Lecture chapter 20

A+ Guide to IT Technical Support, 9th Edition Chapter 20 Virtualization, Linux, and Mac OS X Objectives • • • Implement and configure virtual machines and hypervisors Use various Linux commands to support applications and users Identify important features of Mac OS X A+ Guide to IT Technical Support, 9th Edition â Cengage Learning 2017 Virtualization Basics Virtualization: when one physical machine hosts multiple activities that are normally done on multiple physical machines • Two types of virtualization – – Server-side virtualization Client-side virtualization A+ Guide to IT Technical Support, 9th Edition © Cengage Learning 2017 Server-Side Virtualization • • • Provides a virtual desktop for users on multiple client machines Most processing is done on the server Provides a virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI) Figure 20-1 Server-side virtualization provides a virtual desktop to each user A+ Guide to IT Technical Support, 9th Edition © Cengage Learning 2017 Server-Side Virtualization • Three categories of clients might be used: – – – Thick client or fat client – regular desktop computer or laptop Thin client – computer has a regular OS but comparatively little computer power Zero client – dumb terminal or ultra-thin client does not have an OS and just provides a user interface (keyboard, mouse, monitor) and network connection with enough software to load the virtualization program A+ Guide to IT Technical Support, 9th Edition © Cengage Learning 2017 Client-side Virtualization • Personal computer provides virtual environments for applications using three possible methods: – Presentation virtualization – remote application on a server is controlled by a local computer (a form of SaaS cloud computing) – Application virtualization – an application can be made available to users without having to install the application on the user’s computer – Client-side desktop virtualization – software installed on a PC manages virtual machines, each VM has its own OS installed A+ Guide to IT Technical Support, 9th Edition © Cengage Learning 2017 Client-side Virtualization Figure 20-2 Microsoft Remote Desktop Services presents applications to the user at the local computer A+ Guide to IT Technical Support, 9th Edition © Cengage Learning 2017 Virtual Machines and Hypervisors • Software used to create and manage virtual machines on a server or local computer is called a virtual machine manager (VMM) or hypervisor • Two types of hypervisors – Type – installs on a computer before an OS (called bare-metal hypervisor); partitions hardware computing power into multiple VMs – Type – installs in host OS as an application; not as powerful as Type because it is dependent on the host OS A+ Guide to IT Technical Support, 9th Edition © Cengage Learning 2017 Virtual Machines and Hypervisors Figure 20-3 Type and Type hypervisors A+ Guide to IT Technical Support, 9th Edition © Cengage Learning 2017 Hardware Requirements • Motherboard UEFI/BIOS – should support hardware-assisted virtualization (HAV): Intel-VT or AMD-V; must be enabled in the UEFI/BIOS • Hard drive space – enough for the minimum requirements of each VM; virtual disks can be dynamic or fixed • Processor and memory – Processor must support HAV; use a dual-core or better; enough memory for the host and each VM that will run simultaneously A+ Guide to IT Technical Support, 9th Edition © Cengage Learning 2017 10 Maintain and Support a Mac Figure 20-50 Click Options to choose which content to include in a Time Machine backup A+ Guide to IT Technical Support, 9th Edition © Cengage Learning 2017 53 Maintain and Support a Mac • Clone the Startup Disk – – Startup disk is the entire volume on which OS X is installed Clone is a disk image and is stored in a DMG file A+ Guide to IT Technical Support, 9th Edition © Cengage Learning 2017 54 Maintain and Support a Mac Figure 20-53 When creating a clone, choose an encryption type to increase the security of the disk image A+ Guide to IT Technical Support, 9th Edition © Cengage Learning 2017 55 Maintain and Support a Mac • Drive Maintenance Tools – tasks to perform: – – – – – – – Empty the trash Free up space Install updates Verify no startup items Remove login items Restart the computer Uninstall unneeded apps A+ Guide to IT Technical Support, 9th Edition © Cengage Learning 2017 56 Maintain and Support a Mac • Repairs Using the Disk Utility App – Can be used to repair disk permissions and to repair hard drive corruptions Figure 20-58 Manage partitions from the Disk Utility app A+ Guide to IT Technical Support, 9th Edition © Cengage Learning 2017 57 Troubleshoot OS X Startup • • Try booting the computer in Safe Mode and use Repair Disk utility To boot the computer in Safe Mode: – • Immediately after you hear the startup sound, press and hold the Shift key To verify the computer booted into Safe Mode: – – Open System Information In the Software group, look for Boot Mode, which should say Safe A+ Guide to IT Technical Support, 9th Edition © Cengage Learning 2017 58 Troubleshoot OS X Startup • Use the Repair Disk utility – – Boot into the Recovery System, open Disk Utility On the First Aid tab, click Repair Disk Figure 20-61 Repair Disk repairs a corrupted OS X installation A+ Guide to IT Technical Support, 9th Edition © Cengage Learning 2017 59 Troubleshoot OS X Startup • Recovery from a Time Machine Backup – – – – If hard drive has failed, replace hard drive and connect your Time Machine backup device Boot into Recovery System Select Restore From a Time Machine Backup on the OS X Utilities window Point to the device and follow directions on screen A+ Guide to IT Technical Support, 9th Edition © Cengage Learning 2017 60 Troubleshoot OS X Startup • OS X Recovery with a Clone or the Internet – – Any drive holding a clone DMG file can be used as a startup disk Connect the drive to the computer, press and hold the option key during boot, select the drive that holds the DMG file to run the boot from that drive • It is possible to store the clone DMG file on a server on the network – Using a technology called NetBoot A+ Guide to IT Technical Support, 9th Edition © Cengage Learning 2017 61 Troubleshoot OS X Startup • Boot Camp – – – A utility in OS X that allows you to install and run Windows on a Mac computer Can split the partition and install Windows in the new partition for a dual boot Access the Boot Camp Assistant through the Utilities folder A+ Guide to IT Technical Support, 9th Edition © Cengage Learning 2017 62 Troubleshoot OS X Startup Figure 20-62 Manage Windows installations from Boot Camp Assistant A+ Guide to IT Technical Support, 9th Edition © Cengage Learning 2017 63 Summary • Server-side virtualization happens on the server, and client-side virtualization happens on the client machine • Three ways to implement client-side virtualization: presentation, application, and client-side desktop virtualization • Virtualization is done by creating multiple virtual machines on a physical machine using a hypervisor • A Type hypervisor installs before any OS is installed and is called a bare-metal hypervisor A+ Guide to IT Technical Support, 9th Edition â Cengage Learning 2017 64 Summary A Type hypervisor is an application that installs in an OS Distributions of Linus provide a shell prompt in the Linux terminal and might also include a GUI • • The root account in Linux has access to all features Important Linux commands: ls, grep, cd, shutdown, pwd, passwd, mv, cp, rm, mkdir, chmod, iwoconfig, ifconfig, ps, q, su, sudo, apt-get, vi, and dd • Linux can access NTFS volumes created by Windows, but Windows cannot access ext4 volumes A+ Guide to IT Technical Support, 9th Edition © Cengage Learning 2017 65 Summary • • • • • • OS X is the latest version of the OS available only for Macintosh computers by Apple Inc The dock appears at the bottom of the desktop Spotlight is Mac’s search app OS X updates often address zero-day vulnerabilities Time Machine is a built-in backup utility that automatically backs up user-created data Disk Utility can be used to repair disk permissions and to repair hard drive corruptions A+ Guide to IT Technical Support, 9th Edition © Cengage Learning 2017 66 Summary • • A kernel panic is similar to a BSOD in Windows Boot Camp is an OS X utility that allows you to install Windows on a Mac computer in a dual boot with OS X A+ Guide to IT Technical Support, 9th Edition © Cengage Learning 2017 67 ... Cengage Learning 201 7 20 Linux Commands Table 20- 3 Some common Linux commands (continues) A+ Guide to IT Technical Support, 9th Edition © Cengage Learning 201 7 21 Linux Commands Table 20- 3 Some common... Cengage Learning 201 7 10 Hardware Requirements Figure 20- 4 UEFI/BIOS setup screen to enable hardware virtualization A+ Guide to IT Technical Support, 9th Edition © Cengage Learning 201 7 11 Hardware... Learning 201 7 13 Hardware Requirements Figure 20- 6 Emulated (virtual) hard drives are installed in a VM under VirtualBox A+ Guide to IT Technical Support, 9th Edition © Cengage Learning 201 7 14