Professional ASP.NET 3.5 in C# and Visual Basic Part 22 pps

Evjen c03.tex V2 - 01/28/2008 12:33pm Page 164 Chapter 3: ASP.NET Web Server Controls C# protected void HiddenField1_ValueChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) { // Handle event here } The ValueChanged event is triggered w hen the ASP.NET page is posted b ack to the server if the value of the HiddenField server control has changed since the last time the page was drawn. If the value has not changed, the method is never triggered. Therefore, the method is useful to act upon any changes to the HiddenField control — such as recording a value to the database or changing a value in the user’s profile. FileUpload Server Control In ASP.NET 1.0/1.1, you could upload files using the HTML FileUpload server control. This control put an < input type="file" > element on your Web page to enable the end user to upload files to the server. To use the file, however, you had to make a couple of modifications to the page. For example, you were required to add enctype="multipart/form-data" to the page’s < form > element. ASP.NET 2.0 introduced a new FileUpload server control that makes the process of uploading files to a server even simpler. When giving a page the capability to upload files, you simply include the new < asp:FileUpload > control and ASP.NET takes care of the rest, including adding the enctype attribute to the page’s < form > element. Uploading Files Using the FileUpload Control After the file is uploaded to the server, you can also take hold of the uploaded file’s properties and either display them to the end user or use these values yourself in your page’s code behind. Listing 3-34 shows an example of using the new FileUpload control. The page contains a single FileUpload control, plus a Button and a Label control. Listing 3-34: Uploading files using the new FileUpload control VB < %@ Page Language="VB"% > < script runat="server" > Protected Sub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) If FileUpload1.HasFile Then Try FileUpload1.SaveAs("C: \ Uploads \ "&_ FileUpload1.FileName) Label1.Text = "File name: " & _ FileUpload1.PostedFile.FileName & " < br > "&_ "File Size: " & _ FileUpload1.PostedFile.ContentLength & " kb < br > "&_ "Content type: " & _ FileUpload1.PostedFile.ContentType 164 Evjen c03.tex V2 - 01/28/2008 12:33pm Page 165 Chapter 3: ASP.NET Web Server Controls Catch ex As Exception Label1.Text = "ERROR: " & ex.Message.ToString() End Try Else Label1.Text = "You have not specified a file." End If End Sub < /script > < html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" > < head runat="server" > < title > FileUpload Server Control < /title > < /head > < body > < form id="form1" runat="server" > < asp:FileUpload ID="FileUpload1" runat="server" / > < p > < asp:Button ID="Button1" runat="server" Text="Upload" OnClick="Button1_Click" / >< /p > < p > < asp:Label ID="Label1" runat="server" >< /asp:Label >< /p > < /form > < /body > < /html > C# < %@ Page Language="C#"% > < script runat="server" > protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { if (FileUpload1.HasFile) try { FileUpload1.SaveAs("C: \\ Uploads \\ " + FileUpload1.FileName); Label1.Text = "File name: " + FileUpload1.PostedFile.FileName + " < br > "+ FileUpload1.PostedFile.ContentLength + " kb < br > "+ "Content type: " + FileUpload1.PostedFile.ContentType; } catch (Exception ex) { Label1.Text = "ERROR: " + ex.Message.ToString(); } else { Label1.Text = "You have not specified a file."; } } < /script > From this example, you can see that the entire process is rather simple. The single button on the page initiates the upload process. The FileUpload control itself does not initiate the uploading process. You must initiate it through another event such as Button_Click . 165 Evjen c03.tex V2 - 01/28/2008 12:33pm Page 166 Chapter 3: ASP.NET Web Server Controls When compiling and running this page, you may notice a few things in the generated source code of the page. An example of the generated source code is presented here: < html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" > < head id="Head1" >< title > FileUpload Server Control < /title >< /head > < body > < form name="form1" method="post" action="FileUpload.aspx" id="form1" enctype="multipart/form-data" > < div > < input type="hidden" name="__VIEWSTATE" id="__VIEWSTATE" value="/wEPDwUKMTI3ODM5MzQ0Mg9kFgICAw8WAh4HZW5jdHlwZQUTbXVsdGlwYXJ0L2Zvcm 0tZGF0YWRkrSpgAFaEKed5+5/8+zKglFfVLCE=" / > < /div > < input type="file" name="FileUpload1" id="FileUpload1" / > < p > < input type="submit" name="Button1" value="Upload" id="Button1" / >< /p > < p > < span id="Label1" >< /span >< /p > < div > < input type="hidden" name="__EVENTVALIDATION" id="__EVENTVALIDATION" value="/wEWAgL1wLWICAKM54rGBqfR8MhZIDWVowox+TUvybG5Xj0y" / > < /div >< /form > < /body > < /html > The first thing to notice is that because the FileUpload control is on the page, ASP.NET 3.5 modified the page’s < form > element on your behalf by adding the appropriate enctype attribute. Also notice that the FileUpload control was converted to an HTML < input type="file" > element. After the file is uploaded, the first check (done in the file’s Button1_Click event handler) examines whether a file reference was actually placed within the < input type="file" > element. If a file was specified, an attempt is made to upload the referenced file to the server using the SaveAs() method of the FileUpload control. That method takes a single String parameter, which should include the location where you want to save the file. In the String parameter used in Listing 3-34, you can see that the file is being saved to a folder called Uploads , which is located in the C: \ drive. The PostedFile.FileName attribute is used to give the saved file the same name as the file it was copied from. If you want to name the file something else, simply use the SaveAs() method in the following manner: FileUpload1.SaveAs("C: \ Uploads \ UploadedFile.txt") You could also give the file a name that specifies the time it was uploaded: FileUpload1.SaveAs("C: \ Uploads \ " & System.DateTime.Now.ToFileTimeUtc() & ".txt") After the upload is successfully completed, the Label control on the page is populated with metadata of the uploaded file. In the example, the file’s name, size, and content type are retrieved and displayed on 166 Evjen c03.tex V2 - 01/28/2008 12:33pm Page 167 Chapter 3: ASP.NET Web Server Controls the page for the end user. When the file is uploaded to t he server, the page generated is similar to that shown in Figure 3-37. Figure 3-37 Uploading files to another server can be an error-prone affair. It is vital to upload files in your code using proper exception handling. That is why the file in the example is uploaded using a Try Catch statement. Giving ASP.NET Proper Permissions to Upload Files You might receive errors when your end users upload files to your Web server through the FileUpload control in your application. These might occur because the destination folder on the server is not writable for the account used by ASP.NET. If ASP.NET is not enabled to write to the folder you want, you can enable it using the folder’s properties. First, right-click on the folder where the ASP.NET files should be uploaded and select Properties from the provided menu. The Properties dialog for the selected folder opens. Click the Security tab to make sure the ASP.NET Machine Account is included in the list and has the proper permissions to write to disk. If it is enabled, you see something similar to what is presented in Figure 3-38. If you do not see the ASP.NET Machine Account in the list of users allowed to access the folder, add ASP.NET by clicking the Add button and entering ASPNET (without the period) in the text area provided (see Figure 3-39). Click OK, and you can then click the appropriate check boxes to provide the permissions needed for your application. Understanding File Size Limitations Your end users might never encounter an issue with the file upload process in your application, but you should be aware that some limitations exist. When users work through the process of uploading files, a size restriction is actually sent to the server for uploading. The default size limitation is 4 MB (4096 KB); the transfer fails if a user tries to upload a file that is larger than 4096 KB. 167 Evjen c03.tex V2 - 01/28/2008 12:33pm Page 168 Chapter 3: ASP.NET Web Server Controls Figure 3-38 Figure 3-39 A size restriction protects your application. You want to prevent malicious users from uploading numer- ous large files to your Web server in an attempt to tie up all the available processes on the server. Such an occurrence is called a denial of service attack. It ties up the Web server’s resources so that legitimate users are denied responses from the server. 168 Evjen c03.tex V2 - 01/28/2008 12:33pm Page 169 Chapter 3: ASP.NET Web Server Controls One of the great things about .NET, however, is that it usually provides a way around limitations. You can usually change the default settings that are in place. To change the limit on the allowable upload file size, you make some changes in either the root web.config file (found in the ASP.NET 2.0 config- uration folder at C: \ WINDOWS \ Microsoft.NET \ Framework \ v2.0.50727 \ CONFIG ) or in your application’s web.config file. In the web.config file, you can create a node called < httpRuntime >. In this file, you apply the settings so that the default allowable file size is dictated by the actual request size permitted to the Web server (4096 KB). The < httpRuntime > section of the web.config.comments file is shown in Listing 3-35. Listing 3-35: Changing the file-size limitation setting in the web.config file < httpRuntime executionTimeout="110" maxRequestLength="4096" requestLengthDiskThreshold="80" useFullyQualifiedRedirectUrl="false" minFreeThreads="8" minLocalRequestFreeThreads="4" appRequestQueueLimit="5000" enableKernelOutputCache="true" enableVersionHeader="true" requireRootedSaveAsPath="true" enable="true" shutdownTimeout="90" delayNotificationTimeout="5" waitChangeNotification="0" maxWaitChangeNotification="0" enableHeaderChecking="true" sendCacheControlHeader="true" apartmentThreading="false" / > You can do a lot with the < httpRuntime > section of the web.config file, but two properties — the maxRe- questLength and executionTimeout properties — are especially interesting. The maxRequestLength property is the setting that dictates the size of the request made to the Web server. When you upload files, the file is included in the request; you alter the size allowed to be uploaded by changing the value of this property. The value presented is in kilobytes. To allow files larger than the default of 4 MB, change the maxRequestLength property as follows: maxRequestLength="11000" This example changes the maxRequestLength property’s value to 11,000 KB (around 10 MB). With this set- ting in place, your end users can upload 10 MB files to the server. When changing the maxRequestLength property, be aware of the setting provided for the executionTimeout property. This property sets the time (in seconds) for a request to attempt to execute to the server before ASP.NET shuts down the request (whether o r not it is finished). The default setting is 90 seconds. The end user receives a time- out error notification in the browser if the time limit is exceeded. If you are going to permit larger requests, remember that they take longer to execute than smaller ones. If you increase the size of the maxRequestLength property, you should examine whether to increase the executionTimeout property as well. 169 Evjen c03.tex V2 - 01/28/2008 12:33pm Page 170 Chapter 3: ASP.NET Web Server Controls If you are working with smaller files, it is advisable to reduce the size allotted for the request to the Web server by decreasing the value of the maxRequestLength property. This helps safeguard your application from a denial of service attack. Making these changes in the web.config file applies this setting to all the applications that are on the server. If you want to apply this only to the application you are working with, apply the < httpRuntime > node to the web.config file of your application, overriding any setting that is in the root web.config file. Make sure this node resides between the < system.web > nodes in the configuration file. Uploading Multiple Files from the Same Page So far, you have seen some good examples of how to upload a file to the server without much hassle. Now, look at how to upload multiple files to the server from a single page. No built-in capabilities in the Microsoft .NET Framework enable you to upload multiple files from a single ASP.NET page. With a little work, however, you can easily accomplish this task just as you would have in the p ast using .NET 1.x. The trick is to import the System.IO class into your ASP.NET page and then to use the HttpFileCollec- tion class to capture all the files that are sent in with the Request object. This approach enables you to upload as many files as you want from a single page. If you wanted to, you could simply handle each and every FileUpload control on the page individually, as shown in Listing 3-36. Listing 3-36: Handling each FileUpload control individually VB If FileUpload1.HasFile Then ’ Handle file End If If FileUpload2.HasFile Then ’ Handle file End If C# if (FileUpload1.HasFile) { // Handle file } if (FileUpload2.HasFile) { // Handle file } If you are working with a limited number of file upload boxes, this approach works; but at the same time you may, in certain cases, want to handle the files using the HttpFileCollection class. This is especially true if you are working with a dynamically generated list of server controls on your ASP .NET page. 170 Evjen c03.tex V2 - 01/28/2008 12:33pm Page 171 Chapter 3: ASP.NET Web Server Controls For an example of this, you can build an ASP.NET page that has three FileUpload controls and one Submit button ( using the Button control). After the user clicks the Submit button and the files are posted to the server, the code behind takes the files and saves them to a specific location on the server. After the files are saved, the file information that was posted is displayed in the ASP.NET page (see Listing 3-37). Listing 3-37: Uploading multiple files to the server VB Protected Sub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As Object, _ ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Dim filepath As String = "C: \ Uploads" Dim uploadedFiles As HttpFileCollection = Request.Files Dim i As Integer = 0 Do Until i = uploadedFiles.Count Dim userPostedFile As HttpPostedFile = uploadedFiles(i) Try If (userPostedFile.ContentLength > 0) Then Label1.Text += " < u > File #" & (i + 1) & " < /u >< br > " Label1.Text += "File Content Type: " & _ userPostedFile.ContentType & " < br > " Label1.Text += "File Size: " & _ userPostedFile.ContentLength & "kb < br > " Label1.Text += "File Name: " & _ userPostedFile.FileName & " < br > " userPostedFile.SaveAs(filepath & " \ "&_ System.IO.Path.GetFileName(userPostedFile.FileName)) Label1.Text += "Location where saved: " & _ filepath & " \ "&_ System.IO.Path.GetFileName(userPostedFile.FileName) & _ " < p > " End If Catch ex As Exception Label1.Text += "Error: < br > " & ex.Message End Try i+=1 Loop End Sub C# protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { string filepath = "C: \\ Uploads"; HttpFileCollection uploadedFiles = Request.Files; for (int i = 0; i < uploadedFiles.Count; i++) Continued 171 Evjen c03.tex V2 - 01/28/2008 12:33pm Page 172 Chapter 3: ASP.NET Web Server Controls { HttpPostedFile userPostedFile = uploadedFiles[i]; try { if (userPostedFile.ContentLength > 0) { Label1.Text += " < u > File #" + (i+1) + " < /u >< br > "; Label1.Text += "File Content Type: " + userPostedFile.ContentType + " < br > "; Label1.Text += "File Size: " + userPostedFile.ContentLength + "kb < br > "; Label1.Text += "File Name: " + userPostedFile.FileName + " < br > "; userPostedFile.SaveAs(filepath + " \\ "+ System.IO.Path.GetFileName(userPostedFile.FileName)); Label1.Text += "Location where saved: " + filepath + " \\ "+ System.IO.Path.GetFileName(userPostedFile.FileName) + " < p > "; } } catch (Exception Ex) { Label1.Text += "Error: < br > " + Ex.Message; } } } This ASP.NET page enables the end user to select up to three files and click the Upload Files button, which initializes the Button1_Click event. Using the HttpFileCollection class with the Request.Files property lets you gain control over all the files that are uploaded from the page. When the files are in this state, you can do whatever you want with them. In this case, the files’ properties are examined and written to the screen. In the end, the files are saved to the Uploads folder in the root directory of the server. The result of this action is illustrated in Figure 3-40. Placing the Uploaded File into a Stream Object One nice feature of the FileUpload control is that it not only gives you the capability to save the file to disk, but it also lets you place the contents of the file into a Stream object. You do this by using the FileContent property, as demonstrated in Listing 3-38. Listing 3-38: Uploading the file contents into a Stream object VB Dim myStream As System.IO.Stream myStream = FileUpload1.FileContent 172 Evjen c03.tex V2 - 01/28/2008 12:33pm Page 173 Chapter 3: ASP.NET Web Server Controls C# System.IO.Stream myStream; myStream = FileUpload1.FileContent; Figure 3-40 In this short example, an instance of the Stream object is created. Then, using the FileUpload control’s FileContent property, the content of t he uploaded file is placed into the object. This is possible because the FileContent property returns a Stream object. Moving File Contents from a Stream Object to a Byte Array Because you have the capability to move the file contents to a Stream object of some kind, it is also fairly simple to move the contents of the file to a Byte array (useful for such operations as placing files in a database of some kind). To do so, first move the file contents to a MemoryStream object and then convert the object to the necessary Byte array object. Listing 3-39 shows the process. 173 . a single page. If you wanted to, you could simply handle each and every FileUpload control on the page individually, as shown in Listing 3- 36. Listing 3- 36: Handling each FileUpload control individually VB If. The < httpRuntime > section of the web.config.comments file is shown in Listing 3- 35. Listing 3- 35: Changing the file-size limitation setting in the web.config file < httpRuntime executionTimeout="110" maxRequestLength="4096" requestLengthDiskThreshold="80" useFullyQualifiedRedirectUrl="false" minFreeThreads="8" minLocalRequestFreeThreads="4" appRequestQueueLimit=" ;50 00" enableKernelOutputCache="true" enableVersionHeader="true" requireRootedSaveAsPath="true" enable="true" shutdownTimeout="90" delayNotificationTimeout=" ;5& quot; waitChangeNotification="0" maxWaitChangeNotification="0" enableHeaderChecking="true" sendCacheControlHeader="true" apartmentThreading="false". Account in the list of users allowed to access the folder, add ASP. NET by clicking the Add button and entering ASPNET (without the period) in the text area provided (see Figure 3- 39). Click OK, and