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An analysis of the suggested translation of chapter 2 from the book facebook marketing leveraging facebook’s features for your marketing campaigns by brain carter and justin levy, 2012

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  • CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION (11)
    • 1.1. Rationale (12)
    • 1.2. Aims and Objectives (13)
      • 1.2.1. Aims (13)
      • 1.2.2. Objectives (13)
    • 1.3. Scope of the Study (13)
      • 1.3.1. Text Features (13)
      • 1.3.2. Text Length (14)
      • 1.3.3. Text Organization (14)
      • 1.3.4. Text Sources (15)
  • CHAPTER 2. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND (16)
    • 2.1. Definition (16)
    • 2.2. Types of Categories (17)
      • 2.2.1. Full vs. Partial Translation (17)
        • 2.2.1.1. Full translation (17)
        • 2.2.1.2 Partial translation (17)
      • 2.2.2. Total vs. Restricted Translation (18)
        • 2.2.2.1. Total translation (18)
        • 2.2.2.2. Restricted translation (18)
      • 2.2.3. Phonological Translation (18)
      • 2.2.4. Graphological Translation (19)
    • 2.3. Methods and Principles (19)
      • 2.3.1. Methods (19)
        • 2.3.1.1. Word-for-word Translation (19)
        • 2.3.1.2. Literal Translation (19)
        • 2.3.1.3. Faithful Translation (20)
        • 2.3.1.4. Semantic translation (20)
        • 2.3.1.5. Adaptation (20)
        • 2.3.1.6. Free Translation (21)
        • 2.3.1.7. Idiomatic Translation (21)
        • 2.3.1.8. Communicative Translation (21)
      • 2.3.2. Principles of translation (22)
        • 2.3.2.1. Meaning (22)
        • 2.3.2.2. Form (22)
        • 2.3.2.3. Register (22)
        • 2.3.2.4. Idiom (22)
        • 2.3.2.5. Style and Clarity (23)
        • 2.3.2.6. Source Language Influence (23)
    • 2.4. Context in Translating (23)
  • CHAPTER 3. SUGGESTED TRANSLATION (24)
  • CHAPTER 4. ANALYSIS (60)
    • 4.1. Difficult Words (60)
      • 4.1.1. Words with multi-meaning (61)
      • 4.1.2. Phrasal Verbs (65)
    • 4.2. Sentence structures (66)
      • 4.2.1. Simple Sentence (66)
      • 4.2.2. Compound sentence (68)
      • 4.2.3. Complex sentence (69)
        • 4.2.3.1. Complex sentence with adverbial clause (70)
        • 4.2.3.2. Complex sentence with adjective clause (72)
        • 4.2.3.3. Complex sentence with noun clause (73)
      • 4.2.4. Compound – Complex sentence (74)
      • 4.2.5. Sentences in Passive voice (75)
      • 4.2.6. Empty subject (77)
  • CHAPTER 5: DIFFICULTIES AND SOLUTIONS (79)
    • 5.1. Difficulties (79)
    • 5.2. Solutions (80)
    • 6.1. Conclusions (81)
    • 6.2. Suggestions (81)

Nội dung

INTRODUCTION

Rationale

During my four years of study at Duy Tan University, I was trained in professional translation skills I have studied translation through genres such as economic reports, international and domestic news, literary works, short stories and poems Now, I want to challenge myself with a topic that I am always passionate about - the Facebook Marketing.

Over the past several years, social networks have become increasingly popular as they made their way into society The most notable is Facebook. However, people still don't know all its features of Facebook Marketing. Hence, there are dozens of research articles on Facebook features every year.

"Addressing Privacy Concerns," reviews the changes in Facebook's privacy policy over the years, how that affects your business, and what you need to know about your privacy, or the lack of thereof, on Facebook Because privacy on Facebook is something that affects personal profiles, business pages, apps, and several other areas of the platform, we'll explore each of these and explain why this is so important for your business to really understand.

Therefore, understanding them requires a solid linguistic background, grasping technical terms, analyzing sentence structures correctly, and writing phrases or words that best fit the target language.

I realized that this is an interesting challenge for me At the same time,

I can learn and improve my translation skills through this graduation paper.

Finally, I also finished the translation with all my efforts I hope my translation can bring people a lot of useful and interesting information about the Social Media.

Aims and Objectives

- Showing my skills in translating a document

- Having capability to analyze difficult words and structures

- Understanding and overcoming language barriers between two countries

- Communicating the author's intended message to readers

After translating graduation paper, I achieved the following goals:

- Translating text smoothly and naturally

- Analyzing complicated words, phrases, structures, contexts, etc.

Scope of the Study

This graduation paper belongs to part 1, chapter 2 named: “Addressing Privacy Concerns” of the book: “Facebook Marketing: Leveraging Facebook’s Features for Your Marketing Campaigns, Third Edition” by Brain Carter and Justin Levy, 2012 This chapter will be translated into Vietnamese by me, and I will analyze some important points about grammatical structure and vocabulary.

During the translation process, I find out some difficulties when I translated such as social network term, the way to use English grammar, and some other problems of language.

This intriguing and fascinating book should not be missed by anyone who is interested in learning about how Facebook can be integrated into their business, and for small business owners and corporate marketing professionals who want to market companies and brands through the internet via Facebook This includes anyone from the CEO to the CMO to PR, communications and marketing Not only will you understand how you can use Facebook in your business, you'll be armed with the information you need to prove its worth to others in your company.

Chapter 2, "Addressing Privacy Concerns," reviews the changes in Facebook's privacy policy over the years, how that affects your business, and what you need to know about your privacy, or the lack of thereof, on Facebook Because privacy on Facebook is something that affects personal profiles, business pages, apps, and several other areas of the platform, we'll explore each of these and explain why this is so important for your business to really understand.

The book is divided into 11 chapters, but I chose Chapter 2 to translate and analyze for my graduation thesis Many people will be inspired as a result of reading this book.

In the graduation thesis, I chose to translate Chapter 2 of Part 1 of the book

" Facebook Marketing: Leveraging Facebook’s Features for Your Marketing Campaigns, Third Edition” The translation is approximately 4,025 words long.

The text is divided into a lot of small sections and it is organized as follows:

Part one: The Two Faces of Privacy on Facebook

Part three: Facebook’s Privacy Policy

This text comes from the book: “Facebook Marketing: Leveraging Facebook’s Features for Your Marketing Campaigns, Third Edition” written by by Brain Carter and Justin Levy in 2012.

Brian Carter is reputable as one of the elite Internet marketing experts in the world He has more than 30,000 Twitter followers and an overall reach of more than 50,000 fans through Facebook, LinkedIn, and his other marketing channels A speaker and trainer for top marketing conferences that include Socialize, SEOmoz, SMX, Pubcon, and the American Marketing Association, Brian is one of the nation's leading experts in Internet marketing.

Justin Levy is the head of social communications for the Online Services Division of Citrix Systems Justin writes and creates media of all kinds over at justinrlevy.com Justin is a sought-after public speaker on the topics of social media, marketing, and technology.Justin is the author of the second edition of this book, Facebook Marketing: Designing Your Next MarketingCampaign.

THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

Definition

There are many ways to definite a notion Based on the personal view of each person, we will have a different definition Thus, the definition of translation is not unique Evidently, there are many languages in the world, so they are well-defined translation in many different ways These are some definitions of translation as follows.

“Translation is the replacement of textual material in one language (source language) by equivalent textual material in another language (target language)” [1]

“Translation is rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author intended the text” [2]

“Translation is a process of conveying messages across linguistic and cultural barriers” [3]

The central problem of translation practice is that of finding target language translation equivalents A central task of translation theory is that of finding the nature and conditions of translation equivalence.

These proved that translation is a complex process in which a source language is changed into a target language To translate accurately, it is required that translators have a thorough understanding of theoretical awareness and practical experiences.

Types of Categories

There are many types of translation Type of categories of translation may be defined in terms of extent, levels, and ranks of translation.

These types of categories can help us deeply understand and easily distinguish the ways of translation My translations also apply these methods to avoid errors that lead to misunderstandings during the translation process.

This distinction relates to the extent (in a syntagmatic sense) of SL text which is submitted to the translation process The text may be a book, a simple volume, a chapter, a paragraph, a sentence, a clause, etc It may also be a figment, not co-existence with any formal literacy or linguistic unit.

According to J.C Carford [4], there are two categories of translation: full and partial.

In a “full” translation, the entire text is submitted to the translation process that is every part of the SL text is replaced with TL text material.

Example: The race ended and ended the hopes too What La Liga has is just the name of Real Madrid Barca has been left behind.

Suggested version: Chấm dứt những hy vọng, cuộc đua đã khép lại La Liga vẫn chỉ còn mỗi cái tên Real Madrid Barca đã bị bỏ lại phía sau lưng.

In a “partial” translation, some part or parts of the SL text are left non- translated: they are simply transferred to and incorporated in the TL text.

Example: There are five famous bridges in Danang.

Suggested version: Có năm cây cầu nổi tiếng tại Đà Nẵng.

This distinction relates to the levels of language involved in translation

In "total" translation, all levels of SL text are replaced with TL material. Strictly speaking, "total" translation is a misleading term, since, though total replacement is involved, it is not replacement with equivalent at all levels

In "total" translation, SL grammar and lexis are replaced with equivalent

TL grammar and lexis This replacement entails the replacement of SL phonology/ graphology with TL phonology/ graphology, but this normally replacement with TL equivalents

Example: There is a legend about a bird which sings just once in its life, more sweetly than any other creature on the face of the earth.

Suggested version: Có một truyền thuyết về một con chim chỉ hót một lần trong đời, nhưng nó hót ngọt ngào hơn bất cứ loài chim nào trên trái đất.

In "restricted" translation, SL is replaced with equivalent one at only one level (phonologically/graphologically) or at only one of the two levels of grammar and lexis

Example: Khi mới về làm dâu, con rất sợ thầy.

Suggested version: At the time to be a daughter-in-law, I was afraid of father.

In this translation, the main thing is SL phonology is replaced with equivalent TL one, but there are hardly other important replacements

In phonological translation, sometimes grammatical or lexical changes may result accidentally For example, an English plural such as "cats" may become a "singular cat" when the TL has no final consonant clusters

Source language graphology is replaced with equivalent target one without other considerable replacements.

Methods and Principles

This is often demonstrated as interlinear translation with the TL immediately below the SL words The SL word order is preserved, and the words are translated singly by their most common meanings, out of context. Cultural words are translated literally the main use of word-for-word translation is either to understand the mechanics of the SL or to construct a difficult text as a pre-translation process.

Example: There is a book on the table.

Suggested version: Có một quyển sách ở trên bàn

The SL grammatical constructions are converted to their nearest TL equivalents, but the lexical words are again translated singly out of context.

As a pre-translation process, this indicates the problem to be solved.

Example: Put your batteries on.

Suggested version: Đặt pin của bạn vào.

A faithful translation attempts to reproduce the precise contextual meaning of the original meaning within the constraints of the TL grammatical structures It “transfers” cultural words and preserves the degree of grammatical and lexical “abnormality” in the translation It attempts to be completely faithful to the intentions and the text realization of the SL writer.

Example: Bao giờ cho đến tháng mười?

Suggested version: When will the tenth month come?

This method must pay more attention to the aesthetic value (that is, the beautiful a natural sound) of the SL text, compromising on "meaning" where appropriate so that no assonance, word-play or repetition jars in the finished version Furthermore, it may translate less important cultural words by culturally neutral third or functional terms but not by cultural equivalents and it may make other small concessions to the readership The distinction between "faithful" and "semantic" translation is that the first is uncompromising and dogmatic while the second is more flexible, admits the creative exception to 100% of fidelity and allows for translator's intuitive empathy with the original.

Example: She has a sunny smile on her face.

Suggested version: Cô bé có nụ cười tỏa nắng trên khuôn mặt.

This is the “freest” form of translation, used mainly for plays (comedies) and poetry The themes, characters, plots are usually preserved, the SL culture is converted to the TL one, and the text is rewritten

(The Daffodils by William Wordsworth)

Suggested version: Là đám mây tôi lang thang phiêu bạt.

The method reproduces the matter without the manner, or the content without the form of the original Usually, it is a paraphrase much longer than the original, a so-called “intralingual translation”, often prolix, pretentious, and seemingly non-translated at all.

Example: The film is beyond any words.

Suggested version: Bộ phim không chê vào đâu được.

The method attempts to render the exact contextual meaning of the original in such a way that both content and language are readily acceptable and comprehensible to the readership This translation is rather often news on radio or in newspapers Sometimes communicative and semantic translation may coincide with each other.

Example: New one in, old one out.

Suggested version: Có mới nới cũ.

Translated version: Chào nhé! Hôm nay cậu thế nào?

Although this is not a theoretical work, students may follow some guidelines to help themselves to evaluate their own work Below are some general principle, which are relevant to all translation.

The context of the original language should be faithfully reflected in the translation Although a portion of the meaning may be transformed, translators should not add or remove anything arbitrarily.

The order of words and ideas in the translation should match the original as closely as possible This is particularly in the form and order of works. When in doubt, underline in the original text the words on which the main stress falls In English, emphasis or main stress can be obtained through inversion of word order and using different structures.

Languages often differ greatly in their levels of formality in a given context, for example, the business letter To resolve these differences, the translator must distinguish between formal or fixed expressions and personal expressions.

Idiomatic expressions are notoriously untranslatable These include similes, metaphors, proverbs, saying, jargons, slangs, colloquialisms, and phrasal verbs

If the expressions cannot be directly translated, try any of the following:

- Retain the original word, in inverted commas

- Retain the original expression, with a literal explanation in brackets

- Use a non-itliomalic or plain prose translation

The translator in general should not change the style of the original But if the text is sloppily written, or full of tedious repetitions, the translator may, for the reader’s sake correct the defects.

One of the most frequent criticisms of translation is that it does not sound natural

This is because the translator's thoughts and choice of words are too strongly moulded by the original text A good way of shaking off the SL influence is to set the text aside and translate a few sentences aloud, from memory This will suggest natural patterns of thought in the first language,which may not come to mind when the eye is fixed on the SL text.

Context in Translating

Context is the one which occurs before (or) after a word, a phrase or even along utterance or text.

The context often helps in understanding the particular meaning of the word, phrase, etc.

The context may also be the broader social situation in which a linguistic item is used.

In translation, the context is understood as the “WHAT”, “WHERE” and

“TO WHOM” of our communication.

SUGGESTED TRANSLATION

Throughout this book, you will be encouraged to take advantage of the many features available in

Facebook Knowing that you’ve been a good student, you’ve now filled in your city, state, phone number, marital status, uploaded photos, tagged videos, and linked your notes together The marketer side of you will perk up in the next chapter to create a Page and/or

Group and link that to your profile.

Maybe you thought about the amount of personal and professional information you’re sharing Maybe not Maybe you have taken the time to review the

Terms of Service and Privacy Policy.

But, chances are, like every other

Terms of Service or Privacy Policy, you haven’t bothered to look Have you thought of the ways in which

(Đ1) 2 Giải quyết các mối quan tâm về quyền riêng tư

Trong cuốn sách này, bạn sẽ được khuyến khích tận dụng nhiều tính năng có sẵn trong Facebook Bạn đã được biết đến là một học sinh giỏi, hiện tại bạn đã cập nhật thông tin về thành phố, tiểu bang, số điện thoại, tình trạng hôn nhân của mình, ảnh đã tải lên, video được gắn thẻ và liên kết các ghi chú của mình với nhau Bộ phận tiếp thị sẽ hướng dẫn bạn trong chương tiếp theo để tạo Trang hoặc Nhóm và liên kết trang đó với hồ sơ của bạn Bạn có thể đã nghĩ về lượng thông tin cá nhân và nghề nghiệp mà bạn đang chia sẻ Có thể bạn đã dành thời gian để xem lại Điều khoản dịch vụ và Chính sách quyền riêng tư Tuy nhiên, cơ hội là những gì từ trước giờ bạn không hề để ý đến như mọi Điều khoản dịch vụ hoặc Chính sách quyền riêng tư khác Bạn đã nghĩ đến những cách mà những chính sách này có thể these policies can affect your ability to market your brand, product, or service? Have you considered where all that information that you share is visible? Can Google and the other search engines see all that information? Should you keep your personal account separate from these marketing activities? Can you even do that? These are all questions that fly around the interwebs when people discuss privacy concerns and Facebook.

(P2) As Facebook continues to grow, it is becoming less and less a purely personal network It’s not the network you go to just to relax at the end of the day and catch up with a few friends or check out family photos Nowadays, many people use Facebook as part of their online reputation management and personal/professional branding strategy People use Facebook for both personal and professional ảnh hưởng đến khả năng tiếp thị thương hiệu, sản phẩm hoặc dịch vụ của bạn chưa? Bạn đã xem xét tất cả thông tin mà bạn chia sẻ có thể hiển thị ở đâu chưa? Google và các công cụ tìm kiếm khác có thể xem tất cả thông tin đó không? Bạn có nên giữ tài khoản cá nhân của mình tách biệt với các hoạt động tiếp thị này không? Bạn có thể làm điều đó không ? Đây là tất cả những câu hỏi xoay quanh các trang mạng xã hội khi mọi người thảo luận về các mối quan tâm về quyền riêng tư và Facebook.

(Đ2) Khi Facebook tiếp tục phát triển, nó không còn là một trang mạng cá nhân thuần túy Đó không phải là mạng lưới bạn truy cập chỉ để thư giãn vào cuối ngày và trò chuyện với một vài người bạn hoặc xem ảnh gia đình.Ngày nay, nhiều người sử dụngFacebook như một phần của chiến lược quản lý danh tiếng trực tuyến và xây dựng thương hiệu cá nhân và nghề nghiệp của họ Mọi người sử dụngFacebook cho cả kết nối cá nhân, nghề connections and networking As

Facebook grows larger and people continue to blur the line between personal and professional, concerns over privacy continue to grow.

(P3) Privacy within Facebook needs to be addressed on multiple levels:

- The sharing of personal information and whether, because of that, you should use

Facebook as a professional tool as well.

- How to properly configure the privacy settings for both your personal profile and any Pages or Groups you administer and manage.

Policy actually allow you to do within nghiệp và mạng lưới truyền thanh Khi Facebook phát triển lớn mạnh hơn và ranh giới giữa cá nhân và nghề nghiệp trở nên mờ nhạt, mối quan tâm về quyền riêng tư tiếp tục tăng lên.

(Đ3) Quyền riêng tư trong Facebook cần được giải quyết ở nhiều mức độ:

- Việc chia sẻ thông tin cá nhân và việc bạn có nên sử dụng Facebook như một công cụ nghề nghiệp hay không.

- Cách định dạng cài đặt quyền riêng tư chính xác cho cả hồ sơ cá nhân của bạn và bất kỳ Trang hoặc Nhóm nào mà bạn quản lý.

- Điều khoản Dịch vụ và Chính sách Quyền riêng tư nào thực sự cho phép bạn thực hiện trongFacebook

- How all this ties together and affects marketers trying to use

Facebook as part of their marketing strategy for their brand, product, or service.

All these issues are addressed throughout the next few pages.

(P4) The Two Faces of Privacy on

Because Facebook started out as a personal network, it has been a hard transition for people to become used to it as a professional network.

LinkedIn as a professional network and Facebook as a personal network But with the growth rate of

Facebook, many began to turn to it as a personal branding tool and professional network Marketers

- Tất cả những điều này liên kết với nhau và ảnh hưởng như thế nào đến các nhà tiếp thị đang cố gắng sử dụng Facebook như một phần của chiến lược tiếp thị cho thương hiệu, sản phẩm hoặc dịch vụ của họ.

Tất cả những vấn đề này được giải quyết trong vài trang tiếp theo.

(Đ4) Hai khía cạnh của quyền riêng tư trên Facebook

Vì Facebook bắt đầu như một trang mạng cá nhân, nó đã trải qua một quá trình chuyển đổi khó khăn để mọi người quen với nó như là một mạng lưới công việc Ban đầu, hầu hết mọi người sử dụng LinkedIn như một trang mạng xã hội về việc làm và Facebook là một trang mạng cá nhân Nhưng với tốc độ tăng trưởng của Facebook,nhiều người bắt đầu chuyển sang sử dụng nó như một công cụ xây dựng thương hiệu cá nhân và mạng lưới turned to Facebook with Facebook

Pages, Groups, and advertisements as a way to reach out to their prospects, customers, and fans.

(P5) This transition created a dilemma for many folks because they resisted using Facebook as a professional network, yet their colleagues, competition, and companies were becoming active on the network Also, as we develop friends in our industries, we want to extend that friendship and therefore turn to Facebook This starts to blur that line even further between work and home However, as Dawn

Foster of Web Worker Daily points out, we don’t want to confuse

“You can actually be professional and personal at the same công việc Các nhà tiếp thị đã chuyển sang sử dụng Facebook với các Trang, Nhóm và quảng cáo trên Facebook như một cách để tiếp cận với khách hàng tiềm năng, khách hàng và người hâm mộ của họ.

(Đ5) Sự chuyển đổi này đã tạo ra một tình thế khó xử cho nhiều người vì họ phản đối việc sử dụng Facebook như một trang mạng nghề nghiệp, tuy nhiên sự cạnh tranh của các đồng nghiệp và công ty của họ đang bắt đầu hoạt động trên mạng Ngoài ra, khi chúng ta phát triển mối quan hệ trong ngành công nghiệp, chúng ta muốn mở rộng tình hữu nghị và do đó mọi người dần chuyển sang Facebook Điều này bắt đầu làm mờ đi ranh giới giữa “nơi làm việc” và “nơi ở” Tuy nhiên, như Dawn Foster của Web Worker Daily chỉ ra: chúng tôi không muốn gây nhầm lẫn giữa "cá nhân" với "riêng tư":

"Bạn thực sự có thể sử dụng trang mạng time in social media without too much effort When we talk about ‘being personal’ on social media websites, we think that many people confuse

‘private.’ The reality is that you get to decide what to share and what not to share, so you can still keep most areas of your private life private.”

(P6) To deal with this dilemma, individuals typically have three options to choose from:

- A single Facebook profile that combines personal and professional.

Facebook kết hợp cả công việc và riêng tư cá nhân cùng một lúc trên mạng xã hội mà không cần quá nhiều công sức Khi chúng tôi nói về 'cá nhân' trên các trang mạng xã hội, chúng tôi nghĩ rằng nhiều người nhầm lẫn giữa 'cá nhân' với 'riêng tư.' Thực tế là bạn có thể quyết định những gì nên chia sẻ và không nên chia sẻ, vì vậy bạn vẫn có thể giữ hầu hết các bí mật trong cuộc sống riêng tư của mình.

(Đ6) Để đối phó với tình huống khó xử này, mọi người thường có ba phương án để lựa chọn:

- Một hồ sơ Facebook duy nhất kết hợp cá nhân

Facebook profiles: one personal and one professional.

- Keeping Facebook personal only and not mixing work into it.

Each one of these has both upsides and downsides with no clear answer or best practice, as of yet Although it might not be clear yet, this will be important for you as a marketer or company Let’s explore each of these options.

You can use a personal profile for business networking purposes, but if you go over the line in the mind of any friend, they could report you to

Facebook If you try to friend too many people who don’t know you, you can likewise be reported, and your ability to request new friends may be disabled by Facebook.

If you don’t mind mixing the và công việc.

- Hai hồ sơ Facebook khác nhau: một hồ sơ cá nhân và một hồ sơ công việc.

- Chỉ giữ Facebook cá nhân và không trộn lẫn công việc vào đó.

Mỗi phương án này đều có cả những mặt lợi và mặt hại mà chưa có câu trả lời rõ ràng hoặc phương pháp tốt nhất được nêu ra Mặc dù nó có thể không trọn vẹn, nhưng điều này sẽ quan trọng cho bạn với tư cách bạn là một nhà tiếp thị hoặc công ty Vậy nên bạn hãy xem xét từng tùy chọn này.

(Đ7) Hồ sơ Facebook cá nhân

ANALYSIS

Difficult Words

Normally, looking up the meaning of a word, we can use it by dictionary.

On the other hand, in some cases, there is no equivalent meaning in Vietnamese for some English words or phrases used in the original text; thus, we have to choose the most suitable meaning based on the context in which the words happen to create the most faithful meaning we need to do I sometimes have to use the free translation method to change the specific words to the nearest target language equivalent Below are some of the difficult kinds of words and phrases that I must face up with when translating.

Multi-meaning words are words that have more than one meaning in the dictionary; and depending on the certain sentence or context, they will be understood with their different meanings If translators do not have a deep knowledge about these words as well as the context of the original text it will lead to convert meaning incorrectly.

“All these issues are addressed throughout the next few pages.”

In Oxford Dictionary, the word “addressed” has many meanings:

[1] to think about a problem or a situation and decide how you are going to deal with it

[2] to write on an envelope, etc the name and address of the person, company, etc that you are sending it to by mail

[3] to make a formal speech to a group of people

[4] to say something directly to somebody

[5] to use a particular name or title for somebody when you speak or write to them

“Addressed” has a lot of meanings in the dictionary It seems that the first meaning is the most suitable The first time I chose the meaning [2] and the equivalence “viết địa chỉ” in Vietnamese but I think this meaning is not suitable in this situation, so I decided to choose the first meaning, which means "trình bày" in Vietnamese.

 Suggested version: “Tất cả những vấn đề này sẽ được trình bày trong vài trang tiếp theo”

“How all this ties together and affects marketers trying to use Facebook as part of their marketing strategy for their brand, product, or service.”

In Oxford Dictionary, the word “tie” means:

[1] to attach or hold two or more things together using string, rope, etc.; to fasten somebody/something with string, rope, etc

[2] tie something + adv./prep to fasten something to or around something else

[3] tie something to make a knot in a piece of string, rope, etc.

[4] to be closed or fastened with a knot, etc

[5] to connect or link somebody/something closely with somebody/something else

[6] to limit somebody's freedom to act and make them unable to do everything they want to

[7] (of two teams, etc.) to have the same number of points

[8] tie something (in written music) to join notes with a tie

“Tie” has a lot of meanings in the dictionary It seems that the fifth meaning is the most suitable The first time I chose the meaning [1] and the equivalence “buộc” in Vietnamese But this means to to attach or hold two or more things together using string, rope, it not suitable in this situation After considering these carefully, I decided to choose the meaning [5], which is equal to the word "liên kết" in Vietnamese.

 Suggested version: Tất cả những điều này liên kết với nhau và ảnh hưởng như thế nào đến các nhà tiếp thị đang cố gắng sử dụng Facebook như một phần của chiến lược tiếp thị cho thương hiệu, sản phẩm hoặc dịch vụ của họ.

“If you don’t mind mixing the personal and the professional, you can maintain a single Facebook profile in which all engagement with the platform originates from that one profile.” (paragraph 7, page 23)

In Oxford Dictionary, the word “engagement” means:

[1] an agreement to marry somebody; the period during which two people are engaged

[2] an arrangement to do something at a particular time, especially something official or something connected with your job

[3] being involved with somebody/something in an attempt to understand them/it

[4] fighting between two armies, etc.

[5] an arrangement to employ somebody; the process of employing somebody

There are five meanings for “engagement” in dictionary However, to make it logical with the meaning of the whole sentence, I translated it with the third

 Suggested version: Nếu bạn không ngại kết hợp hồ sơ cá nhân và nghề nghiệp, bạn có thể duy trì một hồ sơ Facebook duy nhất trong đó tất cả các tương tác với nền tảng đều bắt nguồn từ một hồ sơ đó.

“You can block apps that are aggressive in how they post to people's walls.” (paragraph 17, page 31)

In Oxford Dictionary, the word “aggressive” has many meanings:

[1] angry, and behaving in a threatening way; ready to attack

[2] determined and acting with force in order to succeed

[3] developing quickly and difficult to treat

[4] (of medical treatment) using all possible treatment options in order to extend somebody’s life

The word “ aggressive ” has four meanings However, basing on the context I think the best choice is the first meaning because the author focuses on the threatening content “bạo lực” would be appropriate in this ccontext.

 Suggested version: “Bạn có thể chặn các ứng dụng có nội dung bạo lực khi chúng được đăng tải lên tường của mọi người.”

A phrasal verb is the combination of two or three words from different grammatical categories such as an adverb or a preposition, or sometimes both, to give a new meaning different from the original verb In this original text, there are some phrasal verbs making me confused during the process of translation.

Example 5: In the sentence in paragraph 1, page 19

“The marketer side of you will perk up in the next chapter to create a Page and/or Group and link that to your profile.”

According to Oxford Dictionary, the phrase “perk up” is described through 3 meanings as follows:

[1] to become or to make somebody become more cheerful or lively, especially after they have been ill or sad

[2] to increase, or to make something increase in value, etc.

[3] to make something more interesting, more attractive, etc.

In the context of the sentence, I think the suitable meaning is the sencond meaning So I decided to translate the phrase “perk up” into “trình bày, hỗ trợ

 Suggested version: “Bên tiếp thị sẽ hỗ trợ bạn trong chương tiếp theo để tạo Trang hoặc Nhóm và liên kết trang đó với hồ sơ của bạn.”

Example 6: In the sentence in paragraph 6, page 22

“ To deal with this dilemma, individuals typically have three options to choose from:”

According to Oxford Dictionary, the phrase “deal with” is described through

[1] to take appropriate action in a particular situation or according to who you are talking to, managing, etc.

[2] to do business with a person, a company or an organization

[3] to solve a problem, perform a task, etc

This phrasal verb has four meanings Due to the context, I think the best answer is the third meaning because the rest do not seem to be suitable. Hence, I used the meaning “giải quyết” in Vietnamese to interpret it.

 Suggested version: “Để giải quyết tình huống khó xử này, các cá nhân thường có ba phương án để lựa chọn:”

Sentence structures

A simple sentence consists of one independent clause (An independent clause contains a subject and verb and expresses a complete thought.

Example 7: (paragraph 1, page 19) “Maybe you have taken the time to review the Terms of Service and Privacy Policy.”

In the sentence, there is one subject that is “You” and one verb that is “have taken” So, it is a simple sentence.

- Adverbial: to review the Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

 Suggested version: Có thể bạn đã dành thời gian để xem lại Điều khoản dịch vụ và Chính sách quyền riêng tư.

Example 8: (paragraph 10, page 25) “Some people maintain Facebook as their personal social network and use LinkedIn as their professional network to connect with colleagues.”

In the sentence, there is one subject “some people” and two verbs

“maintain” and “use” So, it is a simple sentence.

- Complement 1: as their personal social network

- Complement 2: as their professional network

- Adverbial: to connect with colleagues

 Suggested version: Một số người duy trì Facebook như mạng xã hội cá nhân của họ và sử dụng LinkedIn làm mạng lưới chuyên nghiệp để kết nối với đồng nghiệp.

A compound sentence is two (or more) independent clauses joined by a conjunction or semicolon Each of these clauses could form a sentence alone.

Structure 1: INDEPENDENT CLAUSE +, Coordinating Conjunction + INDEPENDENT CLAUSE

Structure 2: INDEPENDENT CLAUSE + ; Conjunctive adverb, + INDEPENDENT CLAUSE

Structure 3: INDEPENDENT CLAUSE + ; + INDEPENDENT CLAUSE

Example 9: (paragraph 9, page 24) “Some want to maintain separate personas, split between personal and professional lives , so they decide to create two different Facebook profiles.”

In the sentence, there are two independent clauses separated by one comma and one coordinating conjunctions “so” The first independent clause is

“Some want to maintain separate personas, split between personal and professional lives”, the other independent clause is “they decide to create two different Facebook profiles.”

 Suggested version: Một số người muốn duy trì tính cá nhân riêng biệt, tách biệt giữa cuộc sống cá nhân và công việc, vì vậy họ quyết định tạo hai hồ sơ Facebook khác nhau.

Example 10: (paragraph 34, page 27) “Everyone on Facebook can see the group and its members list, but only group members can see the content.”

In the sentence, there are independent clauses connected by a comma and a coordinating conjunction “but” to separate them The first independent clause is “Everyone on Facebook can see the group and its members list”, and the second independent clause is “only group members can see the content”

 Suggested version: Mọi người trên Facebook có thể xem nhóm và danh sách thành viên của nhóm, nhưng chỉ thành viên nhóm mới có thể xem nội dung.

Complex sentences contain one independent clause and can contain more than one dependent, or subordinate, clauses that need the independent clause to form a complete thought.

Structure: INDEPENDENT CLAUSE + Subordinating Conjunction + DEPENDENT CLAUSE

Subordinating Conjunction + DEPENDENT CLAUSE, INDEPENDENTCLAUSE

4.2.3.1 Complex sentence with adverbial clause:

Example 11: (paragraph 1, page 19) “These are all questions that fly around the interwebs when people discuss privacy concerns and Facebook.”

In the complex sentence, the main clause is “These are all questions” with the subject which is “these” and the verb which is “are” The first dependent clause is “that fly around the interwebs” and the other dependent clause is

“when people discuss privacy concerns and Facebook” They are connected by Subordinating Conjunction “that, when” to separate them

 Suggested version: Đây là tất cả những câu hỏi xoay quanh các trang mạng xã hội khi mọi người thảo luận về các mối quan tâm về quyền riêng tư và Facebook

Example 12: (paragraph 2, page 20) “As Facebook continues to grow, it is becoming less and less a purely personal network.”

In the sentence, the main clause is “it is becoming less and less a purely personal network” with the subject is “it” and verb is “is becoming” The dependent clause is “As Facebook continues to grow” They are connected by a Subordinating Conjunction “as” to separate them.

It is an adverbial clause of time

 Suggested version: Khi Facebook tiếp tục phát triển, nó không còn là một trang mạng cá nhân thuần túy.

Example 13: (paragraph 6, page 22) “Although it might not be clear yet, this will be important for you as a marketer or company.”

In this sentence, the main clause is “this will be important for you”. The first dependent clause is “Although it might not be clear yet” and the other dependent clause is “as a marketer or company” They are connected by a comma to separate them It is an adverbial clause of concession.

 Suggested version: Mặc dù nó có thể không rõ ràng, nhưng điều này sẽ quan trọng cho bạn với tư cách bạn là một nhà tiếp thị hoặc công ty.

Example 14: (paragraph 9, page 24) “If you are a solo entrepreneur, author, speaker, or some other personality-based business, you may consider creating a Facebook page for those business purposes.”

In this complex sentence, the main clause is “you may consider creating a

Facebook page for those business purposes” The dependent clause is “If you are a solo entrepreneur, author, speaker, or some other personality- based business” They are connected by a “comma” to separate them It is adverbial clause of condition.

 Suggested version: Nếu bạn là một doanh nhân, tác giả, diễn giả hoặc một số nhà kinh doanh cá nhân khác , bạn có thể cân nhắc việc tạo một trang Facebook riêng cho các mục đích kinh doanh.

4.2.3.2 Complex sentence with adjective clause (or relative clause):

Adjective clause (or relative clause) means that they modify nouns or pronouns

Example 15: (paragraph 21, page 35) “We start in the Manage Permissions section, which is the main one we’re concerned with here.”

In this sentence, the main clause is “We start in the Manage Permissions section” The first dependent clause is “which is the main one” and the other dependent clause is “we’re concerned with here” They are adjective/relative clause which acts an adjective to modify the phrase “the

Manage Permissions section” And they are connected by a Subordinating

Conjunction “which” to separate them.

 Suggested version: Chúng tôi bắt đầu trong các phần “Quyền Quản lý”, đây là phần chính mà chúng tôi tâm quan tâm ở đây.

Example 16: (paragraph 16, page 30) “You might want to block people who were offensive or are acting like stalkers ”

In this sentence, the main clause is “You might want to block people” The dependent clause “who were offensive or are acting like stalkers” is an adjective/relative clause which acts an adjective to modify the noun “people”.

 Suggested version: Bạn có thể chặn những người hành xử thiếu lịch sự hoặc đang có những hành động như kẻ theo dõi.

4.2.3.3 Complex sentence with noun clause:

Dependent noun clauses can do any of the noun jobs (subject, direct object, object of a preposition, etc.) They are introduced by wh- words or the word

“that” that you can call noun clause markers.

Example 17: (paragraph 17, page 31) “If you’re considering blocking a person, you might worry about whether they’ll know and if there might be repercussions from doing so.”

In the complex sentence, the main clause is “you might worry” with subject is “you” and verb is “might worry” The first dependent clause is conditional clause “If you’re considering blocking a person” , the second dependent clause – noun claus is “whether they’ll know” and the third dependent clause – noun clause is “if there might be repercussions from doing so” The second dependent clause is a noun clause with

 Suggested version: Nếu bạn đang cân nhắc việc chặn một ai đó, bạn có thể lo rằng liệu họ có biết không và việc này có thể gây ra hậu quả gì không.

Example 18: (paragraph 20, page 24) “You can even see exactly what your profile looks like to specific friends or family.”

In the complex sentence, the main clause is “You can even see exactly” with subject is “you” and verb is “can even see” The dependent clause is

“what your profile looks like to specific friends or family.” The dependent clause is a noun clause with Subordinator “what”.

 Suggested version: Bạn thậm chí có thể xem trước chính xác hồ sơ của mình trông như thế nào với tư cách bạn bè hoặc 1 thành viên cụ thể trong gia đình

A compound-complex sentence consists of at least two independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.

Structure: INDEPENDENT CLAUSE + Subordinating Conjunction + DEPENDENT CLAUSE + Coordinationg Conjunction + INDEPENDENT CLAUSE

DIFFICULTIES AND SOLUTIONS

Difficulties

This graduation paper offers a great opportunity for using my four years of translation experience This paper has also taught me a lot of useful information However, translating and analyzing the paper with absolute precision is pretty challenging.

Here are a number of the problems I ran into all through the translation process:

One of the major issues is vocabulary Sometimes, it made me quite perplexed in finding out suitable means for a word with multi-meanings. Although I actually have examined numerous books and determined out a few specialized phrases approximately archaeology, it is still not enough; thus, I needed to spend time looking up dictionaries and translating the textual content Furthermore, there were several words not existing in dictionary; and, they caused numerous challenges for me.

The second drawback is about the grammatical structures In fact, complex grammatical structures were the elements causing huge affects on my rendering process Honestly, it took me a completely long term to research the structures Besides, analyzing sentence’s components incorrectly became some obstacles for me, then result in shortcomings in my translation version.

Besides, it is really hard to keep the author's style This work necessitates much time and effort It can take us a week or maybe a month to identify "qualified words" Since the book focuses on the author's attitude that is not easy to express plainly, there are certain phrases or terms that force us to offer explanations.

In short, effectively translating a text is hard; it is instrumental for translators having solid background information in that field, and posesses wide range knowledge of the vocabulary and structures of both languages.

Solutions

For translators, they usually meet a few difficulties through translation process, however each person has his/her own solutions Apart from the matters I am having, I have my own methods to cope with them.

Firstly, it is essential for me to read through a translation before translating to understand the content material as well as capture the intention of the writer in the book.

Secondly, it’s time for me to find hard words, structures as well as phrases For vocabulary, I can use different dictionaries like Cambridge Dictionary, Oxford Learner's Dictionary to discover what the most suitable meaning is for each tough words or phrases With the words with multi- meanings, I would decide the best equivalent in Vietnamese based on the context of the text

Thirdly, to cope with complex sentence structures, I reviewed grammar points in textbooks and on a few websites, in order that I could analyze them as exactly as possible.

Finally, I usually attempted to create comfortable environment for myself and arrange time reasonably in order that I tried my best to complete as quickly as possible

Conclusions

During the process of writing this paper, I become confused a lot due to several difficulties; however, I came up with some useful solutions to deal with them Moreover, it helped me apprehend that translation degree I am in order that I could make more attempt to enhance my competence.

In addition, I consider that obtaining a precise understanding approximately diverse fields may be beneficial for translation Thus, I must read, learn and study vocabulary approximately the alternative fields in life as much as possible.

On the other hand, I found out that in order to have an easy and correct translation, I must get a particular supply of vocabulary in Vietnamese and English due to sometimes I had a trouble translating from SL into TL.

All in all, writing this paper is one of the good opportunities for me to enhance the translation skills and increase my understanding Nevertheless, I recognize that I although I have many shortcomings, I am going to make greater efforts to improve them.

Suggestions

After finishing my graduation paper, apart from gaining those helpful experiences, I would really like suggest a few points for the Faculty of English of Duy Tan University.

Firstly, the core subjects such as basic and advanced English grammar,translation theory, syntax and semantics should be more taught due to they are actually essential for students all through the translation process Students should spend a lot of time reading specialized books to expand their knowledge

Secondly, in practical subjects such as listening, speaking, and so on, I would prefer to study with foreign teachers rather than Vietnamese teachers.

Thirdly, I hope that in the class time of Translation subjects, the teacher should provide college students the texts linked to more fields, for example, some forms of business and legal documents, in order that we could have more possibilities to method and get familliar with numerous varieties of documents.

Finally, I would like to send my feedback to the Faculty and the university in order that we can discuss them and collaborate in the future to create a good learning environment for students.

I also would love to thank all of the teachers who helped and encouraged me during my time at Duy Tan University once more.

1 Duong Bach Nhat (2013) Writing 1 Faculty of English Duy Tan University.

2 Facebook Marketing_ Leveraging Facebook's Features for Your Marketing Campaigns

3 Newmark, P (1988) A textbook of translation London and New York.

4 Nguyễn Manh Quang (2011) The theory of translation Faculty of English Duy Tan University.

5 Meaning and Translation (n.d) Retrieved from http://staffnew.uny.ac.id/upload/132310009/penelitian/Meaning+and +translation.pdf

6 Translation Theories, Strategies, and Basic Theoretical Issues

(n.d.) Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/36951517/Translation_Theories_Strateg ies_and_Basic_Theoretical_Issues

7 Translation Theory (n.d) Retrieved from https://123doc.net/document/2373852-ly-thuyet-dich-thuat- translation-theory.htm

9 https://dictionary.cambridge.org/vi/

11 https://salahlibrary.files.wordpress.com/2017/03/a-linguistic- theory-of-translation.pdf

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