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ground floor 148 guide a big house or institution ć The police searched the school grounds for the weapon. ć The village fair is held in the grounds of the hospital. 2. reasons ć Does he have any grounds for com- plaint? ć What grounds have you got for saying that? ground floor ground floor /raυnd flɔ/ noun a floor in a building which is level with the street group group /rup/ noun 1. a number of peo- ple together ć a group of houses in the valley ć Groups of people gathered in the street. ć She is leading a group of businessmen on a tour of Italian facto- ries. ć There are reduced prices for groups of 30 and over. 2. a way of clas- sifying things ć These drugs belong to the same group. 3. people playing music together ć He plays in a jazz group. ć She’s the lead singer in a pop group. grow grow /rəυ/ verb 1. ( of plants ) to live and develop ć There was grass growing in the middle of the road. ć Roses grow well in our garden. 2. to make plants grow ć He grows all his vegetables in his garden. ć We are going to grow some cabbages this year. 3. to become taller or bigger ć He’s grown a lot taller since I last saw him. ć The profit has grown to £1m. ć The town’s population is growing very fast. (NOTE: grows – growing – grew / ru/ – grown / rəυn/) grow up phrasal verb to become an adult growing growing /rəυŋ/ adjective 1. becom- ing bigger in size or amount 2. becom- ing stronger or more extreme ć growing fear of war grown grown /rəυn/ adjective full size ć What silly behaviour from a grown man! growth growth /rəυθ/ noun an increase in size ć the rapid growth of the population since 1980 ć They measured the tree’s growth over the last fifty years. grubby grubby /rbi/ adjective so dirty as to be unpleasant ć A grubby little boy asked for money. ć He was wearing a grubby old shirt. (NOTE: grubbier – grubbiest) grumble grumble /rmbəl/ to complain in a bad-tempered way, especially regularly and often about unimportant things ć He’s always grumbling about the music from the flat above. guarantee guarantee /rən ti/ noun 1. a legal document in which someone states that something is going to happen ć The travel agent could not give a guarantee that we would be accommodated in the hotel mentioned in the brochure. 2. a promise ć I can’t give you any guaran- tee of success. í verb to give a firm promise that something will work, that something will be done ć I can guaran- tee that the car will give you no trouble. ć We can almost guarantee good weath- er in the Caribbean at this time of year. (NOTE: guarantees – guaranteeing – guaranteed) guard guard /ɑd/ noun 1. a person who pro- tects, often a soldier ć Security guards patrol the factory at night. 2. the man in charge of a train ć The guard helped my put my bike into his van. í verb to watch someone or somewhere carefully to pre- vent attacks or escapes ć The prison is guarded at all times. ȣ to be on your guard to try to be ready for an unpleas- ant surprise ć You always have to be on your guard against burglars. guerrilla guerrilla /ə rlə/, guerilla noun a sol- dier who is not part of a regular national army guess guess /es/ noun an attempt to give the right answer or amount ć Go on – make a guess! ć At a guess, I’d say it weighs about 10 kilos. í verb to try to give the right answer or amount ć I would guess it’s about six o’clock. ć Neither of them guessed the right answer. ć He guessed right. ć I’ve bought you a present – shut your eyes and guess what it is. guest guest /est/ noun 1. a person who is in- vited to come to your home or to an event ć We had a very lively party with dozens of guests. ć None of the guests left the party early. 2. a person staying in a hotel ć Guests are requested to va- cate their rooms before midday. guidance guidance /ad(ə)ns/ noun advice guide guide /ad/ noun 1. a person who shows you the way ć They used local farmers Basic.fm Page 148 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM This is trial version www.adultpdf.com guidebook 149 gym as guides through the forest. 2. a person who shows tourists round a place ć The guide showed us round the castle. ć The museum guide spoke so fast that we couldn’t understand what she was say- ing. 3. a book which gives information ć a guide to Athens ć a guide to the but- terflies of Europe í verb 1. to show someone the way to somewhere ć She guided us up the steps in the dark. 2. to show tourists round a place ć He guided us round the castle and told us about its history. guidebook guidebook /adbυk/ noun a book with information about a place guilty guilty /lti/ adjective 1. who has com- mitted a crime ć He was found guilty of murder. ć The jury decided she was not guilty. 2. feeling unhappy because you have done something wrong ć I feel very guilty about not having written to you. (NOTE: guiltier – guiltiest) guitar guitar / tɑ/ noun a musical instrument with six strings, played with the fingers ć He plays the guitar in a pop group. gulf gulf /lf/ noun an area of sea partly sur- rounded by land ć the Gulf of Mexico gum gum /m/ noun 1. glue ć She spread gum on the back of the photo and stuck it onto a sheet of paper. 2. the flesh around the base of your teeth ć Brush- ing your teeth every day is good for your gums. í verb to stick something with glue ć She gummed the pictures onto a sheet of paper. (NOTE: gums – gum- ming – gummed) gun gun /n/ noun 1. a weapon which shoots bullets ć The robber pulled out a gun. ć She grabbed his gun and shot him dead. 2. a small piece of equipment which you hold in your hand to spray a substance such as paint or glue ć A spray gun gives an even coating of paint. ȣ to jump the gun to start too quickly ć The new law comes into effect in a month’s time, but some shops have already jumped the gun. gunman gunman /nmən/ noun a man armed with a gun ć The gunman pulled out a revolver and started shooting. (NOTE: The plural is gunmen.) gut gut /t/ noun the tube in which food is digested as it passes through the body ć He complained of a pain in the gut. guts guts /ts/ plural noun courage ( informal ) ć She had the guts to tell the boss he was wrong. gutter gutter /tə/ noun 1. the side of a road where water can flow ć Pieces of paper and leaves were blowing about in the gutter. 2. an open pipe under the edge of a roof for catching rain ć It rained so hard the gutters overflowed. guy guy /a/ noun 1. a man ( informal ) ć She married a guy from Texas. ć The boss is a very friendly guy. ć Hey, you guys, come and look at this! 2. a model of a man burnt on Bonfire Night, November 5th ć The children are collecting clothes to make a guy. ć Penny for the guy! gym gym /dm/ noun 1. a place with special equipment, or a large hall as in a school, for indoor sports and physical training ć I go to the gym twice a week to exercise. 2. physical exercises, especially as an activity at school Basic.fm Page 149 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM This is trial version www.adultpdf.com H h h /etʃ/, H noun the eighth letter of the al- phabet, between G and I habit habit /hbt/ noun something that someone does regularly ć He has the habit of biting his fingernails. had had /əd, həd, hd/ past tense and past participle of have hail hail /hel/ noun frozen rain ć I thought the hail was going to break the wind- screen. í verb to fall as frozen rain ć It hailed for ten minutes and then the sun came out. hair hair /heə/ noun 1. a mass of long fibres growing on your head ć She has long brown hair or her hair is long and brown. ć She always brushes her hair before washing it. ć You must get your hair cut. ć He’s had his hair cut short. ć Use some hair spray to keep your hair in place. 2. one of the fibres growing on the body of a human or animal ć Waiter, there’s a hair in my soup! ć The cat has left hairs all over the cushion. ć He’s beginning to get some grey hairs. hairdresser hairdresser /heədresə/ noun a person who cuts and washes your hair hairstyle hairstyle /heəstal/ noun the way in which your hair has been cut or ar- ranged half half /hɑf/ noun 1. one of two parts which are the same in size ć She cut the orange in half. ć One half of the apple fell on the carpet. ć Half of six is three. 2. ( in sport ) one of two parts of a match ć Our team scored a goal in the first half. ć We thought we were going to win, and then they scored in the final minutes of the second half. half past half past /hɑf pɑst/ phrase 30 min- utes after an hour half-term half-term /hɑf tm/ noun a short hol- iday in the middle of a school term halfway halfway /hɑf we/ adverb in the mid- dle ć Come on, we’re more than half- way there! ć The post office is about halfway between the station and our house. hall hall /hɔl/ noun 1. a room just inside the entrance to a house, where you can leave your coat ć Don’t wait in the hall, come straight into the dining room. ć She left her umbrella in the hall. 2. a large room where large numbers of peo- ple can come together ć The children have their dinner in the school hall. halt halt /hɔlt/ noun a complete stop í verb to stop something ć The cars halted when the traffic lights went red. ć We are trying to halt experiments on live animals. halve halve /hɑv/ verb to reduce something by half ć Because the town has no cash, its budget has been halved. ham ham /hm/ noun meat from a pig which has been treated, e.g. with salt ć She cut three slices of ham. ć We had a ham and tomato salad. ć She had a ham sand- wich for lunch. hamburger hamburger /hmbə/ noun a piece of minced beef grilled and served in a toasted roll hammer hammer /hmə/ noun a tool with a heavy head for knocking nails ć She hit the nail hard with the hammer. í verb 1. to knock something such as a nail into something such as a piece of wood with a hammer ć It took him a few minutes to hammer the tent pegs into the ground. 2. to hit something hard, as with a hammer ć He hammered the table with his fist. ć She hammered on the door with her stick. hand hand /hnd/ noun 1. the part of the body at the end of each arm, which you use for holding things ć She was carrying a cup of tea in each hand. ć She held out her hand, asking for money. ˽ they walked along hand in hand they walked holding each other by the hand Basic.fm Page 150 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM This is trial version www.adultpdf.com handbag 151 hard 2. one of the two long parts on a clock which move round and show the time. The minute hand is longer than the hour hand. í verb to pass something to someone ć Can you hand me that box? ć She handed me all her money. ȣ to give or lend someone a hand with something to help someone with something ć Can you lend a hand with moving the furniture? ć He gave me a hand with the washing up. ȣ to shake hands to hold someone’s hand to show you are pleased to meet them or to show that an agreement has been reached ć The visitors shook hands and the meet- ing started. hand in phrasal verb to give something to someone such as a teacher or a police- man ć We handed in the money we had found. hand over phrasal verb to give some- thing to someone ć She handed over all the documents to the lawyers. handbag handbag /hndb/ noun a small bag which a woman carries to hold small things such as money or make-up handicap handicap /hndikp/ noun 1. a phys- ical or mental condition which makes ordinary activities difficult ( dated ) 2. something which puts you at a disad- vantage ć Not being able to drive is a handicap in this job. handkerchief handkerchief /hŋkətʃf/ noun a piece of cloth or thin paper for wiping your nose (NOTE: The plural is hand- kerchiefs or handkerchieves.) handle handle /hnd(ə)l/ noun a part of some- thing which you hold in your hand to carry something or to use something ć I turned the handle but the door didn’t open. ć Be careful, the handle of the fry- ing pan may be hot. ć The handle has come off my suitcase. ć He broke the handle off the cup. í verb to move by hand ć Be careful when you handle the bottles of acid. handsome handsome /hns(ə)m/ adjective a handsome man or boy has an attractive face ć Her boyfriend is very handsome. (NOTE: usually used of men rather than women) handwriting handwriting /hndratŋ/ noun writ- ing done by hand handy handy /hndi/ adjective practical and useful ȣ to come in handy to be useful ć The knife will come in handy when we are camping. hang hang /hŋ/ verb to attach one thing to another so that it does not touch the ground ć Hang your coat on the hook behind the door. ć He hung his umbrella over the back of his chair. ć We hung the painting in the hall. ć The boys were hanging upside down from a tree. (NOTE: hangs – hanging – hung / hŋ/) hang around phrasal verb to wait in a certain place without doing anything much hang on phrasal verb to wait ć If you hang on a few minutes you will be able to see her. happen happen /hpən/ verb 1. to take place ć The accident happened at the traffic lights. ć How did the accident happen? ć Something happened to make all the buses late. ć He’s late – something must have happened to him. 2. ˽ to happen to someone or something to have an ef- fect on someone or something ć What’s happened to his brother since he left school? ȣ as it happens, as it hap- pened completely by chance ć As it happens I have the car today and can give you a lift. ć It so happened that my wife bumped into her at the supermar- ket. happily happily /hpli/ adverb in a happy way happiness happiness /hpinəs/ noun a feeling of being happy happy happy /hpi/ adjective 1. ( of people ) very pleased ć I’m happy to say we’re getting married next month. ć I’m so happy to hear that you are better. ć She’s very happy in her job. 2. ( of events ) pleasant ć It was the happiest day of my life. harbour harbour /hɑbə/ noun a place where boats can come and tie up ć The ship came into harbour last night. hard hard /hɑd/ adjective 1. not soft ć If you have back trouble, you ought to get a hard bed. ć The ice cream is rock hard or hard as a rock. ć The cake she made is so hard I can’t bite into it. 2. not easy Basic.fm Page 151 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM This is trial version www.adultpdf.com hardly 152 head ć Some of the questions were very hard. ć It’s hard to stay happy when bad things happen. í adverb 1. strongly ć He hit the nail hard. ć It’s snowing very hard. 2. with a lot of effort ć They worked hard to finish the order on time. ć She always tries hard. ȣ it’s hard to say it’s difficult to know ć It’s hard to say if it’s going to rain or not. hardly hardly /hɑdli/ adverb almost not ć Do you know her? – Hardly at all. ć We hardly slept a wink last night. ć She hardly eats anything at all. hardware hardware /hɑdweə/ noun tools and pans used in the home ć I bought the paint in a hardware shop. harm harm /hɑm/ noun damage done to peo- ple or animals ć He didn’t mean to do any harm or He meant no harm. ć There’s no harm in having a little drink before you go to bed. í verb to physical- ly affect something or someone in a bad way ć Luckily, the little girl was not harmed. ć The bad publicity has harmed our reputation. harmful harmful /hɑmf(ə)l/ adjective which causes damage harmless harmless /hɑmləs/ adjective which does not upset or hurt anyone harsh harsh /hɑʃ/ adjective 1. severe ć The prosecutor asked for a harsh sentence to fit the crime. 2. rough ć He shouted in a harsh voice. harvest harvest /hɑvst/ noun picking crops ć The corn harvest is in August. í verb to pick crops ć The corn will be ready to harvest next week. ć They have started harvesting the grapes in the vineyard. has has /əz, həz, hz/ 3rd person singular present of have hat hat /ht/ noun a piece of clothing which you wear on your head ć Take your hat off when you go into a church. ć He’s bought a Russian fur hat for the winter. hate hate /het/ verb to dislike someone or something very much ć I think she hates me, but I don’t know why. ć I hate being late. í noun a very strong feeling of not liking someone ć Her eyes were full of hate. hatred hatred /hetrd/ noun a very strong feeling of not liking someone or some- thing ć She had a hatred of unfair treat- ment. haul haul /hɔl/ verb to pull something with effort ć They hauled the boat up onto the beach. have have /həv, əv, hv/ verb 1. to own something ć She has a lot of money. ć They have a new green car. ć She has long dark hair. ć The house has no tele- phone. ć Do you have a table for three, please? 2. to take or eat something ć Have you had any tea? ć She has sugar in her coffee. ć They had a meal of bread and cheese. ć She had her break- fast in bed. 3. to play a game of some- thing ć They had a game of tennis. ć I had a long walk. 4. to arrange for some- thing to be done for you ć I must have my hair cut. ć She’s having the house painted. 5. used to form the present and past perfect form of verbs ć Have they finished their work? ć She has never been to Paris. ć They had finished sup- per when we arrived. ć I haven’t seen him for two days. ć If she had asked me I would have said no. 6. used to intro- duce good wishes to someone ć Have a nice day! ć Have a good trip! (NOTE: has – having – had) have got phrasal verb 1. to own some- thing ć She’s got dark hair. ć Have you got a table for three, please? ć They’ve got a new green car. ć The house hasn’t got a telephone. ć They haven’t got enough to eat. 2. used to mean ‘must’ ć Why have you got to go so early? ć She’s got to learn to drive. hay hay /he/ noun dried grass used to feed animals such as cows he he /hi, hi/ pronoun referring to a man or boy, and some animals ć He’s my broth- er. ć He and I met in Oxford. ć He’s eat- en all my pudding. ć Don’t be fright- ened of the dog – he won’t hurt you. ı him, his (NOTE: When it is the object, he becomes him: He hit the ball or The ball hit him . When it follows the verb to be, he usually becomes him: Who’s that? – It’s him, the man who borrowed my knife .) head head /hed/ noun 1. the top part of the body, where your eyes, nose, mouth and brain are ć He says he can relax by Basic.fm Page 152 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM This is trial version www.adultpdf.com headache 153 heating standing on his head. ć She hit her head on the cupboard door. 2. your brain; in- telligence ć She has a good head for fig- ures. ć He tried to do the sum in his head. ć If we all put our heads together we might come up with a solution. 3. the first place ć An old lady was standing at the head of the queue. ć His name comes at the head of the list. 4. the most important person ć She’s head of the sales department. ć The head waiter showed us to our table. 5. one person, or one animal, when counting ć She count- ed heads as the children got onto the coach. ć There are fifty head of sheep in the flock. í verb to go towards some- thing ć She headed immediately for the manager’s office. ć The car headed east along the motorway. ć He’s heading to- wards the Channel ports. ć She’s head- ing for trouble. ȣ to shake your head to move your head from side to side to mean ‘no’ ć She asked him if he wanted any more coffee and he shook his head. headache headache /hedek/ noun a pain in your head ć I’ve got a bad headache. headline headline /hedlan/ noun words in large letters on the front page of a newspaper ć Did you see the headlines about the accident? headquarters headquarters /hed kwɔtəz/ noun the main offices of a large organisation ć Several people were arrested and taken to police headquarters. Abbreviation HQ head teacher head teacher /hed titʃə/ noun a man or woman who is in charge of a school heal heal /hil/ verb to make someone or something healthy again, or to become healthy again ć She claims to be able to heal people through touch. ć This should help the wound to heal. (NOTE: Do not confuse with heel.) health health /helθ/ noun the fact of being well or being free from any illness ć He has enjoyed the best of health for years. ć Smoking is bad for your health. healthy healthy /helθi/ adjective 1. not ill ć He’s healthier than he has ever been. 2. making you stay fit and well ć the healthiest place in England ć She’s keeping to a healthy diet. (NOTE: healthier – healthiest) heap heap /hip/ noun a pile ć a heap of coal ć Step over that heap of rubbish. í verb to pile things up ć A pile of presents were heaped under the Christmas tree. ć Boxes were heaped up on the station platform. hear hear /hə/ verb 1. to notice sounds with your ears ć He heard footsteps behind him. ć You could hear the sound of church bells in the distance. ć I heard her drive up in the car. ć Can you hear him singing in the bath? 2. to listen to something ć Did you hear the talk on the radio? ć I heard it on the BBC news. 3. to get information ć I hear he’s got a new job. ć Have you heard that the manager has resigned? ć We have not heard from them for some time. (NOTE: hears – hearing – heard / hd/) hearing hearing /hərŋ/ noun the ability to hear ć Bats have a very sharp sense of hear- ing. ć She has hearing difficulties. (NOTE: no plural) heart heart /hɑt/ noun 1. a main organ in the body, which pumps blood around it ć She isn’t dead – her heart’s still beating. ć The doctor listened to his heart. ć He has had heart trouble for years. 2. your feelings and emotions ć My heart sank when I realised that he hadn’t read my letter. 3. a centre or middle ć The res- taurant is in the heart of the old town. 4. one of the red sets in a game of cards, with a symbol shaped like a heart ć My last card was the ten of hearts. (NOTE: The other red suit is diamonds; clubs and spades are the black suits.) heat heat /hit/ noun 1. the state of being hot ć The heat of the sun made the ice cream melt. 2. the amount of heat pro- duced by an oven or heating system ć Cook the vegetables over a low heat. 3. one part of a sports competition ć There are two heats before the final race. í verb to make something hot ć Can you heat the soup while I’m getting the table ready? ć The room was heated by a small electric fire. ć Heat the milk to room temperature. heating heating /hitŋ/ noun a way of keeping a place such as a house or an office warm Basic.fm Page 153 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM This is trial version www.adultpdf.com heaven 154 helpful heaven heaven /hev(ə)n/ noun a beautiful place believed by some people to be where good people go after death ć She believes that when she dies she will go to heaven. ȣ for heaven’s sake an ex- pression showing you are annoyed, or that something is important ć What are you screaming for? – It’s only a little mouse, for heaven’s sake. ć For heav- en’s sake try to be quiet, we don’t want the guards to hear us! ȣ good heavens an expression showing you are sur- prised ć Good heavens! It’s almost 10 o’clock! heavily heavily /hevli/ adverb 1. with force ć He sat down heavily on the little chair. 2. to a great extent; very much ć The company was heavily criticised in the press. ć She is heavily in debt. ć It rained heavily during the night. heavy heavy /hevi/ adjective 1. weighing a lot ć This suitcase is so heavy I can hardly lift it. ć She’s heavier than I am. 2. in large amounts ć There has been a heavy demand for the book. ć There was a heavy fall of snow during the night. ć The radio says there is heavy traffic in the centre of town. ˽ to be a heavy smoker to smoke a lot of cigarettes ˽ to be a heavy drinker to drink a lot of al- cohol hedge hedge /hed/ noun a row of bushes planted and kept in an even shape to form a screen round a field or garden ć There is a thick hedge round the church- yard. heel heel /hil/ noun 1. the back part of the foot ć After walking, she got sore heels. 2. the back part of a sock or shoe ć He’s got a hole in the heel of his sock. ć She always wears shoes with high heels or high-heeled shoes. height height /hat/ noun 1. a measurement of how high something is or how tall some- one is ć The height of the bridge is only three metres. 2. the highest point ć looking down on the city from the heights around 3. a time of great activity ć It is difficult to find hotel rooms at the height of the tourist season. held held /held/ past tense and past participle of hold helicopter helicopter /helkɒptə/ noun an aircraft with a set of large flat blades on top that spin round, making it rise straight up in the air hell hell /hel/ noun 1. a place where some people believe bad people are sent after they die ć Medieval pictures show hell as a burning place. 2. a very unpleasant place or experience ć It’s hell working in the office these days. 3. used to em- phasise what you are saying ( informal ) ć What the hell’s been going on here? ć Am I going to lend you £50? Am I hell! (NOTE: Using expressions that include the word hell is offensive to some peo- ple.) he’ll he’ll /hil, hil/ short form he will hello hello /hə ləυ/ interjection used as a greet- ing ć She called hello from the other side of the street. ć Hello Mary! I’m glad to see you. ć When you see her, say hello to her from me. (NOTE: also spelled hallo, hullo.) helmet helmet /helmt/ noun a solid hat used as a protection help help /help/ noun 1. something which makes it easier for you to do something ć She was washing the floor with the help of a big mop. ć Do you need any help with moving the furniture? ć She finds the word-processor a great help in writing her book. ć Her assistant is not much help in the office – he can’t type or drive. 2. the act of making it easier for someone to do something ć People were calling for help from the ruins of the house. ć The nurses offered help to people injured in the accident. í verb to make it easier for someone to do some- thing ć He helped the old lady up the steps. ć The government wants to help small businesses. ć Your father can help you with your homework. ć One of my friends helped me move the piano into the bedroom. helper helper /helpə/ noun a person who helps someone do a particular job or task, es- pecially without being paid helpful helpful /helpf(ə)l/ adjective useful or giving help to someone ć She made some helpful suggestions. ć They were very helpful when we moved house. Basic.fm Page 154 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM This is trial version www.adultpdf.com helping 155 high helping helping /helpŋ/ noun an amount of food for one person ć The helpings in this restaurant are very small. ć Chil- dren’s helpings are not as large as those for adults. helpless helpless /helpləs/ adjective not able to do anything to make a bad situation bet- ter hen hen /hen/ noun an adult female chicken ć The hens were scared by the fox. ć Look, one of the hens has laid an egg! hence hence /hens/ adverb in the future ć Five months hence, the situation should be better. her her /ə, hə, h/ object pronoun referring to a female ć There’s a parcel for her in reception. ć Did you see her? ć He told her to go away. í adjective belonging to a female, a ship or a country ć Some- one has stolen all her luggage. ć Have you seen her father? ć The dog doesn’t want to eat her food. ć France is help- ing her businesses to sell more abroad. herb herb /hb/ noun a plant used to give fla- vour to food, or as a medicine herd herd /hd/ noun a group of animals, es- pecially cows ć Herds of cattle were grazing on the hillside. (NOTE: The word herd is usually used with cattle; for sheep, goats, and birds, the word to use is flock.) here here /hə/ adverb 1. in this place ć I’ll sit here in the shade and wait for you. ć Here are the keys you lost. ć I’ll put the book down here next to your computer. ć They have been living here in England for a long time. 2. to this place ć Come here at once! ć Can you bring the chairs here, please? ć Here comes the bus! ȣ here you are take this ć Here you are, today’s newspaper! hero hero /hərəυ/ noun 1. a brave man ć The hero of the fire was the man who man- aged to rescue the children from an up- stairs room. 2. the main male character in something such as a book, play or film ć The hero of the story is a little boy. (NOTE: The plural is heroes.) hers hers /hz/ pronoun belonging to her ć That watch is hers, not mine. herself herself /ə self, hə self/ pronoun used for referring back to a female subject ć The manager wrote to me herself. ć Did your sister enjoy herself? ć She’s too young to be able to dress herself. hesitate hesitate /heztet/ verb to be slow to speak or make a decision ć He hesitated for a moment and then said ‘no’. ć She’s hesitating about whether to ac- cept the job. hiccup hiccup /hkp/, hiccough noun 1. a sudden high sound that you sometimes make in your throat, e.g. if you have been eating too quickly ć She had an at- tack of hiccups. ć He got the hiccups from laughing too much. 2. a small thing which goes wrong ć There has been a slight hiccup in the delivery of our sup- plies. í verb to make a hiccup ć She patted him on the back when he sudden- ly started to hiccup. ć He hiccupped so loudly that everyone in the restaurant stared at him. (NOTE: hiccups – hic- cupping – hiccupped) hidden hidden /hd(ə)n/ adjective which can- not be seen or found easily ć There’s a hidden safe in the wall behind his desk. ć They say there’s some hidden treasure in the castle. hide hide /had/ verb 1. to put something where no one can see or find it ć She hid the presents in the kitchen. ć They kept some gold coins hidden under the bed. ć Someone has hidden my car keys. 2. to put yourself where no one can see or find you ć They hid in the bushes until the police car had gone past. ć Quick! Hide behind the door! (NOTE: hides – hiding – hid / hd/ – has hidden / hd(ə)n/) hideous hideous /hdiəs/ adjective extremely unpleasant to look at ć Where did she get that hideous dress? hiding hiding /hadŋ/ noun a situation in which you have put yourself where no one can find you ć He stayed in hiding for three days until the soldiers left the village. ć They decided to go into hiding for a time until the police called off their search. high high /ha/ adjective 1. far above other things ć Everest is the highest mountain in the world. ć The new building is 20 storeys high. ć The kitchen has a high ceiling. ć The door is not high enough Basic.fm Page 155 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM This is trial version www.adultpdf.com highly 156 hit for us to get the wardrobe into the bed- room. ı height (NOTE: High is used with figures: the mountain is 1,000 me- tres high . High also refers to things that are a long way above the ground: a high mountain , high clouds . For peo- ple and narrow things like trees use tall: a tall man .) 2. large in quantity ć the high level of unemployment in the country ć He earns a high income. ć High prices put customers off. ć The car shakes when going at high speeds. ć The price of petrol is higher every year. í adverb above; up in the air ć The sun rose high in the sky. ć The bird flew higher and higher. (NOTE: higher – highest) highly highly /hali/ adverb used before some adjectives to mean ‘very well’ ć highly priced meals ć The restaurant has been highly recommended. ć Their employ- ees are not very highly paid. highway highway /hawe/ noun a main public road ć A footbridge was built over the highway. hijack hijack /hadk/ verb to take control of a vehicle by force ć The men hijacked the lorry and left the driver by the road. ć They hijacked an aircraft and ordered the pilot to fly to Moscow. hilarious hilarious /h leəriəs/ adjective very funny ć I thought the play was hilari- ous. hill hill /hl/ noun a piece of high land ( informal ) ć The hills are covered with spring flowers. ć If you climb to the top of the hill you will get a good view of the valley. him him /m, hm/ object pronoun referring to a male ć Tell him there’s a letter wait- ing for him. ć Have you spoken to him today? ć That’s him! – The man with the beard. himself himself /m self, hm self/ pronoun used for referring back to a male subject ć I was served by the manager himself. ć The doctor has got flu himself. ć Did your brother enjoy himself? hinge hinge /hnd/ noun a piece of metal used to hold something, e.g. a door, window or lid, so that it can swing open and shut ć That hinge squeaks – it needs some oil. ć They lifted the door off its hinges. hint hint /hnt/ noun 1. something you say that reveals information in an indirect way ć He didn’t give a hint as to where he was going on holiday. 2. a piece of advice or a suggestion ć She gave me some useful hints about painting furni- ture. ć I don’t know what to give her for her birthday – have you any hints? í verb to say something in a way that makes people guess what you mean ć She hinted that her sister was pregnant. hip hip /hp/ noun the part of the body where your legs join your waist ć The tailor measured him round the hips. í adjec- tive very fashionable ( slang ) ć That’s a very hip shirt she’s wearing. hire hire /haə/ verb 1. ( of a borrower ) to pay money to use something for a time ć She hired a car for the weekend. ć He was driving a hired car when the acci- dent happened. 2. to employ someone to work for you ć We’ve hired three more sales assistants. ć They hired a small company to paint their offices. í noun the act of paying money to rent some- thing such as a car, a boat or a piece of equipment his his /z, hz/ adjective belonging to him ć He’s lost all his money. ć Have you met his mother? ć Our dog wants his food. í pronoun belonging to him ć That watch is his, not mine. historical historical /h stɒrk(ə)l/ adjective re- lating to history ć He likes books of his- torical interest. history history /hst(ə)ri/ noun 1. the study of the past ć He is studying Greek history. ć She failed her history exam. ć She teaches history at London University. 2. a book which tells the story of what hap- pened in the past ć He wrote a history of the French Revolution. hit hit /ht/ noun someone or something that is very popular, e.g. a song, a film or a performer ć The song rapidly became a hit. ć The play was a West End hit. ć She was a hit with the old people’s club. í verb 1. to knock something or some- one ć The car hit the tree. ć She hit him on the head with a bottle. ć She hit the ball so hard that we couldn’t find it. ć I Basic.fm Page 156 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM This is trial version www.adultpdf.com hoard 157 hold-up hit my head on the cupboard door. 2. to cause someone to realise something ć It suddenly hit her that now she was di- vorced she would have to live alone. (NOTE: hits – hitting – hit) hit back phrasal verb 1. to hit someone who has hit you ć They hit him so hard that he was unable to hit back. 2. to do something as a reaction to something ć When the supermarket chain lowered their prices, the other chains hit back by lowering prices too. ć He hit back at the inspectors, saying that their report was biased. hoard hoard /hɔd/ noun a store of something such as food or money, which has been collected ć They discovered a hoard of gold coins in the field. í verb to buy and store supplies of something essential that you think you will need in a crisis ć Everyone started hoarding fuel during the strike. hobby hobby /hɒbi/ noun an enjoyable activity which you do in your spare time (NOTE: The plural is hobbies.) hockey hockey /hɒki/ noun a team game played on grass, where you try to hit a small ball into your opponents’ goal using a long stick which is curved at the end ć He played in the hockey team at school. hoist hoist /hɔst/ verb to lift something or someone using special equipment or a lot of force ć The box was hoisted up on a rope. ć It’s time to hoist the flag. hold hold /həυld/ verb 1. to keep something or someone tight, especially in your hand ć She was holding the baby in her arms. ć She held her ticket between her teeth as she was carrying suitcases in both hands. ć Hold tight – the machine is go- ing to start. ć He held the bag close to his chest. 2. to be large enough to con- tain a certain quantity of things or peo- ple ć The bottle holds two litres. ć The box will hold four pairs of shoes. ć Will the car hold eight people? ć The plane holds 250 passengers. 3. to make an event happen ć They are holding a party for their wedding anniversary. ć The meeting will be held next Tuesday in the town hall. 4. to own something ć She holds a valid driving licence. ć He holds the record for the 2000 metres. 5. to keep someone inside ć The prisoners were held in police cells overnight. (NOTE: holds – holding – held /held/) ˽ to hold your breath to keep air in your lungs, e.g. in order to go under wa- ter ć She held her breath under water for a minute. ć We’re all holding our breath to see if he wins a gold medal. í noun 1. the bottom part of a ship or an aircraft, in which goods or luggage are stored ć You can’t take all that luggage with you – it has to go in the hold. 2. the act of keeping something tightly in your hand ć He lost his hold on the ladder. ć Keep tight hold of the bag, we don’t want it stolen. ˽ to get hold of someone to manage to contact someone by tele- phone ć I tried to get hold of the doctor but he was out. hold on phrasal verb 1. to hold some- thing tightly ć She held on to the rope with both hands. ć Hold on to your purse in the crowd. ć Hold on tight, we’re turning! 2. to wait ć Hold on a moment, I’ll get my umbrella. ć Do you want to speak to the manager? Hold on, I’ll find him for you. hold out phrasal verb 1. to move something towards someone ć Hold out your plate to be served. ć He held out his hand but she refused to shake it. 2. to manage to be strong enough ć The cas- tle held out for ten weeks against a huge enemy army. hold up phrasal verb 1. to lift someone or something ć He held up his hand. ć He held the little boy up so that he could see the procession. 2. to support some- thing ć The roof is held up by those pil- lars. 3. to make someone or something late ć The planes were held up by fog. ć Government ministers are holding up the deal. 4. to use a gun to make some- one give up all their money ć Six gun- men held up the security van. hold-up hold-up /həυld p/ noun 1. a delay; an occasion on which something is later than planned ć Long hold-ups are ex- pected because of road works on the motorway. ć There’s been a hold-up and the goods won’t arrive till next week. 2. an occasion on which a person with a gun steals money from someone Basic.fm Page 157 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM This is trial version www.adultpdf.com [...]... roof on something such as a car or pram ć Let’s put down the hood, it’s very hot 3 US a metal cover for the front part of a car, covering the engine ć He lifted the hood This is trial version www.adultpdf.com Basic.fm Page 159 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM hoof 159 hood to see what was wrong with the motor hoof /hu f/ noun the part of the foot of a hoof horse, cow and many other animals (NOTE: The... hot /hɒt/ adjective 1 very warm; with a high temperature ć The weather is very hot in June, but August is the hottest horrible horrified horror horse hospital host hostage This is trial version www.adultpdf.com hot Basic.fm Page 160 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM hot dog 160 month ć If you’re too hot, take your coat off ć Plates should be kept hot before serving the meal ı heat 2 (of food ) full of... are not as important as other people ć Seeing how much work she does for charity makes me feel very humble (NOTE: humbler – humblest) humor / hju mə/ noun US spelling of This is trial version www.adultpdf.com humor humour Basic.fm Page 161 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM humorous 161 humorous / hju mərəs/ adjective funny in a quiet way, making people smile rather than laugh ć humorous stories ć Some... been destroyed of hang hungry / h ŋ ri/ adjective feeling that hyphen ry up with the food – we’re getting hungry humorous hungry hyphen / haf(ə)n/ noun a printing sign This is trial version www.adultpdf.com you need to eat ć You must be hungry after that game of football ć I’m not very hungry – I had a big lunch ć Hur- hyphen (-) used to show that two words are joined Basic.fm Page 162 Friday, January... illegally / li əli/ adverb in an illegal way illness / lnəs/ noun a medical condition which makes you unwell ć She develidle if ignorance ignorant ignore ill illegal illegally This is trial version www.adultpdf.com tifying – identified) illness Basic.fm Page 163 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM illustrate 163 oped a serious illness ć A lot of the staff are absent because of illness (NOTE: The plural is illnesses.)... report in advance imply /m pla/ verb to suggest something without saying it directly ć He imimmediately immoral impact impact impatience impatient impatiently implication This is trial version www.adultpdf.com imply Basic.fm Page 164 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM impolite 164 plied that he knew where the papers had been hidden ć The lawyer implied that the witness had not in fact seen the accident... (NOTE: The plural is inches With numbers inch is usually written with the symbol ": a 3½’’ disk; He is 5’ 9’’.; say: ‘a three and a half inch disk’, ‘He’s five foot nine’) This is trial version www.adultpdf.com Basic.fm Page 165 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM incident 165 incident / nsd(ə)nt/ noun 1 someincident thing which happens, especially something unpleasant ć Last year six hundred incidents... í adjective single, for a particular person ć We treat each individual case on its merits ć We provide each member of the tour group with an individual itinerary indeed This is trial version www.adultpdf.com indoor / ndɔ / adjective inside a buildindoor ing ć an indoor swimming pool Basic.fm Page 166 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM indoors 166 indoors /n dɔ z/ adverb inside a buildindoors ing ć... the contract to show that you have approved it? ć Please initial the agreeinform informal information informed infuriate ingenious ingredient inhabit inhabitant initial This is trial version www.adultpdf.com Basic.fm Page 167 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM initially 167 ment at the place marked with an X (NOTE: initials – initialling – initialled) initially / nʃ(ə)li/ adverb at the begininitially... May 25th ć All inquiries should be addressed to this department ć He made an inquiry about trains to Edinburgh (NOTE: also spelt enquiry insist inspect inspector install This is trial version www.adultpdf.com instance Basic.fm Page 168 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM instant 168 bullying in our local school ć In this instance, we will pay for the damage ȣ for instance as an example ć Why don’t you . making it easier for someone to do something ć People were calling for help from the ruins of the house. ć The nurses offered help to people injured in the accident. í verb to make it easier. an activity at school Basic.fm Page 149 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM This is trial version www.adultpdf.com H h h /etʃ/, H noun the eighth letter of the al- phabet, between G and I habit habit. other by the hand Basic.fm Page 150 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM This is trial version www.adultpdf.com handbag 151 hard 2. one of the two long parts on a clock which move round and show the time. The
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