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sơ lược khái quát về vi khuẩn................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
ĐẠI CƯƠNG VỊ KHUẨN SO’ LUOC LICH SU’ PHAT TRIEN ra> a Edward Jenner (1749-1823) Antonie Philips Van Leeuwenhoek (1632 - 1723) SO’ LUOC LICH SU’ PHAT TRIEN ~ Louis Pasteur (1822 — 1895) Alexandre Emile Jean Yersin (1863-1943) SO’ LUOC LICH SU’ PHAT TRIEN Robert Heinrich Herman Koch (1843 — 1910) Dmitri losifovich Ivanovsky (1864-1920) ĐỐI TƯƠNG NGHIÊN CỨU Vi sinh vat hoc (Microbiology): Vi sinh vat y hoc (Medical Microbiology) môn học chuyên nghiên cứu vi sinh vật gây ảnh hưởng tới sức khỏe người (có lợi có hại) MOT SO BAC DIEM CUA VI SINH VAT Ì Kích thước nhỏ bé Chuyển hóa nhanh hấp thu nhiều Sinh trưởng nhanh triển mạnh Thích ứng mạnh Dé dang bién di Ố Nhiều chủng loại phân bố rộng Ï = Đốt cháy z "` y Thuc vat, tao Vị khuân có màu \ I Quang hợp Hô hấp của| | Hô hấp = thực vật || động vật Nhiên liệu > hóa, thạch: ZN ANT pyruvot aa - Khde: déc t6, khang sinh, sac t6, vitamin, gây sOt SINH LY CUA VI KHUAN: fermentation (organic final hydrogen acceptor) ATP + acids, alcohols, etc (‘incomplete breakdown products) | glucose | ——)>| pyruvate |"——>| acelyCoA | ——,>) TCA eydle electron transport ‘ system oxygen inorganic final other inorganic compound (e.9., NO,, SO, etc.) hydrogen acceptor 38 ATP + CO, + H,0 aerobic respiration 34 ATP + NH, +H,S, etc anaerobic respiration SINH LY CUA VI KHUAN: H6 hap: - Hiếu khí (oxy hóa} - KV khí - Hiếu ky khí tùy ngộ ® Biểu đồ triển vi khuẩn Stationary phase om O Death — a v (decline) Log ` am (exponential) O phase , ov E A =< Lag phase Time Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings phase BI TRUYEN CUA VI KHUAN: direct repair UV radiation IIIIIHIIIH pyrimidine dimer HH TEED TAGCCAATGCATC TAGCCAATGCATC normal DNA molecule damaged DNA molecule photoreactivating enzyme TEEPE TAGCCAATGCATC repaired DNA molecule excision repair —_“~1 Ta Tn © transducing phage containing donor genomic DNA — bacterial chromosome @ generalized lysogenic cell inexact prophage containing prophage _=_ induction on chromosome prophage virus infects new cell: bacterial DNA integrates into recipient DNA cell lysis: viruses released (containing genomic DNA near integration site) transduction virus infects new cell: bacterial DNA integrates into recipient chromosome EG» specialized transduction conjugation genomic ® Tiếp hợp Te plasmid transfer: conjugative plasmids cross cytoplasmic bridge and enter recipient cell FY + donor cell STS F plasmid DNA genomic DNA recipient chromosomal transfer: an integrated plasmid {episome) can cause high frequency transfer of genomic DNA which : integrates into the recipient cell's DNA DNA BI TRUYEN CUA VI KHUAN: @ Transposition insertion sequences (genes encoding only transposition) foreign DNA plasmid inverted repeat ends cleavage site for endonuclease (restriction enzyme) ~^~— DNA strand Bˆ gene #4 gene cleavage Site —— | — IS B composite transposon ~—— ca.2-50kb chromosomal genes —> Genomic (pathogenicity) islands Genomic (pathogenicity) islands gene forS% antibiotic resistance DNA cut by endonuclease GE SẼ chromosomal genes cleavage Site