- Thenao la tai, thenao la diic, tai sao thanh nien phai coca tai Ian due?
2. Npi dun gy nghla cau no
a) Co tai ma khong co due la nguoi v6 d y n g
- Co tai ma khong dem tai nang phyc v y nhan dan, phyc v u xa hpi thi ta'
nang do chang ich Ipi gi.
Ne'u CO tai ma hanh dpng trai dao due thi chSng n h u n g v6 ich ma con '^'^ hai, boi tai cao ma khong co dao due t h i eang nguy hai cho xa hpi.
- Dan chiing: m o t hpc sinh gioi nhung v6 k i luat, dao due kem, mpt can quan l i co tai n h u n g tham 6, mpt nha bac hpc dem khoa hpc phyc v y cho mV^ dich xau xa.
Oy TWHIT WIV DWH MHlllfl Vijt b) Co diic ma khong c6 tai thi lam v i f c gi cung kho
- C h i n h tai nang g i u p ta hoan thanh cong vi^c. Ne'u chi co dao due, d u
Ian m y c dich to't va tan lue lam, eiing kho lam nen.
Hihi due n h u n g v6 tai thi vi$c khong n h u n g khong thanh ma con gay tai
i . . . . D o la m p t h i n h thuc ciia b^nh d u y y chi.
- Dan chung: m p t hpc sinh hanh kiem tot n h u n g hpc hanh ye'u kem, mpt bp quan l i co nhi^t tinh n h u n g trinh dp van hoa, ehuyen m o n k e m t h i se sai t, dSn den that bai.
c) M o i quan h f giiia tai va due
- Co dao due, co tai nang m o i tro thanh con n g u o i toan di^n.
- Due the hien qua thai dp hanh dpng dung, m y c dich hanh dpng tot. Tai ig the hien qua thanh qua cong v i f e cao.
I I I . Ket b a i
Thanh nien hoc sinh can trau d o i ca due Ian tai de tro thanh n g u a i cong dan tot, gop phan xay d y n g dat nude phon vinh.
^di s6 76; C h a ong ta thuong n h l c nhd con chau: Gidy rack phai give lay le.
A n h chi hieu lai day ay n h u the nao?
^di Idm
Pham gia, dao due ciia con n g u d i rat quan trpng. N g u o i ta co the so'ng thie'u tho'n ve vat chat chu khong the nao danh ma't nhan each, danh d y , long t y trpng ciia m i n h dupe. V i vay, ong ba xua co noi: "Gia'y rach phai gifr lay le". Cau tyc ngir tren nham nhae nho chiing ta: D i i trong bat eu hoan canh kho khan nao eiing phai g i i i gin nhan each, pham gia ciia eon n g u d i .
Theo n h u cau tyc ngu, t d gia'y kia dii ed b i "rach", khong edn nguyen v^n nhung phai g i u dupe "cai le" ciia nd de n g u d i ta edn nhan ra la " t d gia'y". Con
ngudi cung v|y, d u bj ngheo tiing, lam vao tinh t h e b i i c bach, ta ciing phai cd long t y trpng, khong nen lam nhirng dieu b^y ba, xa'u xa... Sd'ng d tren ddi, n g u d i ta q u i trpng nhau la d nhan each, pham gia chu khong chi bie't cd tien bac. Cd tien that nhieu, sang trpng hem n g u d i n h u n g l ^ i thie'u dao due, khong
CO nhan each t h i l i ^ u m p i n g u d i cd q u i yeu ta khong? Trong n h u n g liic kho
khan, thie'u tho'n hoac liic nguy nan kho'n dd'n t h i nhan each ciia con n g u d i
thudng dupe the hi#n rd nhat. Xua kia, danh tie'ng Tran Binh Trpng k h i b i giae
bat giiia cai sd'ng va cai che't, ong da khang khai chpn cai che't ma ngan d d i sau Van edn l u u danh m u d n thud: "Ta tha lam quy nude N a m , chu khong them
v | t chj D | u d a y cam phuc. C h o n g t h i "bj t r o i go" d d i n h l a n g v i k h o n g c6 tien
nQp s u u cho N h a nude, con con t h i " d o i v a n g ch mat", v a y m a c h i da m g n h dan n e m n a m bac vao m a t ten t r i p h i i T u A n de g i u g i n tiet h a n h v o i chong. Gang
xiic d p n g v a k h a m p h u c biet bao t r u o c cai che't a i a Lao Hac - n h a n vat chinh t r o n g chuy^n "Lao Hac" a i a N a m Cao t h i tha an ba cho de chet c h u k h o n g the tie'p t y c song d o i n g h e o de r o i se theo got B i n h T u l a m nghe an t r p m n u o i than. T h ^ t d a n g t r a n t r p n g biet bao n h i i n g cupc d o i cao d?p.
La con n g u o i , ta p h a i c6 n h a n each dgo due. N h a n each ay giiip ta giu cho ban t h a n song t o t d? p va n h a n each g i u p ta de gan g u i , t h a n ai v o i m p i n g u o i t r o n g CQng d o n g xa h o i . N e u t r o n g xa h p i m p i n g u o i deu c6 y t h u c dug-c dieu nay t h i xa h p i se t i e n bp, v a n m i n h va t u o i d? p h o n .
The n h u n g , b e n canh n h u n g n g u o i d a n g ra sue g i i i g i n n h a n each p h a m gia ciia m i n h d u p e to't d? p t h i eo m p t so n g u o i da b i tha hoa, b i e n chat. H p la n h i i n g n g u o i chi song b a n g h i n h thuc ben ngoai, chay theo vat chat xa hoa. K h i g i p s y CO k h o n g hay t h i hp d o l o i cho hoan canh m a k h o n g d a m n h a n do In hgu qua cua s y suy thoai ve dao due. That la d i e u ngae n h i e n k h i c6 n h i r n g to "gia'y"bj "raeh" m a v a n co g i i i d u p e "cai le", eon n h i e u t o giay v a n n g u y e n vtjn d a n g h i n h m a d a n h m a t cai le a i a no d i . D o m o i la eanh t u p n g d a u l o n g . Xa hpi ta ngay nay k h o n g p h a i la k h o n g c6 t r u o n g h p p nay, v i vay D a n g va N h a nude d a n g ra sue giii' l a i n h i i n g "cai le, cai 161" ay m a tir bao ddi nay o n g cha ta da v u n dap cho d u p e tot d?p, n h u to tien ta da t u n g nhac n h d " D d i cho sach, rach cho t h o r n " dd sao.
Da qua r o i nhCing n a m thang chien tranh, d d i ngheo, cupc song m d i day du
t h i eau tyc n g i r nay la m p t l o i giao huah q u i bau cho n h i i n g ai coi t h u o n g nhan each, ban re d a n h d u , l u o n g tarn. Ta d i m g v i m p t n g h i c h canh nao, v i m p t l i do nap... m a quen d i l o i dgy sau sSe tren. Ta phai g i i i g i n bao v § v a q u i y e u truyen thong, b a n sac a i a d a n tpc, n h u vay la ta da g i i i "cai le" a i a xa h p i , a i a dat nude.
T u h i n h a n h " t d giay" o n g cha ta giao d y e I d p con chau d d i sau b a n g m p t bai hpc dao d u e l a m n g u d i that sau sSe va q u i bau. D e xiing d a n g v a k h d n g ho th^n v d i n g u d i d i trude, ehung ta can phai than t r p n g k h i bat tay vao m p t cong vi$c g i m a vi?c dd cd l i e n q u a n den d a n h d y ban than, d a n h d y gia d i n h , danh d y a i a dat n u d e h a u t r a n h d u p e n h i i n g h | u qua sau nay.
^di s6 77: "Hum diet de da, ngucri ta chei de tiehg" c6 p h i i la mpt quan fii^m ve song dgp, song c6 ich khong? Y k i e n cua anh, chj?
^dildm
fix n g a n x u a d e n nay, biet bao n g u d i san sang h i sinh m a n g song de bao v f danh d y ; p h a m gia ciia m i n h . D d la due t i n h , la t r u y e n t h o n g ngan d d i a i a d a n tpc ta. M p t Ian n i i a , de k h a n g d j n h d i e u ay, t y c n g i i ta cd eau:
"Hum chei de da, nguoi ta chei de tiehg"
Cau t y c n g i i p h a n anh l a i e h u y f n t h u d n g xay ra t r o n g cupc song, m p t k i n h nghiem d d i t h u d n g . C o n h i i m k h i chet d i , t u y x u o n g t h i t ra r d i n h u n g v a n de l ^ i bp da q u i gia. C u n g n h u con n g u d i , d i i da che't t i e h g t a m v a n eon m a i ve sau. Q u a h i n h a n h n g a u nhien, t h u d n g t i n h t r o n g cupc song, eau t y c n g i i muo'n nhan n h u m p t bai hpc: Phai song d?p sao cho k h i da mat, t i e h g t h o m v a n eon mai ve sau; d i m g song the nao m a k h i k h o n g eon t r e n the gian, t i e h g xa'u van khong p h a i m d .
Bai hoc t r o n g eau t y c n g i i la bai hpc q u i gia sorig m a i v d i t h d i gian. T i r ngan xua den nay, t r e n cupc d d i , v a n vat deu theo q u y l u a t ed s i n h ed t u , k h o n g ai bat t i i bao g i d . L i i c con song, e h i i n g ta ed n g u d i giau, ke ngheo; n g u d i g i d i , ke khd, n g u d i h o n , ke thua k e m . The n h u n g , k h i chet d i t h i ai e u n g la cai xac kh6ng h o n , k h o n g con g i ve vat chat - m a e h i i n g ta de l a i gia t r j t i n h than - tiehg t a m cua b a n than. N e u e h i i n g ta song "d?p" t h i tiehg t h o m l u u m a i ngan nam, song " k h d n g d?p" t h i sud't d d i tiehg xa'u c i i n g v a n edn:
"Tram nam bia dd thi con Nghin nam bia mieng van con tra tra"
R6 rang, con n g u d i ai eung p h a i che't, n h u n g tie'ng t a m p h a i d u p e l u u danh sir sach. N g a y x u a T r a n B i n h T r p n g da h i e n n g a n g het vao m a t b p n giae: "Tha lam q u y n u d e N a m e h i i k h o n g t h e m l a m v u o n g dat Bac" va e i m g v d i N g u y e n Trai, Le L p i . . . n h i i n g v j anh h i i n g eua d a n tpc, m a i m a i la n i e m t y hao cua dat nude V i ^ t N a m . Ben canh d d , Igi cd n h i i n g v j v u a n h u : L e C h i e u T h o n g edng r i n can ga nha, N g u y e n A n h d a n g t a m eau v i | n t h y e d a n Phap... N h i i n g n g u d i
do, t u y than xac da v i i i vao cat b y i n h u n g ngan d d i v a n de Igi n o i n h y e nha cho dan tpc V i f t N a m , n g a n d d i v a n phai chju phe phan, ehju s y c a m t h i i cua nhan dan ta. L a i n i i a , ea dao ta c u n g cd eau c h u y f n ve eon ed k h i chet v a n c d ' g i i i sy trong sach t h a n h cao cho chau con t y hao. H u o n g chi, e h i i n g ta la con n g u d i biet suy n g h i , biet n h a n thiic. Vay, tha "Tot d a n h h o n l a n h ao". Cau t y c n g i i la p h u o n g cham, la chan l y ngan d d i ciia m o i e h i i n g ta.
T u y nhien, bao gio cung vay, ben canh n h u n g each song dep van con ton tai loai ngu-oi khong c6 y thuc, song buong tha, bua bai. H Q xem t h u a n g dao diic, xem dao due la t h u bo d i . Do la n h u n g ke thien can, khong n h i n xa thay rpng, khong hieu dupe dgo due chi'nh la gia trj cugc song. H p chi song mpt cupc song v6 nghia, trong rong. N h i i n g loai nguoi n h u the la can ba ciia xa hpi ma chiing ta can phdi loai t r u . M g t to't va mat xau luon ton tai song song trong xa hpi. cau tuc
ngvi la chie'c phao giiip ta phat huy m|t tot de xa hpi ngay cang d?p hon. Do do, t u nh6, ta phai xay d y n g cho m i n h mpt Joi song d^p, song lam sao de k h i khong con tren cupc d o i nay, ngan nam m p i nguoi van con tuong nho den chung ta. Co n h u the^ chung ta m o i khong ho th^n v o i con chau. Va neu ai d i n g n g h l va lam dupe n h u vay t h i xa hpi nay se ngay mpt tot d?p biet bao!
Cau tyc ngU m a i mai song theo thoi gian bai do la k i m chi nam, giiip ta
thanh n g u a i h i h i ich cho dat nuoc, non song.
Sdi s6 7(S.-Trinh bay suy nghi ciia em ve tinh b?n qua y kien cua nha van Ni-c6-Iai 6-xta-rop-xki:
"Tinh ban truoc hei phai chdn thanh, ph&i phe binh sai Idm cua ban, cua
dong chi, phai nghiem chinh giiip da dong chi sw'a chiia sai Idm"
^ d i Idm
Ngoai t i n h mau t u , tinh thay tro, thi tinh b^n la mpt n h u cau ra't lori ciia con n g u o i song trong xa hpi. N h o c6 tinh ban, cupc d o i ta bot c6 don. T i n h ban giiip ta v o i d i n h i h i g noi b u o n chan v i do la cho dua v i i n g chac de ta tam su, chia se. Da c6 rat nhieu ca dao, danh ngon... de ca ngpi ve tinh ban d^p de do Rieng ta, ta quan ni§m ve tinh ban n h u the nao cho d u n g de x i i n g dang voi tinh cam d^p de cao quy do ma nha van Ni-c6-lai O-xto-ro'p-xki noi:
"Tinh ban truoc Ml phai chan thanh phai phe binh sai lam cua ban, cua dong chi, phai nghiem chinh giup da dong chi siea chiia sai lam"
That vay, da la tinh ban thi vi?c truoc tien phai chan thanh, chan thanh la mpt due t i n h dang g i i i , phai coi b ^ n h u chinh ban than m i n h . K h i ta d o i xu v o i ban to't, c6 chan thanh v o i ban thi ban m o i t i n m i n h . C h i n h nha a sy tin t u o n g ay ma ban m o i tho Ip het n h i m g noi lo au thac mac va n g u y f n vpng voi m i n h . Phai noi liic ay ta n h u mpt cho d y a virng chac cho ban. Chi c6 sy chan thanh m o i giiip cho tinh ban dupe lau ben va ngay cang khang khit.
La n g u o i cung trang lua, ciing hpc chung mpt truong... trong m p i sinh hoat nha't nha't d i n g gan n h u giong nhau, ta dol x u v o i ban be n h u the nao deu the hi^n qua viec lam. Dieu quan trpng truoc nha't la ta phai t i n ban n h u ban t i n 6 minh, tuy^t d o i khong lira doi, khong v y Ipi trong tinh ban.
198
Trong cupc song, neu ai khong c6 bgn be t h i do la dieu khong may m ^ - hat la ban tam giao t h i cang dang buon hon. Boi le chi c6 d nhiSng n g u o i b^in V ta rn<^i n h i i n g noi niem rieng t u , v i doi liic n h i i n g noi niem nay ta 0i6ng S'^i ''^y "g"'o^ trong gia d i n h ma chi c6 ban mod la gifoi de ciing ta chia se niem v u i , noi buon ay ma thoi. Trong n h i i n g liic nay jdoi thay tinh ban la can thie't. B^n be giiip ta v u p t qua m p i kho khSn, an l i i
ta buon, cimg ta chia se niem v u i . Do v^y da la ban be ta phai nen giiip do
(flQt each tan tinh, bang ca tam long chan thanh, khong so do, khong tinh toan. jsloi l ^ o n g CO nghia la tach ban be ra khoi tap the ma chinh ban be la fnpt tap the ciing nhau gan bo, sinh hoat va thuong yeu nhau, giiip d o Ian fihau. d day, ta khong nen quan ni?m "ban be" la hai n g u o i ma phai la so' dong, la nipt '^a hpi t h u nho n h u lap hpc, nha truong... t h i sy chan thanh trong
b^n be no m o i c6 gia trj hon. Nghia la ta phai biet ke't hpp tinh ban than thie't voi quan h§ gan bo trong tap the rpng rai, khong d o i l^p t i n h ban v o i m o i quan
tap the rpng rai do.
Yeu t h u a n g chan thanh, giiip do ban het long khong c6 nghia la ta chap nhan n h i i n g thoi h u tat xau, khong sai lam cua ban. Cang khong phai la de cho bgn v u i long ma ta bo qua nhirng khuyet diem ciia ban. Ngupc lai, sy chan thanh trong t i n h ban no doi hoi ta phai nen manh dan c6 k h i khong khoan nhupng trong vi^c phe b i n h gop y ve n h i i n g sai trai do. L a m n h u the ban m o i tha'y n h i i n g dieu chua tot ay de tir do b?n sira chiia. G i i i p do b^n sira chiia sai lam la dieu can phai thyc hi?n v i c6 n h u vay ban m a i tien bp, m o i tro nen nguoi tot va dong t h o i tinh b ^ m a i lau dai, ben chat. N e u ta v i ne nang, che giau nhirng thie'u sot ciia ban t h i chang khac nao v6 tinh ta l a m n h u n g tat xau do ngay cang nhieu, cang Ion hon. Vay thi ta c6 phai la ban tot chua, ta c6 chan thanh v o i ban khong? Ngay xua, D u o n g Le manh dan d o l xir t^ bgc v d i L u u Binh de cho L u u Binh t y ai. Chinh nho do ma L u u Binh quye't tam phai t h i do vod myc dich tra thii D u o n g Le. Neu D u o n g Le khong nhay ben n g h l ra each giup d o ban n h u the t h i li^u L u u BirUi c6 dupe ngay v i n h quy bai to ve lang khong? T m h ban cua D u o n g Le qua thgt la d^p de, la tain g u o n g sang dang cho m p i n g u o i hpc hoi.
Ta phai nen hieu rang phe binh, gop y ban phai xuat phat tir long yeu thuang ban chan thanh. N o i d i i n g hom, k h i sira sai ban, ta phai dat tinh b ^ len tren het, nghia la phai lya loi, chpn liic ma gop y. N h i i n g l a i gop y a i a ta la ' ^ i h i g vien gach de xay dap tinh ban lau dai ben ch$t, c h i i khong phai la mpt ^on bao de pha d i tat ca n h u n g gi to't d?p ma bay lau ta xay d y n g . Do do ta Phai khon kheo, l i n h hoat va t i m loi thich hpp v o i ca tinh cua b ^ :