AN ANALYSIS OF THE SUGGESTED TRANSLATION OF CHAPTER 2 FROM THE BOOK WISER GETTING BEYOND GROUPTHINK TO MAKE GROUPS SMARTER BY CASS r SUNSTEIN AND REID HASTIE, 2015

DOAN THI THU UYEN – GRAD UATI ON PAPE R IN ENGL ISH LING UISTI CS 2022 DUY TAN UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGLISH DOAN THI THU UYEN AN ANALYSIS OF THE SUGGESTED TRANSLATION OF CHAPTER FROM THE BOOK "WISER: GETTING BEYOND GROUPTHINK TO MAKE GROUPS SMARTER" BY CASS R SUNSTEIN AND REID HASTIE, 2015 GRADUATION PAPER IN ENGLISH LINGUISTICS DA NANG, 2022 DUY TAN UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGLISH GRADUATION PAPER AN ANALYSIS OF THE SUGGESTED TRANSLATION OF CHAPTER FROM THE BOOK "WISER: GETTING BEYOND GROUPTHINK TO MAKE GROUPS SMARTER" BY CASS R SUNSTEIN AND REID HASTIE, 2015 Major: English for Translation - Interpretation SUPERVISOR : PHAN THI THUY TIEN STUDENT : DOAN THI THU UYEN CLASS : K24NAB1 STUDENT CODE : 24203116371 DA NANG, 2022 Graduation Paper Supervisor: Phan Thi Thuy Tien, M.A ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS  To teachers at Duy Tan university! To my supervisor – Ms Tien, M.A! First and foremost, I am grateful to my supervisor, Ms Phan Thi Thuy Tien, faculty of English Her guidance, encouragement, and suggestions provided me with the necessary insight into how to complete this graduation paper and paved the way for the meaningful ending of the work in a short duration Secondly, I owe my gratitude to all teachers of the Department of English at Duy Tan University who taught me precious lessons and assisted me enthusiastically with this paper Thirdly, I should send my thanks to my classmates and my friends who not only shared their useful experiences but also helped me understand some necessary problems Their kindly help, care, and motivation gave me strength and lifted me up Last but far from least, I’m also indebted to my family for the support, encouragement, and motivation they gave me in the completion of this graduation paper I wish all of you good health and success! Yours sincerely! DOAN THI THU UYEN_K24NAB1 CODE 24203116371 Graduation Paper Supervisor: Phan Thi Thuy Tien, M.A STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP  Except where reference is made in the text of the thesis, this thesis contains no material published elsewhere or extracted in whole or in part from a thesis by which you have qualified for or been awarded another degree or diploma No other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgment in the thesis This thesis has not been submitted for the award of any degree or diploma by any other tertiary institution Danang, May 2022 DOAN THI THU UYEN DOAN THI THU UYEN_K24NAB1 CODE 24203116371 Graduation Paper Supervisor: Phan Thi Thuy Tien, M.A ABSTRACT This graduation paper is about the Vietnamese translation of a book named “Wiser: Getting Beyond Groupthink To Make Groups Smarter" written by Cass R Sunstein And Reid Hastie and was initially published in 2015 Because of the limited time, we decided to choose chapter two of the book to translate The graduation paper includes the theoretical background, the initial version, the suggested translation, and the analysis of vocabularies and structures for the translation process as well Besides, the paper also includes our difficulties and solutions in the translation DOAN THI THU UYEN_K24NAB1 CODE 24203116371 Graduation Paper Supervisor: Phan Thi Thuy Tien, M.A ABBREVIATIONS  SL : Source Language Tl : Target Language HBR : Harvard Business Review DOAN THI THU UYEN_K24NAB1 CODE 24203116371 Graduation Paper Supervisor: Phan Thi Thuy Tien, M.A TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale: .1 1.2 Aims and Objectives: 1.2.1 Aims: 1.2.2 Objectives: 1.3 Scope of the Study: 1.3.1 Text Features: .3 1.3.2 Text Length: 1.3.3 Text Organization: 1.3.4 Text Sources: CHAPTER THEORETICAL BACKGROUND .4 2.1 Definition: 2.2 Types of Categories: 2.2.1 Full vs Partial Translation: 2.2.2 Total vs Restricted Translation: 2.2.3 Phonological Translation: 2.2.4 Graphological Translation: 2.3 Methods and Principles: .8 2.3.1 Methods: .8 2.3.2 Principles of translation: 12 2.4 Context in Translating: .14 CHAPTER SUGGESTED TRANSLATION 15 CHAPTER ANALYSIS 45 4.1 Difficult Words: 45 4.1.1 Words with multi-meaning: .45 4.1.2 Phrasal Verbs 46 DOAN THI THU UYEN_K24NAB1 CODE 24203116371 Graduation Paper Supervisor: Phan Thi Thuy Tien, M.A 4.1.3 Specific terms 47 4.1.4 Idioms 48 4.2 Sentence structures: 50 4.2.1 Simple Sentence: 50 4.2.2 Compound sentence: 51 4.2.3 Complex sentence: 53 4.2.4 Compound – Complex sentence: .58 4.2.5 Sentences in Passive voice 59 4.2.6 Empty subject .60 CHAPTER 5: DIFFICULTIES AND SOLUTIONS 61 5.1 Difficulties: 61 5.2 Solutions: 61 CHAPTER CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS .63 6.1 Conclusions: 63 6.2 Suggestions: .63 REFERENCES I BOOKS II WEBSITES SUPERVISOR’S COMMENT REVIEWER COUNCIL’S COMMENT DOAN THI THU UYEN_K24NAB1 CODE 24203116371 Graduation Paper Supervisor: Phan Thi Thuy Tien, M.A CHAPTER INTRODUCTION  1.1 Rationale: As a student at Duy Tan University's English Faculty, I have many opportunities to have a thorough understanding of all types of translation, and I am constantly aware that the demand for interpretation and translation is increasing, particularly in the sphere of tourism Furthermore, the translator must not only be skilled in the discipline of translation but also have a thorough understanding of why we translate the way we We chose the book " Wiser: Getting Beyond Groupthink to Make Groups Smarter (Chapter 2)” to translate because we wanted to know how important groupthink at work is Business leaders today are all for collaboration and teamwork Yet the reality is that making group decisions is extremely hard, and groups often make bad, slow decisions Why does group decision-making so often fail, and what can group and leaders to make better decisions? In the just published Wiser: Getting Beyond Groupthink to Make Groups Smarter, Harvard Law professor Cass Sunstein, co-author of Nudge and the HBR article “Making Dumb Groups Smarter,” examines why groups so often fail in making decisions and identifies new mechanisms for collective problem solving and decision making In this interactive Harvard Business Review webinar, Sunstein shares insights from this new book, offers tactics and lessons to help leaders avoid the pitfalls associated with group decision making, and provides specific ways to reach better outcomes DOAN THI THU UYEN_K24NAB1 CODE 24203116371 Graduation Paper Supervisor: Phan Thi Thuy Tien, M.A 1.2 Aims and Objectives: 1.2.1 Aims: In the last fourth year, this graduation paper has mirrored my personal abilities During that period, teachers and friends at Duy Tan University provided me with invaluable support, assistance, and guidance Additionally, the goal of this graduation paper is to assist a translator in improving necessary abilities, avoiding typical translation errors, and gaining a better understanding of culture In addition, I intend to gain experience as a translator as a result of this research 1.2.2 Objectives: Following the completion of my graduation paper, I set the following goals for myself:  Improving my translation abilities by incorporating appropriate words and structures into any phrase  Summarizing what I've learned in the past  Translating the words in a natural and fluid manner Removing language barriers to help Vietnamese people understand the content of this book  Analyzing difficult and complex vocabulary, phrases, or structures that can easily lead to reader misunderstandings 1.3 Scope of the Study: The text that I selected to translate is “Wiser: Getting Beyond Groupthink to Make Groups Smarter” by Cass R Sunstein and Reid Hastie, 2015 The graduation paper is translated from the original version and given the analysis of a suggested translation of the book Besides, the paper will list DOAN THI THU UYEN_K24NAB1 CODE 24203116371 Graduation Paper 54 Supervisor: Phan Thi Thuy Tien, M.A In the complex sentence, the main clause is “they often use multi-pliers of greater than two.” with the subject which is “they” and the verb is “use” The dependent clause is ““When companies try to make valid cost estimates, even for routine projects” It is an adverbial clause of time Suggested version: Khi công ty cố gắng đưa ước tính chi phí hợp lệ, chí dự án thông thường, họ thường sử dụng phép cấp số nhân lớn số hai Example 11: (paragraph 50, page 42) “When groups amplify the blunders of their members, social influence is a large reason.” When groups amplify the blunders of their members, social influence is a Adverbial clause of time S V C large reason  Adverbial clause of time In the sentence, the main clause is “social influence is a large reason” with the subject is “social influence” and verbs are “is” The dependent clause is “When groups amplify the blunders of their members” It is an adverbial clause of time Suggested version: Khi hội nhóm khuếch đại lỡi mà thành viên nhóm gây ra, ảnh hưởng từ xả hội lý 4.2.3.1.2 Adverbial clause of concession: Example 13: (paragraph 21, page 31) “Human beings are subject to framing effects, which means that their decisions are influenced by how a decision is framed, even though the different frames reflect merely semantic differences rather than reality.” Human beings are subject to framing effects, which means that their decisions DOAN THI THU UYEN_K24NAB1 CODE 24203116371 Graduation Paper S 55 V Supervisor: Phan Thi Thuy Tien, M.A C Relative clause as post-modifier are influenced by how a decision is framed, even though Adverbial clause of concession the different frames reflect merely semantic differences rather than reality S’ V’ C  Adverbial clause of concession In this sentence, the main clause is “Human beings are subject to framing effects, which means that their decisions are influenced by how a decision is framed” The dependent clause is “the different frames reflect merely semantic differences rather than reality”, and it is a clause Suggested version: Con người chủ thể “Hiệu ứng đóng khung tâm lý”, có nghĩa định họ bị ảnh hưởng cách định chung đưa ra, ý kiến khác phản ánh khác biệt ngữ nghĩa thực tế 4.2.3.1.3 Adverbial clause of condition: Example 14: (paragraph 30, page 35) “If the course of an action is failing, people tend to increase their commitment to simply cutting their losses” If the course of an action is failing, people tend to increase their commitment If clause DOAN THI THU UYEN_K24NAB1 S V O CODE 24203116371 Graduation Paper 56 Supervisor: Phan Thi Thuy Tien, M.A to simply cutting their losses A  Adverbial clause of condition In this complex sentence, the if clause is “If the course of an action is failing” The dependent clause is “People tend to increase their commitment to simply cutting their losses” They are connected by a comma to separate them Suggested version: Nếu thất bại hành động đó, người có xu hướng thực cam kết nhiều đơn giản để giảm bớt thua lỗ họ 4.2.3.2 Complex sentence with adjective clause (or relative clause): Adjective clause (or relative clause) means that they modify nouns or pronouns Example 15: (paragraph 57, page 44) “Note that we're less likely to get that corrective if the group consists of like-minded people, where egocentric bias might be amplified.” Note that we're less likely to get that corrective if the group consists of likeS V minded people, where egocentric bias might be amplified O Adjective clause  Complex sentence with adjective clause DOAN THI THU UYEN_K24NAB1 CODE 24203116371 Graduation Paper 57 Supervisor: Phan Thi Thuy Tien, M.A In this sentence, the main clause is “Note that we're less likely to get that corrective” The clause “if the group consists of like-minded people, where egocentric bias might be amplified” is an if clause, in which, “where egocentric bias might be amplified” is relative clause which modify the subject “the group” Suggested version: Lưu ý rằng, thường có khả làm vấn đề nhóm có người có chí hướng, nơi mà khoa trương thành kiến mang tính ích kỉ.4.2.3.3 Complex sentence with noun clause:  Dependent noun clauses can any of the noun jobs (subject, direct object, the object of a preposition, etc.) They are introduced by whwords or the word “that” which you can call noun clause markers Example 18: “paragraph 40, page 38) “There is a clue here to why companies, states, and even nations often continue with projects and plans that are clearly failing.” There is a clue here to why companies, states, and even nations often continue Se V Sr with projects and plans that are clearly failing  Complex sentence with noun clause In the complex sentence, the main clause is “There is a clue here” with the existential “there” and the verb is “is” The dependent clause “why companies, states, and even nations often continue with projects and plans is a noun clause, and “that are clearly failing” is an adjective clause DOAN THI THU UYEN_K24NAB1 CODE 24203116371 Graduation Paper 58 Supervisor: Phan Thi Thuy Tien, M.A Suggested version: Có thắc mắc cơng ty, tiểu bang chí quốc gia thường tiếp tục với dự án kế hoạch rõ ràng thất bại 4.2.4 Compound – Complex sentence:  A compound-complex sentence consists of at least two independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses Structure: INDEPENDENT CLAUSE + Subordinating Conjunction + DEPENDENT CLAUSE + Coordinationg Conjunction + INDEPENDENT CLAUSE Example 19: (paragraph 19, page 30) “Malcolm Gladwell cites the historical example of people's exaggerated estimation of Warren G Harding's capacity for leadership, simply because he looked so "presidential”; his appearance and demeanor matched our prototype of a political leader.” Malcolm Gladwell cites S the historical example of people's exaggerated V O estimation of Warren G Harding's capacity for leadership simply because conjunction he looked so "presidential ; his appearance and demeanor matched our S’ V’ C conjunction S’’ V’’ prototype of a political leader O DOAN THI THU UYEN_K24NAB1 CODE 24203116371 Graduation Paper 59 Supervisor: Phan Thi Thuy Tien, M.A  Compound – Complex sentence In this sentence, there are two independent clauses and a dependent clause The first independent clause is “Malcolm Gladwell cites the historical example of people's exaggerated estimation of Warren G Harding's capacity for leadership” The second independent clause is “his appearance and demeanor matched our prototype of a political leader” There are one dependent clause “he looked so "presidential”” connected by a semicolon and coordinating conjunction “because” to separate them Therefore, this sentence is a compound-complex sentence Suggested version: Malcolm Gladwell trích dẫn ví dụ lịch sử việc người ước tính phóng đại lực lãnh đạo Warren G Harding, đơn giản ơng trơng “tổng thống”; ngoại hình phong thái ơng phù hợp với nguyên mẫu nhà lãnh đạo trị 4.2.5 Sentences in Passive voice  In English, passive voice is mainly used to emphasize the object and the action instead of the actor Nevertheless, it’s completely different in Vietnamese because we prefer to use an active voice in expressing ideas and emotions Therefore, we often had some difficulties when turning the passive voice into an active one Example 20: (paragraph 13, page 28) “The “Moneyball” idea is being applied in many domains, including government itself.” - Form Passive voice: S + be+ being + Vpp/ed + (by + O) The “Moneyball” idea is being applied in many domains, including S DOAN THI THU UYEN_K24NAB1 V adv CODE 24203116371 Graduation Paper 60 Supervisor: Phan Thi Thuy Tien, M.A government itself.”  Sentences in Passive voice Suggested version: Chiến thuật “Moneyball” áp dụng nhiều lĩnh vực, phủ 4.2.6 Empty subject  English clauses that are not imperatives must have a subject Sometimes we need to use a “dummy” or “empty” or “artificial” subject when there is no subject attached to the verb, and where the real subject is somewhere else in the clause “IT” and “THERE” are two dummy subjects used in English Example 21: (paragraph 51, page 42) “To be sure, there is some good news, in the form of evidence that deliberating groups can correct or reduce certain biases.” - Form empty subject: There + be … + st + that clause - This structure means to show the clarity and obviousness of a thing to a certain object To be sure, there is Se V some good news, in the form of evidence Sr adv that deliberating groups can correct or reduce certain biases That clause  Empty subject DOAN THI THU UYEN_K24NAB1 CODE 24203116371 Graduation Paper 61 Supervisor: Phan Thi Thuy Tien, M.A Suggested version: Để chắn, có số tin tốt, dạng chứng cho thấy nhóm có chủ ý sửa chữa giảm bớt thành kiến định DOAN THI THU UYEN_K24NAB1 CODE 24203116371 Graduation Paper 62 Supervisor: Phan Thi Thuy Tien, M.A CHAPTER 5: DIFFICULTIES AND SOLUTIONS  5.1 Difficulties: During my fourth year at Duy Tan University, I was trained in translation and archieved numerous skills through theoretical and practical lessons in class However, in the process of translating this text, I encountered some difficulties as follows:  Having time-limiting I don't have enough time to finish the job properly since the translation is lengthy and the project is divided into several portions, as well as the requirement to explore multiple sources for references to the translation Difficulties in vocabulary and grammar Some polysemantic words, idioms as well as phrasal verbs are difficult to comprehend Furthermore, there are numerous types of difficult grammar, such as complex sentences and compound-complex sentences  Lacking of materials  Finding trouble equivalents between SL and TL 5.2 Solutions: To deal with these difficulties, there are several solutions:  Organizing time to find documents and then translate them in a reasonable manner  Looking for terms in dictionaries and researching related documents We searched and referred to some dictionaries such as Cambridge Dictionary Oxford Dictionary, Merriam-Webster Dictionary DOAN THI THU UYEN_K24NAB1 CODE 24203116371 Graduation Paper 63 Supervisor: Phan Thi Thuy Tien, M.A  Asking supervisor and other teachers If there is something we don't understand, we shall seek guidance and solutions from our supervisor or other teachers To summarize, I am aware that my translation contains several holes that I am unable to fill But, through translating and analyzing more materials, I aim to work hard to enhance my knowledge translation skills DOAN THI THU UYEN_K24NAB1 CODE 24203116371 Graduation Paper 64 Supervisor: Phan Thi Thuy Tien, M.A CHAPTER CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS  6.1 Conclusions: For me, the graduation thesis helped me understand the challenges of translators, consolidate what I had learned, and gain valuable experience Despite using dictionaries and other resources, I struggled to translate polysemous words and analyze sentence structures Because my understanding of society is limited, the translation is choppy A translator must be well-versed in a variety of fields in order to translate well As a result, to properly complete the thesis, we must study numerous documents and references related to the field we are translating to convey all of the author's ideas to the reader Furthermore, because my understanding of grammatical structure is shaky, I am frequently perplexed and spend a significant amount of time attempting to understand and analyze sentence structure I've learned a lot of valuable lessons and become more aware of my translation flaws while writing this graduation thesis I am aware of my translation weaknesses and am working hard to improve my existing knowledge while also learning new things As a result, I need to learn more to improve my knowledge and skills by constantly improving and learning new information, as well as learning from other translators 6.2 Suggestions: I have some proposals for the Faculty of English in particular, and for Duy Tan University in general, as a final-year student, and I hope that my suggestions are followed DOAN THI THU UYEN_K24NAB1 CODE 24203116371 Graduation Paper 65 Supervisor: Phan Thi Thuy Tien, M.A First and foremost, since my major is English translation and Interpretation, I would like to learn with international professors rather than Vietnamese teachers in practical areas such as listening, speaking, and so forth Secondly, I think some major subjects such as Advances Grammar, Translation theory, Translation and 2, Syntax should be given greater attention because they are extremely useful to students when writing their graduation papers Finally, to promote student-teacher engagement during each lesson, mini games, English songs or quizzes, and group competitions may all be engaging methods to learn English I hope that both students and instructors will find the recommendations above helpful Once again, I'd want to express my gratitude to all of the professors that assisted and supported me throughout my time at Duy Tan University DOAN THI THU UYEN_K24NAB1 CODE 24203116371 Graduation Paper Supervisor: Phan Thi Thuy Tien, M.A REFERENCES  I BOOKS [1] Catford, J.C (1965), A Linguistic Theory of Translation, Oxfor Retrieved from the database of the electronic library [2] Peter Newmark (n.d), A textbook of translation Retrieved from the database of the electronic library [3] Eugene Nida and Charles R Taber (in Choliludin,2006) [4] Lan Tudor (n.d), Learner-centredness as Language Education Cambridge Language Teaching Library [5] Isadore Pinhhuck (in Suryawinata and Hariyanto, 2003) II WEBSITES [4] English Grammar Retrieved from https://www.englishgrammar.org/ [5] Cambridge dictionary https://dictionary.cambridge.org/ [6].Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary (n.d) retrieved from https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/ DOAN THI THU UYEN_K24NAB1 CODE 24203116371 Graduation Paper Supervisor: Phan Thi Thuy Tien, M.A SUPERVISOR’S COMMENT  REVIEWER COUNCIL’S COMMENT  DOAN THI THU UYEN_K24NAB1 CODE 24203116371 Graduation Paper Supervisor: Phan Thi Thuy Tien, M.A DOAN THI THU UYEN_K24NAB1 CODE 24203116371 ... ? ?Wiser: Getting Beyond Groupthink to Make Groups Smarter? ?? written by Cass R Sunstein and Reid Hastie, 20 15” I got this book in the library from the Phan Thanh branch of Duy Tan university DOAN...DUY TAN UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGLISH GRADUATION PAPER AN ANALYSIS OF THE SUGGESTED TRANSLATION OF CHAPTER FROM THE BOOK "WISER: GETTING BEYOND GROUPTHINK TO MAKE GROUPS SMARTER" BY CASS R SUNSTEIN. .. lead to reader misunderstandings 1.3 Scope of the Study: The text that I selected to translate is ? ?Wiser: Getting Beyond Groupthink to Make Groups Smarter? ?? by Cass R Sunstein and Reid Hastie, 20 15