyms .60 4.1.4 Idioms 61 4.1.5 Phrasal verbs 63 4.1.6 Specific terms .65 Student: Ngo Thi Hong Tham Code: 24203113146 Graduation Paper vi Supervisor: Nguyen Thi Kim Man, M.A Specific terms are words that name a specific idea, thing, person, or other entity using modifiers These words are used when you wish to confine your talk to a single topic Since they are special terms, they will have a certain meaning That's why I look up electronic dictionaries, as well as look up terms on the web, for definitions and explanations of some of these terms 65 Example 18: cash flow positive .65 “I wasn't surprised by that The raised eyebrows I was receiving from my accountant was an early indicator that Garden Fresh was at the time not exactly cash flow positive.” [P40; P.30] 65 In Oxford Learner's Dictionaries explains the meaning of each part: 65 4.2 Structures .66 4.2.1 Sentences in passive voice 67 4.2.2 Compound sentences 69 4.2.5 Dummy subjects: 75 CHAPTER DIFFICULTIES AND SOLUTIONS 77 5.1 Difficulties 77 5.2 Solutions 78 CHAPTER CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 80 6.1 Conclusions 80 6.2 Suggestions .81 REFERENCES SUPERVISOR’S COMMENTS Student: Ngo Thi Hong Tham Code: 24203113146 Graduation Paper Supervisor: Nguyen Thi Kim Man, M.A CHAPTER INTRODUCTION Rationale The journey of building your brand is also a long process to go up and develop Throughout that process, there are countless reasons to make your business-level strategy to be working as best you can With the success story of modern-day Detroit in the book “Irrational Persistence” fuels the entrepreneurial fire when reading this book In the book “Irrational Persistence”, the founders of Garden Fresh have built a lot of their strategic advantages into the product You will learn the actions needed to build into a product that everyone recognizes Besides, the strategies, methods, and stubbornness have helped two boys from Detroit build their brand and be ranked the top in the market On the other hand, the book tells of the “irrational persistence” of two entrepreneurs who have come up from not exactly cash flow positive This is like a precious story to convey to the reader the heartfelt things, it takes irrational persistence from these two guys to make decisions, and sacrifice themselves when building their brand Hence, Garden Fresh Gourmet, the story of two guys is an inspiration to the whole journey of us – the ways that you run all things also is a crucial problem In addition, this book provides precious knowledge of the awakening about the importance of strategies in business As a result, from the book, the reader draws a lot of meaningful lessons about “irrational persistence” from two entrepreneurs And this is also the reason why I chose this book – the business field, which has inspired me a lot to translate into Vietnamese They bring a lot of valuable things to the business And I hope my suggested translation can provide some experience and methods so that you can apply them to build your brand more and more developed Aims and Objectives Student: Ngo Thi Hong Tham Code: 24203113146 Graduation Paper 71 Supervisor: Nguyen Thi Kim Man, M.A offer value-priced options.” joined by a semicolon And here is analysis this sentence: Some offer luxury items or services S V ; some offer value-priced options S’ O Independent clause V’ O’ Independent clause My suggested version: Một số cung cấp mặt hàng sang trọng hay dịch vụ cao cấp; số đưa lựa chọn có giá trị [P98; P.51] 4.2.3 Complex sentences A complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and one or more dependent clauses While an independent clause can stand alone as a sentence, a dependent clause even though it has a subject and a verb cannot stand alone They often have to subordinate conjunctions such as because, since, after, although, even though if, until, while, or when or a relative pronoun such as that, who, or which… to connect clauses Complex sentences with adverbial clauses An adverbial clause is a dependent clause introduced by a subordinating conjunction The subordinating conjunction shows the relationship between the adverbial clause and the rest of the sentence in terms of time, place, reason, purpose, manner, result etc The adverbial clause functions as an adverb and gives an information about verb, adjective, or adverb Example 26: “When fresh vegetables ferment, they produce a gas.” [P70; P.41] When fresh vegetables ferment, they produce a gas S Student: Ngo Thi Hong Tham V S V O Code: 24203113146 Graduation Paper 72 Supervisor: Nguyen Thi Kim Man, M.A Dependent clause Independent clause  This is a complex sentence with adverbial time clause By which, “when” is used with function as a subordinate conjunction of time My suggested version: Khi rau tươi lên men, chúng tạo loại khí [P70; P.41] Complex sentences with noun clauses This type of dependent clause used to create complex sentences is the noun clause A noun clause is a dependent clause that functions as a noun or noun phrase It can be a subject, object, complement or in apposition to a noun There are three types of noun clauses: that-clauses, wh-word clauses, and if/whether clauses Example 27: “I asked Jack if he changed anything in our production process.” [P74; P.42] I asked Jack S V O if he changed anything in our production process S Independent clause V O A Noun clause  With this sentence, the noun clause “if he changed anything in our production process” functions as a complement of the sentence So I propose the translation as following: My suggested version: Tôi hỏi Jack liệu anh thay đổi q trình sản xuất khơng [P74; P.42] Complex sentences with Relative clauses Student: Ngo Thi Hong Tham Code: 24203113146 Graduation Paper 73 Supervisor: Nguyen Thi Kim Man, M.A Complex sentences can contain relative clauses These clauses are dependent clauses that modify a word, phrase, or idea in the main (independent) clause Also, relative clauses start with a relative pronoun such as who/whom, which (in which, through which, about which, for which), that, who/whom, whoever/whomever, whose, and sometimes where, when, what, why There are two kinds of relative clauses: defining relative clauses and nondefining relative clauses Example 28: “After trying it for a while, we realized it was bruising the onions, which fostered fermentation, which is not good for fresh salsa.” [P69; P.41] After trying it for a while, we realized it was bruising the onions, S’ Reduced adverbial clause S V V’ O’ O Main Clause which fostered fermentation, which is not good for fresh salsa S1 V1 O1 Dependent clause S2 V2 C Dependent clause Adjective clause  This complex sentence has two independent clauses and two dependent clauses The word “which” is a relative pronoun This sentence “which fostered fermentation, which is not good for fresh salsa” is a nondefining relative clause Student: Ngo Thi Hong Tham Code: 24203113146 Graduation Paper 74 Supervisor: Nguyen Thi Kim Man, M.A My suggested version: Sau thử thời gian, chúng tơi nhận làm bầm hành tây, dẫn đến thúc đẩy trình lên men, điều thực khơng ổn cho salsa tươi [P69; P.41] 4.2.4 Compound- Complex sentences In grammar, a compound-complex sentence is a sentence with two or more independent clauses and at least one dependent clause And an independent clause can be a sentence on its own while a dependent clause cannot These sentences help us express longer more complicated thoughts, with more parts than other sentences Example 29: “I typically ran our Garden Fresh board meetings, and at one of them we were discussing the Fortune 500 food companies that were starting to enter our deli space.” [P8; P.19] I typically ran our Garden Fresh board meetings, and S1 A1 V1 O1 Conj Independent clause at one of them we were discussing the Fortune 500 food companies A2 S2 V2 O2 Independent clause that were starting to enter our deli space S’ V’ O’ Dependent clause  There are two independent clauses “I typically ran our Garden Fresh board meetings” and “at one of them we were discussing the Fortune 500 food companies” linked by coordinating conjunction “and” With that, one Student: Ngo Thi Hong Tham Code: 24203113146 Graduation Paper 75 Supervisor: Nguyen Thi Kim Man, M.A dependent clause (relative clause) “that were starting to enter our deli space.” My suggested version: Tôi thường điều hành họp hội đồng quản trị Garden Fresh, số đó, chúng tơi thảo luận 500 công ty thực phẩm danh sách Fortune bắt đầu thâm nhập vào không gian quầy thức ăn [P8; P.19] 4.2.5 Dummy subjects: Sometimes, we could be seeing English clauses which are not imperatives must have a subject In English, sentences need to use “dummy” or “empty” or “artificial” subject, when there is no subject attached to the verb, and where the real subject is somewhere else in the clause It and there are the two dummy subjects used in English Example 30: “We adopted that mantra, as long as we're the best, there is going to a place for us in this world, as our brand standard.” [P12; P.20]  In this case, “there” was an empty subject And the real subject in this sentence refer to “a place for us in this world” Therefore, in order to make the sentence’s meaning, follow Vietnamese style, I translate it as “có”, and I changed the order of translation words to have a TLT more naturally My suggested version: Chúng áp dụng câu châm ngơn tiêu chuẩn thương hiệu riêng mình, người giỏi nhất, có vị trí thích hợp cho giới [P12; P.20] Example 31: “It was Annette, unknowingly but instinctively, who ultimately provided it for us.” Student: Ngo Thi Hong Tham [P7; P.18,19] Code: 24203113146 Graduation Paper 76 Supervisor: Nguyen Thi Kim Man, M.A  Similarly, this sentence has a dummy subject "It" The real subject is “Annette” With this relative pronoun, we can translate it or not depend on the context So for this sentence, I don't translate Morover, in order to make the sentence’s meaning adapt to the Vietnamese style, I decided to change a little bit in words’ order when translating My suggested version: Vô tình thâm tâm, cuối Annette tạo hội cho Student: Ngo Thi Hong Tham [P7; P.18,19] Code: 24203113146 Graduation Paper 77 Supervisor: Nguyen Thi Kim Man, M.A CHAPTER DIFFICULTIES AND SOLUTIONS 5.1 Difficulties During my four years at university, with my major, I have been taught many translation skills through theoretical as well as practical topics And hand in hand with that, translation and analysis skills are also needed for an accurate target text The subjects during the past time have supported each individual skill Therefore, more skills are accumulated and improved However, for any language, there is a barrier when translated into TL, and they all have their own characteristics and expressions Therefore, needing a target text to be translated accurately and clearly analyzed is a difficulty that I have faced during the translation process Besides, vocabulary, or sentence structure also affects the quality of the translation Therefore, in order to have a fluently translated version, it is natural for the translator to have in-depth knowledge of the content and the field to be translated That will result in the most accurate translation possible, and easier for the reader to understand Although I am a student majoring in English, in the process of translating I also encountered some cases Firstly, there are words that have no equivalent in Vietnamese Since these words not have a built-in meaning, we can easily look them up in a dictionary They just need to find a culturally appropriate translated version of both the content and meaning of the TLT Therefore, this is a business book, so it took me a lot of time to look up each category on online websites or needed friends to consult the meanings of words to have a target language version most relevant, clearest, conveys the meaning of the author Secondly, there are words with multiple meanings Because of the multi-meaningful nature, there are many different translation versions This made it very difficult for me to find an easy-to-understand translation that describes the author's intentions as accurately as possible Student: Ngo Thi Hong Tham Code: 24203113146 Graduation Paper 78 Supervisor: Nguyen Thi Kim Man, M.A Besides, grammatically I am also effort to analyze the most correct sentence structure Although in the past time, I also encountered many cases in the process of studying, until now, for sentence structure, especially the grammar of the combination of complex and compound sentences This is the kind of sentence that I find very difficult to analyze and translate correctly It's quite complicated, so in addition to looking up the meaning of words and structures on websites, I also asked for the help of friends to understand and master this grammar for better translation Another difficulty is that I realize that when translating from an SLT in English to a TLT in Vietnamese, it must escape the depth of the content That is necessary for a smoother and more natural TLT Because really the culture of both languages is completely different Therefore, in addition to looking up the meaning of words and analyzing the grammar of sentences, I have to try to find and use some sentences in Vietnamese to be as natural as possible Ultimately, what is needed for a good translation is to understand the author's intention and convey it according to the target language's culture So for this text, I have read it very carefully to find out and research to find the best-translated version However, to have the best TLT, these cases cannot be avoided 5.2 Solutions In addition to the difficulties that I encountered above, in the process of making this thesis, I also gained more experience from it There are difficulties and solutions to having this complete graduation paper It is also thanks to me that I have applied some solutions During the translation process, to be more efficient, I read the entire article verbatim to understand the main idea of the author before translating, Student: Ngo Thi Hong Tham Code: 24203113146 Graduation Paper 79 Supervisor: Nguyen Thi Kim Man, M.A then we can cover the context of the text and have an overview of the content content as well as the messages and meanings that the author wants to convey to the readers In addition, I make notes of all difficult words and phrases that are difficult to translate, and sentences with strange structures to learn on websites to avoid confusion and translate more accurately Besides, when translating difficult sentences, I will refer to articles on websites, opinions from friends, and teachers to have the most perfect translation In addition to consulting, I will look up more from the online websites of Oxford or Cambridge, and so forth Those are some solutions for me to apply to make a thesis Although the word count of the translation is long, thanks to these solutions, I was able to complete it better and gain more skills in the translation process Student: Ngo Thi Hong Tham Code: 24203113146 Graduation Paper 80 Supervisor: Nguyen Thi Kim Man, M.A CHAPTER CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 6.1 Conclusions During the time progress of the graduation paper, I was aware of the problem At that time, I realized that how challenging the translator was Through it, I had consolidated and learned a lot The graduation paper provided me with the opportunity to practice and enhance my translating skills Moreover, I got more gain valuable experience I would like to take this opportunity to be master my ability in analysis expressions In the translating process, I realized my ability The knowledge about vocabulary is not good enough in both SL and TL In the chapter that I have choose to translate, many idioms had meanings I didn't understand, and I couldn't always communicate the author's notion in Vietnamese even if I understood it, which left me perplexed to choose a correctable meaning for the suggested version Also, despite using dictionaries and other resources, I struggled to translate polysemous words As a result, in order to correctly complete the thesis, we must examine several texts and references linked to the topic we are translating in order to express to the reader all of the author's views While writing this graduation paper, I've learned a lot of good things and been more aware of my translation shortcomings I'm quite conscious of my translation shortcomings and am trying hard to better my current skills Despite the fact that my graduation paper still has numerous errors in grammar and syntax, as well as the manner in which I convey concepts in the text, I have gained a great deal of relevant knowledge in this Anyway, working on this paper will allow me to better my personal translation talents as well as my capacity to pursue a future employment I believe I need to Student: Ngo Thi Hong Tham Code: 24203113146 Graduation Paper 81 Supervisor: Nguyen Thi Kim Man, M.A practice in various fields to gain more expertise and skills in order to become an excellent translator As a result, I need to continue to study new information and learn from other translators in order to improve my knowledge and skills 6.2 Suggestions Throughout the time doing graduation paper, I have observed and learned many valuable things Duy Tan University has successfully guided students through their lessons and methods of teaching as well Studying in such a good environment has been my greatest honor for the past years Even so, I would like to take this opportunity to express my personal opinion, I would like to give some small suggestions, especially the Faculty of English that I have studied for the past years The first important thing I need to mention is my major, I propose that the courses after me especially the Faculty of English can be practiced more English skills in the class Especially, the students can be given more lessons from foreign teachers Because it is a big occasion for students to practice and communicate with foreigners to be more confident and proficient Moreover, having more interesting lesson is better To draw students' attention, teachers should establish an engaging environment Playing simple mini games, humorous English songs or quizzes, and organizing competitions among groups can all help to promote student-teacher interaction in each lesson This is how students not feel pressured when faced with a foreign language In addition, the faculty can provide some additional soft skills subjects The students are more and more mature in the period study This leads to Student: Ngo Thi Hong Tham Code: 24203113146 Graduation Paper 82 Supervisor: Nguyen Thi Kim Man, M.A students being less nervous and more confident when it comes to difficult matter, especially in translate process Finally, I hope that the suggestions above will be beneficial to both students and teachers After completing this paper, I saw that my translation abilities had much increased In the future, this will be a beneficial experience for me Student: Ngo Thi Hong Tham Code: 24203113146 Graduation Paper Supervisor: Nguyen Thi Kim Man, M.A REFERENCES ENGLISH BOOKS: [1] Catford, J C (1965) A Linguistic Theory of Translation Oxford: Oxford University Press [2] Fuller, Frederick (1984) The Translator’s Handbook (With Special Reference To Conference Translation From French And Spanish), 60-63 [3] Kirsten Malmkjær (2011) Oxford Handbook of Translation Studies , 2325 [4] Foster, M.(1958) Translation from in Farsi and English Retrieved April2007 from http:// www.parasa.ts.com/index.htm [5] Peter Newmark, Elle Newmark (1988) A Textbook of Translation, 45-47 VIETNAMESE BOOKS: [6] Dương Bạch Nhật (2013) Writing 1, Duy Tan University, Department of Forreign Lenguage [7] Nguyễn Mạnh Quang (2004) Translation Theory, Duy Tan University, Department of Foreign Language INTERNET: Dictionaries retrieved from: [8] http://dictionary.cambridge.org/ [9] https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/ [10] https://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/ [11] https://www.merriam-webster.com/ Grammar retrieved from: [12] https://science.jrank.org/pages/11495/Translation-Concept-Translation- Its-Complexity.html [13] http://grammar-monster.com/glossary/compound_sentence.htm Student: Ngo Thi Hong Tham Code: 24203113146 Graduation Paper Supervisor: Nguyen Thi Kim Man, M.A [14] https://www.englishclub.com/grammar/sentence/compound-sentence.htm Student: Ngo Thi Hong Tham Code: 24203113146 Graduation Paper Supervisor: Nguyen Thi Kim Man, M.A SUPERVISOR’S COMMENTS - Student: Ngo Thi Hong Tham Code: 24203113146 ...DUY TAN UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGLISH GRADUATION PAPER AN ANALYSIS OF THE SUGGESTED TRANSLATION OF CHAPTER FROM THE BOOK “IRRATIONAL PERSISTENCE: SEVEN SECRETS THAT TURNED A BANKRUPT STARTUP INTO. .. Kim Man, M .A ABSTRACT - This graduation paper is about the Vietnamese translation of a book named “IRRATIONAL PERSISTENCE: SEVEN SECRETS THAT TURNED A BANKRUPT STARTUP INTO A $23 1,000,000 BUSINESS”. .. into the translation. " 2. 3 .2 Methods of Translation There are various approaches to translation for English learners We can see from a number of the definitions of translation given above that