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(1)ĐƠN THỨC - ĐA THỨC - HẰNG ĐẲNG THỨC RÈN KĨ NĂNG TÍNH TỐN
Bài 1: Nhân đơn thức với đa thức rút gọn có thể:
5
4
2 3
3 2
3
1/ 4x x 4x 7x 2 / 3x 2x 5x x
3 3 / 5x y 3x y 2x y xy / 4x y 2x y 4x 3y
1
5 / x y 2x y 4xy
3
5
2
2
4
2
6 / x y x y xy
3
2
7 / 3x y x y y
3
3
8 / x y xy 10x 5y
5
5
9 / x x y xy xy
6
7
10 / x y x y x y
3 14
2
11/ 5x 3x x
12 / 4x 2x 4x x
Bài 2: Tìm x, biết:
2
2
2
1
1/ 5x x x 12
5
4
2 / 3x x 4x x 10
3 / x 3x x 5x x / 12x 4x 3x 10x 17 / 4x x 7x x 3x 12
2
2
2
2
6 / 4x 2x 4x x 7x
7 / x 5 x 3x x
8 / 7x x x 21x 14x
9 / 5x x x x 13x
1
10 / x 10x 15 2x x 12
5
Bài 3: Tính giá trị biểu thức:
1/ A 7x x 5 3 x 2 x = 2 / B 4x x 2 4x2
x =
2
3 / C 4x 2x 3x x 5 x = -1 4 / D 3x2 4x x 2
x =
5 / E 4x 2x 3 5x x 2 x =
Bài 4: Chứng minh biểu thức sau không phụ thuộc vào biến:
1/ A3x x 5 3 x 4x 3x 10 / B 4x x 2 7x 2 x 3 7x22x 5
2
3/ C 5x x x x 5x 5 15 4 / D x 5x 3 x 7x 35 14
2
5 / E x 4x x x 4 15
Bài 5: Nhân đa thức với đa thức rút gọn
2
2
1/ 3x 2x / 5x 3x 3/ x 4x / x 2x x / x x x / 2x x 5x
2
2
2
2
7 / x x 4x
1
8 / x 2x 4x
2
9 / x 4x 2x
2
10 / x 3x 6x
3
2
2
2
2
11/ 4x x x x 12 / 5x x x 13/ x 2x x x 14 / 3x 7x x x 15 / x x 3x x
16 / 4x x x x x x 17 / 5x x x x
2
2
2
18 / x x 5x x x
19 / 4x x x x x
20 / x x 7x x
21/ x x x x x
22 / x x x x
23/ x x x x
24 / 2x x x x
2
2
25 / x x 2x x
26 / x x x x
27 / x x x x
28 / 5x x x 4x x 2x
29 / 4x x x 3x x x
30 / x x 7 x x
31/ 4x x x x x
(2)
1/ 4x x x 4x / 3x x 3x x 3/ x x x x / 5x x x 5x 5/ x x x x
2
2
2
2
11/ x x x x x 12 / x x 3x x x 6x 13/ 5x 5x 25x 7x 15 14 / 8x x x x 20 15 / 4x x 4x x 28x 13
2 / x x 6x x / x x x x 10 / 2x x x 2x / x x x x 2x 10 / 4x x x 4x 15
16 / 4x x x x 17 / 3x x 3x x x 18 / x x x x x 19 / x x 5x x
20 / x x x x 13
Bài 7: Chứng minh rằng: giá trị biểu thức sau không phụ thuộc vào giá trị biến:
2
2
1/ 5x 2x x x 3x / 3x 2x x 6x 38x 3/ 5x x x 5x 17 x / x x x 3x 18 25 / 4x x x x 3x x
2
6 / x x 2x x x x
7 / 7x 2x 5x x 9x 17x
8 / x x 5x x 3x 27x
9 / 6x x 3x 2x 4x
10 / 8x x x 8x 11 6x
Bài 8: Chứng minh đẳng thức sau:
2 2 2
2 2 2
2
1/ a b a 2ab b
2 / a b a 2ab b
3/ a-b a b a b
3 2
3 3 2 2 3
2 3
2 3
4 / a b a 3a b 3ab b
5 / a b a 3a b 3ab b
6 / a b a ab b a b
7 / a b a ab b a b
Bài 9: Rút gọn tính giá trị biểu thức
1/ A5x 2x 3 7x x 4 x =
2 / B x 2x 3 x x 5 x =
2
3 / C 5x 3x 2 2x x 2 x = - 2
4 / D x 5 3x 1 x 2x 1 x = 1
3
5 / E x x 8 x x 2 x =
6 / F3 x 2x 1 x 5 3x 2 4x x 6 x = -3
7 / G 5x 4 2x 5 7x x 4x 3 x 4x 7x 2 x =1
8 / H 3x x 6 x x 2x 3 x x x = -1
9 / L 5x x 2x 3 10x x 4x 5 x x 4 x =
2
10 / M7x x 5 x x x 2 x x 3 5x x 8 x =
Bài 10: Rút gọn
2
2
2
1/ 5x x 2x x x 5x 3x
2 / 4x 3x 5x x x x x 2x x 3/ 4x x 2x 3x x x 2x x 4x x x / 5x x 4x x x x x 2x x
(3)
2
2
2
2
5 / 3x x 5x x 2x x 4x x x x
6 / 7x 2x 4x x 2x 3x x 4x x
7 / x 3x 2x x x x 2x 5x x 4x
8 / 8x 2x x x 6x x x x x
2
2
9 / 3x x x x 4x 2x x 4x 10 / 5x x 3x x x 2x x x 5x x
2
2
2
2
2
11/ 3x x 2x x 2x x 2x x x 12 / 2x x 4x x 7x 2x x x x x 13/ x 3x 5x x x x 5x x x x x 14 / x x 7x x 5x 5x x 30
15 / 3x x x 2x x x x x 2x
2 2
2 2
2
2
2
16 / x x 3x 4x x 4x x x x x 17 / 7x x x 5x 2x x 3x x 5x x 5x 18 / 10 x x x 2x 5x x 7x 4x 19 / 5x 2x 4x 10 4x 2x 3x 9x 2x x
20 / 7x 3x 4x 15 2x 3x x x
Bài 11: Tìm x, biết:
2
2 2
2 2
1/ 5x x x 5x 2x x x 2x
2 / x 2x 2x x 4x x x x x 5x
3/ 2x x x x 2x 4x x x x x
4 / 3x x 2x x 3x 6x x x x 10x
2
2
2
5 / x 3x 3x x 5x x x x
6 / 5x x x x x x x x
7 / 3x x x x x x 3x 5x 19
8 / 4x 5x 3x 7x x x 2x 12x 2x
2
9 / 5x 2x 5 5x 5x 1 5x 2x 3 3x 5x 1
2
10 / x 2x 4 2x x 7 5x 2x 4 19x 2x 1
2 2
2 2
2
2
11/ 4x 2x 8x x 5x x 3x
12 / x x x x 15x x 3x 5x 21x 13/ 3x 5x 15x x 6x 3x 9x 2x 14 / 9x x 3x 3x x x x x 11 15 / x x 10 x x 5x x 5x 15x 16 /
2
2 2
2 2
2
7x x x 7x 15x 2x 7x 17 / 6x x 2x 3x x x x x 18 / 5x x 5x x x x x x 7x 19 / 12x x 4x 3x x x x
20 / 2x x x 2x x x x x
(4)Bài 12: Khai triển đẳng thức sau:
2 2
2 2
2
1/ 2x / 3x 2y 3/ x 3y / 5x / 4x 2y / 5x y / 5y / a b c
3
3
3
3
2
2
37 / x 2y 38 / 2x 3y 39 / 2y 40 / 3x 2y
41/ 5a 3b 5a 3b 42 / 3x 3x
43/ 5x 5x
1
44 / 2a 2a
2
3
35 / x 5
3
36 / 2x 3y
2
9 / x y z 45 / 3x 2 y 3x 2y
2
2 2
2 2
10 / 3a 11/ a 12 / 5a 13/ 3a 2b 14 / 3a 15 / 5a 4b
16 / a+b c
17 / a b c
2
2 2
1
46 / x x
2
3
47 / x x
4
3
48 / 5x 5x
2
49 / 2a 2a
50 / x y z x y z
51/ x x x
52 / x x 2x
53/ x x 3x
2
18 / a b c
32
19 / 2x 3y
3
21/ a 22 / a
3 3
23/ x 24 / x 25 / x
2 2
54 / x x 4x 16
55 / x x 5x 25
56 / x x 6x 36
3 3
26 / x 27 / 2x 3y 28 / 3x 29 / 5x
2
3
57 / x x 2x
58 / x x 2x
3 3
31/ a 32 / a 33/ x
3
2
34 / x 1 59 / x x x
2
(5)2
1 x
60 / x x
3
2 2
2
61/ x x x
62 / x x 2x
63/ x x 4x 16
64 / x x 5x 25
1 x
65 / x x
2
2
2
2
2
1 1
66 / x x x
3
67 / x x 2x
68 / 2x 4x 2x
69 / 3x 9x 6x
70 / x x 3x
Bài 13: Rút gọn
2
2
2
2 2
2
2
2 2
1/ 3x x x x x 2x
2 / x x x x x 5x x x
3/ 2x x x x x 2 x x
4 / x 4x 2x 2x x x
5 / 2x 3x 3x x x 2x 2x
6 / 7x 7x 10 2x 5x 3x 4x x
2 2 2
7 / x 3 x 3 5x x 1 x 3x x 2x 4x x 2
2 2
2 2
2
2
8 / 6x x 5 x 3 x 2 2x 1 4x 3x 4 9 / 5x 3y 4x y 4x y 3x 5y x 3y x y 10 / 4x 2y 4x 2y x 5y 3x 2y 7x x 3y
2 3 2
3 2
3 2
11/ 3x x x 2 x 2x 4x 2x
12 / 5x x x x x x x x
13/ x 2x x x x 4x 16 x
3
2
3
2
14 / x x 5x 25 x 3 x x 2x 4 x 1
15 / x x x x 2 x x 7x 49 x 1
3 2
3
2
3 2 3
3 2 2
3 2 2
16 / x x x x x 3x x
17 / 2x 4x 6x 2x 3x 9x 3x
18 / 2x 5x 25x 10x x 5 3x
19 / 3x 2y 4x 5y 16x 20xy 25y y 2x
20 / x 3y 3x 2y 9x 6xy 4y 2y 3x
3
2
3
3 2 2
21/ 5x y 25x 5xy y x 2y 3 2x y 22 / x 3y x 3y x y x y 2x y 23 / 3x y 5x y 25x 5xy y x 2y
(6)
2 2
2 2
2
2 2
1/ x x x 3 x x x x 3x / 2x x x x x x x 3/ x x x x 3x 3x 3x / 5x x x x 3x x x x
2 2
2 2
2
2 2 2
5 / 4x 3x 3x 7x x 2x 4x / 2x 5x 5x x 3x 7x x x / 3x x 9x 3x 3x x
8 / 3x 3x 2x x 2x x 2x x
2 2 2
2 2
9 / x x x 3x 3x 3x x x
10 / x x x 2x 5x 5x 5x
3 2 3
11/ x 1 3 x 3 x x 2x 4 x 2 x x 3x 9 6x 5
3 2 3
3 2
3 3
12 / x x x 7x x x x x x 9x 13/ x x x 5x 25 x x 2x x x 14 / x x x 3x x 3 2x x 5x
3 2 3 3
15/ x x 5x 25 x 3 3x 2 x 2 6x x
3
2
3 2
17 / 2x 4x 6x 2x x x x 2x
18/ 4x 4x 12x 16x 8x 8x 3x
3
2
3 3 2
3 2
16/ x x 6x 36 x x x x 10x 25 2x 6x 19/ 2x 6x 6x 2x x x x x x
20/ 2x 2x 4x 10x 25 6x x x 2x x
Bài 15: Chứng minh rằng: giá trị biểu thức sau không phụ thuộc vào giá trị biến:
2 2
2 3 2
2
1/ A x x x x 2x 20x
2 / B 5x x x x 2x x 4x 246x 175
3/ C 2x 3x 4x x 8x 3x x
2
2 2 2
3 2
3
2
3
2
4 / D 5x 6x 11 x x 16 2x
5/ E 4x x x x 2x 4x
6 / F 2x x x 2 x x x x 3x 9x 110x
7 / G 3x 9x 3x 1 3x 3x 9x x x x 6x 12
8/ H x x 5x 25 2x x 3x 11
3 2
3 2 3
x
9 / K x x x 3x x x x x 18x 36x
10 / L 3x 2x x 3x 9x 3x 6x 7x 2x
3 2
3
3 2
3 3
11/ M x x x 2x x 7x x 9x 12 / N 4x 16x 4x 4x 3x 16x
13/ P 2x 2x 16 8x 4x 4x 9x 14 / Q 3x 18x 3x x 28x 3x x
3
15 / R 4x 16x 4x 1 4x 1 12x 4x 15
3 3
(7)
3
2
3
2 2
3
2
2
2 2 2
17 / T x x 5x 25 x 9x x x x x 14
18 / U x x x 3x x 6x x 15x
19 / V x 9x x x x 3x 20
20 / R x x 2x x 6x x 10
Bài 16: Rút gọn tìm giá trị biểu thức sau:
2 3
1/ A 2x 3 x 3 4x 16x 4x 1 x = 2
3 2 2
2 / B 3x y x 2y x 2xy 4y x x = 1; y =
2 3 3 2
3/ C x 5y 2x 3y x y 2x 3y 4x 6xy 9y x = x 1; y
2
3 2 2 3
4 / D x 2 y 3 x y x xy y x y x = 1; x =
2
2 3 3
5 / E 2x y 4x 2xy y 3x y x 2y x = - 1; y =
3 2 3 2
6 / F x 2y x 3y 2y 3x x y x 1; y
2
3 2 3 2
7 / G 3x 1 y 2 y 1 x y x 1; y
3
3 2 3 2
8 / H 2x y 3x 2 y 2 x 3y x 2; y
2
2 3 2 3
9 / K 5x 4y x 2y 4x y 2x y x 1; y
2
3 2 3
10 / L x 3 x y x x x x y x = 1; y = -3
3 2
11/ M 2x 4x 2x 1 2x 1 x 3y x 1; y
2
2 2 3
12 / N x 2y x y x xy y x 2y x = - 1; x =
3 3
13/ P 3x y 2x y 2x y x 3y x 1; y
3
2 3 2 3
14 / Q 5x 2y x 3y 2x y x 2y x 1; y
5
2 3
15 / R 3x 2y x y 3x 3x 2 y 3x x 1; y
3
3 2
16 / S 2x 4x 6x 9 2x 1 x 5 x = -
3 2
17 / T 3x 2y 3x 3x 2 2 x y 2x y x =
2; y = -1
3 2 2
18 / U x 3y x 3y x 3xy 9y 2x x 2 x 1; y 2
3
19 / V x 3x x 1 x 3 x x 10x 25 x = -
3 3
20 / W 2x 4x 8x 16 x 2y y 1 x 1; y
Bài 17 : Tìm x , biết:
2 2
2 2
1/ x x x x x x 3x 6x x
2 / x 2x 4x 2x x 2x 18x 2x
3 2
(8) 3 2
4 / 3x 9x 6x 4 2x 2x 5 3x 1 2x 3 9x 3x 1
3 2 2
2
2
2
3
2
5 / 2x 3x 2x 4x 10x 25 6x 2x 9x
6 / x x x 4x 4x 16x 8x 12x 4x
7 / 3x 2x x 3x 3x 9x 3x 9x 3x
8 / x x x 2x 6x 2x 2x 4x 6x
9 / 4x 16x 12x 4x x 12x 4x
2 2 3
x x
10 / 2x x 4x 3 x 3x x x 6x x
3 3
3
2
2
2 2
3 2
11/ 5x 5x 3x 5x 9x 3x 27x 12 / 12x x x x x x x x x 13/ 9x 3x 3x 2x 2x 18x 3x 4x 14 / 2x x x 4x 16 2x x 6x x 15 / 4x 4x 16x 4x 36x 4x x x x
2 3
16 / 3x 5 9x x 2 2x 3 2x 4x 2x 18x 2x 3
3 2
3 2
2 2
17 / x x x x 15x x x x x 18/ x 3x 3x x x 3x 3x x 9x x 19 / x x x 2x 2x 4x 2x 18x 2x
Bài 18: Tìm x, biết
1/ 2x 3x 5 13 / x 7 5 2x 3 4
2 / 4x 2x 6 14 / 5x 2x 5 2 x 1
3/ 5x 8x 8 15 / 5x 2 x 4 3x 2
4 / 7x 3x 5/ 3x 4x 12 / 4x 8x / 3x 2x / 12x 3x 12 / 5x 7x 10 / 4x 13 5x
16 / 2x x 2x
17 / 7x x x
18 / x 3x x
19 / 5x 7x x
20 / 10x x 3x x
11/ x 2x
12 / x 2 x
PHÂN TÍCH ĐA THỨC RA NHÂN TỬ
Bài 1: Phân tích đa thức sau thành nhân tử(Phương pháp đặt thừa số chung) 1/ 2a 2b
2 / 2a 2b 3/ 2a 4b 6c / 3a 6b 9c / 4a 8b 12c / 5x 10xy 15y / 7a 14ab 21b / 6xy 12x 18y / 8xy 24y 16x 10 / 9ab 18a
2
11/ xy x 12 / ax a 13/ mx my m 14 / ax ay a
15 / ax ax a
16 / 2ax 4ay 17 / 2ax 2ay 2a
2
2
2
2
21/ 5ax 15ay 20a 22 / 3a x 6a y 12a
23/ 2axy 4a xy 6a x
24 / 5a xy 10a x 15ay 25 / mxy m x my 26 / 2mx 4m xy 6mx
(9)2
2
2 3 2
2 4 2
3 4 3
3 2
2
3
3
27 / a b 2ab ab
28 / 5a b 10ab 5ab
29 / 3x y 6x y x y
30 / 5x y 10x y 5x y
31/ 2x y 4x y 2x y
32 / 4x y 8x y 12x
33/ 7x y 14x y 21y
34 / 8x y 16xy 24
35 / 12x y 6xy 3x
2
2
36 / x y a x y
37 / a x y b x y
38 / m x y n x y
39 / 2a x y x y
40 / 3a x y 6ab x y
41/ 5a x y 10a x y
42 / 2ab x y 4a x y
43/ 3a x y x y
44 / m a b m a b
45 / mx a b m a b
2 2
2
46 / x a b y b a
47 / a x b x
48 / 2a x a x
49 / ab x a x
50 / 2a x y 4a y x
51/ 3ab x 9a x
52 / 2a x 4a x
53/ a x a x
2
2
2
2
54 / 2xy a 4x y a
55 / 5x y x 5xy x
56 / 3ab x y 3a y x
57 / 4a x 5 x
58 / 3a x a x
59 / 2a b x y 4a b x y
60 / 7a x 2y 14a 2y x
m m
m m
m m
m 2
m m
61/ x x
62 / x x
63/ x x
64 / x x
65 / x x
Bài 2: Phân tích đa thức sau thành nhân tử(Phương pháp nhóm hạng tử)
1/ x a b a b
2 / x a b a b
3/ m x y x y
4 / m x y x y
5/ x y a x y / x y a x y / a b x a b / a b x a b
2
2 2
2
2
2 2
2
23/ x xy 2x 2y
24 / 10ax 5ay 2x y 25 / 10ax 5ay 2x y
26 / 5x y 5xy a x a y
27 / 6a y 3aby 4a x 2abx
28 / 2x 6xy 5x 15y
29 / 10ay 5by 2a x aby
30 / ax 3axy bx 3by
9 / a b x a b 31/ 2a x 5by 5a y 2bx2
10 / a b x b a 32 / 5ax2 3axy 3ay 3axy
11/ x a b a b
12 / a x y x y
13/ a x y x y
14 / x a b a b
15 / a b x a b 16 / ax ay bx by 17 / ax ay 2x 2y 18 / ax ay bx by
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
33/ 3a x 3a y abx aby 34 / 4acx 4bcx 4ax 4bx 35 / 2ax 6ax 6ax 18a
36 / ax y bx y ax bx 2a 2b 37 / 3ax 3bx ax bx 5a 5b 38 / ax bx 2ax 2bx 3a 3b 39 / 2ax bx 2ax bx 4a 2b 40 / ax 5x ax 5x a
19 / ax ay 2x 2y 20 / 2x 2y ax ay
41/ ax bx cx a b c 42 / ax bx cx 2a 2b 2c
2
21/ x xy 2x 2y
22 / x xy 2x 2y
43/ ax bx cx 3a 3b 3c 44 / 2ax bx 3cx 2a b 3c
(10)Bài 3: Tìm x, biết:
2 2 2 2 2
1/ x 7x
2 / 3x 5x
3/ x 3x 2x
4 / x 6x x
5 / x 2x 3x
6 / x 4x 5x 20
7 / x 4x 5x 20
8 / x 10x 2x 20
9 / x 10x 2x 20
10 / x 20x x 20
2 2 2 2 2
11/ x 20x x 20
12 / x 12x 2x 24
13/ x 12x 2x 24
14 / x 6x 4x 24
15 / x 6x 4x 24
16 / x 8x 3x 24
17 / x 8x 3x 24
18 / x 8x 3x 24
19 / x 8x 3x 24
20 / x 5x 24
Bài 4: Phân tích nhân tử(Phương pháp dùng đẳng thức)
2
2
2 2
2 2
2
1/ a 4b / 4a b 3/ a 25 / 25a / a / 9a / 121 a / 64a 9 / 81a 25 10 / 144a 81
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
25 / a 5b 16b
26 / 25a a b
27 / 4a a b
28 / 49a 2a b
29 / 36a 3a 2b
30 / 81a 5a 3b
31/ a 2b 3a b
32 / 5a b 2a 3b
33/ 4a 3b b 2a
34 / 2a b a b
2
2
2
2
4
2
2
4
2
2
11/ 36a 49b
12 / 196a 4b
13/ 25a 49b
14 / 100a 9b 15 / a 4b
1
16 / a b
4
1
17 / a b
4
4 25
18 / a
9
1
19 / 25a b
4
20 / 36x
25
2
2
2
2
2
2
2 2
35 / a b a 2b
36 / 2a b 16 a b
37 / 25 x 2x
38 / 49 x x
39 / 81 x 3x
40 / 36 x y 25 2x
41/ x 10x 25
42 / x 8x 16
43/ x 6x
44 / x 14x 49
2 2
2
2 2
2 2
21/ a b c
22 / a b
23/ a 2b 4b
24 / a 3b 9b
2 2
45 / x 12x 36
46 / 4x 12x
47 / 9x 12x
48 / 16x 8x
4
4
49 / 4x 20x 25
50 / 9x 24x 16
(11)2
2
2
4 2
2
4 2
4
4
10
6
51/ 25x 20xy 4y
52 / 4x 12xy 9y
53/ 25x 10xy y
54 / x 8x y 4y
55 / 9x 30x 25
56 / 9x 12x y 4y
57 / 4x 16x y 16y
58 / 9x 12x 4x
59 / x 4x 4x
60 / 9x 12x 4x
3 2 3 3 3
3 2
91/ m 3m 3m
92 / m 6m 12m
93/ 27 27m 9m m
94 / 64 48m 12m m
95 / 125 75m 15m m
96 / 8a 12a 6a
97 / 8a 12a 6a
98 / 27a 27a 9a
99 / 27a 27a 9a
100 / 27a 54ab 36ab 8b
3 3 3
61/ m 27
62 / x
63/ a
27 64 / 8x 27y
1
65 / x 8y
71/ 8x 27y 3 3 3 3 72 / x
8
73/ x 125y
64
74 / a b c
75 / x y
76 / 125 x
77 / x
3 6 6
78 / x 27
79 / x 12580
80 / x 64
81/ x 82 / x 83 / x y
12 3 3
84 / x y 85 / x
86 / x 3x 3x
87 / x 6x 12x
88 / x 9x 27x 27
89 / x 12x 48x 64
90 / x 15x 75x 125
Bài 5: Tìm x, biết:
2 2 2
1/ x
2 / x 25
3/ x 36
4 / x 81 / x 49 / 2x
2 2 2
21/ x 6x
22 / x 4x 21
23/ x 14x 13
24 / x 2x 80
25 / x 10x 16
26 / x 12x 11
3 3
39 / x 6x 12x
40 / x 6x 12x
41/ x 4x
42 / x 25x
43/ x 36x
2 2
7 / 3x 75
8/ 2x 72
9 / 2x 98
10 / 2x 162
2 2
27 / x 8x
28 / 4x 4x
29 / 4x 12x
30 / 4x 12x
3
44 / x 81x
45 / x 49x
2 2 2
11/ x
12 / x 25
13/ x 36
14 / x 81
15 / x 6x
16 / x 4x
17 / x 14x 49
3 3 3 3
31/ x 3x 3x
32 / x 3x 3x
33/ x 6x 12x
34 / x 6x 12x
35 / x 9x 27x 27
36 / x 9x 27x 27
37 / x 3x 3x
38 / x 3x 3x
18 / x 2x 10 0
2
19 / x 10x 25
20 / x 12x 36
(12)Bài 6: Phân tích nhân tử(Phối hợp phương pháp)
2
2
3 2
4 2
5 3
2
3
4 2
5
4
1/ 5x 10xy 5y
2 / 6x 12xy 6y
3/ 2x 4x y 2xy
4 / 3x y 6x y 3x y
5 / 4x y 8x y 4x y
6 / 3x 12x 12
7 / 2x 8x 8x
8 / 3x y 12x y 12x y
9 / 4x y 16x y 16x y
10 / 5x y 20x y 20
x y2
2 2
2 2
2
2
2
3
2
2
37 / ax bx 2xy a b 2ay by
38/ ax bx 2axy 2bxy ay by
39 / x a b 4ax 4bx 4a 4b
40 / ax bx 6ax 6bx 9a 9b
41/ 5a
42 / 10a 10a 43/ 12x y 75xy 44 / 8a xy 18b xy 45/ 9xy 4a xy
46 / 2xm 2x
2
3
4
5
4 2
2
3 2
4 3
11/ 7x 14x
12 / 2x 4x 2x
13/ 3x y 6x y 3x y
14 / 4x y 8x y 4x y
15 / 5x y 10x y 5x y
16 / 12x 12xy 3y
17 / 8x 8x y 2xy
18 / 20x y 20x y 5x y
3
3
3 3 3
2
3 3
3
5
47 / 8a x 27b x 48 / 16a xy 54b xy 49 / 32a b 50 / 5xy 40a b xy 51/ 2x 16
52 / 16a bx 54a b
53/ 5x y 5a b
54 / 16 2abx y 55 / 3x y 3x y
5 3
4 2
2
2
2
2
2
2 2
2
2
2
2
2
2 2
2
19 / 16x y 16x y 4x y
20 / 12x y 12x y 3x y
21/ a 16a
22 / a 36a
23/ a 4b 16a b
24 / 36a a
25 / 100a a 25
26 / x 2xy y 25
27 / x 4xy 4y 36z
28 / 4a x 2x
29 /
2 2
2
25a b 4x 4x
30 / 36x a 10a 25
3
3 3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
56 / a b 16
57 / ab x y 8ab
58 / 27xy xy a b
59 / 8xy x x y
60 / a b c
61/ x a b xy aby
62 / x a b xy aby
63/ x 2a b xy 2aby
64 / x 2a b xy 2aby
65 / y 3b 2a xy 6abx
66 / y 3b 2a xy 6abx
2 2
67 / ab x y xy a b
2 2
2 2
2
2 2
2 2
2 2
31/ x 2x a 2ab b
32 / x 4xy 4y a 2ab b
33/ 2m m x 4x
34 / m 6m x 4xy 4y
35/ 4x 4xy y 25a 10a
36 / x a b 2xy a b ay by
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
68 / xy a b ab x y 69 / xy a 2b ab 2x y 70 / xy a 2b ab 2x y
71/ 3xy a b ab x 9y
72 / 3xy a b ab x 9y
(13)
2
2
2
73/ xy ab ay bx
74 / xy ab bx ay
75 / xy 4ab ay bx
2
2
76 / 2xy ab 2ay bx
77 / xy 3ab 3ay bx
NÂNG CAO
Bài 1: Phân tích đa thức nhân tử kĩ thuật bổ sung đẳng thức
2 2 2
1/ x 5x
2 / x 5x
3/ x 7x 12
4 / x 7x 12
5 / x x 12
2
2
2
2
2
21/ x xy 2y
22 / x xy 2y
23/ x 3xy 2y
24 / x xy 6y
25 / 2x 3xy 2y
2
2
2
2
2
26 / 6x xy y
27 / 2x 5xy y
28 / 6x 2xy 4y
29 / 2x 2xy 4y
30 / 3x 8xy 3y
2 2 2
6 / x x 12
7 / x 9x 20
8/ x 9x 20
9 / x x 20
10 / x x 20
2
2
2
2
2
2
31/ x x xy 2y 2y
32 / x 2y 3xy x 2y
33/ x x xy 2y y
34 / x 4xy x 3y 3y
35 / x 4xy 2x 3y 6y
36 / 6x xy 7x 2y 7y
2
2
2
2
37 / 6a ab 2b a 4b
38 / 3x 22xy 4x 8y 7y
39 / 2x 5x 12y 12y 10xy
40 / 2a 5ab 3b 7b
2 2 2 2
11/ 2x 3x
12 / 3x x
13/ 4x 7x
14 / 4x 5x
15 / 4x 15x
16 / 3x 10x
17 / 6x 7x
18 / 5x 14x
2
2
2
2
2
41/ 2x 7xy x 3y 3y
42 / 6x xy y 3x 2y
43/ 4x 4xy 3y 2x 3y
44 / 2x 3xy 4x 9y 6y
45 / 3x 5xy 2y 4x 4y
2
19 / 5x 18x
20 / 6x 7x
Bài 2: Phân tích nhân tử kĩ thuật tách hạng tử
2 2
1/ 3x 7x
2 / 3x 3x
3/ 3x 3x
4 / 6x 13x
2
2
16 / 8x 23x
17 / 8x 23x
18 / 10x 11x
19 / 10x 11x
2 2 2 2
2 2
5 / 6x 13x 6 / 6x 15x / 6x 15x
8 / 6x 20x
9 / 6x 20x
10 / 6x 12x
11/ 8x 2x
12 / 8x 2x
13/ 8x 5x
14 / 8x 10x
15 / 8x 10x
2 2
2
2 2
2
20 / 10x 4x
21/ 10x 4x
22 / 10x 7x
23/ 10x 7x
24 / 10x 17x
25 / 10x 17x
26 / 10x 28x
27 / 10x 28x
28 / 10x 7x 12
29 / 10x 7x 12
30 / 10x 14x 12
(14) RÈN KĨ NĂNG SUY LUẬN ĐƠN - ĐA - HẰNG ĐẲNG THỨC
Bài 1: Rút gọn cách thay số chữ
6
1/ A x 2007x 2007x 2007x 2007x 2007x 2007 với x 2006
10
2 / B x 2006x 2006x 2007x 2006x 2006x với x 2005
30 29 28 27
3 / C x 2000x 2000x 2000x 2000x 2000x 2000 với x 2006
10
4 / D x 20x 20x 20x 20x 20x với x24
20 19 18 17
5 / E x 25x 25x 25x 25x 25x 25x 25 với x24
6
6 / F
4453 1997 1997 4453
7 1
7 / G
5741 3759 3759 5741 3759 3759.5741
7 1 1001
8 / H
1000 999 500 999 999.1000
1 3178
9 / K
3179 1111 3179 1111 3179.1111
1 6516
10 / L
3150 6517 1050
6517 1050 3120.6517
1 4586
11/ M
4587 3897 4587 3897 4587 4587.3897
12 / N 999994.999999.999992 999996.999991.999998 13/ P 444443.444448.444441 444445.444440.444447 14 / Q 777775.777780.777773 777777.777772.777779 15 / R 888887.888892.888885 888889.888884.888891
Bài 2: Chứng minh đẳng thức sau:
2
2 2 2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3 3 2
2 2
1/ a b a b 4ab
2 / a b a b a b
3/ a b 4ab a b
4 / a b 4ab a b
5 / a b a b 3ab a b
6 / a b a b 3ab a b
7 / a b c 3abc a b c a b c ab bc ca
8 / a b c b c a c a b 4abc a b b c c a
9 /
2 2 2 2 2 2
a b c b c a c a b a b c 4 a b c
2 2 2 2 2 2
10 / a b c d a b c d a c b d a d b c 4 a b c d
11/ Nếu có: a b c 0 Chứng minh rằng: a3b3c3 3abc
12/ Nếu có: a b c 0 Chứng minh rằng: a2b2c22 2 a 4b4c4
13/ Nếu có: a b c d 0 Chứng minh rằng: a3b3c3d33 c d ab cd
14/ Chứng minh có a b c d a b c d a b c d a b c d a c b d 15/ Chứng minh có a b c 2 3ab 3bc 3ca a = b = c
(15)2 2
1/ A x 2x
2 / B x 4x
3/ C x x
2 2
4 / D x x
5 / E x 3x
6 / F 2x 4x
2 2
7 / G 3x 5x
8 / H 4x 4x
9 / K 4x 3x
10 / L 2x 3x
Bài 4: Chứng minh biểu thức sau có giá trị âm với giá trị x
2 2 2
1/ A x 2x
2 / B x 4x
3/ C x 6x 11
4 / D x x
5 / E x 3x
2 2
2
6 / F 3x 6x
7 / G 5x 7x
8 / H 4x 6x
1
9 / K x x
2
10 / L x 2x
3
Bài 5: Viết biểu thức sau dạng tổng hai bình phương
2
2
2
2
2
1/ x 2x 4y 4y
2 / 4x 4x y 2y
3/ 4x 4x 4y 4y
4 / 4x y 12x 4y 13
5 / 12x 13 24y 9x 16y
2 2
2 2
2
2
6 / a 4ab 5b 4bc 4c
7 / 5x y z 4xy 2xz
8 / 9x 25 12xy 2y 10y
10 / 13x 4x 12xy 4y
Bài 6: Tìm x y, biết:
2
2
2
1/ x 2x y 4y / 4x y 20x 2y 26 3/ x 4y 13 6x 8y
2
2
2
4 / 4x 4x 6y 9y
5 / x y 6x 10y 34
6 / 25x 10x 9y 12y
2
2
7 / x 9y 10x 12y 29
8 / 9x 12x 4y 8y
2
2
9 / 4x 9y 20x 6y 26 10 / 3x 3y 6x 12y 15