Học thuyết nhu cầu của maslow và học thuyết alderfer về sự tồn tại, tương quan và phát triển e

Maslow Needs theory and Alderfer theory about the existence, relatedness and growth Chapter BASIC CONCEPTS Motivation and achievement Motivation is resources to create orient and maintain behaviors Ability is capacity of individuals to perform work they are currently making effort to complete Opportunities are conditions in which motivation and ability are deployed Intrinsic motivation and external motivation Intrinsic motivation: the force leads to behavior, relates to the achievements of the action itself, for example, or a part of satisfaction or fun External motivation: the force leads to behavior, derives from people and the job has been performed, it was completed as a means to achieve something else Theory Maslow a Concept According to Maslow, human needs are divided into two categories: basic needs and higher needs Basic needs related to physical factors such as the human desire to have enough food, drinking water, sleeping …These needs are basic needs and can not be in short because if people not meet these needs, they will not survive, they will struggle to get up and survive in life days The higher need than basic needs are called higher needs These needs include various factors such as the spirit of justice requirement, safety, fun, social status, respect, honor toward an individual The basic needs are often given priority for attention in comparison with this higher needs With any person, if they lack of malnutrition, or drinking they will not care about the needs of beauty, respect b Maslow's needs pyramid Individuals have congenital needs or desires that they would try for satisfaction:  The physiological needs;  The need for safety;  The needs of society;  The need to be respected;  The need to assert themselves c.The characteristics of needs pyramid Once a demand has been satisfied, it is no longer a motivation One need can not be motivation before the needs standing before in the hierarchy diagrams are satisfied If there is no satisfaction, the need at lower hierarchy will again become motivation Innate desire of human is climbing up the hierarchy diagrams Need to assert itself is not the same with other needs Theory Alderfer about the existence a Concept ERG Theory recognizes three levels of human needs  Needs of existence: Wish of physical and spiritual health, fully meet the basic needs for survival such as physiological needs, food, clothing, housing, transportation, education and safety needs  Needs of communication: Wish of satisfaction in relationships with people Everyone has the desire to establish and maintain personal relationships differently Approximately, a person invests his half of time on communicating with the relationship that they are aimed  Needs of development: The desire to grow and develop in both life and work The jobs, and higher professional careers will be guaranteed to meet considerably the satisfaction development needs ERG theory states that: at the same time there maybe much need which have influence on motivation-When a higher demand can not be satisfied, a lower demand is ready to recover b Basis and the contribution of ERG Theory This model is constructed on the basis of Maslow’s needs pyramid and is a good complementation for this model tower In fact many studies support this theory than Maslow theory Alderfer's ERG theory also indicates that there are frequently more than one need that may affect and impact the same people, at the same time If the higher-level needs are not met, the desire to satisfy the need at a below level (of the model) will increase Clayton Alderfer identifies this phenomenon in a well-known jargon as the "overwhelming level of frustration and shy Aggression dimension." The relevance between this and work is that even the higher-level needs are not satisfied, the job is ensuring that the physiological needs at low-level, and individuals will focus on these needs At this time, if something happens to threaten the current work, the basic needs of individuals will be seriously threatened If no factor is to relieve anxiety, an individual can fall into despair and panic ERG theory also explains why the employees always seek higher wages and better working conditions even when these conditions are good and meet the standards of the labor market When the employees are not satisfied with communication needs and current demand growth, they will find the ways for satisfaction Chapter ANALYSIS OF THE NATURE AND RELATIONS BETWEEN MASLOW THEORY AND ALDERFER THEORY About concept The model of Alderfer theory is built on the basis of Maslow's needs pyramid Basically, the Maslow theory aims for human and human relations and Alderfer theory also favored the theory of society and human relationships in society Alderfer's ERG theory also indicates that there are more than one demand that may affect and impact at the same time If the needs at higher level are not met, the desire to satisfy the need at lower level will increase Alderfer identifies this phenomenon as "an overwhelming level of frustration and shy Aggression dimension " The relevance between this with work is that even when the high-level needs are not satisfied, the job is ensuring that the physiological needs at lower levels, and individuals will focus on these needs At this time, if something happens to threaten the job, the basic needs of individuals will be seriously threatened If there is no factor relieving anxiety, an individual can become desperate and panic About orientation and goal The scale and level of influence of the two theories can be generalized as follows: Advantages and disadvantages of the theory Because the Maslow theory is developed according to grades or tower diagram, prerequisite is that there must be a new primitive then moving to a modern advance This theory is partly based on the theory of life and human existence: for example people today must come from apes Why are the apes still the apes and humans are still humans for billions of years? The Alderfer theory occurs on basis of this The Alderfer theory is based on the actual needs of human for living and existence in society The human beings are struggled for living and development in society For example, for living if people not have rice to eat, they will find bread to eat, if there is no bread, they will find something else like roots, fruits Based on this perspective, the self-balancing in the theory is shown more clearly This is the core and the backbone of the two theories, which lead to the orientation of creating both advantages and disadvantages of this theory Applicability For Maslow theory: - Being a basic theory used for studies; - Being a necessary and sufficient condition for sustainable development; - Not creating a breakthrough, and conflicting struggle; - Being able to create a death according to the rules For Alderfer theory: - Reflecting true social reality; - Creating competition for survival and development; - Causing conflict and strife - Applying for development Chapter APPLICATION OF THE THEORY ON GROTECH Ltd I Orientations and solution to create motivation in the labor Identify specific tasks for each employee In companies, each person has his own professional, he should be assigned a position consistent with his expertise Therefore, the necessary and sufficient condition of the manager is to clarify responsibilities and specific duties of each person before they start work Creating favorable conditions for workers to complete tasks Recruiting employees arranged in accordance with job requirements Creating working conditions and working regimes of reasonable rest for employees Employees need to be arranged for supporting the other employees while they work for productiveness Stimulation for labor a Stimulating material During labor time, board of management will be based on the productivity of each person then gives the bonus in gifts or in cash The goal of this action is to create exciting atmosphere for employees to work more efficiently Besides, the BoM will be based on the productivity of workers, then add additional allowances on their wages if their productivity exceeds the specified output b Spiritual stimulation The company must have a plan to create stable jobs for workers, avoiding turns off; Constructing good psychosocial atmosphere in the labor community Training workers to direct sources of qualified labor for the company's future II The significance of creating incentives for employees in businesses in general and GrotecH.,JSC in particular Meaning of creating incentives for employees To live and exist, people are based on needs such as when they are in hunger and there is a need to eat, when they need to sleep, they sleep For satisfying food, clothes, sleep, scientifically and effectively, every people must make for themselves the specific daily schedule The schedule is fulfilled from morning to night, can be repeated tomorrow or can be changed tomorrow But the job will basically repeats depending on their positions in the company To create better conditions for workers to work and create high-yield, managers must always create an atmosphere of enthusiasm, good working spirit, which make the employees be willing to devote to the Company The necessity of creating incentives in the Company The need of the company is very clear: - Need employees working efficiently; - Need creative employees; - Need enthusiastic employees' contribution; - Need the seal, create trust to help employees regard the company as his own, they will work for themselves Therefore, creating incentives increases the employees’ responsibilities III Analyze and evaluate the situation of creating motivation for employees in the company The process of formation and development, the main characteristics affecting the issue of motivating employees of the Company a) The process of formation and development GrotecH is a young company, newly established Therefore, the development direction and strategy development are not clear to employees in the company Labor force is now in first grade labor, this team should seriously create a model for the labor class after to study and follow Thus, the need to establish discipline and motivate workers from the beginning should be established to ease their minds and contribute for work Core values are established and based on new technologies Technology is understood as new technologies for all business areas in which companies are involved Currently the company is focused on two array technologies as follows: - New construction technology; - IT Technology; Application of IT technologies in the fields of production, business aims to optimize human and material resources for the company's products With the above strategy orientation, the company has been obtaining a certain number of achievements in management and production of company b) Organizational structure features of the company management The organizational structures of companies in the opposite diagram, meaning that the company always considers customer as a subject for company growth Therefore, directors, managers take roles of extra help and guidance for employees to be eligible to work and complete assigned tasks c) Business Features The company's main products: - The construction design and consulting; - Project management and construction investment; - Gunbarrel assembly construction; - Logistic Services; - Transport and installation; - Software design, web design, wap, - Network Services and arising; - Taxi coordination Consulting Services; - Taxi With the above products, the labor of different departments are not complementary to each other, so the company has planned and recruited expertise to the right position d) Characteristics of labor  Characteristics of labor by age, sex The company has kept some older workers on the advisory and managers in some certain parts Some work with specific characteristics by gender like counselor operator, PR team: companies select employees strictly in accordance with this work  Characteristics of labor by qualification, profession: Investment consultancy, design consultancy, company always orients the needs to have staffs with professionals and university graduates or above e) The advantages and difficulties affecting the issue of motivating employee in the company Work in the company is assigned according to right professional, does not use the employees for wrong purposes However, in times of economic downturn there are a number of key employees temporarily assigned to another tasks in order to retain employees and expand production Therefore, this can cause depression, difficulties for employees when they have to work without proper expertise For this issue, the board of directors had a meeting to clarify responsibilities and tasks as well as breakthrough idea for staff to understand and follow Analyze and assess the situation of motivating employees in company a) Identifying the specific tasks and job performance standards for each employee Identify the operation target of the company and help employees understand that goal While operating production, the board of management should identify specific tasks and job performance standards for employees b) Recruiting and arranging a reasonable employees Recruit capable labor to be responsible for tasks that the company requires In order to avoid arranging the staffs at wrong professional c) Training and development policy Every year the company has chosen a suitable number of staffs required to send them for training and retraining to improve their ability for better fits with the job requirements d) The issue of incentive paid for employees Regulations of allocating salary funds in the company are clearly defined and widely publicized to help employees know and understand their entitlement to contribute to the company There is also a bonus fund to encourage labor, Fund Raisers, The current payment of wages to employees of the company is separated for each individual, no one can know the income of others e) Bonus Implementation Based on work capacity and ability, the workers will be offered the bonus by the company union on time f) Overall assessment of the issue of company motivating employees in the The workforce of the company is not in a large number, reached a few dozen of people, so the reward and employee encouragement are not to be focused and put on top Therefore, there are still many drawbacks to stimulate and motivate employees On the other hand, for small and medium companies, the creation of incentives for workers is still inadequate and not clear in terms of efficiency, for reasons as follows: - Not enough wind to create work wave effects; - Not so pervasive, the resonant - If it is pervasive, no stimulation effect can be created; - … Thus, how can create the effect of creating incentives for workers in small and medium sized companies? Can these problems be overcome it? And which measures will create incentives for employees? IV The solutions to complete the issue of motivating the employees The general development orientation of the company in coming years Orientation for the next five years of the company: - Labor force 60-70 people; - Investment and Development in three main areas are: Construction, transportation and IT technology applications; - Have qualified HR department to recruit, organize and research to create incentives for workers to help them be engaged in production more effective Directions of creating motivation for employees a) Working conditions The management should have a plan and assign work schedules to employees clearly and distinctly, to help them prepare psychology as well as arrange a time for effective work b) Reward and labor discipline Rewards, encouragement plan are done regularly and on time, which will create good motivation In contrast, labor discipline should be strictly established, award and penalty will create habits for employees c) Training and development From plan the strategic direction of the company business, the board will select the suitable workers to improve their capacity by training, to implement the plan in the future d) The material life, cultural and spiritual care Culture, arts, sport movements are maintained Organizing events in the company and compete with other companies Sick visits are remained attentively, caring for all employees in the company Caring for workers’ children are also remained stably Solution for completing the issue of creating motivation for employees of the Company a Solutions from work Job stability is the most important solution of the company to employees The policy of increasing shift and reducing overtime hours considerably motivate the employees Allowance and per diem, are made clearly, fairly, which is also an encouraging factor to increase motivation for employees Auxiliary labor equipment, labor protection are distributed regularly which also stimulates motivation for employees b Performance Evaluation The management always is with closely and evaluates the working efficiency of employees, from which to analyze, evaluate and solve on time the unreasonable problem At the same time promote the effective work to motivate employees Seriously implement the creation of motivation for employees according to plan Frequently observe to promote the effectiveness or ineffectiveness fromtheir employees, to learn from experience and create new incentives for employees c Payroll calculation completion The company always has the basic salary reserve fund within months In addition, there is a certain amount of money to reserve for the payment of salaries and wages incurred Therefore, the salary and wages paid to employees are always on time, not slow This is very important in stimulating motivating employees in the company References Materials from GrotecH Ltd Com http://www.grotech.com.vn ; Source: http://www.acworg.com/principals.html; Source: http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thuy%E1%BA%BFt_ERG; Emotional Intelligence of Daniel Goleman  ... the hierarchy diagrams Need to assert itself is not the same with other needs Theory Alderfer about the existence a Concept ERG Theory recognizes three levels of human needs  Needs of existence:... motivation for employees according to plan Frequently observe to promote the effectiveness or ineffectiveness fromtheir employees, to learn from experience and create new incentives for employees c Payroll... based on needs such as when they are in hunger and there is a need to eat, when they need to sleep, they sleep For satisfying food, clothes, sleep, scientifically and effectively, every people