... implicated inthe biosynthesis ofthe aminonucleoside moiety of A201A Here we report the sequencing of a total of 6946 bp, which include the ata genes most likely implicated inthe biosynthesis of this ... pertain to it Further sequencing ofthe ata cluster could provide an insight into the biosynthetic pathway ofthe other moieties of A201A and provide probes which may be useful to identify genesof ... putative genes that are known or proposed to be implicated inthe biosynthesis ofthe aminonucleoside moiety of puromycin [6–8] Interestingly, their organization is identical to that ofthe pur...
... The fa value for KI was only 12% implying the low solvent accessibility of tryptophan residues of d2-crystallin inthe native form ANS binding Fig Equilibrium unfolding of duck d-crystallin in ... the formation of dimers during the dissociation step (Fig 1) These results are in agreement with the double dimer structure ofthe tetrameric d2-crystallin The crystal structure ofthe protein ... is the dynamic quenching constant and fa was the fractional maximum accessible protein fluorescence ANS binding assay The exposed hydrophobic surfaces ofthe protein were assayed by incubating the...
... than the other compounds (Fig 6) In this way, amino acid residues of different segments of NADP-ME2 swapped inthe construction ofthe chimeras are involvedinthe fumarate activation ofthe pyruvate ... of CoA or acetyl-CoA The results are presented as the percentage of activity inthe presence ofthe effectors in relation to the activity measured inthe absence ofthe metabolites for each of ... activity inthe presence ofthe effectors in relation to the activity measured inthe absence ofthe metabolites, for each ofthe respective enzyme constructs The assays were performed at least in...
... structure ofthe NOX1 gene and its splicing pathway Open boxes indicate exons Numbers inthe box denote the size of each exon (bp) The size ofthe intron is indicated under the broken lines (bp) ... be involvedin an angiotensin II-induced vascular hypertrophy [15], and in inducing the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 [16], which plays a key role inthe development of atherosclerosis ... inthe promoter region ofthe NOX1 gene, ATF-1 was assumed to indirectly regulate the expression ofthe NOX1 mRNA We therefore elucidated the role of ATF-1 inthe MEF2B-dependent activation of...
... variants ofthe murine fucokinase genes were expressed in COS-7 cells in frame with a 10-amino acid E2Tag present inthe pQM vector The molecular masses of fucokinase proteins were determined by ... [23] Inthe present study we have cloned the murine genes coding for the enzymes involvedinthe salvage pathway of GDP-L-fucose L-fucokinase and GDP-L-fucose pyrophosphorylase were expressed in ... amino acid sequence of mouse L-fucokinase The predicted amino acid sequence for the coding area ofthe long splice variant of fucokinase consists of 1090 amino acids Due to alternative splicing,...
... chlorine and methyl functional groups at the 5-position Together, these results provide insight regarding the mechanism, the substrate binding site and the role ofthe metal cofactor inthe enzyme ... method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding Anal Biochem 72, 248–254 Laemmli UK (1970) Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly ... rather than just a substrate binding role Possible roles ofthe cation include the activation of water for the hydration reaction and ⁄ or the stabilization ofthe anion transition state In the...
... and eG19L strains were incubated inthe presence or absence of CuCl2 The control experiment (in the absence of CuCl2) was performed inthe presence of NEM instead of CuCl2 Cross-linking conditions ... were incubated inthe presence or absence of CuCl2 as described inthe experimental procedure The control experiment (in the absence of CuCl2) was performed inthe presence of NEM instead of CuCl2 ... helix–helix packing interface involving the aminoacid residues on both sides ofthe insertion [40] Inthe other two mutants, the small amino-acid residues Gly15 and Gly19 were replaced by leucine residues...
... receptor-4-induced immune responses [112], indicating the complexity of interactions inthe immune response The possible interactions of immune effector cells inthe inflammatory phase ofthe arthritic ... continue within the joint it may drive the disease to the chronic stage, with complete distruption of joint architecture Thus, dissecting the fine specificity ofthe molecules taking part inthe ... yet clear, however, whether the induction of arthritis is due to the binding of citrullinated epitopes or cross-reactivity to other epitopes within the joints The importance of Ig glycosylation...
... devoid of a given essential amino acid Our data suggest that the GCN2 pathway is directly involvedinthe regulation of amino acid and protein metabolism, as many ofthegenesinvolvedin these ... contribute to these multistep processes, including the metabolic conditions ofthe cell, nature ofthe stimulus, RNA binding factors and the sequence ofthe target mRNA [35] Another amino acid sensing ... (indicated in bold) The enrichment for a given GO category was computed as the ratio ofthe distribution ofthe amino acid-regulated genes* versus the distribution ofthegenes spotted onto the...
... treatment of latently infected cell lines, we observed an upregulation ofgenesinvolvedin vesicular transport of protein like syntaxin and nexin It was found by Chun et al that numerous genesinvolved ... represses the IRF1-mediated activation ofthe HIV-1 ISRE element Implication of IRF8 inthe maintenance and NCoA3 inthe reactivation ofthe viral latency may thus provide new insights into the control ... this study, the role ofthe HDAC inhibitor NaB on HIV-1 latently infected cells gene expression was explored using microarrays Since chromatin remodeling is involvedinthe regulation of HIV-1 gene...
... reproduction inthe remainder ofthe tested genes (Table 5) Early response Protein interaction analysis reveals a novel pathway involvedinthe response to cadmium In order to further define the molecular ... approximately 21% ofthe 237 cadmium-inducible genes (≤1.5-fold) are involvedinthe resistance to cadmium toxicity (although these genes certainly could also be involvedin detoxification of other stressors) ... enzyme involvedinthe biosynthesis of retinoic acid Cadmium has been shown to act synergistically with retinoic acid inthe induction of limb-bud malformation in mice [51] The Y46G5A.24 network includes...
... structure, and pink indicating the domain that binds Sm proteins The corresponding interaction region in U6atac snRNA is also marked in green Red background indicates G-T base-pairs inthe stem-loop ... lacks an SMN protein complex In human, the SMN protein (survival of motor neurons) can interact with a series of proteins including Gemin2, Gemin3 (a helicase), Gemin4, Gemin5 and Gemin6 to form an ... could be involvedin splicing of other genes Other human hnRNPs related to splicing also have homologs in Arabidopsis BLAST searches ofthe human (CUG)n triplet repeat RNA-binding protein (CUG-BP)...
... preferentially with the bHLH dimer, preventing expression ofgenesinvolvedin trichome development TTG would act inthe cytoplasm most probably aiding inthe association ofthe bHLH dimer 13 enters the nucleus ... finding the components ofthe initiation and inhibitory elements, but also in uncovering how these elements interact Based upon data found in Arabidopsis and other species, a model ofthe interaction ... Generation ofthe Trichome Spacing Pattern The mechanism responsible for generating the spacing pattern on the surface of first true leaves has been intensely investigated during the past decade (Larkin...
... preferentially with the bHLH dimer, preventing expression ofgenesinvolvedin trichome development TTG would act inthe cytoplasm most probably aiding inthe association ofthe bHLH dimer 13 enters the nucleus ... finding the components ofthe initiation and inhibitory elements, but also in uncovering how these elements interact Based upon data found in Arabidopsis and other species, a model ofthe interaction ... Generation ofthe Trichome Spacing Pattern The mechanism responsible for generating the spacing pattern on the surface of first true leaves has been intensely investigated during the past decade (Larkin...
... 1989) The bending ofthe neural plate involves the formation of hinge regions The cells at the midline ofthe neural plate are called the medial hinge point (MHP) cells which are connected with the ... 1987) There are seven members inthe Hes family While it is likely that many of these genes are involvedin 15 Chapter 1: Introduction the timing of differentiation in a variety of tissues, two of ... of improvement inthe management of diabetic pregnancies inthe past decades, congenital malformations including NTDs in infants of diabetic mothers remain two to three times higher than in the...
... of ethanol (100 mM) induced the expression ofgenesinvolvedinthe metabolism of ethanol [16] In addition, the metabolism of ethanol 33 results in an increased production of toxic metabolites ... and the S6b ATPase subunit ofthe regulatory component ofthe proteasome Based on the conserved gene expression profile in confluent HepG2 cells in vitro [21], the regulation ofgenesinvolvedin ... chemokines in monocytes and macrophages (including Kupffer cells) [41, 42], and ethanol-induced mucosal injury inthe upper gastrointestinal tract leading to increase inthe permeability ofthe gut...
... from their ability to inhibit phase I and induce phase II carcinogen metabolizing enzymes that initiate carcinogenesis They also inhibit the promotion stage of carcinogenesis by inhibiting oxygen ... aspirin or other NSAIDs may increase the risk of bleeding Ginseng may intensify the effects of these drugs, causing an excessive decrease in blood sugar levels (hypoglycemia) Ginseng may intensify ... making it less effective Ginger taken with anticoagulants may increase the risk of bleeding Ginkgo taken with anticoagulants or with aspirin or other NSAIDs may increase the risk of bleeding Ginkgo...
... for the binding of CP12 The presence of this region at the interface of GAPDH and CP12 could also explain the kinetic changes observed for the binding ofthe substrate when the wild-type recombinant ... partners of this complex These mutageneses are a rst step toward the understanding of proteinprotein interactions inthe GAPDHCP12PRK complex and the nature ofthe physico-chemical forces involvedin ... molecular modelling of all mutant GAPDHs indicate no changes ofthe global structure ofthe mutants To test whether the interactions of these mutants with the other partners ofthe GAPDHCP12PRK...
... responsible for binding and proper orientation ofthe aminopyrimidine ring, are conserved in all ThDP-dependent enzymes One of these, the hydrogen bond between the N1¢ atom ofthe pyrimidine ring of ThDP ... structure Binding ofthe cofactors ThDP and Mg2+ The homo-tetrameric IPDC binds four molecules ofthe cofactors ThDP and Mg2+ The ThDP binding sites are located in narrow clefts at the interfaces ... to these interfaces is located inthe PYR and middle domains The interface contains 10 hydrogen bonds in IPDC The dimer–dimer interface in IPDC is smaller than the corresponding interface in...
... listed in Table that most, if not all, ofthe amylose is synthesized in vivo when the rate of amylopectin synthesis becomes minimal At these moments the rates of amylopectin synthesis are only 5% of ... rate of amylopectin synthesis The increase in crystallinity witnessed during these first 12 h is in line with the high rates observed for amylopectin synthesis However between 12 and 58 h the rate ... amylose continues to accumulate at the final stage of starch synthesis inthe absence of concomitant amylopectin synthesis (reviewed in [41]) In vitro synthesis of amylose Because in Chlamydomonas...