TRANSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF THE ENGLISH VERSION OF a HANOI TRAVEL GUIDE = PHÂN TÍCH hệ THỐNG CHUYỂN tác TRONG CUỐN GIỚI THIỆU DU LỊCH về hà nội

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF LINGUISTICS & CULTURE OF ENGLISH-SPEAKING COUNTRIES GRADUATION PAPER TRANSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF THE ENGLISH VERSION OF A HANOI TRAVEL GUIDE Supervisor: Nguyễn Thị Minh Tâm (Ph.D.) Student: Lê Hiền Anh Course: QH2017.F1.E2 HÀ NỘI – 2021 ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC NGOẠI NGỮ KHOA NGÔN NGỮ VÀ VĂN HỐ CÁC NƯỚC NĨI TIẾNG ANH KHỐ LUẬN TỐT NGHIỆP PHÂN TÍCH HỆ THỐNG CHUYỂN TÁC TRONG CUỐN GIỚI THIỆU DU LỊCH VỀ HÀ NỘI Giáo viên hướng dẫn: TS Nguyễn Thị Minh Tâm Sinh viên: Lê Hiền Anh Khoá: QH2017.F1.E2 HÀ NỘI – 2021 I hereby state that I: Le Hien Anh, class QH2017.F1.E2, being a candidate for the degree of Bachelor of Arts (B.A Honours Programme) accept the requirements of the College relating to the retention and use of Bachelor’s Graduation Paper deposited in the library In terms of these conditions, I agree that the origin of my paper deposited in the library should be accessible for the purposes of study and research, in accordance with the normal conditions established by the librarian for the care, loan or reproduction of the paper Signature Hanoi, May 4th, 2021 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my beloved supervisor, Ms Nguyen Thi Minh Tam (Ph.D.) She is the true definition of an angel who was sent to save me when I was losing my way Thank you so much for your constructive feedback and helpful guidance from the very beginning until the end of this journey It was your devotion that encouraged me to bravely start my thesis all over again from scratch I also wish to thank all of my friends for their support and enthusiasm To Nguyên, Bạch, and Linh from 17E2, you three are the best groupmates that I can ask for I will always remember our sleepless nights before the deadlines, insane small talks during break time, and messenger calls to urge each other to work I am glad that even though the thesis was individual work, we still stuck together through thick and thin Additionally, I very much appreciate the assistance from Thu Huyền, my best friend You always showed up whenever I needed your help, from staying up late at night to keep me company to waking me up with morning phone calls so that I could continue with the work Had it not been for your support, it would have been impossible for me to complete everything by myself Furthermore, I am sending my deepest appreciation to my family To my mother, the most delicate woman who fully understood my situation and supported me unconditionally To my father, who is not here with us anymore, but still is a great source of encouragement and strength It is heartbreaking that he cannot witness this moment with his own eyes, however, I believe that on the other side, he is always watching and advocating for me Last but not least, special thanks go to my Korean idols group Highlight It was their energetic, cheerful music that kept me awake to finish my paper, and it was their positive attitude in life that motivated me to persistently follow this path i ABSTRACT Travel brochure is one of the most effective ways to promote a destination, yet it does not receive enough attention compared to other tourism products (Quinn, 1982) Acknowledging its significant position in tourism field, the researcher aims at examining the Transitivity system of a Hanoi travel guide to gain deeper understanding about its contents Through the use of Systemic Functional Linguistics framework and the support of Multimodal Discourse Analysis framework, the data was analyzed, and the results revealed that Relational Process is the most frequently used, followed by Material Process, Mental Process, Existential Process, Behavioral Process, and Verbal Process respectively Careful investigation also showed that five different representative subjects have been represented linguistically and visually through the Transitivity system of the travel guide Last but not least, the application of language to convey essential message is noted to be more than that of images In this brochure, the photos are only employed to support the meaning of written texts Further studies into this topic are suggested to widen the corpus, take other linguistic and visual aspects into consideration, and generalize the findings Keywords: SFL theory, Transitivity system, Travel brochure ii TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS i ABSTRACT ii LIST OF TABLES, FIGURES, AND ABBREVIATIONS, ETC …………………vi INTRODUCTION 1 Rationale of the study .1 Aims and research questions Scope of the study Methods of the study Significance of the study Structure of the study .3 CHAPTER 1: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND AND LITERATURE REVIEW … ……… 1.1 Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) .5 1.1.1 The notion of text in SFL 1.1.2 Three lines of meaning in texts 1.1.3 Ideational meaning .7 1.2 Transitivity 1.2.1 Process .9 1.2.1.1 Material Process 1.2.1.2 Mental Process 10 1.2.1.3 Relational Process 11 1.2.1.4 Verbal Process 12 1.2.1.5 Behavioral Process 13 1.2.1.6 Existential Process 13 1.2.2 Participants .14 1.2.3 Circumstances 15 iii 1.3 Multimodal Discourse Analysis (MDA) 16 1.3.1 Michael O’Toole’s approach 17 1.3.2 Gunther Kress and Theo van Leeuwen’s approach …………………… 17 1.3.2.1 Action Process 19 1.3.2.2 Reaction Process 19 1.3.2.3 Speech Process 19 1.3.2.4 Mental Process 20 1.3.2.5 Classification Process 21 1.3.2.6 Analytical Process and Symbolic Process 21 1.4 Travel brochure as a sub-genre of advertisement 23 1.5 Related studies 26 CHAPTER 2: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 30 2.1 Description of data 30 2.2 Data collection instruments .31 2.3 Data analysis .31 2.3.1 Methods of the study 31 2.3.2 Analytical framework .32 2.3.3 Data analysis procedure 34 CHAPTER 3: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 36 3.1 Baseline information 36 3.2 Findings 46 3.2.1 Hanoi city 46 3.2.2 Tourism places 50 3.2.3 Foods 53 3.2.4 Travellers 55 3.2.5 Hanoians 57 3.3 Discussion 58 iv 3.3.1 Answering sub-question 58 3.3.2 Answering sub-question 62 3.3.3 Answering the overarching question 64 CONCLUSION 65 Summary of key ideas 65 Implications 66 Limitations and Suggestions for Further Studies 66 REFERENCES 68 APPENDIX A HANOI TRAVEL GUIDE .75 APPENDIX B LINGUISTIC ASPECT 81 APPENDIX C VISUAL ASPECT 148 v LIST OF TABLE, FIGURES, AND ABBREVIATIONS, ETC Figure 1.1: The three metafunctions of language (Halliday & Matthiessen, 2014, p.31) .7 Figure 1.2: Six types of Process (Halliday & Matthiessen, 2014, p.216) Figure 1.3: Relational Process .11 Figure 1.4: A panel from comic books “Haikyu!!” (Furudate, 2012) 19 Figure 1.5: Example of Behavioral Process 19 Figure 1.6: A panel from comic books “Haikyu!!” (Furudate, 2012) with Verbal Process .20 Figure 1.7: A panel from comic books “Haikyu!!” (Furudate, 2012) with Mental Process 20 Figure 1.8: Example of Existential Process 21 Figure 1.9: Example of Relational Process 22 Table 1: The roles of Participants in the clause 14 Table 2: Types of Circumstances 16 Figure Distribution of Processes in Introduction section 38 Figure Distribution of Circumstances in Introduction section 38 Figure Distribution of Processes in Sightseeing section 40 Figure Distribution of Circumstances in Sightseeing section 40 Figure Distribution of Processes in Foods section .42 Figure Distribution of Circumstances in Foods section .42 Figure Distribution of Processes in the Brochure .44 Figure Distribution of Circumstances in the Brochure .45 Table The number of clauses in the brochure .36 vi Table Distribution of Processes in Introduction section .37 Table Distribution of Processes in Sightseeing section 39 Table Distribution of Processes in Foods section .41 Table Distribution of Processes in the Brochure 43 Table Distribution of Circumstances in the Brochure 44 Figure Image of Hanoi city 49 Figure 10 Map of Hanoi city 50 Figure 11 Image of tourism places in Hanoi city 53 Figure 19 Xôi xéo 55 Figure 24 Travellers .57 Figure 25 Hanoians 58 SFL: Systemic Functional Linguistics MDA: Multimodal Discourse Analysis vii Location Goal Material Location (Temporal) (Spatial) (IV.3.2) Pho- or rice noodle soup- is omnipresent in Hanoi, appearing anywhere from street vendors to high end restaurant chain Pho 24 Pho- or rice noodle is omnipresent in Hanoi, soupParticipant Process Participant Circumstance Carrier Relational Attribute Location (Attributive) (Spatial) (Pho- or rice noodle appearing anywhere from street vendors to high end soup-) restaurant chain Pho 24 Participant Process Circumstance Existent Existential Location (Spatial) (IV.3.3) Some are served with chicken and some with beef Some are with chicken served Participant Process Circumstance Goal Accompaniment and some Material (are with beef served) 137 Participant Process Circumstance Goal Accompaniment Material (IV.3.4) Each type of meat entails a variety of sub-dish, using from beef tenderloin to beef brisket, chicken wing to chicken thigh Each type of entails a variety of using from beef tenderloin to beef meat sub-dish, brisket, chicken wing to chicken thigh Participant Process Participant Participant Identified Relational Identifier Identifier (Identifying) (IV.3.5) The tip is, look for the place where locals gather the most and you know where you should order and sit down The tip is, look for the place where locals gather the most Participant Process Participant Identified Identifier Relational (Identifying) and you know where you should order and sit down Participant Process Circumstance Senser Mental Location (Spatial) 138 (IV.3.6) Where to try: Pho Bat Dan is a famous local restaurant famous for its bo (beef rice noodle soup) Where to Pho try: Bat is a Dan famous local for its bo (beef restaurant famous rice noodle soup) Participant Process Participant Circumstance Identified Relational Identifier Cause (Identifying) (IV.3.7) Located in the Old quarter “jungle”, the store easily stands out for the long line of people waiting to be served Located in the Old the store easily stands out quarter “jungle”, for the long line of people waiting to be served Circumstance Participant Circumstance Process Location (Spatial) Existent Manner Circumstance Existential Cause (IV.3.8) You are highly recommended to join the local, line up for the bowl and bring it to a selected table to eat You are highly to join the local, recommended Participant Process Actor Material Goal (You) line up for the bowl 139 Participant Participant Process Participant Actor Material Goal and (You) bring Participant Process Actor it to a selected table to eat Participant Material Goal (IV.3.9) Read more about Pho Read more about Pho Process Circumstance Circumstance Material Manner Matter Bún thang – 11 clauses If Pho is compatible with linguine in shape, Bun is more like spaghetti Bun thang is one of the most popular yet hidden fares in Hanoi and one can hardly find it outside of the Old quarters or a few special restaurants scattering across the city The chicken broth is artistically done and the dish is beautifully served Bun thang is a harmonious blend of color- the yellow of sliced egg; the white of bun; the off-white of chicken and the green of onions and herbs Where to try: Bun thang Ba Duc on Cau Go street is a great place to try the dish This street vendor has a limited number of seats on the pavement, but you will be surprised how many people can fit in the two storey old house behind the stall Enjoy bun thang in such a setting gives the meal enormous highlights in your trip to Hanoi (IV.4.1) If Pho is compatible with linguine in shape, Bun is more like spaghetti If Pho is compatible 140 with linguine in shape, Participant Process Participant Circumstance Carrier Attribute Accompaniment Relational (Attributive) Bun is more like spaghetti Participant Process Participant Carrier Attribute Relational (Attributive) (IV.4.2) Bun thang is one of the most popular yet hidden fares in Hanoi and one can hardly find it outside of the Old quarters or a few special restaurants scattering across the city Bun thang is one of the most popular yet in Hanoi and hidden fares Participant Process Participant Circumstance Carrier Attribute Location Relational (Attributive) one can hardly (Spatial) find it outside of the Old quarters special or a few restaurants scattering across the city Participant Process Circumstance Process Participant 141 Circumstance Senser Mental Manner Mental Phenomenon Location (Spatial) (IV.4.3) The chicken broth is artistically done and the dish is beautifully served The chicken is artistically done broth Participant Process Goal Material Manner and the dish is Participant Process Goal Circumstance Process Material beautifully served Circumstance Process Material Manner Material (IV.4.4) Bun thang is a harmonious blend of color- the yellow of sliced egg; the white of bun; the off-white of chicken and the green of onions and herbs Bun thang is a harmonious blend of color- the yellow of sliced egg; the white of bun; the off-white of chicken and the green of onions and herbs Participant Process Participant Carrier Attribute Relational (Attributive) (IV.4.5) Where to try: Bun thang Ba Duc on Cau Go street is a great place to try the dish 142 Where to Bun thang Ba Duc on Cau is try: a great place to try the Go street dish Participant Process Participant Identified Relational Identifier (Identifying) (IV.4.6) This street vendor has a limited number of seats on the pavement, but you will be surprised how many people can fit in the two storey old house behind the stall This street has a limited number of on vendor seats pavement the but Participant Process Participant Circumstance Carrier Relational Attribute Location (Attributive) you will surprised (Spatial) be how many people in the two storey old house can fit behind the stall Participant Process Participant Circumstance Senser Phenomenon Location (Spatial) Mental (IV.4.7) Enjoy bun thang in such a setting gives the meal enormous highlights in your trip to Hanoi Enjoy bun thang in such a gives the setting highlights in your trip to Hanoi 143 meal enormous Participant Process Participant Carrier Relational (Attributive) Attribute Cha ca La Vong – 11 clauses You think you have read about this name somewhere and yes, you are right Cha ca La Vong is listed as one of the top 100 things you gotta try before you die by many cuisine experts It is exquisitely grilled fish served with bún, peanut, green onions, dills and shrimp paste The fish is carefully chosen so that there are not too many bones and fishy smells A glass of bia hoi or tra da will definitely give your meal more flavour Where to try: Cha ca La Vong restaurant on 14 Cha Ca street is renowned nationally and internationally for its tradition and quality of serving the dish It is much more expensive than other local food but the fact that you are sitting in one of the oldest houses in Hanoi, served by the most traditionally styled chef is all worth it ($6-8, with drink) (IV.5.1) You think you have read about this name somewhere and yes, you are right You you think and yes, have about read name this somewhere Participant Process Circumstance Circumstance Actor Matter Location (Spatial) Material you are right Participant Process Participant Carrier Relational (Attributive) Attribute (IV.5.2) Cha ca La Vong is listed as one of the top 100 things you gotta try before you die by many cuisine experts 144 Cha ca La is listed as one of the top 100 things you gotta by many cuisine Vong try before you die experts Circumstance Participant Participant Process Goal Material Role Actor (IV.5.3) It is exquisitely grilled fish served with bún, peanut, green onions, dills and shrimp paste It is exquisitely grilled fish served with bún, peanut, green onions, dills and shrimp paste Participant Process Circumstance Participant Identified Manner Relational Identifier (Identifying) (IV.5.4) The fish is carefully chosen so that there are not too many bones and fishy smells The fish is carefully Participant Process Circumstance Process Goal Material Manner there are not too many bones and fishy smells Process Participant chosen so that Material Existential Existent (IV.5.5) A glass of bia hoi or tra da will definitely give your meal more flavour 145 A glass of bia hoi or will definitely give your meal tra da more flavour Participant Process Circumstance Process Actor Material Manner Participant Participant Material Goal Range (IV.5.6) Where to try: Cha ca La Vong restaurant on 14 Cha Ca street is renowned nationally and internationally for its tradition and quality of serving the dish Where Cha ca La Vong is renowned for its tradition and to try: restaurant on 14 nationally and quality of serving Cha Ca street internationally the dish Participant Process Participant Circumstance Carrier Relational Attribute Cause (Attributive) (IV.5.7) It is much more expensive than other local food but the fact that you are sitting in one of the oldest houses in Hanoi, served by the most traditionally styled chef is all worth it ($6-8, with drink) It is much more expensive than other local but food Participant Process Participant Carrier Attribute Relational (Attributive) 146 the fact you are sitting in one of the oldest houses in Hanoi, that Participant Process Behaver served Circumstance Behavioral Location (Spatial) by the most traditionally styled is all worth it ($6-8, with drink) chef Process Participant Material Actor 147 APPENDIX C VISUAL ASPECT Figure 12 Tran Quoc Pagoda Figure 13 Saint Joseph Cathedral Figure 14 Hanoi Opera House 148 Figure 15 Long Bien Bridge Figure 16 Long Bien Bridge Figure 17 Thang Long Water Puppet Theater Figure 18 Hanoi Old Quarter 149 Figure 20 Bánh Figure 21 Phở (Noodle Soup) Figure 22 Bún thang Figure 23 Cha ca La Vong 150 Figure 26 Hanoians Figure 27 Hanoians 151 ... case of the English version of a travel brochure of Hanoi With regards to the analysis procedure, the data was divided into two types, linguistic data – the language, and visual data – the images... travel guide? What is represented visually through the transitivity system of the English version of a Hanoi travel guide? Scope of the study A 14-page English version of a Hanoi travel guide. .. version of a Hanoi travel guide? ?? Aims and research questions This paper aims at exploring the contents of a Hanoi travel guide through analyzing the Transitivity system of it With this aim, an