Industrial Attachment Of Merchandizing

11 | P a g e INDUSTRIAL TRAINING Course Code: Tex -4036 INDUSTRIAL ATTACHMENT OF Merchandizing. 12 | P a g e GARMENTS MERCHANDISING Definition Merchandizing: 1. “Garments merchandizing is the combination of some works like buyer development, work Order collection, prizing sample development approval of sample, fabrics & accessories Collection production follow up, documentation, delivery in time etc”. 2. “To know garments for selling is called garments merchandizing”. Flow sequence of merchandising section: Talk to Buyer (Buyer Developing) ↓ Receive order, information of Buyer ↓ Consumption of material ↓ Costing of material including cm. ↓ Negotiation with buyer. ↓ Order received (P.O. received) P.O. = Purchase Order ↓ Back to back L/C opening for purchasing Fabrics & Accessories. ↓ Sample approving ↓ 13 | P a g e Approval for mass bulk production. ↓ Related work to production planning. ↓ Start bulk production. ↓ Line inspection ↓ Final inspection by buyer or buyer representative ↓ Shipment to buyer ↓ Sending document to buyer for payment ↓ Payment receives from bank. Work done by Merchandiser:  Sourcing  Pricing (CM,C&F,CIF,FOB)  Order follow up and execution  Arranging final inspection  Ensuring on time shipment.  Accessories: 1) Sewing thread and sew able item a. Thread b. Button c. Main label d. Size label e. Care label f. Velcro (Hook and loop fastener) 14 | P a g e g. lace 2) Finishing item: a. Price ticket b. Hang tag c. Poly bag d. Back board e. Neck board f. Collar inside g. Butter fly (Single, Double) h. Tag pin i. Tissue paper j. Draw string and stopper Order follow-up and execution: They do it during running the production. As a result if any fault occurring it rectified in the primary stage. Arranging final inspection: After completion the garment making merchandiser arrange final inspection date with quality department. Inspection is also depending on the wishes of buyer. Ensuring on time shipment: Once the inspection is done and the goods found ok for shipment, then the goods handed over to the clearing and forwarding agent for on time shipment. Types of order:  FOB (Free on Board) Order.  FOA (Free on Air) Order.  C & F (Cost & Freight) Order.  CIF (Cost Insurance Freight) Order.  CIFC (Cost, Freight, Insurance and Commission) Order.  CMT (Cost of Making and Trimmings) Order.  CM (Cost of Making) Order.  TT (Telephone Transfer) Order.  Subcontract Order.  Exchange Order.  CMC (Cutting, Making and Cartoon) Order. 15 | P a g e Cost Analysis: Costing: Costing of garment is a very necessary and important task. In this factory costing is carried out by the merchandising department. Firstly, merchandiser contacts with the buyer and collects order. Then he is provided a sample from sample section according to the buyer‟s specification. The sample also supplies the fabric consumption. Cost of the fabric is determined according to this consumption. Then he makes costing the other materials, accessories, trimmings etc. He adds then all the production cost, Transport cost, Commission (buying house, C&F agent) and profit. Costing of Garments: Fabric Cost + Accessories Cost + Production Cost + Transport Cost + Commission + Profit 16 | P a g e PLANNING & IE (Industrial Engineering) Industrial Engineering: The main function of this department is to re-engineering the garment from the sampling stage so that it would be production friendly for the production as well helps to the increase productivity through machine layout, time and motion study. In the sewn products industries we must continually ensure that we remain competitive and profitable whilst also improve our personal and community‟s of living. Industrial Engineering Department: - To follow up the production process - Work process development - SMV calculation & Line target - Efficiency control - Time study - Capacity study - Workers training - M/c sequence lay out - Thread consumption - Operator Interview Duties and Activities of a Work Study Officer:  Style details collect  SMV make  Layout make  Machine arrange  Attend P.P meeting  First week production plan 17 | P a g e  Line feeding  Work aid arrange  Method study (innovation) & take video & record  Time study  Line capacity find out  Bottle neck operation find out  Individually follow up bottle neck operation and try To increase production  Capacity & efficiency wise target setting & try to achieving  Line balancing  Motivation the worker  Maximum time stay in production line & try to solve any kinds of production related problem  Monitoring the production achievement hourly & daily  Loss time record  Overall, try to increases the productivity. All work study- techniques are classified into two main groups the specimen bellows by typical: Layout Time standards Work flow Hourly targets Machinery Production checks Standardize method Line balancing Quality specification Training curves Capital investment appraisal Maintain payment systems Attachment Sewing method specification WORK MEASUREMENT METHOD STUDY 18 | P a g e Method Study: May be defined as: The systematic recording and critical examination of existing and alternative methods of work, to facilitate the introduction of more efficient and cost effective methods. The basic procedure: Select: identifies the areas where results can be achieved these are usually where there are: Bottlenecks increased cost persistent overtime working, Excess fatigue safety hazards high labor turnover high absenteeism Record: Record though observation all of the exact details of an operation with regard to: Machinery used attachments used operator method quality specification Handling system work place layout sequence position online Examine: critically examine all of the recorded method details. Question each detail: Can it be eliminated? Can it be combined? Can the sequence be changed? Can it be simplified? Easy motions characteristics The methods analyst should strive to incorporate the following into methods: Minimum: Using finger, wrist, and elbow movements rather than making shoulder and body movements. Simultaneous: Using both hands at same time whenever possible. Symmetrical: Left and right arms moving at the same time in opposite directions. Natural: Free sewing movements are faster and easier then controlled movements. 19 | P a g e Continues: Continuous curve movements are better than straight line movements involving sudden or Sharpe changes in directions. Rhythmic: Smooth automatic movements must be encouraged. Habitual: ` Movements that have become automatic as they do not require additional concentration. Workplace layout: The layout of a workplace impacts directly on the pattern of movements and consequently time taking to perfume and operation When analyzing a method the following steps should be considered: Step 1: Sketch the existing workplace layout. Sketch the shape of the work table noting any modification to the standard, e.g. extensions or cut downs Sketch the position and clearly identify any work aids or attachments e.g. guides, reel feed etc. Sketch in the position of products parts before they are processed; clearly identify the part of parts Sketch where the parts are placed after processing Step 2: analyzed how to products parts are moved within the work place Know: How part is first obtained how the operators holds the part Where the part is move to how the part is presented to the machine How the part is disposed of by the operator where the part is disposed to. Step 3: Describe the method in simple movements; GSD is the best analysis tool for this.The motions are typically: Pick up Position align 20 | P a g e Sew Measure Cut/ trim Place aside Step 4: From the list of movements the key points for attention should be identified Finger/ hand position Number of sewing bursts Quality specification- tolerances, notch alignment, fabric position etc. Special skill requirements Step 5: The critical examination stage: Identify and eliminate excess movements‟ e.g. checking, smoothing and positioning motions that are not fundamental to the method or company policy. Identify and eliminate stretching or body movements. Strive to achieve a method that contains only motions with “Easy Characteristics” Work measurement: There are number of different techniques that can be used to carry out work measurement within the sewn products industries, the traditional alternative to general sewing data is time study. The skills required are: 1. The ability, skill and experienced to read and operate a stopwatch. 2. The ability, skills and experienced to assess the rate of working (performance) of individuals workers. Time study: This is the process by which we calculate the SMV (standard minute value) in “in process inspection”. There are two types of SMV such as estimate SMV and garments SMV. It is done by following formula, Take a stop watch and take times for 10 times for a operation and finally calculate the SMV of this operation and production per hour. [...]... Efficiency –     27 | P a g e Manufacturers of the marker; Size of pattern pieces; Length of the marker; Pattern Engineering;  Nature of the fabric;  Method of marker making;  Marker width;  Kinds or design of garments  Constraint of Marker making: The hinders of marker making are – Grain Line: Grain line is a more effective constraint of marker making Because of grain line sometimes it is tough to... Design of Garments: Sometimes the designs and repeats of the fabric are regarded as constraints of marker making The patterns may miss the designs or may overlap the designs Nature of the Fabric: Nature of the fabric may sometimes be regarded as a constraint of marker making Nature of the fabric includes symmetric and asymmetric Cutting Accuracy: Accurate cutting may be one of the constraints of marker... The time taking to perform an element or complete cycle of work obtained and recorded by means of direct observation Performance Rating: The assessment of an operator‟s rate of working on one of the internationally recognized scales of performance rating Where the observer understands and is fully conversant with the requirements of all the levels of performance Production study: In the sewn products... includes rate of production, types of garments, sizes of garments, etc Fabric wastages inside and outside of the marker: Inside Wastage: That wastage that is obtained from the inter-spaces of the pattern pieces in the marker paper It depends on the efficiency of the marker maker and on the size of the patterns as well Outside Wastage: Besides the inside wastages, some fabric is wasted outside of the marker... of a garment It is made just before cutting and its purpose is to minimize the wastages The width of a marker is equal to the width of the fabric and it should not be greater than the width of the fabric i.e the width of the marker is kept less than or equal to the width of the Fabric The pattern pieces should be placed very carefully in such a way that it will obviously minimize wastages Objects of. .. due to heavy weight of the motor  Higher the depth of the lay, higher will be the deflection  Possibility of accident is higher Requirements of Fabric Cutting: The following points must be fulfilled in fabric cutting: 1 Precision of fabric cutting: Fabric cutting should be done accurately as per exact dimension of the pattern pieces in the marker Accurate cutting depends on methods of cutting and marker... result in the fabric As because most of those fibres melt at around 2500C Therefore, sticking of cut edge of fabric will increase the fabric wastage Moreover, the fused edge after cooling will form hard bid, which will be a problem of irritation during use of garments To avoid the problem of fused edge formation, the following steps may be taken: 1 Reduce the height of the lay; 2 Reduce the cutting speed;... Size of marker: During marker making we have to think about the table size, length of the fabric, etc Marker Efficiency: The ratio between the total areas of the pattern pieces to the total area of the maker paper is technically termed as Marker Efficiency It is expressed in percentage If it is denoted by the symbol ή then – Marker Efficiency (ή) = (Total areas of the pattern pieces/Total area of the... wastages, some fabric is wasted outside of the marker – Ends of the ply losses: Generally each ply of the fabric losses up to 4 cm at both sides (Two sides * 2 cm) End of fabric losses: The length of fabric may sometimes not cover the ply, it may finish its end at less than 5 yards (cut piece) This piece of fabric goes through wastage and is called end of fabric losses 28 | P a g e Selvedge losses: Generally... cutting parts of different garment brought in sewing section to sew First of all machine is set out according to requirement In this chapter I will try to give some flow chart of the different garment item sewing along with the machine lay out plan The process of joining fabric or seam is called Sewing Elements of Sewing:  Sewing Thread,  Needle &  Sewing Machine 34 | P a g e Flow-Sequence of Sewing . INDUSTRIAL TRAINING Course Code: Tex -4036 INDUSTRIAL ATTACHMENT OF Merchandizing. 12 | P a g e GARMENTS MERCHANDISING Definition Merchandizing: . garments merchandizing . Flow sequence of merchandising section: Talk to Buyer (Buyer Developing) ↓ Receive order, information of Buyer ↓ Consumption of material ↓ Costing of material. operator‟s rate of working on one of the internationally recognized scales of performance rating. Where the observer understands and is fully conversant with the requirements of all the levels of performance