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1JKLrQFӭXF{QJQJKӋ OjPNKX{Qÿ~F mүu chҧ\ÿӇ QkQJFDRKLӋu quҧ kinh tӃ Research on the lost wax process to enhance economic efficiency
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Trang 6ABSTRACT
This thesis aimed to investigate the effect of factors in the lost wax casting process in order to enhance economic efficiency
The drying process could reduce 24 hours in the lost wax casting
The new slurry could reduce layers of mold The analysis results show that it is possible to reduce 20 % to 26 % time in mold process
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1 7RVKLR1DNDQRYj)XPLR0RFKL]XNL>@SKiWWULӇn mӝWSKѭѫQJSKiSOjPNK{NKX{QEҵQJVyQJÿLӋn tӯ WURQJÿӃn 5 giӡ trRQJOzQXQJ5~WQJҳn thӡi gian bҵng FiFKVҩ\NKX{QVӁ giҧPFKLSKtVҧn xuҩWU~Wngҳn thӡLJLDQJLDRKjQJJLҧPFKLSKtQăQJOѭӧQJÿiSӭQJQKDQKJLDRKjQJNӏp thӡi
+uQK2.6 /zVҩ\NK{EҵQJVyQJÿLӋn tӯ
2 &KHQQDNHVDYj5HGG\Yj9650XUWL>@ÿmQJKLrQFӭXYҩQÿӅWKrPDPPRQLXPDFHWDWHOjPWăQJWӕFÿӝ KyDEӅn cӫa tӯng lӟSNKX{QWURQJP{LWUѭӡQJNK{QJNKtWӵ QKLrQ+LӋu quҧ U~WQJҳn thӡLJLDQOjPNK{PjNK{QJOjPJLҧPÿӝ bӅn NKX{Q
HuQK2.7 ҦQKKѭӣng thӡLJLDQ+uQK2.8 ҦQKKѭӣng % Ammonium acetate sҩ\ÿӃQÿӝ bӅQÿӃn thӡLJLDQKyDEӅQNKX{Q
Trang 193 0DVDVKL0DWVXXUDYj1REXKLUR0XNDLJDZDDQG.D]XQRUL2NDPRWR[2] ÿmQJKLrQFӭXWUӝQ$QWXNDYjRGXQJGӏFKKX\ӅQSKFyWKӇWKXÿѭӧFNKX{QFyÿӝEӅQFDRVDXTXiWUuQKVҩ\NK{ӣ0C
Bҧng 2.1 7KjQKSKҫn cӫa Antuka
+uQK2.9 KӃt quҧ WKtQJKLӋPÿӝ bӅQNKX{QNKLVҩy
4 5XSLQGHU6LQJKYj-DJGHHS6LQJK>@ÿmNKҧRViWҧQKKѭӣng cӫa yӃu tӕ KuQKGҥng, bӅ Gj\NKX{QYjQKLӋWÿӝ UyWÿӃn chҩWOѭӧng vұWÿ~F&iFYұWÿ~FNKҧRViWWURQJWKtnghiӋm gӗm ba loҥi vұt liӋXQK{PWKpSYjWKpSNK{QJJӍ
(%)
BӅ Gj\WKjQKNKX{Q (%)
NhiӋWÿӝ UyW (%)
Trang 205 Takeshi Takayanagi [4] ÿmQJKLrQFӭX bә sung chҩt hoҥWÿӝng bӅ mһt gӕc flo, EXPXFKLQRUH FyNKҧ QăQJOjPJLҧm sӭFFăQJEӅ mһt lӟQÿӕi vӟi dung dӏFK YjRdung dӏch huyӅQSKFҧi thiӋQÿiQJNӇ khҧ QăQJWKҩPѭӟt cho mүXViSYjFNJQJFyWiFGөng khӱ bӑWĈӝ ҭm cӫa hӛn hӧSNHRVLOLFDÿѭӧc cҧi thiӋQYjÿӝ EiPGtQKFӫa lӟp vӓ tҥo ra vӟi mүXViSFNJQJWăQJOrQÿiQJNӇ
N-2.1.3 4XLWUuQKÿ~FFKtQK[iFWҥLF{QJW\ :
+uQK2.10 4XLWUuQKÿ~FFKtQK[iFWҥLF{QJW\
.KX{QFyWӯ ÿӃn 9 lӟSQK~QJPӛi lӟSQK~QJFyWKӡLJLDQOjPNK{Wӯ KÿӃn 16 h ThӡLJLDQOjPNKX{Q Wӯ KÿӃQKW\WKHRNtFKWKѭӟFYjKuQKGҥng chi tiӃt
Thӡi gian OjPNKX{Q chiӃm tӯ 49 % ÿӃn 58 TXiWUuQKÿ~FFKtQK[iF
4XLWUuQKWҥRNKX{QWURQJTXiWUuQKÿ~FPүu chҧy tҥLF{QJW\FyWKӡLJLDQGjLQKҩt 2.2 KӃt luұn
4XDFiFEjLEiRQJKLrQFӭXWUrQWҥSFKtNKRDKӑFQѭӟFQJRjLÿmFyQKLӅXQJKLrQcӭXU~WQJҳn thӡLJLDQOjPNK{NKX{QEҵQJFiFKVҩ\NKX{Q%ӣLYuPӛi chi tiӃWFyKuQKGҥQJNKiFQKDXQrQWK{QJVӕ sҩy ҧQKKѭӣQJÿӃQNKX{QFNJQJNKiFQKDX9LӋc QJKLrQFӭXTXLWUuQKVҩy khu{Qÿӕi vӟi mӝt chi tiӃt cө thӇ Oj\rXFҫu rҩt thiӃt thӵc 1JKLrQFӭu trong luұQYăQQj\VӁ thӵc hiӋQÿLӅXÿy
7UrQWKӃ giӟLÿmFyFiFEiRFiRNKRDKӑFQJKLrQFӭXÿһFWtQKFӫa dung dӏch huyӅn SKNKLWKrPFiFFKҩt mӟi,vӟi mөFÿtFKWăQJÿӝ bӅQNKX{QWăQJNKҧ QăQJEiPGtQKFӫDViSYjGXQJGӏch huyӅQSK7X\QKLrQKLӋu quҧ kinh tӃ FKѭDFDRFKѭDWKӇ
Trang 21iSGөQJYjRP{KuQKVҧn xuҩt thӵc tӃ1JKLrQFӭu trong luұQYăQQj\VӁ QJKLrQcӭu dung dӏch huyӅQSKPӟLFyWKӇ WăQJÿӝ bӅQNKX{QQkQJFDRKLӋu quҧ kinh tӃFyWKӇ iSGөQJYjRTXLWUuQKVҧn xuҩt trong thӵc tӃ
Trang 223 &+ѬѪ1*&Ѫ6Ӣ /é/8Ұ19¬*,Ҧ THUYӂT KHOA HӐC 3.1 &ѫVӣ OêWKX\Ӄt qXLWUuQKF{QJQJKӋ ÿ~FPүu chҧy
+uQK3.1 4X\WUuQKWәQJTXiWÿ~FPүu chҧy
ChӃ tҥo mүXYjKӋ thӕQJUyWEҵng loҥi vұt liӋu dӉ chҧ\QKѭSDUDILQViSRQJ MүXQj\FyKuQKGiQJYjNtFKWKѭӟc cӫa vұWÿ~FÿmWKLӃt kӃ
Gҳn mүXYjKӋ thӕQJUyWWKjQKFKPPүu ChӃ tҥo huyӅQSKYjFKXҭn bӏ FiWUҳc chӏu nhiӋt
ChӃ tҥo lӟp vӓ mӓng tӯ huyӅQSKYjFiWFKӏu nhiӋt bҵQJFiFKQK~QJFKPPүu YjRGXQJGӏch huyӅQSKQKҩc ra khӓi huyӅQSKUҳFFiWNK{OrQEӅ mһt PүX.Rӗi ÿӇ NK{Wӵ QKLrQKRһc sҩ\NK{
ÿѭӧc lӟp vӓ ÿӫ bӅn
NhұQÿѭӧc NKX{QJӕm
Trang 23Sau khi lӟp phӫ ÿmNK{WiӃQKjQKOһp lҥLTXLWUuQKWUrQQKLӅu lҫQÿӇ tҥo lӟp vӓ rҳn FyFKLӅXGj\Wӯ PPÿӃQPP&iWPӏQÿѭӧc sӱ dөng cho lӟp phӫ EDQÿҫXÿӇ tҥo bӅ mһt vұWÿ~FWӕWKѫQWURQJTXiWUuQKÿ~FFiFOӟp tiӃp theo sӱ dөQJFiFKҥt lӟn KѫQYjQKҵPWăQJÿӝ Gj\Oӟp phӫ mӝt ciFKQKDQKFKyQJ
1XQJQyQJNKX{QWURQJWӯ 90 &ÿӃn 175 &WURQJYjLJLӡ ÿӇ OjPFKҧy hӃWViSWURQJNKX{QUDORҥi bӓ mүu ra khӓLNKX{QYӓ mӓng
TiӃQKjQKWKLrXNӃWNKX{Qӣ nhiӋWÿӝ tӯ 1050 & ÿӃn 1080 &5yWNLPORҥi lӓng YjRNKX{Q
Sau khi kim loҥLÿ{QJÿһFWKuSKiYӥ NKX{QOҩy vұWÿ~FUD
Trang 24VұWÿ~FFyEӅ mһt nhҹQEyQJYjFKtQK[iF
Ĉ~Fÿѭӧc vұWÿ~FFyKuQKGҥng phӭc tҥSNKLÿmWҥRÿѭӧc mүu
Ĉ~FPүu chҧ\WKѭӡQJGQJWURQJÿ~FPӻ thuұWFiFFKLWLӃWPi\FyNtFKWKѭӟc nhӓ KuQKGiQJSKӭc tҥSFyÿӝ FKtQK[iFFDRPj NK{QJFҫQJLDF{QJFѫNKtQKӳng chi tiӃWFyEӅ mһWÿҽp vӅ thҭm mӻFiFYұt liӋXNKyJLDF{QJ
Ĉӝ chҧ\ORmQJWӕWÿӇ ÿLӅQÿҫ\NKX{QpSYjFKҧ\WKRiWUDQJRjLYӓ mӓng khi nung 3.1.3.2 Vұt liӋXOjPPүXFyQKLӋWÿӝ chҧy thҩp
Vұt liӋu chӃ tҥo mүXOjSDUDILQVWHDULQ[HUH]LQFW\O[HQOXORViS WKDQQkX MүXÿѭӧc chӃ tҥRWUrQFѫVӣ cӫa parafin chiӃm tӯ 30% ÿӃn 70 YjFiFFKҩWFzQlҥi
Ĉѭӧc sӱ dөng rӝQJUmLFKӃ tҥRFiFFKLWLӃWNtFKWKѭӟc nhӓ bҵQJWKpS 1KѭӧFÿLӇm dӇ bӏ biӃn dҥng ӣ nhiӋWÿӝ SKzQJ
3.1.3.3 Vұt liӋXOjPPүXKzDWDQ
Tӵ KzDWDQNKLWLӃS[~FYӟLQѭӟc
7KjQKSKҫQFѫEҧQOjFDFEDPLWYӟi khoҧng tӯ 1% ÿӃn 2 % axit boric
MүXNK{QJEӏ FRNK{QJEӏ biӃn mӅPÿӝ FKtQK[iFFӫa mүXNKiFDRQKѭQJGӉ K~WҭPNKyWҥRFKPPүu
Trang 253.1.3.4 Vұt liӋXOjPPүXNKyFKҧy
MүXÿѭӧc chӃ tҥRWUrQ FѫVӣ tә hӧp cӫDFiFORҥi nhӵDFk\QKѭWQJEiFKWK{QJSRO\VW\UROYj[HUH]LQWURQJÿyQKӵDWK{QJOjWKjQKSKҫQFѫEҧn chiӃm tӯ 50 % ÿӃn 70 %
mһWÿҽp nhҹn
ChӃ tҥo phӭc tҥSÿӝ chҧ\ORmQJWKҩSNKyÿ~FPүu 3.1.4 ChӃ tҥRNKX{Q
3.1.4.1 Vұt liӋu chӏu lӱa :
Vұt liӋu chӏu lӱa chӫ yӃXKD\GQJOjFiWWKҥFKDQK&iWGQJWURQJÿ~FPүu chҧy FyKDLORҥi: dҥng bөLNtFKWKѭӟFPPGQJWҥo ra dung dӏch huyӅQSKPӏn, әn ÿӏQKYjGҥng hҥWFyNtFKWKѭӟc tӯ PPÿӃn 1.0 mm phӫ tҥo lӟp vӓ NKX{Q 3.1.4.2 Chҩt kӃWGtQK
7KѭӡQJGQJHW\OVLOLFDWKRһc thӫy tinh lӓng 1.Etylsilicat (C2H5O)2n+2SinOn-1
/jFKҩWGtQKKӳXFѫÿҳt tiӅQÿѭӧFGQJWURQJÿ~FPүX chҧ\Yjÿ~FWURQJNKX{QgӕPWKHRF{QJQJKӋ Shaw
Khi gһSQѭӟc etylsilicat bӏ thӫ\SKkQPӛLQKyPHW\OVӁ bӏ thay thӃ bҵng mӝWQKyPK\GUR[\O2+4XiWUuQKWKӫ\SKkQSKө thuӝFYjROѭӧQJQѭӟFFyWURQJGXQJGӏch,
ĈLӅu kiӋQÿӇ etylsilica thӫ\SKkQKRjQWRjQKD\Pӝt phҫn phө thuӝFYjROѭӧng QѭӟFFKRYjRGXQJGӏch khi thӫ\SKkQ&KҩWOѭӧng lӟp vӓ NKX{QWҥo ra tӯ huyӅn SKGRTXiWUuQKWKӫ\SKkQQj\FNJQJVӁ WKD\ÿәi phө thuӝFYjRKjPOѭӧQJQѭӟFÿy /ѭӧQJQѭӟFFKRYjRÿӇ thӫ\SKkQFyWKӇ WtQKWKHRF{QJWKӭc:
Trang 26D KjPOѭӧQJWURQJQKyPHW\OWURQJHW\OVLOLFDWWKӫ\SKkQ m (kg) : khӕLOѭӧng etylsilica
M :hӋ sӕ thӵc nghiӋm lҩ\W\WKXӝFYjROѭӧQJQKyPHW\OWURQJHW\OVLOLFDW
/jYұt liӋXQKyPVLOLFDWWDQ WURQJQѭӟFYjFyNKҧ QăQJFKX\Ӈn biӃn sol-gel-rҳQÿӇ OjPFKҩt kӃWGtQKNKLÿ~FPүu chҧy CҫQFK~êFiFWK{QJVӕ VDXÿk\
0{GXQ0
nhӡ FiFFKҩWFyWKDPJLDSKҧn ӭng vӟLFiFcҩu tӱ FyWURQJWKjQKSKҫn Muӕn giҧPP{GXQWKuFKR1D2+YjRWKӫy tinh lӓng
TӍ trӑng tӯ 1.5 g/cm3 ÿӃn 1.55 g/cm3
Trang 27
3.1.4.3 ChӃ tҥo dung dӏch huyӅQSK HuyӅQSKWUrQFѫVӣ etylsilicat:
&yKDLSKѭѫQJSKiSWKӫ\SKkQ WKӫ\SKkQULrQJELӋWYjWKӫ\SKkQNӃt hӧp
Thӫ\SKkQULrQJELӋt: thӫ\SKkQWUѭӟc khuҩy trӝn Sau khi kӃWWK~FTXiWUuQKWKӫy pKkQ FyWKӇ OjWKӫ\SKkQKRjQWRjQKRһc thӫ\SKkQPӝt phҫn) cho vұt liӋu dҥng bөLYjRGXQJGӏch thӫ\SKkQYjNKXҩ\ÿӅX7K{QJWKѭӡng huyӅQSKFyFKӭa 40 % ÿӃn 45 % etylsilicat thӫ\SKkQYjÿӃn 60 % bөi thҥch anh
Thӫ\SKkQNӃt hӧp : cho bөi thҥch anKFQJHW\OVLOLFDWYjRWKQJYjNKXҩ\ÿӅu &KRWKrPOѭӧQJQѭӟFWKHRWtQKWRiQ4XiWUuQKWKӫ\SKkQ[ҧ\UDWUrQEӅ mһWFiFhҥWFiWGRYұy tӕFÿӝ thӫ\SKkQWăQJQKDQKĈӝ bӅn cӫa vӓ NKX{QWKHRSKѭѫQJSKiSWKӫ\SKkQNӃt hӧp bӅQKѫQUҩt nhiӅu, gҩp 2 lҫQÿӃn 3 lҫn so vӟi thӫ\SKkQULrQJELӋWQKѭQJKӛn hӧp lҥLFyWXәi bӅn ngҳQKѫQ
HuyӅQSKWUrQFѫVӣ hӛn hӧp thӫy tinh lӓng:
'QJNKRҧng 50 % thӫy tinh lӓQJFyWKjQKSKҫQÿmQrXWUrQFQJYӟi 50 % bөi thҥch anh khuҩ\ÿӅXÿӇ chӃ tҥo huyӅQSK7X\QKLrQtWNKLVӱ dөQJÿѫQWKXҫn huyӅQSKWUrQFѫVӣ thӫy tinh lӓQJYuKX\ӅQSKWKӫy tinh lӓQJOjPFKRYұWÿ~FFybӅ mһt xҩX1JѭӡLWDGQJNӃt hӧp hai loҥi huyӅQSK KDLOӟSÿҫXGQJKX\Ӆn SKHW\OVLOLFDWFiFOӟSFzQOҥLGQJKX\ӅQSKWKӫy tinh lӓQJĈӝ co cӫa huyӅn SKthӫy tinh lӓng lӟQKѫQUҩt nhiӅu so vӟi huyӅQSKHW\OVLOLFDWQrQFKӍ ÿѭӧFiSGөng huyӅQSKNӃt hӧp cho nhӳng vұWÿ~FQKӓÿѫQJLҧn
Trang 28NK{QJNKtKRһc trong luӗQJNKtFyDPRQLDFÿӇ lӟp vӓ ÿ{QJFӭng Thӡi gian sҩy mүXWURQJP{LWUѭӡQJFyDQRPLDFNKRҧQJSK~WÿӃQSK~WWURQJNK{QJNKtWKuFyWKӇ 1 giӡ hoһc hѫQQӳa LһSODLTXLWUuQKWUrQWӯ 4 lҫQÿӃn 8 lҫQWKHRQJX\rQtҳFFjQJYӅ VDXÿӝ hҥt cӫDFiWSKӫ FjQJOӟn ViӋc tҥo vӓ cӭng dӯng lҥLNKLÿmWҥo ÿѭӧc lӟp vӓ Gj\FKӯQJPPÿӃQPPW\WKXӝFYjRNtFKWKѭӟc vұWÿ~F 3.1.4.5 Nҩu chҧy mүXViS
ĈӇ OjPFKRPүu chҧy ra khӓLNKX{QYӓ mӓQJFyWKӇ GQJFiFFiFKVDXÿk\ 1.Luӝc mүXWURQJQѭӟFV{Lÿӕi vӟi mүXFyQKLӋWÿӝ QyQJFKҧy thҩp 2.ThәLGzQJNK{QJNKtQyQJYjRPүu vӟi mүXFyQKLӋWÿӝ QyQJFKҧy cao 1JkPPүXWURQJQѭӟc vӟi mүXWDQWURQJQѭӟc
3KѭѫQJSKiSOXӝc mүXWURQJQѭӟFV{LFyѭXÿLӇPOjPүXQyQJFKҧ\QKDQKÿӅu, FiFEӝ phұQNKiFFӫa mүXNK{QJEӏ QXQJTXiQKLӋWQrQNK{QJJLmQQӣ thӇ WtFKPҩt PiWPүXtWYұt liӋXOjPPүXFyWKӇ ÿѭӧc thu hӗLWiLVӱ dөQJ7X\QKLrQSKѭѫQJSKiSQj\GӉ lүn tҥp chҩWGRNKX{QUѫLrөng ra NӃXNKX{Qÿѭӧc chӃ tҥo tӯ huyӅn SKWKӫy tinh lӓQJWKuQrQVӱ dөQJSKѭѫQJSKiSWKәLKѫLQyQJ
3KѭѫQJSKiSWKәLKѫLQyQJWKѭӡQJGQJKѫLFyQKLӋWÿӝ rҩWFDRFDRKѫQQKLӋWÿӝ QyQJFKҧy cӫa mүu Khi nung chұm, mүu bҳWÿҫu chҧ\QJD\NKLÿҥt nhiӋWÿӝ Yjphҫn lӟn khӕi mүXÿӅXWăQJWKӇ WtFKTXDTXiQKLӋWNKX{QGӉ bӏ nӭW7URQJSKѭѫQJSKiSQj\Oѭӧng mҩWPiWYұt liӋXOjPPүXNKiOӟQNKyWKXKӗLÿѭӧc
3.1.4.6 7KLrXNӃWNKX{Q
Sau khi mүXÿѭӧc loҥi khӓLNKX{QNKX{Qÿѭӧc nung tӯ 900 o&ÿӃn 1050 o&ÿӇ cho chҩt tҥo mүXFzQGtQKEiPWURQJNKX{QFKi\KӃWYjKuQKWKjQKPӝt lӟSOiQJWUrQEӅ mһWNKX{Q0һWNKiFGѭӟLWiFGөng cӫa nhiӋWÿӝ FDRFiFFҩu tӱ cӫDNKX{QWKLrXNӃt lҥLYjWҥRÿӝ bӅQFKRNKX{QĈӇ WăQJÿӝ bӅn cӫDNKX{QWURQJNKLUyWFythӇ FKqQNKX{QWURQJKzPEҵng vұt liӋXFiWNK{QJFKҩWGtQK7X\QKLrQNKLGQJlӟSÿӋPWKuWKӡLJLDQQXQJNKX{QVӁ WăQJOrQQKLӅXNpRGjL KÿӃn 20 h giӡ do FiWFyKӋ sӕ dҭn nhiӋt thҩp TӕFÿӝ QXQJNKX{QSKҧLÿҧm bҧo hӧSOêÿӇ NK{QJKuQK
JLDQKÿӃn 3 h
Trang 293.1.4.7 5yWNLPORҥLYjRNKX{QYjOjPVҥch vұWÿ~F
5yWNKX{QQJD\VDXNKLOҩ\NKX{QUDNKӓLOzQXQJFyQKLӋWÿӝ FDR'RÿһFÿLӇm cӫDÿ~FPүu chҧ\OjFKLWLӃt nhӓ WKjQKPӓQJQrQNLPORҥi lӓng phҧLÿѭӧFQkQJnhiӋt cao, gҥt xӍ triӋWÿӇ GҫXUyWÿѭӧFÿҳp ,nӋQYjVҩy tӕWÿӇ chӕng tҥo xӍ ,tҥRKѫLWURQJTXiWUuQKUyW
Sau khi dӥ NKX{QYjÿұp bӓ hӋ thӕQJUyWOjPVҥch vұWÿ~FEҵng tay hoһc phun bi NӃu chi tiӃt cҫn nhiӋt luyӋQWKuFҫQOjPVҥch lӟp vӓ R[LWEiPWUrQEӅ mһW/jPVҥch FiFORҥi vұt liӋu gӕPFzQGtQKWUrQEӅ mһt cӫa chi tiӃt bҵQJFiFKQK~QJWRjQEӝ chi tiӃWYjRGXQJGӏch kiӅm hoһc kiӅm nung chҧ\7K{QJWKѭӡQJKD\GQJGXQJGӏch
K2SiO3 WiFKNKӓi bӅ mһt vұWÿ~FFKLWLӃWFyEӅ mһt sҥch SiO2 + 2KOH = K2SiO3 + H2O 3.2 &ѫVӣ OêWKX\Ӄt qXLWUuQKVҩy
Sҩ\OjTXiWUuQKOjPEӕFKѫLQѭӟc ra khӓi vұt liӋXGѭӟLWiFGөng cӫa nhiӋt 7URQJTXiWUuQKVҩ\QѭӟFÿѭӧFWiFKUDNKӓi vұt liӋu nhӡ sӵ khuӃFKWiQGR
&KrQKOӋFKÿӝ ҭm giӳa bӅ mһWYjErQWURQJYұt liӋu
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