NN GRADUATION AN ANALYSIS OF a SUGGESTED TRANSLATION OF CHAPTER 2 FROM THE BOOK “ AIRLIE MARKETING AND MANAGEMENT, SIXTH EDITION” BY STEPHEN SHAW, 2007

H O H AI H U Y E N LI N H – G R A D U A TI O N P A P E R IN E N G LI S H LI N G UI S TI C S- DUY TAN UNIVERSITY FALCUTY OF ENGLISH HO HAI HUYEN LINH AN ANALYSIS OF A SUGGESTED TRANSLATION OF CHAPTER FROM THE BOOK “ AIRLIE MARKETING AND MANAGEMENT, SIXTH EDITION” BY STEPHEN SHAW, 2007 GRADUATION PAPER IN ENGLISH LINGUISTICS DA NANG, 2021 DUY TAN UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGLISH GRADUATION THESIS AN ANALYSIS OF A SUGGESTED TRANSLATION OF CHAPTER FROM THE BOOK “ AIRLIE MARKETING AND MANAGEMENT, SIXTH EDITION” BY STEPHEN SHAW, 2007 Major : English for Translation and Interpreter SUPERVISOR : NGUYEN THI BICH GIANG, M.A STUDENT : HO HAI HUYEN LINH CLASS : K23 NAB9 STUDENT CODE : 2320313678 DA NANG, 2021 Graduation Paper Supervisor : Nguyen Thi Bich Giang, M.A ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS  To teachers in Duy Tan University! To my supervisor – Ms Giang! Most studies need assistance to be done completely Therefore, I gratefully give acknowledgements to those who supported and motivated me during the process of fulfilling this graduation paper First of all, I would like to express my deepest gratefulness to my supervisor, Ms Nguyen Thi Bich Giang M.A, who always gives me valuable comments and suggestion Without her motivation and instructions, I would not be able to the thesis effectively Secondly, I would like to express my gratitude the teachers of Faculty of English They are enthusiastic teachers who taught me useful lessons and skills during the studying time in Duy Tan University While doing on graduation paper, it may have some mistakes and shortcomings in my graduation paper due to time constraints I hope to receive your contributions and opinions to help me better Finally, please receive my sincerest respect, gratitude, and fondness from my heart I wish all of you good health and success Sincerely, Ho Hai Huyen Linh Student : Ho Hai Huyen Linh Code : 2320313678 Graduation Paper Supervisor : Nguyen Thi Bich Giang, M.A STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP  Except where reference is made in the text of the thesis, this paper contains no materials published elsewhere or extracted in the whole or in part from a thesis by which have qualified for or been awarded another degree or diploma in any university No other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the graduation This graduation paper has not been submitted for award of any degree or diploma in any other tertiary institution Danang, May 2021 Ho Hai Huyen Linh Student : Ho Hai Huyen Linh Code : 2320313678 Graduation Paper Supervisor : Nguyen Thi Bich Giang, M.A ABSTRACT  The graduation paper is carried out with the aim of translating the chapter “The Market for air Transport Services” of the book: “Airline Marketing and Management, Sixth Edition” by Stephen Shaw, 2007 from English into Vietnamese Another purpose of this paper is the analysis of procedures of translating the text in which the difficulties and corresponding solutions are suggested Student : Ho Hai Huyen Linh Code : 2320313678 Graduation Paper Supervisor : Nguyen Thi Bich Giang, M.A ABBREVIATIONS  CEO : Chief Executive Officer VP : Vice president DMU : Decision-Making Unit Student : Ho Hai Huyen Linh Code : 2320313678 Graduation Paper Supervisor : Nguyen Thi Bich Giang, M.A TABLE OF CONTENT ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP ii ABSTRACT iii ABBREVIATIONS .iv TABLE OF CONTENT v CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1.Rationale 1.2.Aims and Objectives 1.2.1.Aims .2 1.2.2.Objectives 1.3.Scope of the Study 1.3.1.Text Features 1.3.2.Text Length 1.3.3.Text Organization 1.3.4.Text Source 1.4.Method of the Study CHAPTER 2: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 1.Translation Theory 2.Type of categories 2.2.1.Full vs Partial translation .5 2.2.2.Total and Restricted Translation 2.2.3.Transliteration 3.Methods and principles of Translation 2.3.1 Methods of Translation .7 2.3.1.1.Word-for-word Translation 2.3.1.2.Literal Translation 2.3.1.3.Faithful Translation 2.3.1.4.Semantic Translation Student : Ho Hai Huyen Linh Code : 2320313678 Graduation Paper Supervisor : Nguyen Thi Bich Giang, M.A 2.3.1.5.Adaptation 2.3.1.6.Free Translation 2.3.1.7.Idiomatic Translation 2.3.2.Principles of Translation 2.3.2.1.Meaning 2.3.2.2.Form .9 2.3.2.3.Register .10 2.3.2.4.Style and Clarity 10 2.3.2.5.Source language influence 10 CHAPTER 3: SUGGESTED TRANSLATION 11 CHATER 4: ANALYSIS .48 4.1.Vocabulary .48 4.1.1.Words with multi-meaning 48 4.1.2.Idiom and Phrasal verb .51 4.2.Structures .53 4.2.1Complex structures .53 4.2.1.1.Sentences with noun clause .54 4.2.1.2.Sentence with adjective clause .55 4.2.1.3.Sentence with adverbial clause .57 4.2.2.Compound-Complex sentences 59 4.2.3.Transformation strcuture 60 4.2.3.1.Passive structures 61 4.2.3.2.Sentence with existenial THERE 62 CHAPTER DIFFICULTIES AND SOLUTION 63 5.1.Difficulties 63 5.2.Solutions 64 CHAPTER CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS 66 6.1.Conclusions 66 6.2.Suggestions .66 Student : Ho Hai Huyen Linh Code : 2320313678 Graduation Paper Supervisor : Nguyen Thi Bich Giang, M.A 6.2.1.Implications for learning 66 6.2.2.Implications for teaching 67 SUPERVISOR’S COMMENT 69 COUNCIL REVIEWER’S COMMENT 70 Student : Ho Hai Huyen Linh Code : 2320313678 Graduation Paper Supervisor : Nguyen Thi Bich Giang, M.A “There are now many short-haul routes where surface transport can provide a level of service in terms of comfort and door-to-door journey times which is as good or better than that available from airlines.” ( P.5, page 13) In the sentence, the relative clause “which is as good or better than that available from airlines” We usually use the words “mà, thứ mà, mà” to transfer the meaning of the subordinator “which” into Vietnamese However, if we use these words and translate normally, the translation is unnatural Thus, I used active voice and reduce the subordinator when translating My suggested version: “ Hiện có nhiều tuyến đường ngắn mà vận tải mặt nước cung cấp mức độ dịch vụ mang lại thoải mái thời gian đưa đón tận nơi tương đương tốt so với hãng hàng khơng có.” Example 12: “Users are defined as those people who will actually use the product or service once it has been purchased.” (P.49, page 36) In this sentence, the author used adjective clause “ who will actually use the product or service once it has been purchased” to describe the noun “people” In this case, I remained the form of the relative clause My suggested version: “Người dùng định nghĩa người thực sử dụng sản phẩm dịch vụ mua.” Example 13: “In some markets, still something over 70% of the bookings that traditional airlines receive come through agents, though the proportion is now generally declining.” (P.65, page 45) Student : Ho Hai Huyen Linh 54 Code : 2320313678 Graduation Paper Supervisor : Nguyen Thi Bich Giang, M.A In this sentence, the author used a adjective clause “that traditional airlines receive” functioning as an modifying the noun “bookings” Basing on the analysis, I give suggetsed version as follows My suggested version: “Ở số thị trường, 70% lượng đặt chỗ mà hãng hàng không truyền thống nhận thông qua đại lý, tỷ lệ nhìn chung giảm.” 4.2.1.3 Sentence with adverbial clause Adverbial clause is a dependent clause which acts as an adverbial showing the relationship between the adverbial clause and the rest of sentence Example 14: “Its possible impact on the airline industry is further discussed in Section 3:5:1.increase further in the future, especially during recessionary times when many firms are under acute.” ( P.8, page 15) In this sentence, the dependent clause “ when many firms are under acute” is an adverbial clause playing as adverbial The subordinating conjunction used is “when” so this is an adverbial clause of time My suggested version: “Tác động ngành hàng không thảo luận kỹ Phần 3: 5: tăng tương lai, đặc biệt thời kỳ suy thoái nhiều công ty mức thấp.” Example 15: “It could even cause their job security to be brought into question if their attitude becomes more widely known – as the salesperson will ensure that it does unless they change their mind about their refusal to offer an appointment.” ( P.46, page 33) Student : Ho Hai Huyen Linh 55 Code : 2320313678 Graduation Paper Supervisor : Nguyen Thi Bich Giang, M.A The subordinating conjunction “unless” in the dependent clause “unless they change their mind about their refusal to offer an appointment” express the relationship of condition in the sentence My suggested version: Nó chí gây vấn đề an tồn cơng việc họ đưa câu hỏi thái độ họ biết đến rộng rãi - nhân viên bán hàng đảm bảo điều xảy trừ họ thay đổi ý định việc từ chối đề nghị hẹn Example 16: “By far the best tactic is to aim to convert the Gatekeeper so that they adopt an attitude of support rather than hostility.” ( P.47, page 34 ) In this sentence, the dependent clause “so that they adopt an attitude of support rather than hostility” is an adverbial clause The subordinating conjunction used “so that” so this is an adverbial of purpose My suggested version: “Cho đến nay, chiến thuật tốt nhằm chuyển đổi Người gác cổng để họ có thái độ ủng hộ thù địch.” Example 17: “They then encourage their partner to continue to deal with this firm in order that further opportunities to accept hospitality might arise.” ( P.56, page 38) The dependent clause “in order that further opportunities to accept hospitality might arise” is used to show the purpose by the subordinated conjunction “in order that” Basing on the analysis, the clause is adverbial clause Student : Ho Hai Huyen Linh 56 Code : 2320313678 Graduation Paper Supervisor : Nguyen Thi Bich Giang, M.A My suggested version: “Sau đó, họ khuyến khích đối tác tiếp tục giao dịch với cơng ty để phát sinh thêm hội chấp nhận lòng hiếu khách.” 4.2.2 Compound-Complex sentences The compound-complex sentences are the difficult and complicated structures which made translator confused to recognize and transfer them into Vietnamese The structure includes one simple sentence or one compound sentence co-ordinate one complex sentence Example 18: “Because of its importance, there is now a substantial literature dealing with the workings of Decision-Making Units, and the ways in which those who wish to sell to the firm should approach the different DMU participants.” (P38, page 30) In this sentence, “because of its importance, there is now a substantial literature dealing with the workings of Decision-Making Units” is denpendent clause We also have a compound structure connect by conjunction “and” Basing on the analysis, I give suggested version My suggested version: “Vì tầm quan trọng nó, có tài liệu đáng kể đề cập đến công việc Đơn vị định cách thức mà người muốn bán cho công ty nên tiếp cận với người tham gia DMU khác nhau.” Example 19: “However, from the point-of-view of Airline Marketing, there will presumably be occasions where two or more airlines both have a sound Student : Ho Hai Huyen Linh 57 Code : 2320313678 Graduation Paper Supervisor : Nguyen Thi Bich Giang, M.A reputation, and offer an equivalent product in terms of timings.” (P.61, page 42) In this sentence, the author used a relative clause “where two or more airlines both have a sound reputation” to describe the noun “occasions” Moreover, the author also used conjunction “and” to connect with the independent clause “offer an equivalent product in terms of timings” Basing on the analysis, I give suggested version as follows My suggetsed version: “Tuy nhiên, theo quan điểm Tiếp thị hàng khơng, có lẽ có trường hợp hai nhiều hãng hàng khơng có danh tiếng tốt cung cấp sản phẩm tương đương thời gian.” Example 20: “It is unlikely that they will be prepared to wait for twenty minutes for an airline reservations department to answer the phone, when they know from experience that its rival will always respond instantly, or attempt to navigate a confusing website if other sites are easier to use.” (P.62, page 43) In this compound-complex sentence, the author also used passive voice structure For passive voice “will be prepared” , we can change into active voice in Vietnamese The author used conjunction “or” to connect with the second dependent clause Therefore, we have a conditional clause “if other sites are easier to use” I give a suggested version My suggested version: “Không họ sẵn sàng đợi hai mươi phút để phận đặt chỗ hãng hàng không trả lời điện thoại, họ biết từ kinh nghiệm đối thủ họ phản hồi cố gắng điều hướng trang mạng khó hiểu trang khác dễ sử dụng hơn.” 4.2.3 Transformation strcuture Student : Ho Hai Huyen Linh 58 Code : 2320313678 Graduation Paper Supervisor : Nguyen Thi Bich Giang, M.A 4.2.3.1 Passive structures Passive structure is used commonly in English to emphasize the object affected by the action However, people rarely use this structure to express their idea so that the translating is a hard task Because of the scientific document, the author used lots of passive voice structures Basing on is form below, we can identify and analyze it easily Example 21: “The papers can then be printed near to where they will be sold and distributed by truck, at a far lower total cost.” P.14, page 18) In this sentence, the author used passive form for the verb “sold” I kept the passive structure to transfer the idea by using the word “sẽ được” This is my suggested translation My suggested version: “Sau đó, giấy tờ in gần nơi chúng bán phân phối xe tải, với tổng chi phí thấp nhiều.” Example 22: “Instead, they are told to use, say, the phone, email or video-conferencing as a way of conducting the business in question.” (P.19, page 21) In this example, the verb “told” is used in the passive form and it mean “nói lên, nói ra” The passive form of the sentence is used to simple present In this case, when translating literally, it is like “ nói” but it is smooth and natural Thus, I used the free translation method to transfer this word My suggested version: “Thay vào đó, họ yêu cầu sử dụng điện thoại, email hội nghị trưc tuyến cách để tiến hành công việc kinh doanh đề cập.” Student : Ho Hai Huyen Linh 59 Code : 2320313678 Graduation Paper Supervisor : Nguyen Thi Bich Giang, M.A Example 23: “As with all marketing decisions, they will have a set of True Needs which must be understood.” (P.62, page 43) In this sentence, the verb “ understand” is written in passive voice The structure of this passive voice is MODAL VERB + BE + PAST PARTICIPATE This is my suggested translation My suggested version: “Như với tất định tiếp thị, họ có tập hợp Nhu cầu đích thực cần phải hiểu rõ.” 4.2.3.2 Sentence with existenial THERE Existential clause is a clause (contains subject and verb) that mention about the existence or presence of something Example 24: “Once a decision has been made, there are almost always people with a vested interest in ensuring that it remains unchallenged.” (P.41, page 32) This is a quite challenging sentence The sentence contains both noun clause and existential clause The existential clause is formed by THERE + TO BE + REAL SUBJECT I translated literally, so I transferred into Vietnamese as follows My suggested version: “Khi định đưa ra, ln có người đảm bảo quyền lợi khơng bị thách thức.” Student : Ho Hai Huyen Linh 60 Code : 2320313678 Graduation Paper Supervisor : Nguyen Thi Bich Giang, M.A CHAPTER 5: DIFFICULTIES AND SOLUTION 5.1 Difficulties During the time at Duy Tan University, I have the opportunity to apply and show what I have learnt in four years ago through this paper I have been taught and guided lots of skills and theories, which help me a lot during the process of my study Although I have practiced what I have learnt at school and in the internship, I also faced up many difficulties when doing my graduation paper As we know, every language has distinctive characteristics and expression, so it is the challenge to transfer exactly SL’s content into TL without any mistake In this chapter, I would like to mention some difficulties that any translator often meets while translating process First, although I am studied English major, I have not had enough ability to understand and translate several special terms in the source text There are so many words and phrases that I could not understand correctly For example, I have difficulty finding the meaning of the special terms because I am not an expert in the airline field For that reason, they might lead to not only unnaturalness in translation but possibly also misunderstanding in rendering the idea Therefore, it takes me a lot of time to find and read many documents related to the field to translate the most suitable meanings based on the context Besides, it also took me a lot of time to deal with choosing multiplemeaning words Therefore, I searched and read the documents related to the field I translated as well as using many different dictionaries to find and choose the most suitable meanings based on the context Secondly, grammar is also a challenging part that we must pay more attention to, especially complex structures Although I am a English major Student : Ho Hai Huyen Linh 61 Code : 2320313678 Graduation Paper Supervisor : Nguyen Thi Bich Giang, M.A student, I can’t translate them clearly and smoothly During the translating process, there are some structures that rarely exist in Vietnamese, so I changed structures and transferred to make the sound more natural For example, Vietnamese are usually not used to using passive structure, but it is more used in English 5.2 Solutions After finishing my graduation paper, my translating skills and knowledge are markedly improved Because of meeting up with difficulties, I resolved these problems in my way Now, I would like to present some solutions which I apply when translating as follows: Firstly, before translating, I read the entire original text to grasp the main idea to understand the text, you will translate easily and exactly what the text is saying After that, I carefully reread each paragraph up to the difficult words and structures I also search for documents, books related to topics on the Internet and library Secondly, I find the meaning of those words, idioms and phrases in the dictionary to best understand and match the context After knowing the meaning and equivalent words, I used the word-for-word translation method for simple translation For words that cannot be translated, I have to read specific documents in both English and Vietnamese to translate those words correctly If you cannot translate those words, you should keep those words in the translation Thirdly, I also learn more about the author of the book, to get more knowledge about the voice, as well as how to write the author's story From there, I can translate according to the intonation most similar to the way the author wants to convey to the reader Student : Ho Hai Huyen Linh 62 Code : 2320313678 Graduation Paper Supervisor : Nguyen Thi Bich Giang, M.A Finally, the translator should be careful and patient when dealing with difficulties Besides, the translator must keep information of the original text faithfully when translating Although I met lots of challenges in translating, I tried my best to overcome and gave the best suggested versions Student : Ho Hai Huyen Linh 63 Code : 2320313678 Graduation Paper Supervisor : Nguyen Thi Bich Giang, M.A CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS 6.1 Conclusions After completing my graduation paper, I realized there are many benefits it gives me The book "The Market for Air Transport Services " is truly a useful book that can provide readers with information about the aviation industry During four years studying at Duy Tan University, I learnt not only knowledge but also the skills I need for my future career Through this paper, my knowledge and skill are challenged and shown, as well as what I have learnt is applied realistically Because of overcoming the difficulties, my ability in analysis and expression is improved and advanced Although there were many disadvantages, I have got worthwhile experience in translation During the study, I can realize what my weaknesses and strong points are, and what I should improve my translation skill as well as knowledge in many fields Moreover, this paper which is a remarkable turning-point in my school time is very important to me Because the time is limited, there are some unavoidable mistakes Once again, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to teachers who taught me useful knowledge and the necessary skills during four years ago to provide me what a translator needs in finding a future job 6.2 6.2.1 Suggestions Implications for learning After finishing my graduation paper as well as four years studying at the university, I have some advice for all students It is important for being a good translator that we must improve vocabulary and grammar All the lessons from the first time we study in the university are helpful and necessary Student : Ho Hai Huyen Linh 64 Code : 2320313678 Graduation Paper Supervisor : Nguyen Thi Bich Giang, M.A Therefore, instead of fiddling with smartphone while learning, we should pay attention to the lectures Besides, knowledge is never a superfluous thing We should read as many bilingual documents of the various fields as possible Reading not only provides us knowledge but also improves our analyzed ability This helps us familiar with many structures so we can translate easily and quickly the documents we assign in the future 6.2.2 Implications for teaching In my opinion, teachers should create learning vocabulary habits for students In addition, analyzing skill should be carefully guided, especially at the beginning level of subjects Most students can’t recognize what structure of the sentence is, even senior students Moreover, teachers should give students specific terms on the topic Understanding specific terms help student easy to translate documents, especially doing graduation paper Student : Ho Hai Huyen Linh 65 Code : 2320313678 Graduation Paper Supervisor : Nguyen Thi Bich Giang, M.A REFERENCES  I BOOKS [1] Alan, D (1989) Translation Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press [2] Catford, J.C (1965) A linguistic theory of translation Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press [3] Nguyễn, M Q (2007) Translation Theory Danang, Vietnam: Duy Tan University [4] Oshima, A & Houge, A (2006) Writing academic English (4th edition) New Jersey, U.S.A: Pearson Longman [5] Peter, N (1988) A textbook of translation Harlow, United Kingdom: Longman Publishing II DICTIONARIES [6] Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press [7] Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press III [8] WEBSITE https://en.wikipedia.org Student : Ho Hai Huyen Linh 66 Code : 2320313678 Graduation Paper Supervisor : Nguyen Thi Bich Giang, M.A SUPERVISOR’S COMMENT Student : Ho Hai Huyen Linh 67 Code : 2320313678 Graduation Paper Supervisor : Nguyen Thi Bich Giang, M.A COUNCIL REVIEWER’S COMMENT Student : Ho Hai Huyen Linh 68 Code : 2320313678 ... TAN UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGLISH GRADUATION THESIS AN ANALYSIS OF A SUGGESTED TRANSLATION OF CHAPTER FROM THE BOOK “ AIRLIE MARKETING AND MANAGEMENT, SIXTH EDITION” BY STEPHEN SHAW, 20 07 Major... graduation paper is carried out with the aim of translating the chapter ? ?The Market for air Transport Services” of the book: “Airline Marketing and Management, Sixth Edition” by Stephen Shaw, 20 07 from. .. Type of categories There are many types of categories of translation defined based on the extent, levels, and ranks of translation Types of categories can help us clearly understand and exactly