AN ANALYSIS OF THE SUGGESTED TRANSLATION OF CHAPTER 4 FROM THE BOOK START WITH WHY HOW GREAT LEADERS INSPIRE EVERYONE TO TAKE ACTION BY SIMON SINEK, 2009

DUY TAN UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGLISH NGUYEN THI TRA MY AN ANALYSIS OF THE SUGGESTED TRANSLATION OF CHAPTER FROM THE BOOK "START WITH WHY: HOW GREAT LEADERS INSPIRE EVERYONE TO TAKE ACTION " BY SIMON SINEK, 2009 GRADUATION PAPER IN ENGLISH LINGUISTICS DA NANG, 2022 DUY TAN UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGLISH NGUYEN THI TRA MY AN ANALYSIS OF THE SUGGESTED TRANSLATION OF CHAPTER FROM THE BOOK "START WITH WHY: HOW GREAT LEADERS INSPIRE EVERYONE TO TAKE ACTION " BY SIMON SINEK, 2009 Major: English for Translation - Interpretation SUPERVISOR : PHAN THI LE HUYEN, MA STUDENT : NGUYEN THI TRA MY CLASS : K24NAB STUDENT CODE: 24203111468 DA NANG, 2022 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT  To teachers at Duy Tan university! To my supervisor – Ms Huyen, M.A! During my four years at university with teacher’s guidance, family’s care and friend’s cooperating, I had reached valuable experience and knowledge I am very grateful to all of you for your help, precious experience and useful lessons, which will support me in the future, especially my career First of all, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Ms Phan Thi Le Huyen, M.A Lecturer at Duy Tan University's, Faculty of English, my supervisor for her precious assistance, useful comments and enthusiastic help to me during the process of completing this graduation Secondly, I would like to take this opportunity to thank my classmates at Duy Tan University and all my close friends for their encouragement Nextly, many words of thanks to the library of Duy Tan University for helping me with materials during the time I was learning at university, especially, during the period time I am writing this graduation paper Last but not least, I especially want to thank all my family members for their love, help, and understanding In conclusion, I am grateful to all of youI wish you good health, happiness, and success! Yours sincerely! Student Nguyen Thi Tra My STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP  Except where reference is made in the text of the thesis, this thesis contains no material published elsewhere or extracted in the whole or in part from a thesis by which have qualified for or been awarded another degree or diploma No other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the thesis This thesis has not been submitted for award of any degree or diploma in any other tertiary institution Danang, May 2022 NGUYEN THI TRA MY ABSTRACT  This paper presents the suggested version of the original chapter in the book and provides some terminologies and vocabularies in business Moreover, it gives some difficulties and solutions happening during the translation process, especially when translating some phrases and sentences relating to trade and economy The graduation paper will help the translator to get some experience and to identify some mistakes and difficulties arising in the translation process Based on this way, the translator can improve their knowledge and understand some strengths and weaknesses of translation TABLE OF CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS A: adverbial Adj: adjective BCI: Big Company Incorporated C: complement CEO: Chief Executive Officer Conj: conjunction NP: noun phrase O: object P: paragraph PC: Personal Computer S: Subject SL: Source language TL: Target language V: Verb Graduation Paper 7Supervisor: Phan Thi Le Huyen, M.A CHAPTER INTRODUCTION Rationale Society is more and more growing and modern Everyone wants a job with a stable salary However, the majority of people not know how to start work, they cannot find direction for themselves Nowadays, most young people feel depressed, pressured, stressed with work and life It has also become a popular topic used by authors to provide an insight for their readers Simon Sinek is one of the most famous speakers in the world His book "Start with Why: How Great Leaders Inspire People To Take Action" will give people a new perspective on the lessons the author brings to people Whether it's at work or the smallest things in life Those practical lessons will give us a new perspective on life and apply it to our lives to change our lives every day and make it better and better In addition, the author analyzes each step in the process of achieving the goals of the leaders, then gives comments and lessons from them on how they started their work and became rich The content of the book is about constant effort, not giving up in any difficult situation Student:Nguyen Thi Tra My Code: 24203111468 Graduation Paper 8Supervisor: Phan Thi Le Huyen, M.A Aims and objectives 2.1.Aims Through the graduation thesis, I would like to bring the following aims as follows: • Improving translation skills through confusing vocabulary, structures, and idioms • Bringing a deeper and broader view of life through successful leaders • Helping Vietnamese readers understand the working culture of many different countries • Having a suggested translation for students studying with a major in English • Providing difficult phares, sentence structures to advoid misleading for readers 2.2.Objectives By carrying out this graduation thesis, I have got lots of helpful things: • Improving my translation skills, using suitable words and structures of any sentences • Knowing the type of style suitable for each translated text • Knowing how to apply theory of translation to the study • Understanding more about terms and concepts of the cultural and political field through the analysis of vocabulary and sentence structures • Learning more difficult and complex vocabularies, phrases, or structures which easily make misunderstand for readers Scope of the study The book that I selected to translate is “Start with Why: How Great Leaders Inspire Everyone to Take Action” by Simon Sinek published in 2009 The graduation paper is translated from the original version and given the analysis of a suggested translation of the book Besides, this graduation paper Student:Nguyen Thi Tra My Code: 24203111468 Graduation Paper 9Supervisor: Phan Thi Le Huyen, M.A focuses on translating and analyzing the suggested version and some difficult vocabularies and structures of the chapter " How to rally those who believe” as well as giving some essential solutions to solve these problems 3.1.Text Features The book “ Start with Why” is a book that expands the horizons and knowledge of so many people, inspiring them using real-life examples of great leaders to show you how they communicate and how you can adjust their thinking to inspire others In many cases, coming up with an answer is difficult, but posing a question for that difficult answer is much more difficult People tend to answer more than why, so in this book, you can experience things you never thought possible, as well as gain more motivation to learn and self-improvement step by step 3.2.Text Length This book includes chapters Because the time is limited and the book is too long, I just chose chapter “ How to rally those who believe” from the book “Start with Why: How Great Leaders Inspire Everyone to Take Action by Simon Sinek”, with total 4,500 words of the book to translate 3.3.Text Organization This graduation thesis consists of six chapters: • Chapter is the introduction of this thesis This is the introdution of rationale, aims and objectives, scope, methods and organizaton of the study • • • Chapter is about the theoretical background of translation Chapter is the translated version of the report Chapter is about the analysis of vocabulary and structures of the suggested translation Student:Nguyen Thi Tra My Code: 24203111468 Graduation Paper • 10Supervisor: Phan Thi Le Huyen, M.A Chapter shows the difficulties during the translation process and gives some solutions to deal with the difficulties • Chapter gives out conclusions as well as suggestions This part includes the summary of findings, experiences that I gained through this graduation paper and some proposals which I wanted to send to the university and the department 3.4.Text Source The text is a part of the book “Start with Why: How Great Leaders Inspire Everyone to Take Action” by Simon Sinek published in 2009 Methods of the study I finished this the graduation paper based on some main methods such as : - Reading whole text to understand the main content of the text - Reading carefully again to identify and note difficult words, phrases or common idioms, terminologies, structures of the text - Determining the style of the document - Discussing with the supervisor, colleagues, friends and referring those terminologies, expressions and structures on the Internet - Completing and offering a suggested version of the text Student:Nguyen Thi Tra My Code: 24203111468 Graduation Paper 51Supervisor: Phan Thi Le Huyen, M.A A complex sentence is a sentence that contains an independent clause and one or more dependent clauses (subordinating clause) in which there is a subordinator (when, where, as, since, although, etc.) An independent clause can stand alone as a sentence, but a dependent clause even though it has a subject and a verb cannot stand alone 4.2.3.1 Noun Clauses Example 19: “They were able to explain what was new and special about their latest innovation, and focus groups agreed that the new product was much better than that of the competition” [P36] Main clause: “They were able to explain” Subordinate clauses: “what was new and special about their latest innovation” and “that the new product was much better than that of the competition” (Noun clauses) My suggested version: “Họ giải thích điều đặc biệt đổi gần họ họ tập trung vào nhóm người ủng hộ sản phẩm (của họ) tốt nhiều so sản phẩm cạnh tranh.” 4.2.3.2 Adjective Clauses The Adjective clause (also called Relative clause) is a subordinate clause as an adjective used to modify or explain more clearly the noun or pronoun preceding it It has two types of clauses, they are: Defining Relative Clauses and Non–defining Relative Clauses Example 20: “The excitement is trying to find new ways, different WHATs to bring my cause to life, of which this book is one.” Student:Nguyen Thi Tra My [P 11] Code: 24203111468 Graduation Paper 52Supervisor: Phan Thi Le Huyen, M.A Main clause: “The excitement is trying to find new ways, different WHATs to bring my cause to life.” Subordinate clause: “of which this book is one.” (adjective clause) The adjective clause modifies the noun phrase “new ways, different WHATs to bring my cause to life” My suggested version: “Điều thú vị cố gắng tìm cách thức mới, điều khác biệt để thực mục tiêu sống, sách chứa đựng điều đó.” Example 21: “Bill Gates imagined a world in which the computer could help us all reach our greatest potential.” [P 22] Main clause: “Bill Gates imagined a world” Subordinate clause: “in which the computer could help us all reach our greatest potential.” (adjective clause) My suggested version: “Bill Gates hình dung giới mà máy tính giúp tất đạt tiềm lớn mình.” 4.2.3.3 Adverbial Clauses Example 22: “When a WHY is clear, those who share that belief will be drawn to it and maybe want to take part in bringing it to life.” [P 13] Student:Nguyen Thi Tra My Code: 24203111468 Graduation Paper 53Supervisor: Phan Thi Le Huyen, M.A Main clause: “those who share that belief will be drawn to it and maybe want to take part in bringing it to life.” Subordinate clause (adverbial clause of time): “When a WHY is clear,” Suggested version: “Khi lý TẠI SAO rõ ràng, người có chung niềm tin bị thu hút muốn tham gia vào việc ứng dụng vào sống.” Example 23: “Dr King spoke about the philosophical implications of the movement, while Abernathy, Dr King's onetime mentor, long-time friend and financial secretary and treasurer of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, would help people understand the specific steps they needed to take.” [P17] Main Clause: “Dr King spoke about the philosophical implications of the movement.” Subordinate clause: (adverbial clause of time) “while Abernathy, Dr King's onetime mentor, long-time friend and financial secretary and treasurer of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, would help people understand the specific steps they needed to take” My suggested version: “Tiến sĩ King nói ý nghĩa triết học phong trào, Abernathy, người cố vấn cho Tiến sĩ King, người bạn lâu năm ông, đồng thời thư ký tài kiêm thủ quỹ Hội đồng Lãnh đạo Cơ đốc giáo miền Nam, cho người bước cụ thể mà họ cần thực hiện.” Example 24: “When Gates speaks, he doesn't rally a room, he inspires it.“ [P2] In the above complex sentence, the two independent clauses are connected by a comma And there is a dependent clause (adverbial clause of time) Student:Nguyen Thi Tra My Code: 24203111468 Graduation Paper 54Supervisor: Phan Thi Le Huyen, M.A Main Clause: “he doesn't rally a room, he inspires it” Subordinate clause (adverbial clause of time): “When Gates speaks” My suggested version: “Khi Gates nói, ông không thu hút ý khán phịng mà ơng truyền cảm hứng cho họ ” 4.2.4 Compound-Complex sentences The compound - complex sentence is similar to complex sentences but it consists of a simple or compound sentence that precedes or follows a complex sentence This type is a more complex form than a compound sentence Example 25: “Herb Kelleher was able to personify and preach the cause of freedom, but it was Rollin King who came up with the idea for Southwest Airlines.” [P 28] There are two independent clauses in this sentence: Independent clause 1:“Herb Kelleher was able to personify and preach the cause of freedom.” Independent clause 2:“ it was Rollin King who came up with the idea for Southwest Airlines.” The second independent clause is followed by a subordinate clause (adjective clause) My suggested version: “Herb Kelleher nhân cách hóa rao giảng lý tự Rollin King người đưa ý tưởng cho Southwest Airlines (hãng hàng không giá rẻ lớn Mỹ).” Example26: Student:Nguyen Thi Tra My Code: 24203111468 Graduation Paper 55Supervisor: Phan Thi Le Huyen, M.A “I was at law school in England, where the law is one of the last truly "English" professions; not wearing a pinstriped suit to an interview could hurt my chances of getting a job.” [P 10] In the above compound-complex sentence, the two independent clauses are connected by a semi colon And there is a dependent clause (adjective clause introduced with “where”) Independent clause 1: “I was at law school in England” Independent clause 2: “not wearing a pinstriped suit to an interview could hurt my chances of getting a job.” Dependent clause : “where the law is one of the last truly "English" My suggested version: “Tôi học trường luật Anh, nơi mà luật nghề cuối thật “nước Anh”; nơi mà không mặc com lê kẻ sọc đến buổi vấn làm hội việc làm tôi.” 4.2.5 Sentences in Passive Voice The passive voice is used when we want to emphasize the action (the verb) and the object of a sentence rather than subject This means that the subject is either less important than the action itself or that we don’t know who or what the subject is Example 27: “With a childhood passion that became reality, Armstrong was destined to become an astronaut.” [P 7] In this case, I translated the passive structure " was destined " into "đã định sẵn" to emphasize the author's point about what was predicted in advance My suggested version: “Với niềm đam mê từ thuở nhỏ trở thành thực, Armstrong định sẵn để trở thành phi hành gia.” Student:Nguyen Thi Tra My Code: 24203111468 Graduation Paper 56Supervisor: Phan Thi Le Huyen, M.A Example 28: “And when that happens, a tipping point can be reached and then things really get moving.” [P 21] In this case, I translated the phrase "can be reached" into "có thể đạt tới" to emphasize the author's point of to emphasizing what dreams can be achieved My suggested version: “Và điều xảy ra, đạt tới điểm giới hạn sau thứ thực tiến triển.” 4.2.6 Sentences with Empty Subjects A dummy subject is a sentence used in the case it is not clear who caused the action or to emphasize an action in the sentence Example 29: “There/ is/ no doubt that their message was loud” [P 36] S(F) V S(R) My suggested version: “Chắc chắn thông điệp họ đến với công chúng.” Example 30: “As is the case with almost all great leaders, there were others around Dr King who knew better HOW to that.” [P 18] “…There/ were/ others/ around Dr King who knew better HOW to S(F) V S(R) Student:Nguyen Thi Tra My A that.” Code: 24203111468 Graduation Paper 57Supervisor: Phan Thi Le Huyen, M.A My suggested version: “Cũng giống hầu hết nhà lãnh đạo vĩ đại khác, bên cạnh tiến sĩ King có người biết cách LÀM THẾ NÀO để thực nhiệm vụ đó.” Example 31: “It's all fine and good to know how to drive, but it's more fulfilling when you have a place to go.” [P 19] The word "It" is often translated as "nó" in Vietnamese If I had analyzed this sentence word by word, it would have easily changed the meaning of the sentence "It” is used to indicate the existence of “to know how to drive ” My suggested version: “Thật tốt tiện lợi bạn biết lái xe tuyệt bạn có nới để đến.” Student:Nguyen Thi Tra My Code: 24203111468 Graduation Paper 58Supervisor: Phan Thi Le Huyen, M.A CHAPTER DIFFICULTIES AND SOLUTIONS 5.1 Difficulties This graduation paper is a good opportunity for me to apply skills learned at Duy Tan University and gain new knowledge Through my graduation paper, I have understood more about cultural and social fields as well as the translation field However, I still encountered difficulties in the process of making this paper First of all, although I have learned a lot about specialized theories in the field of translation, in the process of translating I still cannot understand and choose the most accurate meaning with the style of the translation especially words containing rhetoric Finding the right word uses for the text took a lot of my time Second, I don't have much experience in translation, so the main problem I have is not being able to translate this report in a smooth, natural, and attractive way Student:Nguyen Thi Tra My Code: 24203111468 Graduation Paper 59Supervisor: Phan Thi Le Huyen, M.A Thirdly, the time to translate this text is quite short while the length of the text is quite long and there are many parts in the report that's why I don't have enough time to devote all my time to study it thoroughly text and analyze difficult as well as possible expressions Finally, because the author is a native speaker, he speaks and uses a very rich and varied vocabulary of English in his daily life, so he sometimes encounters difficult structures to cause misunderstandings There are some words that are from the author's locality so it is difficult to translate even into English, so I keep the original meaning 5.2 Solutions In order to overcome the difficulties mentioned in the translation process, I have used the skills and knowledge that I have accumulated over the years to be able to solve as well as asked my supervisor for advice Firstly, I spend time reading many books, newspapers, watching English programs, and social networking sites Besides, I used many kinds of dictionaries, such as: English - Vietnamese dictionary of Linguistic Institute, Cambridge dictionary, Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, Lingoes Essential Dictionary, etc to improve my vocabulary From there, it can improve the ability to use words in accordance with the translated text, without causing misunderstandings of what the author wants to convey to the reader Secondly, I carefully read the translated text and take note of all difficult words and phrases that are difficult to translate, highlighting structures that confuse or not understand during the reading process Furthermore, I consulted with my advisor, and friends to choose the best translation that suits the style of the translation Student:Nguyen Thi Tra My Code: 24203111468 Graduation Paper 60Supervisor: Phan Thi Le Huyen, M.A Finally, because the essay is fairly extensive, there are numerous phases, and the time limit is quite low, finishing it on time is challenging As a result, I'll break the lesson down into sections and emphasize the most critical ones first PART CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS 6.1 Summary In the process of making this graduation paper , I have gained a lot of valuable experience as well as realized that I still have many weaknesses to improve The first thing is although my graduation paper has many errors in grammar, syntax as well as the way to express the ideas of the text, I have learned a lot of useful knowledge and skills during the years of studying at the school Faculty of English - Duy Tan University At the same time, through this thesis, I have had the opportunity to practice as well as develop my translation skills and be able to improve my ability to analyze, express, and add a lot of valuable experience in the process completion of this paper Secondly, when doing this paper, I have time to review my knowledge to see what aspect I am weak at Although learning about translation it has never been easy for me Student:Nguyen Thi Tra My Code: 24203111468 Graduation Paper 61Supervisor: Phan Thi Le Huyen, M.A The next is I think I have to study and practice more in many different fields to gain more knowledge, succeed in the field of translation and interpretation, and become a more complete person Finally, because knowledge and time is limited, mistakes are inevitable So, I hope to receive all objective comments and sympathy from all teachers and my supervisor However, through this paper, I had more knowledge and skills to prepare for my career in the future 6.2 Suggestions From my point of view, I would like to desire to bring many benefits for the Faculty of English – Duy Tan University as well as students Firstly, as a language major student in general and a translation student in particular, we think each student needs to master his or her knowledge in as many fields as possible, practice a lot to improve translation skills and develop develop yourself In particular, it is necessary to carefully study the structure, syntax, semantics, to understand the author's intention and reproduce information in the text Secondly, I hope that lecturers will equip students with more specialized knowledge is important such as: grammars and structures of many kinds of sentence; thanks to that, students will have a firm knowledge foundation to any project Moreover, as a language student, I think reading a lot of books, novels, articles and even magazines is very important It helps to improve both our mother tongue and the foreign language we are learning Besides, it not only Student:Nguyen Thi Tra My Code: 24203111468 Graduation Paper 62Supervisor: Phan Thi Le Huyen, M.A helps to have more useful knowledge but also is the best way to increase vocabulary, how to use words that are appropriate to the context Furthermore, I think in class should have mini games, funny quizzes, etc, it can help students not feel confined and bored as well as increase the interaction between students and the teacher in each lesson to create a comfortable environment to attract student's attention In conclusion, I hope the suggestions above will be useful for both learners and teachers After finishing this paper, I saw that I learn more knowledge and my translation skills have been improved a lot This will be a good experience for me in the future Student:Nguyen Thi Tra My Code: 24203111468 Graduation Paper Supervisor: Phan Thi Le Huyen, M.A REFERENCES BOOKS: English Books [1.] Catford, J.C., (1965), A Linguistic Theory of Translation, Oxford University Press [2.] Hatim and Mason,(1997), The semiotic Level of Context and Discourse [3.] NewMark P., (1989), A textbook of Translation, Prentice-Hall Vietnamese Books [4.] Nguyễn Mạnh Quang (2013), Translation Theory, Duy Tan University, Department of Foreign Language Webpages: [5.] Cambridge Dictionary Retrieved from https://dictionary.cambridge.org/vi/ [6.] Oxford Learner’s Dictionaries Retrieved from https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/ [7.] Tratu Soha Dictionary Retrieved from http://tratu.soha.vn/ Student:Nguyen Thi Tra My Code: 24203111468 Graduation Paper Supervisor: Phan Thi Le Huyen, M.A [8.] Wikipedia (n d) Retrieved from https://vsao.club/golden-circle-la-gi/ [9.] Wikipedia (n d) Retrieved from https://diendantienganh.com/bai-viet/Phan-biet-menh-de-doc-lap-vamenh-de-phu-thuoc_2561.html SUPERVISOR’S COMMENTS Student:Nguyen Thi Tra My Code: 24203111468 Graduation Paper Supervisor: Phan Thi Le Huyen, M.A Student:Nguyen Thi Tra My Code: 24203111468 ... TAN UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGLISH NGUYEN THI TRA MY AN ANALYSIS OF THE SUGGESTED TRANSLATION OF CHAPTER FROM THE BOOK "START WITH WHY: HOW GREAT LEADERS INSPIRE EVERYONE TO TAKE ACTION " BY SIMON. .. misunderstand for readers Scope of the study The book that I selected to translate is ? ?Start with Why: How Great Leaders Inspire Everyone to Take Action? ?? by Simon Sinek published in 2009 The graduation... need to understand the theoretical background of translation if they want to be a good translator There are so many concepts of translation, which are developed by lots of famous linguists of translation