BÀI GIẢNG LÝ THUYẾT DỊCH TUẦN 1

Week - Session 1: Overview of Translation - Session 2: The Process of Translation MA LUONG BA HUNG-0977221636 Session 1: Overview of Translation 1.1 What is translation 1.2 Why is translation 1.3 History of translation 1.4 The dynamics of translation (Peter New mark) 1.5 Translation theory 1.6 Pre-translation considerations MA LUONG BA HUNG-0977221636 1.1 What is translation • Translation is rendering the meaning of the text into another language in the way that the author intended the text (Peter Newmark) • Translation is the replacement of textual material in one language (source language) by equivalent textual material in another language (target language) ( JC Catford) • Translation is the process of changing sth that is written or spoken into another language (Oxford advanced learner’s dictionary) MA LUONG BA HUNG-0977221636 1.2 Why is translation MA LUONG BA HUNG-0977221636 The Importance of Translation In this era of globalization where mostly everyone wants to explore something new each moment, it becomes impossible to actually avoid how important translation is We all realize that translation is not just a way of converting words into other words but it’s a complicated and a very crucial way of explaining things in a way that its actual meaning is delivered without harming its origin Translation also carries one culture to the other altogether in all around the world MA LUONG BA HUNG-0977221636 Communication is the key of any successful relation, business or in fact anything, you are nothing if you cannot communicate well and so here the role of a translator becomes more crucial and very important Just imagine if you are hungry and you want eat something but your menu card is in Turkish language, what will you do? Move out hungry? Or you will take help of Translator who will translate English to Turkish language and hence you can order something to eat for you Translation to Turkish or translation in English here is more than a way of expressing what you needed and hence it signifies the importance of translation MA LUONG BA HUNG-0977221636 Important for MNC’s: All the multinational companies would have been in a huge loss if they would have ignored the vitality of translation and the power of lingual differences MNC’s are the biggest example of how trade is done in other countries with the help of Translations China wouldn’t have been a leading economy if they wouldn’t have adopted translators in different languages For a Nation: It is most significant for every nation to maintain a proper interchange of information, technology and everything else, which is impossible without a Translation service Suppose if there was no way of understanding each other’s languages then how things would have been turned out to be! But thankfully, with the help of translators today we know how to say hello in so many languages, and how to say good bye as well MA LUONG BA HUNG-0977221636 For cultural aspects: Suppose if you want to travel across the world to understand different cultural values, how you will interact with their people when you don’t even understand what they say It is impossible to exchange cultures without understanding each other’s views and significance of their culture We will be in complete loss, if we not understand the importance of translation today So friends, as you can notice, these are the certain things that truly demonstrate how a translation service should be adopted after all MA LUONG BA HUNG-0977221636 1.3 History of translation • The first trace of translation dates from 3000 B.C, during the Egyptian Old Kingdom, the area of the First Cataract, Elephantine, where inscriptions in two languages have been found • It became a significant factor in the West in 300 BC Luther's Bible translation in 1522 laid the foundations of modern German MA LUONG BA HUNG-0977221636 1.3 History of translation • In the 19th century translation was mainly a one-way means of communication between prominent men of letters and, to a lesser degree, philosophers and scientists and their educated readers abroad • The 20th century has been called the “age of translation” to which one may add “and interpreting” International agreements between states, between state, public and private organizations are now translated for all interested parties, whether or not the signatories understand each other's language The setting up of a new international body, the constitution of an independent state, the formation of a multinational company, gives translation enhanced importance MA LUONG BA HUNG-0977221636 Stylistic scales Formality ◦ Officialese ◦ Official ◦ Formal ◦ Neutral ◦ Informal ◦ Colloquial ◦ Slang ◦ Taboo MA LUONG BA HUNG-0977221636 Stylistic scales Generality or difficulty ◦ Simple ◦ Popular ◦ Neutral ◦ Educated ◦ Technical ◦ Opaquely technical MA LUONG BA HUNG-0977221636 Stylistic scales Emotional tone ◦ Intense (hot) ◦ Warm ◦ Factual (cool) ◦ Understatement (cold) => Attitude of the author ◦ Negative ◦ Neutral ◦ Positive MA LUONG BA HUNG-0977221636 Setting of the text ◦Where would the target text be published? ◦Addition/ omission of titles/ subtitles/ subheadings, etc.? ◦Is the TL readership identical with the SL readership? MA LUONG BA HUNG-0977221636 Quality of the ST ◦Well or poorly written? ◦What modification is needed? MA LUONG BA HUNG-0977221636 Quality of the ST ◦Neologisms ◦Metaphors ◦Cultural words ◦Proper names ◦Technical terms ◦“Untranslatable words” MA LUONG BA HUNG-0977221636 II Translating process 2.1 The approach You start translating sentence by sentence, for say the paragraph or chapter, to get the feel and the feeling tone of the text, and then you deliberately sit back, review the position, and read the rest of the SL text; You read the whole text two or three times, and find the intention, register, tone, mark the difficult words and passages and start translating only when you have taken your bearings MA LUONG BA HUNG-0977221636 Discussion Which approach you prefer when you translate? Which approach you actually follow? MA LUONG BA HUNG-0977221636 Which approach depends on… Which of the two methods you choose may depend on your temperament, or on whether you trust your intuition (for the first method) or your powers of analysis (for the second) You may think: the first method more suitable for a literary and the second for a technical or an institutional text The danger of the first method is that it may leave you with too much revision to on the early part, and is therefore time wasting The second method (usually preferable) can be mechanical MA LUONG BA HUNG-0977221636 II Translating process Translating process begins with choosing a method of approach Secondly, when we are translating, we translate with four levels in mind: ) a) Textual level: literal translation b) Referential level: visualize the text c) Cohesive level: structure, smooth and emotional tone of the text d) Natural level: the translation makes sense and it reads naturally MA LUONG BA HUNG-0977221636 Click to edit Master title style (a) Students are arranged by class number and not move from classroom to classroom between classes They also stay together as a small group for their entire elementary, juniorhigh, or high-school levels in one location “do not” = ‘không thể’ OR ‘không phải’ MA LUONG BA HUNG-0977221636 Click to edit Master title style The draft proposal suggests that Vietnam would be able to build a university that is internationally competitive within 10 years This is exactly the sort of over-optimistic and unachievable time target that was announced when the National Universities in Ha Noi and Ho Chi Minh City were first set up by merging various local universities This historical lesson must be learnt and what is important now is to articulate a time frame that is consistent with the fact that no Vietnamese university is seriously ranked within ASEAN, let alone East Asia MA LUONG BA HUNG-0977221636 Click to edit Master title style Satisfying the local demand for electricity from wind is not the end of the story Cheap electricity produced from wind can be used to electrolyse water, producing hydrogen, now widely viewed as the fuel of the future With automobiles powered by fuel cell engines expected on the market within a few years and with hydrogen as the fuel of choice for these new engines, a huge new market is opening up   MA LUONG BA HUNG-0977221636 Click to edit Master title style The cause of autism has also been a matter of dispute Though Asperger regarded it as a biological defect of affective contact— innate, inborn, analogous to a physical or intellectual defect—Kanner tended to view it as a psychogenic disorder, a reflection of bad parenting, and most especially of a chillingly remote, often professional, "refrigerator mother."  Researchers have had a hard time agreeing on the causes of autism On the one hand, Asperger saw the condition as representing a constitutional defect in the child's ability to make meaningful emotional contact with the external world On the other hand, Kanner regarded autism as a consequence of harmful childrearing practices For many years confusion about this condition reigned MA LUONG BA HUNG-0977221636 Click to edit Master title style The study suggests that people who smoke cigarettes are continually damaging their cardiovascular system, which adapts in order to compensate for the effects of smoking It further states that people who not smoke not have the benefit of their system adapting to the smoke inhalation Consequently, the effects of passive smoking are far greater on non-smokers than on smokers MA LUONG BA HUNG-0977221636 ...Session 1: Overview of Translation 1. 1 What is translation 1. 2 Why is translation 1. 3 History of translation 1. 4 The dynamics of translation (Peter New mark) 1. 5 Translation theory 1. 6 Pre-translation... HUNG-09772 216 36 Session 2: THE PROCESS OF TRANSLATION MA LUONG BA HUNG-09772 216 36 Contents Larson’s model (19 84) Bell’s model (19 91) Newmark’s model (19 95) MA LUONG BA HUNG-09772 216 36 Larson’s... enhanced importance MA LUONG BA HUNG-09772 216 36 1. 4 The dynamics of translation (Peter Newmark) MA LUONG BA HUNG-09772 216 36 MA LUONG BA HUNG-09772 216 36 A text is pulled in ten different directions,