Nghiên cứu phương pháp dạy - học văn bản văn học theo đặc điểm thể loại và loại hình cho sinh viên chuyên pháp

MUCJ DAI HOC QUOC GIA HA NOI TRLTCJNG DAI HOC NGOAI NGU' DE TAI NGHIEN ClTU KHOA HOC CAP DAI HOC QUOC GIA NGHIEN CUtJ PHlTONG PHAP DAY-HOC VAN BAN VAN HOC THEO DAC DIEM THE LOAI VA • • • LOAI HINH CHO SINH VIEN CHUYEN PHAP MA SO: QN.03.07 CHUYEN NG; A N H : P H U O N G PHAP G I A N G DAY CHU NHIEM DE TAI DEA NGUYEN THI HUYEN-KHOA NN VA VAN HOA PHAP NHUlMG N G U O I P H O I HOP THl/C HIEN: _ NCS NGUYEN THI BINH DHNN-DHQGHN ', > n O C Q U O C GIA > _• [RUNG TAM THONG TIN THU VIEN DTieo^ HA NOI - 2005 MUC LUC tr PHAN M d DAU CHU'ONG VAN BAN VAN HOC VOfI GIANG DAY TIENG PHAP CHO NGUOI NU*6C NGOAI 1.1 Van ban van hoc la gi ? y 1.1 Nguon goc cua van hoc gdn lien v&i khdi niem chit viet / 1.2 Tinh da nghia cua van ban van hoc 1.1.3 Tinh khep kin cita van ban van hoc 10 1.1.4 Vein hoc la mot the che van hod 11 1.2 Van ban van hoc vdi giang day tieng Phap cho ngirai nuffc ngoai 11 1.2.1 Van ban van hoc gidng day truyen thong 12 1.2.2 C Yic plmong phcip nghe nhin: thai ky suy ihoc'd 13 1.2.3 Phu'ong phdp giao tiep: cjuan niem mai ve van ban van hoc 14 1.3 Day van ban van hoc a khoa Ngon ngu* va Van hoa Phap, DHNN, 18 DHQG Ha noi 1.3.1 SInh vien 18 1.3.2 Gido vien 19 1.3.3 CInrang trinh, gido trinh 19 Ti^u kk 20 CHUONG II : PHUONG PHAP TIEP CAN VAN BAN VAN HOC 23 THEO DAC DIEM THE LOAI VA LOAI HINH 2.1 Phan bict the loai van hoc va loai hinh van ban 23 2.1.1 The loai van hoc (genres litteraires) 23 - rieii ihiiyet 24 - Kjeh 25 - Tho 26 2.1.2 Loai hinh van ban (types de textes) 27 - Van ban ke chuyen 27 - Van ban mieu ta 28 - Van ban lap luan 28 2.1.3 Phdn biet giua the loai vo loai hinh 30 2.2 Tam quan cua day van ban van hoc theo dac trirng the 31 loai va loai hinh 2.3 Phu'ffng phap giang day theo dac trirng the loai va loai hinh 32 2.3.1 Vai trd cua von hoa gidng day van hoc 33 - Nang luc van hoa cua nguoi doc 33 - Chang duong doc 34 2.3.2 Bcii doc theo phuang phdp 35 - Bai doc theo phuang phdp la gi? 35 - Muc dich cua bdi doc theo phuang phdp 36 - Tam quan cua bdi doc theo phuang phdp 37 -Thiphap 38 - Phep lu tu moi 39 2.3.3 Cdc cong cii (outils ) phdn tich van ban 40 - Hop cong cu phan tich van ban (le referentiel d'analyse) 40 - Cae mau cau hoi khai thac van ban (les grilles de lecture) 47 Cac niau cau hoi chung cho moi van ban 49 Cac mau cau hoi cho tirng the loai 50 Cdc can hoi cho van ban tieu thuyet 51 Cdc cau hoi cho van ban kich 53 Cdc cau hoi cho van ban tlia 55 Tieu kct 57 CHUONG HI: CAC VI DU MINH HOA 60 3.1 Van ban tieu thuyet 61 Vi du " Quan tro cua ba Vauquer " Honore de Balzac 61 Vi du " Trai tim c6 ta lai tro nen rdng" Gustave Flaubert 63 Vi du "Hai trieu ke dien anh diing va thoat xieng" 65 Louis-Ferdinand Celine Vi du "Mot phan tu qua ca chua" Alain Robbe-Grillet 68 Vi du "Can ho ggi lai cho toi nhirng ky niem xa xua" 70 Patrick Modiano 3.2 Van ban kjch 73 Vi du Canh dau Suxdo trd cita Scapin Moliere 73 Vi du Truong thoai ve cai mui cua Cyrano 75 Edmond Rostand Vi du " Hay la minh tu treo c6 di? " Samuel Beckett 79 3.3 Van ban tho' 82 Vi du Ngay mai, tir liic binh minh Vicior Hugo 82 Vi du 10 " Duong cong doi mat em " Paul Eluard 84 Vi du 11 Con so Francis Ponge 86 Vi du 12 " Louis Cure! vung Sorgue " Rene Char 88 I ieu ket 90 KET LUAN 93 DANH MUC SACH THAM KHAO 95 PHAN MO DAU Tinh cap thiet va cai mai cua de tai Hien o truong ta cung nhu o cac truong c6 giang day tieng Phap, van hoc Phap dugc giang day theo cac dong van hoc, tac gia, lac pham tieu bieu Viee giang day van hoc chi gioi han muc doc hieu Nhung dac diem cua lung the loai van hoc khong dugc de cap den chuong trinh Tinh da ngliTa cua van ban van hoe bj bo qua Hau qua la sinh vien doe tac pham mot each Ihu dong, tham chi ral ngai doc sach Ngoai bai giang cua thay, sinh vien khong eo kha nang tu kham pha cai hay, cai dep cua mot tac pham van hoc, tham chi doi voi nhung van ban ral don gian ca ve tu ngij" Ian ngii phap Viec doc cac tieu thuyet cua Phap tro nen ral kho khan ca doi voi nhiing nguoi doe thong viet Ihao bang lieng Phap Mot nen van hoc so voi ca mgl be day lich su c6 nguy co cang cang it dugc biel den a Viet nam Dung Iriroc tinh hinh do, viec Ihay doi phuong phap giang day la can Ihiet nham giup hoc sinh c6 kha nang tiep can van ban mot each doc lap Cung cap nhung khai niem co ban ve the loai va loai hinh van ban chinh la Irao cho nguoi hoc chiec chia khoa giup ho doc sach moi each de dang va khong cam ihay van hoc la qua kho nhu iruoc nua Dong gop moi ve mat khoa hoc ciia de tai De tai neu len nhung dac diem chinh cua cac Ihe loai va loai hinh van ban chinh, Ihuang gap irong van hoe Due kel nhung dang cau hoi ihuong sir dung tiep can cac van ban van hoc Dua nhung duong huang cho viec giang day van ban van hoc Iheo dac diem Ihe loai va loai hinh De lai gop phan d6i mai phirong phaj-) giang day van hoc a khoa Ngon ngu va Van hoa Phap Do !a phuang phap giang day Iheo cac dong van hoc, lac gia, lac pham lieu bieu chiu anh huong ciia cac sikh giao khoa day van hoc Phap cho nguoi ban ngij* va cung la nguyen nhan gay tam ly chan nan va tranh xa viec doc sach cua sinh vien Viec xac dinh cac the loai va loai hinh giup nguoi doc tim cac Ihong tin irong vSn ban mot each de dang Trong van hoc, co ba the loai chinh: tieu thuyet, kich va tho Moi the loai co dac diem rieng va ket cau rieng Trong moi the loai co the xual hien cac loai hinh nhu ke chuyen, mieu la va lap luan Mot nguoi doc nhanh khong chi phat hien nhanh cac chii diem ma biet phan biel so (schema) cua lung Ihc loai va loai hinh van ban Nam dugc dac diem moi the loai hoac loai hinh cho phep ap dung doc hieu bat ky van ban nao ciing loai mot each de dang, tiel kiem ihoi gian giang day Iren lap, giam tai chuong trinh, lang thoi gian cho bai tap thue hanh va cac hoal dong khac Muc dich va nhicm vu ciia de tai De lai nham giup hoc sinh phan biel dugc nhung dac diem chinh cua cac Ihe loai va loai hinh van ban, dira nhung duong huong tiep can doi voi lung the loai van hoc, due ket nhung dang cau hoi dac trung cho tirng Ihe loai nham nang cao kha nang doe hieu va chat lugng giang day van hoc Phap Lam the nao de giup sinh vien ham doc sach hon, doc sach mot each chii dong, Ihi'i va de dang ban? Tu cai nhin long quat nguoi doc co ihe xac dinh van ban thuoc the loai nao sau c6 the ap dung nhung kien Ihi'rc ve the loai cua van ban de kham pha nhung net doc dao dan den viec hieu than dao nhung y nghla sau xa cua van ban Nghien ci'ru ve the loai va loai hinh van ban nham giup sinh vien: - lu bo Ihoi quen doc sach mot each thu dong ; - CO mot cai nhin moi viec tiep can van ban van hoc ; - loai bo lam ly ngai doc nhung tac pham van hoc Doi tuoiig va pham vi nghien cuu De tai di sfiu nghien cuu nhung dac diem chinh cua cac Ihe loai van hoe nhu -2 tieu thuyet, kjch, tho va cac loai hinh nhu ke chuyen, mieu ta va lap luan Cung cap cac cong cu phan tich van ban va cac dang cau hoi dac Irung cho lung loai hinh va the loai Trong de tai nay, ngon ngu dugc su dung cac trich doan minh hoa la tieng Phap Gia thiet khoa hoc Giao vien va hoc sinh tieng Phap gap rat nhieu kho khan day va hoc van hoc Mot nhung ly can tro la phuong phap giang day thien ve cac dong van hoc, tac gia, lac pham tieu bieu da lam cho chuong Irinh tro nen qua nang Giao vien dung truoc ganh nang phai ket thue het chuong trinh hoc sinh thi hoang mang Iruoc mot khoi lugog kien thue qua Ion Dieu da lam giam chat luong hoc tap moi each dang ke Nhat la thai gian gan day, chal lugng hoc tap cua sinh vien khoa tieng Phap dang muc bao dong Phuong phap nghien cuu Phuang phap nghien cuu cua chung toi la phan tich, long hgp cac dac diem chinh cua tirng the loai (lieu Ihuyet, kich, tho) va loai hinh van ban (ke chuyen, mieu ta, lap luan) Phan loai va he thong cac dang cau hoi chung co Ihe ap dung doi vai nhieu van ban va nhung cau hoi chuyen sau cho mot the loai Gia trj ly hian va thue tien ciia cong trinh nghien cuu z' / Gia Iri ly luan Cong Irinh cung cap nhung khai niem ve van ban van hoc noi chung va dac diem lung the loai va loai hinh van ban noi rieng Cong irinh gioi Ihieu moi each co he thong qua Irinh van ban van hoc dugc sir dung irong giang day va cung cap cho giao vien va sinh vien tieng Phap mot phuong phap day-hoc d*} cao tinh chii dong ciia nguoi hoc, coi nguoi hoc la Irung lam va ehu den ylu l6 van hoa ciia ngirai hoc nham nang cao chal lugng giang day, cung cap cac cong cu (outils) phan lich van ban bao gom hop cong cu phan lich van ban (le referenlicl d'analyse) va cac mau cau hoi khai thac van ban (les grilles de lecture) 7,2 Gid trj thue tien Voi each dan d^t cac cau hoi tu tdng quat den chuyen sau, cu the va phii hgp voi muc tilp thu va IK cua nguoi Viet, nguoi hoc hieu van ban de dang hon va sau hon, dan dan tao nen thu hoc tap Nam dugc dac di^m cua lung the loai van hoc cho phep ap dung doe hieu bai ky van ban nao cung loai mot each de dang, tiet kiem thoi gian giang day tren lop, giam tai chuong Irinh, tang thoi gian cho bai tap thue hanh va cae boat dong khac Nhung k^t qua thu dugc cong trinh co the dugc su dung de giang day mon ''Phdn tich van ban van hoc"' khung chuong Irinh bo mon van hoc Phap Nguon tai lieu sir dung Tai lieu ciia chung toi dua vao nhung nghien cuu mai nhal ciia J.M Adam, A SeoLide, M Nalurel, J Biard & F Denis, J -P Goldenslein, M Raimond, A Vaillant, B Valelte ve cac loai hinh van ban va giang day van hoc theo ihe loai, giang day van hoc cho nguoi nuac ngoai, cac lai lieu nghien cuu ve tho, kich, tieu Ihuyet Cau true ciia cong trinh Ngoai phan ma dau va kel luan, de lai bao gom ba chuong: van ban van hoc vai giang day lieng Phap cho nguoi nuac ngoai, phuong phap giang day van ban van hoc Phap Iheo dac diem loai hinh va the loai va cac bai tap minh hoa Chuong thir nhat djnh nghia nhu the nao la van ban van hoc, vai iro cua van ban van hoc Irong giang day tieng Phap cho nguoi nuac ngoai Chuong thu hai, phuang phap giang day van ban van hoc Phap Ihco dac diem loai hinh va the loai tren ca so bdi doc iheo phuang phdp, nham khac phuc each hieu theo chu quan cua mon trich giang van hoc Iruyen thong No cho phep liep can van ban mot each ky Ihiiat hon va kliach quan hon bang viec cung cap nhung cong -4 cu (outils ) phdn tich van ban Chuong thu ba, cac bai tap minh boa, dua chu yen vao cac Irieh doan hai giao trinh Van hoc Phdp thi ky 19 vd Van hoc Phdp the ky 20 hien dang dugc luu hanh khoa Ngon ngii va Van boa Phap 5- ... doc 33 - Chang duong doc 34 2.3.2 Bcii doc theo phuang phdp 35 - Bai doc theo phuang phdp la gi? 35 - Muc dich cua bdi doc theo phuang phdp 36 - Tam quan cua bdi doc theo phuang phdp 37 -Thiphap... van hoc (genres litteraires) 23 - rieii ihiiyet 24 - Kjeh 25 - Tho 26 2.1.2 Loai hinh van ban (types de textes) 27 - Van ban ke chuyen 27 - Van ban mieu ta 28 - Van ban lap luan 28 2.1.3 Phdn... 47 Cac niau cau hoi chung cho moi van ban 49 Cac mau cau hoi cho tirng the loai 50 Cdc can hoi cho van ban tieu thuyet 51 Cdc cau hoi cho van ban kich 53 Cdc cau hoi cho van ban tlia 55 Tieu kct