Nhirng dau hi?u de nhan biet van ban ke chuyen la thai qua khii dan gian, nhi^u m6c thai gian, nhUng bieu hien ciia phat ngon nhu cac dai tir chi nguofi, cac tinh tir so huu, tCr chi ro, tu chi Ihoi gian, khong gian, thai dp ciia nguai phat ngon. Trong van ban mieu ta thuang xuat hien thai qua khir khong hoan thanh, nhieu danh tir, tinh tir va de cao chuc nSng thi phap ciia ngon ngu. Van ban lap luan sir dung lai noi, cac ngu chi nguyen nhan, hau qua, nhuang bp.
2.2. Tam quan trong ciia day van biin van hoc theo dac trung loai hinh va the loai loai
De CO the day tot ban van ban van hpc cho nguoi nuoc ngoai can phai phan loai van ban, tim ra nhirng dac trung rieng cua tirng loai hinh va the loai ve ngon ngu va tham chi xac dinh ranh gioi giira the loai, loai hinh van ban, truong phai van hoc. Xac djnh dugc mpl van ban hay mpl tac pham thupe the loai nao la mot viec lam quan trpng nhat la o giai doan dau. Vi ve mat truyen thong, the loai eo nhirng quy tac ma lac gia luon phai luan theo.
Mireille Naturel {Ddnh cho vdn hpc Tir Irich dogn den tdc phdm) da coi the
loai nhu khai niem dau lien can phai luu tam truoc khi liep can mpl van ban van hpc.
Viec phan biet nam loai hinh co ban : ke chuyen, mieu ta, lap luan, giai thich va bpi thoai giiip hieu cac phat ngon mot each de dang nho nhirng dac diem dugc lap di lap lai trong nhieu van ban. Khi nam dugc so do ciia tirng loai hinh, nguoi hpc coi nhu da lu trang bj cho minh mot kho thong tin. Kho Ihong tin do se dugc xir ly dan trong qua trinh lim kiem nha do viec dpc hieu dugc lien hanh mpl each de dang.
Trong bai viet: "Nhirng gia djnh van hoa va boat dpng dpc", cac lac gia Chiilakorn, Kaolipaya, Kirpalani, Rangsiyanondha va Simon neu: "Viec xac dinh the loai va tim nhung dau hieu dac trung ciia the loai trong mpl van ban cho phep
ngu6i doc hilu dugc ket cau va van hanh cua van ban do. Tat nhien voi dieu kien la anh ta phai co nhiing kien tbire va luge do cua the loai truoc do, su kem hieu biet ve linh vuc nay co the gay can tro viec hieu va luan ra y nghia cua van ban." [22]
Jacqueline Biard va Frederique Denis {Phuang phdp gidng dgy vdn bdn vdn hoc) trich din Vdn bdn huang ddn dgy tieng phdp lop 10, so dac biet, 15 thang hai
nam 1987: "co rat nhieu nguyen tac phan loai cac van ban nhung trong nghien ciai