nhirng thoi h u , tat xau, t^ nan xa hpi len loi vao mpi hang cung ngo hem, tir thanh thj toi nong thon, t u dong bang toi mien niii. V i the ma the h f tre ngay
nay can phai tinh tao Iva chpn cho minh mpt 161 song phu htyp, lanh m?nh. Do la each de thanh nien ngay nay tao lap cho minh mpt nen tang dao due, nhan la each de thanh nien ngay nay tao lap cho minh mpt nen tang dao due, nhan thuc dung dan, tranh xa nhirng cam do tam thuong, thap hen trong cupc song. Ben canh do, tuoi tre can phai c6 kien thiic ve HIV/AIDS de giiip cho ban than phong tranh lay nhiem va tham gia cac hoat dpng xa hoi nham tuyen truyen va nang cao nhan thuc cua nhiing nguoi xung quanh de hp c6 cai nhin dung d i n hon ve HIV/AIDS cung nhu doi voi nhiJng nguoi bi benh.
"Cupc song khong c6 tieng hat nhu gupc song khong c6 anh sang mat troi", Moi chiing ta hay la nhung not nhac gop vao ban hoa ca niem v u i cua cupc Moi chiing ta hay la nhung not nhac gop vao ban hoa ca niem v u i cua cupc song. Muon v|iy, ngay t u bay gio chiing ta hay chung tay gop sue v o l nhau tao nen mpt thanh tri vung chac day liii can b?nh the ki AIDS, giiip cho cupc song tro nen lanh manh va hanh phiic hon. "Hanh phvic chi c6 the c6 duoc khi ta trai qua mpt noi dau kho v i dai". Hay tin la nhu vay.
Vu Lan Huong
* Ldfp 12 Van, TruangTHPTchuyen Nguyen Hu$-HdNQi
^di s6 72: Suy nghi cua anh (chi) ve vi^c giu gin ban sic van hoa qua
truyfn ngan Mot nguai Ha Ngi cua Nguyen Khai. <6dildm <6dildm
/' Chang tham cung the hoa nhai A. Dau khong thanh lick cung nguai Trang An Dau khong thanh lick cung nguai Trang An
i i ivM (Ca dao)
Vang, cau ca dao ay da khai quat nhirng net thanh lich cua con nguoi va manh dat ngan nam van hieh. Co le, chinh nhiing net d?p do da de lai trong manh dat ngan nam van hieh. Co le, chinh nhiing net d?p do da de lai trong long moi nguoi con cua manh dat nay that nhieu hoai n i f m. La nha van sinh ra 6 da't kinh k i , Nguyen Khai da the hi?n su tinh te, nhay cam ciia minh truac nhiing net van hoa rat rieng cua Ha Npi qua truyen ngan "Mot nguai Ha Ngi"
dupe rut t u tap "Ha Noi trong mat toi". Tac pham khong chi the hifn su nang niu, tran trpng nhung ve d^p van hoa cua mien dat nay, khong chi la sy xot xa niu, tran trpng nhung ve d^p van hoa cua mien dat nay, khong chi la sy xot xa cho su mai mpt eua nhiing gia tri van hoa, ma quan trpng hon la ca tac pham da de lai cho moi chung ta that nhieu suy ngam ve vi^c g i i i gin ban sac van hoa trong cupc song hom nay.
Co the noi, "Mot ngifoi Ha Noi" la mpt t r u y | n ngan thanh cong cua Nguyen Khai. Tac pham xoay quanh nhan vat chinh la ba Hien trong moi quan h§ voi Khai. Tac pham xoay quanh nhan vat chinh la ba Hien trong moi quan h§ voi su bien doi ciia thoi cupc. Nhung net d?p tinh tuy nhat cua nguoi Trang An duong nhu da dupe hpi tu 6 nhan v^t nay. Mpt trong nhirng net dac sac cua
186
pham la 6 cho tac gia khong di sau vao nhung sy ki^n Ion, ngupc lai ong huong ngoi biit ciia minh vao nhiing dieu het sue binh thuong, gian di hang huong ngoi biit ciia minh vao nhiing dieu het sue binh thuong, gian di hang ngay ciia cupc song nhung qua do van lam noi bat dupe nhiing net tinh each (jpc dao ciia nhan vat. Nhung net d^p trorig suy nghi ciia ba Hien dupe the jii^n truoc tien qua cai each ma ba chpn chong la mpt ong giao tieu hpc het sue binh thuong "khien ca Ha Npi phai kinh ngae", cai quyet djnh dung sinh con 6 tuoi bon muoi, trai hoan toan voi quan ni^m "Troi sinh voi, troi sinh eo" eiia xa hpi ta liic bay gio,... La mpt nguoi phu nix nhung ba luon ehii dpng, t u tin trong vi^e quan l i gia dinh boi ba y thuc rat ro vai tro quan trpng ciia mpt nguoi vp, nguoi me: "nguoi dan ba ma khong la npi tuang thi cai gia dinh ay cung cha ra sao". Khong nhung the, la mpt nguoi m?, ba uoh nSn eon t u nhirng cai nho nhat nhu ngoi an, chuyen cam bat, cam diia, miic canh,... Roi khi hai dua con trai lan lupt xin ra chien truong, nguoi m? ay "ciing dau don ma bang long" v i khong muon con song bam vao su hi sinh ciia ban be. O ba Hien, nguoi ta van thay sang len mpt niem tin manh l i ^ t vao ve d?p truong ton, vTnh cuu ciia Ha Npi: " M 6 i the h^ deu c6 mpt thoi vang son ciia hp. Ha Npi thi khong the. Thai nao no cung dep, mpt ve d?p rieng cho moi lua tuoi". Co the noi cai cot each ciia Ha Npi eon dupe the hien rat ro trong each ling xu ciia nhan vat nay. Do la su linh hoat day ban ITnh truoc nhiing doi thay ciia thai cupc, trong bat eii hoan canh nao van luon dam song la minh, t h i n g than, chan thanh, giau long t y trpng nhung ciing het sue kheo leo, thong minh. Con nguai ay van luon g i u gin nhiing net dac trung trong loi song ciia nguoi Ha Npi, bpc Ip cai quy phai, sang trpng, lich lam ciia nguai Ha Thanh t u each an mac, each bai t r i nha ciia, t u cai cam nhan het siic tinh te "trai ret, mua ray la luot chi d i i lam am ao ehii khong lam uat" den cai each lau ehui bat hoa thuy tien trong ngay giap Tet mpt each het sue t i mi,... da cho thay net d?p van hoa truong ton vinh eiiu 6 mpt nguoi Ha Npi het sue binh dj noi manh dat van hien nay. Trong nhan vat ba Hien vua c6 mpt Ha N p i t r i tu?, hi?n dai, thiie thoi lai vua ton tai mpt Ha N p i dai cac kieu sa, eo kinh, vai chieu sau van hoa. Du da C O tuoi, ba Hien van la "hat b y i vang eiia Ha Npi". . ^ , , j ;
The nhung cau chuyf n ciia Nguyen Khai dau chi danh cho eon nguai ciia Ha Npi ma eon huong den tat ca nhiing nguoi Viet Nam noi chung de giii den Ha Npi ma eon huong den tat ca nhiing nguoi Viet Nam noi chung de giii den hp thong di?p ve y thuc g i i i gin ban sae van hoa ciia dan toe. Van hoa c6 the hieu mpt each don gian la tat ca nhiing gia trj, nhiing net d?p ve vat chat va tinh than cua xa hpi, chung nao con nguoi con ton tai thi van hoa ciing se van con. Du 6 bat k i thai dai nao thi van hoa ciing dong vai tro het siic quan trpng. Ban sac van hoa la nhiing dac diem rieng ciia moi dan toe, gop phan khong nho vao vi^c hinh thanh nen mpt quoc gia dpc lap. Va c6 le cung khong phai
v6 CO ma Nguyen Trai khi xua da nhac den truyen tho'ng van hoa cua dan toe
ngay sau khi tu tuong nhan nghia 6 phan mo dau ciia "ang thien c6 hung van"
Dai cdo binh Ngd:
Viec nhan nghia cot a yen dan Qudn dieu phat truac lo tru bao Qudn dieu phat truac lo tru bao Nhu nude Dai Viet ta tie truac Von xtmg nen van hien da lau
Moi dan tpc can phai c6 mpt nen van hoa rieng ciing giong nhu moi ca nhan trong cuoc dai phai c6 ca tinh rieng de lam nen cai "toi" ciia chinh minh, de trong cuoc dai phai c6 ca tinh rieng de lam nen cai "toi" ciia chinh minh, de phan biet minh voi nguoi khac. Mot dat nuac lam sao c6 the ton tai ben virng khi ma nhac deh no, nguoi ta chang c6 ca gi de nho, chang c6 gi de noi den? Van hoa la mpt trong nhung yeu to quan trpng nhat lam nen truyen thong cua mpt dan tpc. NhCrng gia tri van hoa phi vat the ciing phan nao phan anh duoc tam tu, tinh cam, suy nghi, tarn hon con nguoi. Van hoa Viet gian di nhung c6 chieu sau va c6 ban sac rieng, con nguoi Viet Nam binh di, het sue tinh te^ nhung ciang v6 cung anh dung, kien cuong. Chinh truyen thong van hoa lam
nen cpi nguon, goc re cho dan tpc, tu do hinh thanh nen 6 con nguoi Vi^t Nam
long tu hao, tu ton dan toe, mpt niem tin manh liet vao tuong lai. Toi chpt nho den hinh anh cay si 6 den Ngpc Son ma Nguyen Khai da tirng nhac den trong den hinh anh cay si 6 den Ngpc Son ma Nguyen Khai da tirng nhac den trong
"Mot nguoi Ha Noi". Gio bao c6 the the lam nghieng ca tan, bat ca re nhung qua
bao phong ba bao tap, bao bien co thang tram ciia lich su, no lai hoi sinh, tro la non. Van hoa gop phan lam nen cai "vang son" cho qua khu, con qua khu gop non. Van hoa gop phan lam nen cai "vang son" cho qua khu, con qua khu gop phan hun due nen nhiing pham chat tot dep cua con nguoi bai van hoa thuong huong con nguoi ta den nhiing gia tri dep de cua cupe song, huong con nguoi ta den cai chan, thif n, mi, lam cho con nguoi song tot hon. Ben canh do, nhung cong trinh kien triic, nhung danh lam thang canh, di tich lich su,... khong chi cho thay nhiSng net van hoa rat rieng cua dat nuoc Vi^t Nam ma con dong gop khong nho vao vi^c quang ba hinh anh ciia Vif t Nam den ban be the gioi. Chua ke den doanh thu khong nho cho nganh dich vu tu du lich npi dia va quoc te^ tu vi^c quang ba hinh anh do, vi the ciia Vi^t Nam chac chan se dupe cai thi?n, dupe nang cao tren truong quoc te', rat nhieu co hpi mo ra cho su giao lim ca ve mat kinh te^ chinh tri phuc vu cho su phat trien ciia dat nuoc. Vi
the, neu chiing ta khong co y thuc giu gin ban sac van hoa ciia chinh dan tpc
minh thi t u chung ta se lam mat di vi the rieng ciia minh, se bi hoa tan vao nhiing nen van hoa khac tren the gioi. Co nhCrng thii khi da mat di ta van co nhiing nen van hoa khac tren the gioi. Co nhCrng thii khi da mat di ta van co the lay lai dupe nhung co nhung dieu neix khong niu giii thi no se tupt khoi tay
tamaimai. ;•'J/, fti'
188
CtyTNHHMTVDWHKhann Vi^
Trong boi canh xa hpi hif n nay, co rat nhieu thuan Ipi khi chiing ta mo ciia, riao luu voi cac nuoc tren the gioi, mo ra nhieu co hpi de quang ba cho van riao luu voi cac nuoc tren the gioi, mo ra nhieu co hpi de quang ba cho van jhoa Viet Nam voi ban be quoc te nhung neu nhu chiing ta khong co y thiic giir Wn ban sac van hoa dan tpc thi se lam mat dan di nhiing gia tri van hoa dpc |ao. Lam sao de hoa nhap ma khong hoa tan la mpt van de khong don gian lung khong phai la khong the lam dupe neu nhu moi nguoi chiing ta deu co ^ thiic giii gin nhiing net dep van hoa ciia dan tpc minh, dae bi^t la the'h^ tre jay nay. Moi nguoi hay t u trau doi cho minh von hieu biet ve van hoa dan
c. Lam sao de ban be quoc te hieu va yeu thich van hoa ciia dat nuoc chiing do cung la mpt each de giii gin ban sac van hoa boi ai do da tirng noi rang: do cung la mpt each de giii gin ban sac van hoa boi ai do da tirng noi rang:
ll^Cai cho di ciing la cai con lai mai mai". Vi^c giir gin truyen thong van hoa phai bat dau tir vi?c giii gin truyen thong ciia moi gia dinh, moi dia phuong, phai bat dau tir vi?c giii gin truyen thong ciia moi gia dinh, moi dia phuong, ^ n g mien cu the. Va moi net dae sac trong van hoa cua hon nam muoi dan tpe em se lam nen mpt nen van hoa Vi?t Nam da dang, dam da ban sac. Moi nguoi dan phai tu co y thiic bao v^ nhimg gia trj van hoa vat the va phi vat the aia vung mien minh, cua dat nuoc minh. Nha nuoc can co nhiing bi?n phap xir l i thich dang doi voi nhung hanh vi gay tac dpng xau den van hoa, song song voi nhung chinh sach hop li de triing tu, bao ton nhiing di tich, danh lam,... va giir gin nhirng gia trj van hoa phi vat the. Co the noi, vife giir gin nhiing gia trj van hoa khong phai la trach nhifm ciia rieng ai ma can eo sy tham gia ciia tat ca mpi nguoi, khong phai bang khau hi?u, bang loi noi ma bang nhiing viec lam het siic cu the.
Tuy nhien, giii gin ban sac van hoa khong co nghia la khong co su giao luu, hpc hoi. Moi nen van hoa deu co nhirng the manh rieng ciia no. Tiep thu mpt hpc hoi. Moi nen van hoa deu co nhirng the manh rieng ciia no. Tiep thu mpt each hpp l i co chpn Ipc se la dieu kien de lam giau co them von van hoa ciia dan tpc. Ngoai ra, cung chinh tir su giao luu ay ma ta co the biet dupe diem manh, diem yeu trong nen van hoa cua minh, tir do co the phat huy nhiing diem manh dong thoi hpc hoi nhiing kinh nghiem de co the khac phue nhirng dieu eon khiem khuyet.
Khong phai luc nao chiing ta cung co the giii gin dupe nhiing gia trj van hoa ciia minh boi le cupc song cung c6 nhiing bien co (chien tranh, thien tai,...) hoa ciia minh boi le cupc song cung c6 nhiing bien co (chien tranh, thien tai,...)
CO the lam cho nhiing eong trinh van hoa bj xuong cap nghiem trpng. Tuy
nhien, chiing ta van dang hang ngay co gang tim mpi each de co the giir gin
"lupc pho CO Ha Npi, chiia Mpt Cot,... Vi^t Nam vinh du dupe UNESCO cong
J^han mpt so cong trinh van hoa vat the va phi vat the la di san van hoa the gioi <la chiirng to su co gang, no luc khong ngirng cua chiing ta trong vi^c phat huy <la chiirng to su co gang, no luc khong ngirng cua chiing ta trong vi^c phat huy •chiing gia tri van hoa dan tpc. Cupe song hi^n dai hoi ha hon, eon nguoi ta b ^
Cam nong luygn thi DH Ngu Von tgp 2: Nghj luqn Xa hpi - l i Xuan Soon
rpn h o n , d i e u k i f n giao Imi quoc t e m o r p n g h o n bao g i o het n h u n g t h a m sau t r o n g m o i c h u n g ta la m p t tarn h o n Viet, m p t cot each Vi#t.
Co the n o i g i u g i n ban s i c v a n hoa k h o n g chi c6 y nghia v o i cong d o n g dan toe, n h a n loai m a con rat y nghia d o i v a i m o i con n g u a i v i n h i r n g gia t r i v a n hoa ay d u p e the h i ? n t r o n g nep song, nep n g h i hang ngay cua m o i con n g u o i .
C a m o n N g u y e n K h a i v o i "Mot nguffi Ha Not" b o i le, v o i t r u y e n ngan nay, ta n h a n ra r i n g v a n hoa la m p t net d?p c u a r u p c song va d u c6 n h u n g d o i thay t h i "nep song tot dep cua cha o n g v a n l a n g le chay t r o n g cupc song 6 at cua h o m nay". ,
H o a n g H o n g V a n
Lap 12 Phdp, Trucmg THPT chuyen Nguyen Hu? - Ha Noi
^di so 73: B i n h l u a n y k i e n :
"Khoa hoc ma khong c6 luong tarn chi la su tan rui cua tarn hon"
(Rabelais) i
I . M o b a i
N h a n loai n h u m p t con n g u o i song m a i va cang ngay cang m a r p n g tri thiic, nhat la t r i t h u c khoa hoc, d o i song. K h o a hpc da g i i i p cho loai n g u o i dat den t r i n h d p v a n m i n h n h u ngay nay. D o la d i e u k h a n g d i n h .
- N h u n g ngay t u the k i X V I , m p t nha van, nha t u tvrdng n h a n v a n chu nghia da len t i e n g canh giac:
" K h o a hpc m a k h o n g c6 l u o n g t a m c h i la s y tan r y i ciia t a m h o n " (Rabelais) - Ta hay b i n h l u a n cau n o i tren.
I I . T h a n B a i 1. G i a i t h i c h
a) Khoa hpc 6 t h e ' k i X V I c6 nghia la tri thitc thupc m o i ITnh vuc, nhat la trong l i n h v y c v a n c h u o n g , triet hpc. N g u o i hpc nhieu, biet rpng ma k h o n g c6 l u o n g tam h u o n g d a n t u t u a n g , hanh d o n g se sa dan den cho bang hoai t a m hon.
b) K h o a hpc (thuc n g h i e m ) ngay nay la m o n hpc c6 he t h o n g r J i a m k h a m pha ra n h u n g d i n h luat, giai t h i c h cac h i ? n t u p n g , sy vat, la co so ciia n h i h i g sang