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Đề tài tập trung vào việc nghiên cứu các lớp Điều khiển truy nhập môi trường MAC trong công nghệ 802.16, qua đó trình bày những vấn đề cơ bản về công nghệ WiMAX cũng như các chuẩn WiMAX, các kĩ thuật ứng dụng trong WiMAX, mô hình phân lớp trong công nghệ WiMAX, làm rõ qui trình làm việc của hệ thống WiMAX. Mời các bạn cùng tham khảo.
BO GIAO DI C VA DAC , TAO TWANG 13$1 HQC THONG LONG -o0o - KHOA LUAN TOT NGHIEP TIM HIEU VA NGHIEN °UV M4NG KHONG DAY VVIMAX Ciao vien hirerng chin : Mani Thanh Giang Sinh vien thvc hien : Tan Thai Linh : a13520 Ma sinh vien : CONG NCH* THONG TIN Chuyen nghanh HA NQI - 2013 MUC LUC CHUONG GIOI THI$U CHUNG VE WiMAX 1.1 GIOI THI$U CHUONG 1.2 MAI NIEM 1.3 CAC CHUAN CUA WiMAX 1.3.1 Chuan IEEE 802.16 - 2001 1.3.2 Chan IEEE 802.16a 1.3.3 Chuin IEEE 802.16 - 2004 1.3.4 Chuan IEEE 802.16e 1.4 P116 WiMAX 1.4.1 Bang tat' ding k9 1.4.2 Bang tin khong dAng k9 5GHz 1.5 TRUYEN SONG 1.6 UV DIEM VA NHUM DIEM COA CONG NGHE WiMAX 10 1.7 TiNH HiNH TRIEN KHAI WiMAX 13 1.7.1 rmh hinh trien khai WiMAX tren the glen 13 1.7.2 Tinh hinh trien khai WiMAX this nghiem tai Viet Nam 13 1.8 KET LUAN CHUONG 14 CHUONG CAC KV THUAT MAX SlY DUNG THONG WiMAX 15 2.1 GIOI TH1EU CHUONG 15 2.2 Kt THUAT OFDM 16 2.2.1 Khai niem 16 2.2.2 So dó khOi OFDM 17 2.2.3 ChuOi bao ye he thong OFDM 18 2.2.4 Nguyen tic giai dieu the OFDM 19 2.2.5 Cac uu vi nhtrqc diem cita ki thuit OFDM 19 2.3 Kt THUAT OFDMA 21 2.3.1 IChai niem 21 2.3.2 Dec diem 22 2.3.3 OFDMA nhay rim 23 2.3.4 He thong OFDMA 25 2.4 Dieu the thich nghi 26 2.5 Cling nghe sin 16i 27 2.6 Dieu khien c8ng suit 27 2.7 Cac ding nghe anten tien tiAn 27 2.7.1 Phan tip thu va phit 27 2.7.2 Cic he thOng anten thich nghi 2.8 KET LUAN CHUONG CHUONG MEN TRIJC MANG TRUY CAP WIMAX 28 29 30 3.1 Gist THIEU CHUONG 30 3.2 MO HINH THAM CHIEU 30 3.3 LOP DIEU KHIEN TRUY NHAFIMOI TRUONG (MAC) 32 3.3.1 Ket not vi dja chi 32 3.3.2 Lop hOi ta MAC 34 3.3.3 Lop phin chung MAC 34 3.3.4 Ca the yeu au vi cap Oat bang th8ng 38 3.3.5 Co the 40 lich djch va vi chit Itrong djch v0 (QoS) 3.4 LOP VAT Lt 42 3.5 KET LUAN CHUONG 44 CHUONG MO PHONG HO/ST HONG 14 THONG WiMAX 45 4.1 GO! THIEU CHUONG 45 4.2 MOI TRUONG MO PHONG 45 4.3 MO PHONG 47 4.3.1 Gia thuyet 47 4.3.2 Kjch bin mo phong 47 4.4 PHAN T1CH KET QUA MO PHONG 50 4.4.1 Holt dOng 50 4.4.2 Tinh lunng bring th8ng dirqc s* dung ten cic Node 51 4.5 NHAIsIXET 56 KET LUAN VA MANG PHAT TRIEN DE TAI 57 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 58 Phv Ivc A: Gil trj truirng Type thong blo quin trj lop MAC 59 MVC LUC HIM! VE Hinh 1.1 Minh hos hoot dOng WiMAX [10] Hinh 1.2 Truyen sling tnrang hop NLOS [10] 10 Hinh 2.1 So sanh gift FDMA va OFDM 16 Hinh 2.2 Sa d6 khoi he th6ng OFDM 17 Hinh 2.3 Khai niem ve chu6i bito vg 18 Hinh 2.4 ISI va cyclic prefix 19 Hinh 3.1 MO hinh them chieu [5] 30 Hinh 3.2 Chile nang ck lap m8 hinh phan lop chart IEEE 802.16 31 Hinh 3.3 Luling der lieu qua each!, 31 Hinh 3.4 Djnh dung MAC PDU 35 Hinh 3.5 Djnh dung cua tieu de MAC PDU chung 36 Hinh 3.6 Djnh dung tieu de yeu cau diti thong 37 Filth 4.1 Module WiMAX kien true NS-2 [13] 46 Hinh 4.2 MO hinh mung m8 phong 48 Hinh 4.3 Lien ket giOn MS va cac BS 51 Hinh 4.4 Mac nang luong giera cell 51 Hinh 4.5 Ck tratmg event file barn vet —.tr 52 Hinh 4.6 Ck trutmg Wireless Event 53 MUC LVC BANG Bang 1.1 Tom tit ck dac thing ca ban dm chutur WiMAX[6] Bang 3.1 Cac trtdmg tier' de MAC chung 37 Bang 3.2 Cac trtrOng tieu de MAC you cau diti thong 38 Bang 3.3 Dac to vat!), char' IEEE 802.16 42 Bang 4.1 KM qua thei gian chuyen giao cita MS 55 MVC LVC BIEU De) Bleu 4.1 Thong Itrong SS MN di chuyen veri ttic dO m/s 54 Bieu 4.2 Thong luong SS MN di chuyen vai t6c 4.147 m/s 54 Bieu 4.3 Thong luong SS MN di chuyen v6i tin dO 8.3 m/s 55 P HV LVC Phu luc A: Gia tri trtrOng Type thong bio quitn try' lop MAC Phu luc B: Giao thin djnh tuyen DSDV Phu lye C: Cal rig NS-2 tren nen Ubuntu 12.04 Danh myc thy& ngti va cac tic viit tat DA' MVC THUAT Nay VA cAc Te VIET TAT AAS Advanced Antenna Systems - Cac he then anten thich nghi AES Advanced Encryption Standard - Chitin ma hem nang cao AK Authentication Key - Khoa chimg thgc ARQ Automatic Repeat reQuest - Tis dOng lap lai yeu au ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode AWGN Additive White Gaussian Noise - Nhieu Gaussian trang cong BE Best Effort BER Bit Error Rate - Ti le lei bit BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying - dilu the pha nhj phan BS Base Station - Tram gee CDMA Code Division Multiple Access - Da truy cap phan chia theo ma CID Connection Identifier - Dinh danh ket not CP Cyclic Prefix - Tien CPE Customer Premise Equipment CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check - Kiem tra 18i du yang DFS Dynamic Frequency Selection — bra chgn tin se dOng FDD Frequency Division Duplex - Ghtp kenh phan chia theo tan se FFT Fast Fourier Transform - Chuyen dei Fourier nhanh GSM ICI to Wong Global System for Mobile communications - He thong thong tin di dOng town cau InterChannel Interference - Nhieu xuyen kenh IDFT Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform - Bien dei Fourirer tin rac ngtrgc IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers cac Ky Su Dien va Dien Tar HQC Vien ciia IFFT Inverse Fast Fourier Transform - Bien del Fourier ngugc nhanh ISI Inter-Symbol Interference - Nhieu xuyen ky tir Danh myc thueit ngt7 KEK LOS MSHOREG va cdc tit vdt tin Key Encryption Key Line Of Sight - Tim nhin thing Mobile Station Handover Request — yeu ciu chuyen giao tram di dOng MAC Media Access Control - Dieu khien truy nhop m8i twang MAN Metropolitan Area Network — Mang thj MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output - Nhieu dau vao, nhieu dau MISO Multiple Input Single Output - Nhieu dau vio, mOt dau MS Mobile Station NLOS Non—Line-Of-Sight - IChong tam nhin thing nrtPS non—real-time Polling Service OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing - Ghop kenh phan chia theo tan so trirc giao OFDMA Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access - Da truy cip ghep kenh chia tin se tray giao PDU Packet Data Unit - Don vj gOi der lieu PKM Privacy and Key Management - Quin ber sv rieng to va kh6a QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation - Dieu the bien dO true giao QoS Quality of Service - Chit Itrong djch vv QPSK Quadature Phase Shift Keying - dieu the pha trvc giao RSSI Receive Signal Strength Indicator — Cuong dO tin hieu nhin duqc so v8 tuyen RF Radio Frequency - Tin rtPS real-time Polling Service SDU Service Data Unit - Dun vj dtk lieu djch vtr SLA Service-Level Agreement - Theta thu$n mirc (Bch vv SNR Signal-to-Noise Ratio — Ti le tin hieu ten nhien Danh myc thuat ngu va ccic tit vilt tat SS Subscriber Station - Tram thue bao TDM Time Division Multiplexing — Ghep With phan chia theo thin gian TDMA Time Division Multiplexing Access — Da truy cap phan chia theo thin gian TEK Traffic Encryption Key - Khda ma h6a luu lucrng UDP User Datagram Protocol UGS Unsolicited Grant Services UMTS Universal Mobile Telephone System WiFi Wireless Fidelity WiMAX Worldwide interoperability for Microwave Access WLAN Wireless Local Area Network — Mang cuc khong day Mix dins M O DA U De dap ang nhu cau thuc to hien ve toe deo truyen da lieu cao, bang th8ng Ong han, h6 trq nhieu mire djch vu (QoS), tinh di dOng nOi mang hay gifta cac mang sir dung cong nghe khac vit gifts cac nha cung cap djch v6i VI vay xu huong phat trien mang the he sau di sau vio tinh chart h6a, cho phop xity dtmg kieu mang kh8ng phi; dmijc vao cac duet bi sir dung no vi tuang tac giOra cac kieu mpg khac b mat dO cao MOt cling ngh'e da vi dang duqc phat trien nham dap (mg cac nhu au ke tren, duqc chuan hem beri t6 chic IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) - cling nghe IEEE 802.16 hay duqc gqi la cong nghe WiMAX dinh cho ket not bang thong Ong khong day khan cach 16n Cac cong nghe truy cap kh8ng day hien tai han the ve tee dO truyen du lieu, h6 trq mac dich vu chua linh hog, pham vi phi song hp Do cong nghe WiMAX duqc phat trien luting t6i nave dich khAc phuc, hob thin vi fling cao cac dac tinh manh me cita cong nghe mang khong day Luan van se tap thing vao viec nghien cfru cac 16p Dieu khien truy nhop mei truang MAC cong nghe 802.16, qua trinh bay nhOng van de co ban ve cong nghe WiMAX ding nhu cac chart WiMAX, cac Id thug img dung WiMAX, mo hinh phan 16p tong cong nghe WiMAX Tiep theo, de lain re quy trinh lam viec cita he thong mang WiMAX, luan van se gieri thieu mo phong hog dOng dui he thong WiMAX cling nhu phan m'em ho trq m8 phong cac hog dOng Ulan van bao gem clurcmg: Chuang 1: Gi6i thieu chung ve WiMAX Chuang 2: Cac kg dwelt duqc sir dung WiMAX Chuang 3: Kien true mang truy cop WiMAX Chuang 4: Chuang trinh m8 phi:mg WiMAX tang that tir yang den yang tier, theo c6 the duqc kin% tao bin viec dua dau hieu cong suit cao beri sink Viec quay Wing nut chit chu6i nham dam bao Gong bang ti'eu thy nang luqng giira cac net mang Tuy nhien cling can chit y rang viec thay &Si co din den nut chit rin xa tram ca sec, sink, nut lai can yeu cau ding suit cao ae truyen den tram ca so Viec tap trung dir lieu tnang dac theo chuOi Din tien chain leader se gut mgt tin hieu eci nut can cling ben phai cueri chugi ; Trong nhon dirge tin hieu nut cuoi se gin dir lieu no thu ltrqm duqc den nut lan can theo chieu xu8i chuei, sau not top trung dir g lieu va lai tiep tuc guff den nut lin can gin no nhat, cir nhu vOy cho den giri den nut chit Sau nut chit se lai tap trung dir lieu va gin den sink MOc dit don gian nhung m8 hinh tap trung clang chuei de gay tre truck de lieu tap trung duqc truyen den sink MOt phuang phap ae giam dO tree la tap trung du lieu song song duc theo churn, va se tang giam nhieu han neu cac nut dugc trang bi b0 thu phat sir dung CDMA Dung PEGASIS se giii quyet dugc yin de ve mac) dau gay beri viec hinh thinh cac cum dOng LEACH va giant dirge s6 lan truyen va nhonbang viec tap hqp au lieu Tuy nhien PEGASIS lai co tre throng truyen Ian , veri cac nut xa chtnii Han nita nut chinh c6 the xay hien tugng that c8 chai 2.6.3 ARPEES ARPEES (adaptive routing protocol with energy efficiency and event clustering for wireless sensor networks), Net dOc trung thiet ke giao thirc ARPEES la dap ling thich nghi giita tot uu hoa nang luqng,phan cum theo sir kien, va truyen tai da nut Mix tieu cua giao thirc la tim tuyen clueing truyen tai ten tin cho du lieu da duct tap hqp teri tram goc c6 tinh den quan he tradeoff gala luqng nang lugng lai(tOi tm h6a) cita nut chuyen giao va khoing each tir nut chuyen giao teri tram gific(tuyen clueing ngin nhat) Nang lugng va khoing each dirge dung lam tham so cho viec lea chip tuyen clueing truyen tai.Cfic thong so chi phi dm giao thirc nhu sau: myc tieu IA giam tieu thy Wang luqng - Nang luqng tieu thy va can bang a cac nut c6 phAn nang lug► du tit thAp ham bang cach phan tan nang luqng tieu thy cho viec tap hqp,thu thap &Tr lieu, truyen tai cho cac nut khac - Cach tiep can gong va phan tan: xay dyng thuot town phan cum phial) tan theo yeu cau,trong cac thong so duqc cam bien cita sir kien hay doi tucyrig duqc sir dyng de phan clan Met nut co the dua quyet dinh ma kh6ng can co sir dieu khi'En tap trung Veri phtrcmg thirc phan cym dOng theo sr kien, cac cym duqc tao thinh dva tren (ha diem va thin gian sr kien xay moi throng Do do, kich thuerc cua phAn hog dang mang se bien thien va so luqng cym kh8ng phy thuOc vio s8 luqng cac nut mang Them vio de, phuang thirc glop tiet kiem rang luqng beri chi met plan cua mang duqc kich hog phan ung lai met sir - Tuy'en clueing tOi uu: so luqng cac nut trung gian tren duerng truyen hoac chi phi lien ket duqc sir dyng lam thong so chi phi de chon tuyen duemg tEi uu kha nang co nghia giao thirc co ;chi nang dap - KM hang thich img tot cho cac img dyng lem yeti sv thay doi nhanh cua topo mpg chong lai lei lien ket viec them vio cac nut mei thay the cho cac nut thi khong nen anh huemg den mang dang hog dOng - Kiem soat overhead: giao thirc phai tOi thieu boa cac trao dEi dieu IchiEn can thiEt cho viec phan cym, Iva chon cym tracing va xir ly tren nut chuyen giao - TM uu h6a: thy& &rang Iva chon boi giao thirc co anh huemg tea hieu nang mang ve dO tre, hru luqng thrc va dO tier kiem nang luqng DE dat tEi uu hoa giao thirc can phai tinh toin tai nang luqng pin, 1)6 nher, bang thong 2.7 Giao that dip teen A tri Mvc tieu chinh cua giai e thuat dinh tuyen la dua vao cac thong tin v'e vi tri cita cac not cam hien de tim mOt throng di hieu qua den dich Loai dinh tuyen rat phu hqp yeti mane cam bien nai ma vied tap trung du lieu la k9 thuot him ich de giim thieu vied truyen bin tin den tram ca so bang, each loai b6 su du thira gicra cac gni den tir cac ,nguonkhic Loai dinh tuyen yeu eau sir tinh town va luqng dau truyen dart thap Ta se xem Jet mOt so giao that dinh tuyen dkr ► teen tri nhtr sau: 2.7.1 GAF(Global Assessment of Functioning) Giai thuat chinh xac theo dia 1$, (GAF) dua tren vi tri co hi'eu qui ve mat nang luqng dugc thiet ke chi yen cho cac mang Ad-Hoc di dOng, nhung ding c6 the tip dung cho mpg cam bien GAF khai that vied du thira du lieu mang bang cich coi mOt tap hqp cac nut man la tuung dating nhin tir giao thud lop tren GM chia vimg quan sat cac hinh vuong nho, bat 1c9 cac not nio hinh vuong ding deu c6 the giao tiep vo tuyen yeti bat 1(9 not nio n'am,trong hinh vuong ben canh.GAF du nil nang luting bang cich tit cac nut khong can thiet mang ma khong anh huifing den mirc di) chinh xac cua dinh tuyen N6 tao met huh ao cho vang bao phi* MIA nut &mg GPS cua no — vi tri xac dinh de ket hqp vai ding mot diem tren lir& ma duqc coi la toting dining e tinh den gia cita vied dinh tuyen gni Su ttnmg dating nhu vay dirge tan dung de gill cac nut (filth vi yang lath xac dinh trang thai nghi de net kigm nang luting Vi vay GAF co the tang ding ke thai gian song cua mang cam bien ma so twang cac nut tang len MOt vi du cu the duqc dua hinh (2.10) Trong hinh ye nay, not co the truyen den bat ki not nao so cac not 2, va va cac not 2, 3, co the truyen tat nut Do cac not 2, 3, va la tucmg dating va so nut co the trang thai nghi Cic nut chuyen trang thai tir nghi sang hoat dOng fan luqt de cho cac tai duqc can bang Co ba trang thai dugc dinh nghia GAF, li phit hien (discovery), de xac dinh cac nut e lan can hoat dOng (active), the hien su tham gia vio qui trinh Binh tuyen va nghi (sleep) song dugc tat di Su chuyen trang thai GAF dugc mieu to o hinh (2.11) Not nio nghi bao lau lien quan den cac thong so dirge dieu chinh qui trinh (Milt tuyen De dieu lchien di dOng, moi nut hien u6c down thei gian tai kited kith dia no va giri thong tin den not Ian can r r r C B A r r r r r r r Hinh 2.8: V' 414 he& ao GAF Cac not dang khong hoot ddng dieu chinh than gian nghi cua chting phit hgp cac thong tin nick duqc tir cac nut lan can de gift cho viec dinh tuyen duce chinh xac Tnrerc than gian ran khoi ltreri cua cac nut dang hoot deong qua hon, cac nut dang nghi thoit khoi tong thai va met so cac nut troy nen hoot dOng Nh4n bi'n tin phit hi4n tht clic nut cao hcrn Hinh 2.9: Sy chuydn trgng thai GAF GAF co gang gift mpg hoot dOng bang cach girt cho cac nut 0i dien luon a the dd hoot dOng mdi vimg a lueri ao dm no Cac ket qua mo phang da chi rang GAF thgc hien toi thieu se duqc nhu giao thirc djnh tuyen mon Ad-Hoc thong thuong not den Mn that goi va tang tiled gian song cita mpg bang cach het kiem nang luqng Mac dit GAF la mdt giao thirc duo tren vj tri, no cling co the duqc coi la nhu mdt giao attic phan cap ma cac clue diva tren vj tri dja Iy Doi yeti moi vimg hied xic djnh, mai nut doi dien hoot dOng a truyen di lieu den cac nut khk Tuy nhien nut chi' nhu met nut chii khOng thuc hien bat cu met nhiem vp hqp nhat hay tap trung dit lieu nao- nhu cac giao thirc phan cap thong thutmg 2.7.2 GEAR Vic sir dung th8ng tin ve dia 1/ ph6 bien cac y'e'u cau den cac yang thich hap vi cac you cau dit lieu thueng bao g8m cac thulec tinh dia 1/ Giao thirc GEAR (Geographic and Energy-Aware Routing) dimg su nhon biet ye nang luqng va cac phircmg phap thong bao thong tin ve dia I/ tai cac nut Ian can Viec dinh tuyen thong tin theo vimg dia 1/ rat c6 ich cac he thong xk dinh vi tri, va dac biet la mpg cam bien Y Wong hon the so luqng cac yeu cau a Directed Diffusion bang cach quan tam den met vimg xac dinhhon la giri cac ieu eau taxi toan rnang GEAR cai tien ham Directed Diffusion diem va vi the du tit duqc nhieu nang luqng ham Trong giao thirc GEAR, mOi met nut gift met estimated cost va met learned cost qua trinh den dich qua cac net lin Estimated cost la ski ket hip vita nang luqng du va khoang ckh den dich Learned cost t la su cai lien coa estimated cost giai thich cho viec dinh tuyen xung quanh cach8c mpg Hoc xay S met nut khong co bat Id met nut Mn can nao gan ham so vei vimg dich horn la chinh no Trong trutng hqp 'thong co met hoc nao thi estimated cost bang vei learned cost Learned cost duqc truyen nguqc loi hop mOi Mn met goi den dich lam cho viec thiet lap duerng cho gel tiep theo duqc dieu chinh Co pha giii thutit nay: ChuyEn tiep goi dern Wing dich: GEAR dimg ckh fir chc, net ran can dip trai su nhan biet ve nang luqng va vi tri dla 1/ de dinh tuyen gel den vimg dich Co tnrerng hqp can quan tarn: Khi ton tai nhieu horn met nut Ian can gan horn so vei dich: GEAR se chip hop tiep theo s6 tat ca cac nut Ian can gan dich hon - Khi ma tat ca cac nut deu xa ham: truemg hqp se co met 16 hieng GEAR chip hop tiep theo ma lam toi thieu gia chi phi ciia nut Ian can Trong truang hap nay, met se cac nut Ian can duqc chop de chuyen tiep ea dip tren learned cost Lip chan co the duqc cap nhat sau theo su hei ti cAa learned cost su6t qua trinh truyen goi Neu goi dugc , chuyen den vimg, no co the truyen der Chuyan tiep g6i lieu yang d6 co die bang each chuyen tiep dia 19 a quy hoac flooding co gigi han Flooding co gi6i han ap dung tot twang hqp cac sensor trien khai khong day d4c C3 nhtmg mang co mat de sensor cao, flooding dia 19 de quy lai hieu qua ye mat fling lugng hon la flooding co giei han Trong twang hqp de, ngued ta chia vimg thinh yang nho ye tao ,4 ban copy cim goi Vic chia nh6 va qua trinh chuyen tiep deep tpc cho den vimg chi I nut, vi du nhu hinh (2.10) De th6a man cac dieu kien chang ta dung giii thuot chuyen tiep dia 19 44 qui de truyen goi yang Tuy nhien, vgi nhang yang mat dO thap, chuyen tiep dia 19 a quy doi khong hoin thanh, dinh tuyen vo tic dung met vimg dich fling trugc sO hop g6i di qua wort qui gioi han Trong trueng hqp chung ta ding flooding co gigi han O 0 r ir, , , ; 'fir,bb • ,0 „?‘: O o 0 mi DO' lieu Mit cam iing Hinh 2.10: Chuyan tiep dia beide quy GEAR 2.8 Ket 1u4n chug:mg II Chucmg di tong ket va dua s kha nhieu cac giao thirc dinh tuyen Moi giao thirc deu co nhcmg uu va nhuqc diem rieng Hien nay, da co rat nhieu cac cai tien cua cac loai giao thirc dugc dua ra, va cho ket qua rat kha quan Viec lira chgn loai giao thirc nao hoan town phi thugc vao img dung ma chimg to trien khai Mac du su hoat Ong cua cac giii thuit djnh tuyen day hira hgn van de sir ding hieu qua nang lugng, cac nghien ciru sau can phai xfic djnh ro cac van de nhu chat lacing dich vu caa cac img dung dm cac cam bien hinh anh va cac img dung then gian thuc Chirong 3: Tim hieu cfich ho3t dOng ciia giao thtit dinh tuyen ARPEES Boat dOng cua ARPEES duce chia thinh cac yang, m& yang bao gem pha duce the hien hinh : pha lap cvm vi lva chgn cvm tnremg theo sau ben pha truyen tai der lieu d6 der lieu dugc truyen ten tram gOc qua cac net chuyen giao 3.1 Pha thInh gip cum vi thu4t toin Iva chyn cum truirng: Ban du, tat ca cac nut mango gang thai nahi de tiet lciem nang lugng Khi mot sv kien duqc phat hien mpg, cac nut gan vi tri xay sv kien duqc kich hoot vi se, tien hanh dac thuOc tinh dA duqc chi dinh cam hien Neu gia nhan to cam bien cao ban mirc ngutmg dinh tusk, cac net d6 se dfirc thi thuot town nh6m cvm vi chqn cvm truemg Cac nut Thing ba g6i tin REQCLUSTER tai cac nut hang x6m Ban tin bao gem ID dm not, mirc nAng luqng lai va thong tin mil to dor lieu cam bien duqc sv kien: REQCLUSTER (ID(i),ERes(i),I(01 (5) Sau cac nut se dat bt) dem thati gian toi U Trong khoang then gian tl,moi nut se nhan ban tin REQCLUSTER tir tat ca cac nut cum vi thvc thi ham chqn Cluster_Head nhu sau: (6) FcH(i) = ER.(i) x I(i) , vgi mqi i thuOc X MaxFCH(i) -> Cluster Head Trong X la tap cac nut duqc kich hoot bed su kien Khi khoang theri gian t k'e't thuc, nut co gia tnj F cH (i) len nhat se tv bau no lam cvm trueing Cum twang se luu tat ID cita tat ca cac nut tap cac nut duce kich hoot X, vi lap lich TDMA de sip xep cho timg nut lan Itrqt girl du lieu toi cvm twang Chtic nAng cim lich la tranh viec xung dOt truyen tai dir lieu va dong bQ h6a gift cac nut ben cvm Cac nut 1ai ty dat minh lam nut vien vi cher dqi de nhan lich TDMA fir cum tnremg Vgi Etch di ducat sip xep, cac nut co the tit cac phan thu nhan tin hieu ngoai trir khoang thin gian truyen tai dir lieu BEGIN The first stage Back to Sleep/listen mode Broadcast REQ_CLUSTER Sense data and wait for time slot i to transmit to CH Wait G to receive all REQ_CLUSTER (i) Vi e X) N N - Store cluster's members - Broaden? TDMA Send data to CH L TO THE SECOND STAGE Hinh 3.1: Luu aia trgng that th& nhal (a) (b) (c) (d) Hinh 3.2: Hinh cym chzu tren sv kin viz thigh town lva ch9n cym triton Trong hinh 3.2a, nut tir n1 den n9 xic dinh str kien va chuyen sang tr4ng thai boat &Ong sau quang bi cac ban tin REQCLUSTER de trao d6i thong tin CS hinh 2b chimg ta chi minh boa not n2 va n5 quang ba du lieu 2c: nut n5 trer thinh cum truemg va quana bi ban tin ve lich TDMA toi cac nut mang 2d: cac vien trona cvm Ian Itnyt giri dit lieu cam bien ye cum tnremg theo nhtmg khe thai gian sap xep lich Thuat town day dam bao nut yeti mire nang luqng lai lem nhit va gan' nhat veri sv kien xay duqc Iva chip lam cum tnremg Them ncra chimg ta chi sir dung mQt loaf ban tin de tao cvm va chip cum tnrang Do co the lam giam so luong cac ban tin dieu lchien gay overhead ding thin gian luqng de lieu truyen tai tir cac nut tea cum truerng (se duqc mo to a pha sau) beri cvm trtremg la nut a gan sv kien va da thu thAp duqc sin nhieu de lieu hem cac nut a xa sv kien 3.2 Pha thu th(ip dt lieu CS pha chimgta sir clung cac nut trung gian de chuyen tiep cac goi tin tir cum throng teri tram gee Cac nut trung gian Ian hrqt phai quyet dinh hang x6m nao se nhan poi tin chuyen tiep Pha truyen dit lieu bao gom ba hoat ding chinh: 3.2.1 Thu thilp dist' lieu ben cgm: Sir dung lich TDMA, moi nut cam bien chuyen cac thong tin cam bien tai u da cum truengtrong khe thei gian truyen d duqc dinh truk MOt each don at , tiet kiem fling luqng la tat bQ thu nhan khOng sir clung qua gian M trinh truyen tai Cvm truerng bat buOc phai lien tvc Ethan dit lieu tir cac nut cum MOt van de cot 16i a day la cac net cam bien duqc nhom lai cum bao quanh sv kien: viec truyen tai se rieu ton mire nAng Itrqng thip nhAt khoing each grita cvm tnremg va cac nut cam bien la nho MOt van de khac a day la dQ uu fien cua moi nut Itch TDMA Nhu da de cap truck do, mei cvm truong co thong tin ve mo ta de lieu bitn tin cila tat ca cac net khk thuOc cvm - I(i) Nha d6 no co the sap xep this tit va khoang thei gian cho timg nut truyen tai dit lieu Nut co nhieu mo ti dit e lieu se truyen tai trudrc nhieu khe thai gian hon cac nut khac Theo sv sap xep nay, tat ca cac nut se ducm, phan khe thai gian nhat dinh de cam bien mei trueng va truyen du lieu cam bien ve cvm twang 3.2.2 Thut hien thu thcip diet lieu Nang luqng dung xir 19 du lieu it ham rat nhieu so vei nang luong de truyen tai der lieu Do d6 viec thu thop de lieu bAng each xir 19 cuc be) la rat quan tong de toi thieu hem nang limns sir dung De tranh viec truyen tai der lieu du thira, cum twang thuc hien viec tong hqp dir lieu tir dit lieu thu thAp duce, va theo de giam luqng du lieu the can gin tai tram goc Da lieu ne, cimg veri cac thOng tin duqc yeu cau beri tram goc, duqc truyen tai tram gOc theo kieu multi-hop 3.2.3 Ltra chin nut chuyen tiep vi hinh thinh tuyen lining Trong giao thirc nay, cum truing sau co goi tin sin sang truyen di se lua chip nut chuyen tiep de giri tai tram goc von tuyen duel% multi-hop thay cho viec truyen true tiep goi tin nhu giao thirc LEACH Dau tien, cum twang se twang ba ban tin REQ,RELAY tai tat ca cac nut pham vi ket not cua no de tim kiem nut chuyen tier) MOi nut nhan ban tin REQ_RELAY se tinh toan =lc nang luqng lai cita no va khoang each tai tram goc, ghi ket qua vac, ban tin ACK_RELAY va girl lai cho cum twang gun twang dqi rihan het cac g6i tin ACK RELAY tir cac net img cir lam nut chuyen tie? va kiem tra xem no co the truye7n true tiep di: lieu tai tram goc hay khong Neu khong cum twang se thuc hien chirc ruing Relay_Node de chip nut chuyen tiep.Ntit chuyen hap mong muon can thea man so dac diem: Nut chuyen tier) co mire nang luqng lai lern nhAt Nut chuyen tiep tang gAn tram gee Gang tot Viec co nghia no co khoing each len nhat so vii cum twang va khoing each ngin nhat ton tram gee - Tuyen duOng multi-hop got On nhu la duang thing gifra cum twat va tram Sau nhan ban tin REQRELAY tir tat ca the ung cu vien, cum twang se c6 duqc thong tin can thiet ve cau tit mpg 1-hop (cau trim mang lien ke) Tiep theo cum twang se tinh Wan ham Relay_Node de Ira chqn nut chuyen flop tot nhat Ham duqc dinh nghia nhu sau: FRN (I) = ERes (j) X x cos a j,V j E Y viEY Max F RN (j) —4 Relay Node set as Trong do: ERes(i) : nang luqng lai cita nut ung cir j d(CH,j) va d(j,BS) : khoing ton tir cum twang tai j va khoing ckh tir • , j ten tram goc Y: tap cfic img cu vien de Iva chqn nut chuyen tiep pham vi tin hieu dm cum twang aj la gia trj g6c gieri han tfio beri nut j, cum twang va tram gOc cos aj c6 the tinh duqc thong qua bieu thirc: d(CH, j) + d(CH,BS) - d(j, BS) cos a = 2d(CH, j)d(CH, BS) chqn lam net chuyen bap ei nut , Nut dat gia trj FR/s (j) lern nhAt se duqc tiep theo, nut chuyen tap se hoat don? nhu clan twang va tim hem nut chuyen tiep tiep theo Qua trinh tim kiern tuyen duang chuyen tiep se lap lai cho tai den duqc tram Wk Cuoi ding, tuyen &rang truyen thi uu se duqc tfio beri ck nut chuyen tiep gifta cum twang va tram gOc CH receives-and aggregates data Broadcast REQ _ROUTE Wait to receive all ACK_ROUTE • Loop for finding next relay node Set as Relay Node Max FRN W Back to sleep/listen mode CH transmit data to base station Loop for transmitting data to base station N via selected path NEXT ROUND Hinh 3.3: Lieu c#o ctia giao fink ARPEES pha thin hai Ket Lu4n Khai niem mang cam Bien, dac biet la dinh tuyen mang cam bien khong day ttran4 d8i la gm doi yeri nhieu ngtrici lam viec linh vtrc vien thong Chuxen de em da trinh bay met each tong quan nhat ye mpg cam bien ya dinh tuyen mpg cam bien khong day Vbi tinh nang uu yiet ya irng dyng da clang ma khong phai mang nio ding c6, tuang lai khong xa mang cam bien khong day se duqc ?hat then rang rai ya nhanh chong Em by wing yen chuyen de nay, se Op Phan vie vi'ec nghien ciru ye link true twang doi man me Viet Nam Trong pham vi ,chuyen de nay, em da nghien cfru duqc nhimg net lchai quit nhat ye mang cam bien ya dinh tuyen mang Do kien auk han che, nen chuyen de cua em khong the tranh lchoi nhung thieu sot, em mong nhan duqc sir phe binh, citing Op cua cfic thay be mon ding nhu khoa de chuyen de cua em duqc !loan thien Tai lieu tham khao Wireless Sensor Networks, Ian F Akyildiz Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks Protocols, Performance and Control Editor FRANK L LEWIS, PH.D Holger Karl Andreas Willig, Protocols and Architectures for Wireless Sensor Networks, Wiley, 2005 Cac ky thuot phin nhom cac mpg cam bien - TS TS Nguyen Quy sy- Le Nh3t Mang, Protocols and Architectures for Wireless Sensor Networks - Holger Karl at University of Paderbom, GERMANY, Andreas Willig - Hasso-PlattnerInstitute at the University of Potsdam, GERMAN Protocols, and Aplication — KAZEM SOHRABY, DANIEL MINOLI, TAIEB ZNATI Energy Efficient Communication Protocolfor Wireless Microsensor Networks- Wendi Rabiner Heinzelman, Anantha Chandrakasan, and Han Balakrishnan, Massachusetts Instituteof Technology, Cambridge http://www.omnetpp.org./ http://dtvt.org 10 http://www.ebook.edu.vn 11 http://www.google.com.vn ... ban ve cong nghe WiMAX ding nhu cac chart WiMAX, cac Id thug img dung WiMAX, mo hinh phan 16p tong cong nghe WiMAX Tiep theo, de lain re quy trinh lam viec cita he thong mang WiMAX, luan van se... 1.6 UV DIEM VA NHUM DIEM COA CONG NGHE WiMAX 10 1.7 TiNH HiNH TRIEN KHAI WiMAX 13 1.7.1 rmh hinh trien khai WiMAX tren the glen 13 1.7.2 Tinh hinh trien khai WiMAX this nghiem tai Viet Nam 13 1.8... VE WiMAX 1.1 GIOI THI$U CHUONG 1.2 MAI NIEM 1.3 CAC CHUAN CUA WiMAX 1.3.1 Chuan IEEE 802.16 - 2001 1.3.2 Chan IEEE 802.16a 1.3.3 Chuin IEEE 802.16 - 2004 1.3.4 Chuan IEEE 802.16e 1.4 P116 WiMAX