CATEGORY 1. PREAMBLE 2 2. THE IMPACT OF POPULATION 3 2.1 Status of the populatine in Korea 3 2.1.1 Status of old issues of population culture 3 2.1.2 The causes 7 2.2 Status of the population in Japan 9 2.2.1 Status of old issues of population culture 9 2.2.2 Causes 14 2.2.3 The consequences: 16 2.2.4 Solution: 17 2.3 Status of the population in Viet Nam. 18 2.3.1 Current situation of Vietnams population. 18 2.3.2 Level of aging of Vietnam population now. 18 3. LESSONS LEARNED AND SOLOUTION TO THE OLD PROBLEM OF POPULATION CULTURE IN VIETNAM 18 3.1 Health care combined with the promotion of the role of the elderly in society 18 3.2 Eased family planning policies in a consistent way according to each region on the country 19 REFERENVE 22 1.PREAMBLE Chemical and old population is one of the biggest demographic change in the world today. On average for a twosecond step into the age of 60, nine people are from 60 years of age. Vietnam entered the old stage from the year 2011 goods and there are about 10 million seniors, accounting for 11% of the population. The forecast to the year 2030, the proportion of elderly people of our country is 17% and 20 years after reaching 25%. According to the regulation on the demographics of the world, the elderly population of the chemistry phase of an economy is when groups of population from 60 years accounted for 10%. When groups of population from 60 year of age constitute 20% of the total population of considered period the population grew older. The developed economies must take several decades, even centuries to move from the stage of elderly population of elderly population phase. For example Australia lost 73 years, America is 69 years, Canada 65 years to step on to the stage of the elderly population. Meanwhile Vietnam lost only 22 years to officially entered the stage of elderly population, Dr. Nguyen Van Tan, Deputy Director in charge Of the Bureau of the populationfamily planning, said at the seminar on chemical and old population took place in Hanoi on 17187. Chemical and old population is typical of the high income countries, not in low income countries. Vietnams average income countries but has entered the stage of the old culture of the population with very fast speed , Mr Tan said. The World Bank representative also stressed: the history of the country shows the population getting older when rich was also Vietnams different. Vietnams population is rapidly greying but low income levels than most countries have a population of current and old . The cause of this situation is the increasing life expectancy while birth rate and death rate reduced. This situation not only brings many opportunities for economic and social development but also poses many challenges for the related policy work of elderly health care. the Philippines needs to know to learn from the experience of Japan and South Korea to be able to overcome this serious problem 2.THE IMPACT OF POPULATION 2.1Status of the populatine in Korea 2.1.1Status of old issues of population culture South Korea is a country in East Asia, located in the southern half of the Korean peninsula. The capital of South Korea is Seoul, the fourth largest urban centre in the world, a global city is important. The South Korean economy is the economy development, ranked fourth in Asia and 11th in the world by GDP in 2016, South Korea is a developed country that has the fastest economic growth rate of GDP growth of 5% per year. In terms of population, as of the present time, the population of South Korea is more than 50.9 million, largely homogenous about the language and culture of which Korean people constitute the majority, the only ethnic minority is a small Division of Chinese descent but after the crisis the Asian financial crisis in 1997, South Korea soon overcome the crisis so has attracted a large amount of labor from Asia as well as Africa and the water poured on here looking for work, on the contrary there are many Koreans living in the country In addition. The present population of Korea accounted for 0.67% of the world population, the population density is 524 inhabitantskm2 , with a total area of 97.235 km2 . The median age is 41 years old in Korea and South Korea are ranked 27th in the world in population and the territories. Population structure by age of South Korea until the beginning of the year 2017 is the following: population under the age of 15 accounted for 15.7%, including 7,931,006 youth in which male and female 3,794,235 4,136,770. Population aged 1564 years old accounted for 72.9% consisted of 36,949,203 people, including 18,864,260 malefemale 18,084,942. The population is aged over 64 years old accounted for 11.4% had 5,790,668 inhabitants, of which 2,348,595 malefemale 3.442.073. Including the percentage of the population depends (the ratio of people who cannot afford labor on the labor force of a nation) is 37.1%. Some of the indicators of the population of South Korea through the years: In Population % change The average age Birth rate % urban population Class 2017 50,704,971 0.40 41.10 1.27 81.90 27 2016 50,503,933 0.42 41.10 1.27 81.70 27 2015 50,293,439 0.49 41.00 1.26 81.60 27 2010 49,090,041 0.62 38.00 1.23 80.90 26 2005 47,605,863 0.60 35.00 1.22 80.40 26 2000 46,206,271 0.69 32.00 1.51 79.20 26 Danso.org Forecasting the population of South Korea in the future: In Population % change The average age Birth rate % urban population Class 2020 51,251,486 0.38 43.00 1.33 82.30 28 2030 52,518,581 0.21 48.00 1.45 84.00 32 2040 52,397,893 0.12 51.00 1.54 85.90 35 2050 50,593,094 0.41 54.00 1.60 88.40 39 Danso.org According to many studies, the Koreans are is one of the countries that are faced with serious chemistry and old problems when the rate of natural population growth reductions over the years. According to United Nations figures, the rate of population increase over a number of years is demonstrated by the following chart: danso.org Can see the rate of natural population growth in South Korea are showing signs of decline over the years. Specifically from the period from 20002017 this rate declined 0.25 percent. In that group of the population under the age of 15 tend to narrow gradually. The total population in this age is 6,916,147 people, dropped down to 7 million at the end of the year 2015, namely the proportion of the population under 15 years of age at the beginning of the year 2017 accounted for 15.7%. With the declining this under much speculation offered up to the year 2026 South Korea will become a super old and this certainly will cause economic and social difficulties seriously for South Korea in the XXI century , the difficulties that including the cost of providing welfare services for the elderly and the relative decrease in the labor force. Meanwhile, along with the increasing birth rate decline is caused of elderly growing fast in South Korea. As of the beginning of the year 2017 South Korean users have exceeded 64 is 11.4% and estimates to the year 2060 that number would be about 40%. What this mean is that southkorea is changing from an old society for one Super old society. Old speed turns as fast if not controlled will become serious. Elderly population will undermine the national economy and reduce economic growth. 2.1.2The causes What makes South Korea became one nation has turned the old speed so serious? The first is the fertility rate in South Korea plunged. The birth rate in South Korea has been in serious decline from 2.23% in 1985 to 1.23% in 2010. Before the severe slump that thanks to some policies of the Government of South Korea has increased the birth rate up 1.27% in 2017. However this low birth rate while the average life expectancy in South Korea are on the rise. One cause of this condition is the Korean youth increasingly unwilling with the marriage. According to the survey by the Korea Research Center, Research Institute for Northeast Asia in 2916 61.1% South Korea has said that marriage is the negative, in which women have negative thoughts than the 72.1% of Korean women that married or not all right. Through the survey, the near 50% of men have not married in South Korea believe that the causes leading to low birth rate is the economic instability and difficulties in employment. And Yes to 65.2% of Koreans answered that they feel the burden. In addition, the already married couples they also said that should not bear children by economic pressure, while the South Korean woman has yet to create the best working environment after the pregnancy by the intensity of the work at the enterprises of South Korea is extremely long and hard to fit working woman who has just spent the time to take care of the family. The second is the increase of the elderly population. The population over the age of 64 accounted for 11.4% of the rate depends is 15.7% and life expectancy in South Korea until the year 2017 is 82.2 years, much higher than the worlds average lifespan (71 years). And a more serious problem is that the rate of poverty of the elderly citizenry. The number of elderly people is rising but part of that income is lower than the minimum cost level for life. This increases the burden on him for the social group of people in the working age. And according to the forecasts if the birth rate continues as at present, then in the future, South Korea will become old people lived in the world, with the average age of women reaching the age of men also reached 90.8 is 84 years old. Old chemical consequences of the population in Korea Old chemical condition of the population along with many other factors are making the program economic reform difficulties, the economy lost vitality when the population in age from 3040 is the object of production and consumption the most rapid decrease in positive prevention, consumer and industrial markets South Korea changed over, not enough labor force , the company will not invest more for production activities, thereby influencing growth. The countrys growth has decreased to about 2.8% in recent years and If the population in working age continues downward trend as today, after 20 years, in the year 2037, the rate of economic growth in South Korea is analyzed as will fall to 0% threshold. In particular, the population problem aggravated in the industry will be the proportion of young workers such as information technology (IT), healthcare, software developer. The burden of care for the elderly has also become more serious. According to statistics of the Organization for economic cooperation and development (OECD), in the year 2015, just 5.1 people in working age of South Korea are to serve nursing 1 old people. However, by the year 2075, this rate will decrease to 1.25 people in working age serve nursing 1 elderly Elderly population issue culture will also augment the burden for pension fund and medical insurance. According to the report, the current health insurance only expected about 25 trillion won, equivalent to 25 billion u.s. dollars, will be able to double as 54 trillion won in the year 2020. The national retirement fund currently occupies about 53.2% of GDP is expected to exceed GDP in 2025 and increase to about 1.7 times of the GDP in 2070, the national retirement fund (NPS) are forecast to exhaust the funds in the year 2060 when people played less go and get the money back. The extent of the Governments monthly pension is not enough to pay for the increasingly expensive lives and forcing the elderly South Korea must do more to survival. In contrast, the number of people over the age of 18 (start study) rising from the current 610,000 to about 400,000 people in the year 2037 though intake was still maintained at 560,000 people. We cannot close the door to many universities. Instead, the University can be remodelled into educational center for people over the age of 40 and 50 Lesson: Withdrawal. Because of the consequences on the population of old goods are sometimes referred to as a time bomb. This phenomenon will become more serious in the next few decades, but these efforts need now to prepare for. The Government should set up a social security network to ensure health care are elderly people, who have no stable source of income. The Government also needs to create the environment for the elderly citizens can get the job done easily so they can earn money and pay for their own lives. In addition, the Government should also help the young workers can prepare better for themselves in retirement. 2.2Status of the population in Japan 2.2.1Status of old issues of population culture In Population Under 15 years Over 65 years 2017 126,045,211 12.7% 27.2% 2016 126,994,510 12.94% 26.56% 2015 127,141,000 12.99% 26.02% 2014 127,276,000 13.06% 25.35% 2013 127,445,000 13.15% 24.63% 2012 127,629,000 13.23% 23.88% (Source: World bank) According to a report of the Ministry of the Interior Statistics Bureau and media Japan Population Population of Japan as of October 1st the year 2015 is 127,094,745 inhabitants, rising 962,607 (0.8%) compared to the year 2010, 0.15% per year. It was the first reduction since the total population census to be started in 1920. By gender, men and women turn is 61,841,738 and 65,253,007 and sex ratio was 94.8. The population of Japan is 124,283,901 (98.6% of the total population), 1,074,953 (0.9%) decrease compared to the year 2010, i.e. 0.17% per year. The population of foreigners living in Japan are usually 1,752,368 people (accounting for 1.4% of the population), up from 104.331 (6.3%) in 2010, equivalent to 1.24% per year. Of the 47 districts, the population increase in 8 districts (Okinawaken is the highest growth rate 2.9%, followed by Tokyo2.7%, Saitamaken and Aichiken 1.0%), while it decreased in 39 districts. Some 1,719 municipality, population fell 1,419 municipality (82.5% of the municipality). Population by age group Population under age 15 is 15,886,810 (12.6% of the population), those from 15 to 64 years is 76,288,736 (60.7%), and those from 65 years (26.6%) 3465,441, 3. The proportion of the population under age 15 is the lowest, and the population from 65 years and older is the highest Total since the census began in 1920. The proportion of the population under 15 years of age is the lowest in the world and of the population from 65 years and older is the highest in the world. According to the Ministry of service, the population may Japanese 1102016 (including foreigners) is 126,933,000 inhabitants, rising 162,000 people compared to the year 2015. This is the eighth year in a row Japans population decreased, and the reduction of 1.1 million people compared to the year 2008 when Japans population reached the highest threshold. If only the Japanese, the figure is 125,020,000 inhabitants, rising 0.24 percent compared to the year 2015. Reduced levels of natural population (the disparity between the number of births and deaths) reached the highest level since statistics began in 1950 as 286,000 inhabitants. The natural population decrease took 10 consecutive years since the year 2007. In 1 year, the number of children born about 1,004,000 who, while the death toll is 1.3 million people. The number of men in natural reduction in 12 years, females reduce naturally 8 consecutive years. The trend of the population decrease, elderly, little kids are continuing to take place 1. Japans population is very strong when the average life expectancy of people remains steady and very old percentage increases (see Figure 1.2).
TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC NGÂN HÀNG TP HỒ CHÍ MINH LỚP D05 TIỂU LUẬN MÔN KINH TẾ PHÁT TRIỂN SOLUTION FOR POPULATION IN VIETNAM CATEGORY PREAMBLE 2 THE IMPACT OF POPULATION 2.1 Status of the populatine in Korea 2.1.1 Status of old issues of population culture 2.1.2 The causes 2.2 Status of the population in Japan 2.2.1 Status of old issues of population culture 2.2.2 Causes 14 2.2.3 The consequences: 16 2.2.4 Solution: 17 2.3 Status of the population in Viet Nam 18 2.3.1 Current situation of Vietnam's population .18 2.3.2 Level of aging of Vietnam population now .18 LESSONS LEARNED AND SOLOUTION TO THE OLD PROBLEM OF POPULATION CULTURE IN VIETNAM 18 3.1 Health care combined with the promotion of the role of the elderly in society 18 3.2 Eased family planning policies in a consistent way according to each region on the country 19 REFERENVE 22 PREAMBLE Chemical and old population is one of the biggest demographic change in the world today On average for a two-second step into the age of 60, nine people are from 60 years of age Vietnam entered the old stage from the year 2011 goods and there are about 10 million seniors, accounting for 11% of the population The forecast to the year 2030, the proportion of elderly people of our country is 17% and 20 years after reaching 25% According to the regulation on the demographics of the world, the elderly population of the chemistry phase of an economy is when groups of population from 60 years accounted for 10% When groups of population from 60 year of age constitute 20% of the total population of considered period the population grew older The developed economies must take several decades, even centuries to move from the stage of elderly population of elderly population phase For example Australia lost 73 years, America is 69 years, Canada 65 years to step on to the stage of the elderly population Meanwhile Vietnam lost only 22 years to officially entered the stage of elderly population, Dr Nguyen Van Tan, Deputy Director in charge Of the Bureau of the population-family planning, said at the seminar on chemical and old population took place in Hanoi on 17-18/7 "Chemical and old population is typical of the high income countries, not in low income countries Vietnam's average income countries but has entered the stage of the old culture of the population with very fast speed ", Mr Tan said The World Bank representative also stressed: "the history of the country shows the population getting older when rich was also Vietnam's different Vietnam's population is rapidly greying but low income levels than most countries have a population of current and old " The cause of this situation is the increasing life expectancy while birth rate and death rate reduced This situation not only brings many opportunities for economic and social development but also poses many challenges for the related policy work of elderly health care the Philippines needs to know to learn from the experience of Japan and South Korea to be able to overcome this serious problem THE IMPACT OF POPULATION 2.1 Status of the populatine in Korea 2.1.1 Status of old issues of population culture South Korea is a country in East Asia, located in the southern half of the Korean peninsula The capital of South Korea is Seoul, the fourth largest urban centre in the world, a global city is important The South Korean economy is the economy development, ranked fourth in Asia and 11th in the world by GDP in 2016, South Korea is a developed country that has the fastest economic growth rate of GDP growth of 5% per year In terms of population, as of the present time, the population of South Korea is more than 50.9 million, largely homogenous about the language and culture of which Korean people constitute the majority, the only ethnic minority is a small Division of Chinese descent but after the crisis the Asian financial crisis in 1997, South Korea soon overcome the crisis so has attracted a large amount of labor from Asia as well as Africa and the water poured on here looking for work, on the contrary there are many Koreans living in the country In addition The present population of Korea accounted for 0.67% of the world population, the population density is 524 inhabitants/km2 , with a total area of 97.235 km2 The median age is 41 years old in Korea and South Korea are ranked 27th in the world in population and the territories Population structure by age of South Korea until the beginning of the year 2017 is the following: population under the age of 15 accounted for 15.7%, including 7,931,006 youth in which male and female 3,794,235 4,136,770 Population aged 15-64 years old accounted for 72.9% consisted of 36,949,203 people, including 18,864,260 male/female 18,084,942 The population is aged over 64 years old accounted for 11.4% had 5,790,668 inhabitants, of which 2,348,595 male/female 3.442.073 Including the percentage of the population depends (the ratio of people who cannot afford labor on the labor force of a nation) is 37.1% Some of the indicators of the population of South Korea through the years: In Populatio n 201 50,704,9 71 201 50,503,9 201 0 0.6 47,605,8 63 0.6 46,206,2 71 0 27 81.6 27 80.9 26 80.4 26 79.2 26 1.5 81.7 1.2 32.0 27 1.2 35.0 0.6 1.2 38.0 81.9 0 1.2 41.0 Cla ss % urban population 1.2 Birt h rate 41.1 0.4 49,090,0 200 41 41.1 0.4 50,293,4 200 0.4 39 201 The average age 33 % change Danso.org Forecasting the population of South Korea in the future: In Populati on 20 20 51,251,4 86 20 30 52,518,5 20 20 50 52,397,8 50,593,0 94 48 0.41 1.4 51 28 84 32 85 35 88 39 90 1.6 82 00 1.5 54 00 Cla ss 30 00 % urban population 1.3 00 0.12 Bir th rate 43 00 21 93 The average age 38 81 40 % change 40 Danso.org According to many studies, the Koreans are is one of the countries that are faced with serious chemistry and old problems when the rate of natural population growth reductions over the years According to United Nations figures, the rate of population increase over a number of years is demonstrated by the following chart: Biểu đồ tốc độ gia tăng dân số Hàn Quốc 0.7 0.65 0.6 0.6 0.58 Tỷ lệ % 0.5 0.44 0.42 0.4 2016 2017 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 2000 2005 2010 2015 Năm danso.org Can see the rate of natural population growth in South Korea are showing signs of decline over the years Specifically from the period from 2000-2017 this rate declined 0.25 percent In that group of the population under the age of 15 tend to narrow gradually The total population in this age is 6,916,147 people, dropped down to million at the end of the year 2015, namely the proportion of the population under 15 years of age at the beginning of the year 2017 accounted for 15.7% With the declining this under much speculation offered up to the year 2026 South Korea will become a super old and this certainly will cause economic and social difficulties seriously for South Korea in the XXI century , the difficulties that including the cost of providing welfare services for the elderly and the relative decrease in the labor force Meanwhile, along with the increasing birth rate decline is caused of elderly growing fast in South Korea As of the beginning of the year 2017 South Korean users have exceeded 64 is 11.4% and estimates to the year 2060 that number would be about 40% Biểu đồ tỷ lệ dân số 65 tuổi Hàn Quốc 45 41 40 35 32.8 Tỷ lệ % 30 24.5 25 20 15 12.8 11.4 10 2015 2017 2030 2040 2060 Năm What this mean is that southkorea is changing from an old society for one Super old society Old speed turns as fast if not controlled will become serious Elderly population will undermine the national economy and reduce economic growth 2.1.2 The causes What makes South Korea became one nation has turned the old speed so serious? The first is the fertility rate in South Korea plunged The birth rate in South Korea has been in serious decline from 2.23% in 1985 to 1.23% in 2010 Before the severe slump that thanks to some policies of the Government of South Korea has increased the birth rate up 1.27% in 2017 However this low birth rate while the average life expectancy in South Korea are on the rise One cause of this condition is the Korean youth increasingly unwilling with the marriage According to the survey by the Korea Research Center, Research Institute for Northeast Asia in 2916 61.1% South Korea has said that marriage is the negative, in which women have negative thoughts than the 72.1% of Korean women that married or not all right Through the survey, the near 50% of men have not married in South Korea believe that the causes leading to low birth rate is the economic instability and difficulties in employment And Yes to 65.2% of Koreans answered that they feel the burden In addition, the already married couples they also said that should not bear children by economic pressure, while the South Korean woman has yet to create the best working environment after the pregnancy by the intensity of the work at the enterprises of South Korea is extremely long and hard to fit working woman who has just spent the time to take care of the family The second is the increase of the elderly population The population over the age of 64 accounted for 11.4% of the rate depends is 15.7% and life expectancy in South Korea until the year 2017 is 82.2 years, much higher than the world's average lifespan (71 years) And a more serious problem is that the rate of poverty of the elderly citizenry The number of elderly people is rising but part of that income is lower than the minimum cost level for life This increases the burden on him for the social group of people in the working age And according to the forecasts if the birth rate continues as at present, then in the future, South Korea will become old people lived in the world, with the average age of women reaching the age of men also reached 90.8 is 84 years old * Old chemical consequences of the population in Korea -Old chemical condition of the population along with many other factors are making the program economic reform difficulties, the economy lost vitality when the population in age from 30-40 is the object of production and consumption the most rapid decrease in positive prevention, consumer and industrial markets South Korea changed over, not enough labor force , the company will not invest more for production activities, thereby influencing growth The country's growth has decreased to about 2.8% in recent years and If the population in working age continues downward trend as today, after 20 years, in the year 2037, the rate of economic growth in South Korea is analyzed as will fall to 0% threshold In particular, the population problem aggravated in the industry will be the proportion of young workers such as information technology (IT), healthcare, software developer The burden of care for the elderly has also become more serious According to statistics of the Organization for economic co-operation and development (OECD), in the year 2015, just 5.1 people in working age of South Korea are to serve nursing old people However, by the year 2075, this rate will decrease to 1.25 people in working age serve nursing elderly -Elderly population issue culture will also augment the burden for pension fund and medical insurance According to the report, the current health insurance only expected about 25 trillion won, equivalent to 25 billion u.s dollars, will be able to double as 54 trillion won in the year 2020 The national retirement fund currently occupies about 53.2% of GDP is expected to exceed GDP in 2025 and increase to about 1.7 times of the GDP in 2070, the national retirement fund (NPS) are forecast to exhaust the funds in the year 2060 when people played less go and get the money back The extent of the Government's monthly pension is not enough to pay for the increasingly expensive lives and forcing the elderly South Korea must more to survival -In contrast, the number of people over the age of 18 (start study) rising from the current 610,000 to about 400,000 people in the year 2037 though intake was still maintained at 560,000 people "We cannot close the door to many universities Instead, the University can be remodelled into educational center for people over the age of 40 and 50 * Lesson: Withdrawal Because of the consequences on the population of old goods are sometimes referred to as "a time bomb" This phenomenon will become more serious in the next few decades, but these efforts need now to prepare for The Government should set up a social security network to ensure health care are elderly people, who have no stable source of income The Government also needs to create the environment for the elderly citizens can get the job done easily so they can earn money and pay for their own lives In addition, the Government should also help the young workers can prepare better for themselves in retirement 2.2 Status of the population in Japan 2.2.1 Status of old issues of population culture In Population Under 15 years Over 65 years 2017 126,045,21 12.7% 27.2% 2016 126,994,51 12.94% 26.56% 2015 127,141,00 12.99% 26.02% 2014 127,276,00 13.06% 25.35% 2013 127,445,00 13.15% 24.63% 2012 127,629,00 13.23% 23.88% (Source: World bank) According to a report of the Ministry of the Interior Statistics Bureau and media Japan -Population Population of Japan as of October 1st the year 2015 is 127,094,745 inhabitants, rising 962,607 (0.8%) compared to the year 2010, 0.15% per year It was the first reduction since the total population census to be started in 1920 By gender, men and women turn is 61,841,738 and 65,253,007 and sex ratio was 94.8 The population of Japan is 124,283,901 (98.6% of the total population), 1,074,953 (0.9%) decrease compared to the year 2010, i.e 0.17% per year The population of foreigners living in Japan are usually 1,752,368 people (accounting for 1.4% of the population), up from 104.331 (6.3%) in 2010, equivalent to 1.24% per year Of the 47 districts, the population increase in districts (Okinawa-ken is the highest growth rate [2.9%], followed by Tokyo-2.7%, Saitama-ken and Aichi-ken [1.0%]), while it decreased in 39 districts Some 1,719 municipality, population fell 1,419 municipality (82.5% of the municipality) -Population by age group Population under age 15 is 15,886,810 (12.6% of the population), those from 15 to 64 years is 76,288,736 (60.7%), and those from 65 years (26.6%) 3465,441, The proportion of the population under age 15 is the lowest, and the population from 65 years and older is the highest Total since the census began in 1920 The proportion of the population under 15 years of age is the lowest in the world and of the population from 65 years and older is the highest in the world According to the Ministry of service, the population may Japanese 1/10/2016 (including foreigners) is 126,933,000 inhabitants, rising 162,000 people compared to the 10 year 2015 This is the eighth year in a row Japan's population decreased, and the reduction of 1.1 million people compared to the year 2008 when Japan's population reached the highest threshold If only the Japanese, the figure is 125,020,000 inhabitants, rising 0.24 percent compared to the year 2015 Reduced levels of natural population (the disparity between the number of births and deaths) reached the highest level since statistics began in 1950 as 286,000 inhabitants The natural population decrease took 10 consecutive years since the year 2007 In year, the number of children born about 1,004,000 who, while the death toll is 1.3 million people The number of men in natural reduction in 12 years, females reduce naturally consecutive years The trend of the population decrease, elderly, little kids are continuing to take place [1] Japan's population is very strong when the average life expectancy of people remains steady and very old percentage increases (see Figure 1.2) Source: Ministry of labor, social welfare in Japan (1/3.2017) 11 Source: Research Institute of population issues and social welfare (2012) The number of old people in Japan have increased, while the median family was shrinking in scale, the census data put out Wednesday showed The number of elderly people from 65 years and older accounted for 26.7% of the total population of 127.11 million, up 3.7 percentage points than in the previous year, a summary report of the total national 2015 year investigation shows Meanwhile, the average family scale continues to decline 68-page report by the Ministry of the Interior conducted also pointed out that the number of members on average fell from 2.82 in 1995 to 2.39 in 2015 Accordingly, the household a 32.5% increase in total was 51.88 million households, and currently is the largest part of the population As of October 2015, years for in men from 65 years and in women of the same age the who live alone Meanwhile, about 1.69 million people live in welfare facilities for the elderly, representing a 40 percent increase from the census in 2012, the report said The total national census was conducted in years, including the citizens of Japan and the Japanese people are not citizens living in the country In the summary report, the Interior Ministry has used 1% of the census form to 12 estimate the numbers of different demographics An official of the Ministry told reporters: "the percentage of people from 65 years and older is the highest ever recorded." This is because many baby boom was entering this age in the past five years "Chopstick butter generation of the country, known in Japanese as dankai no sedai, often used to refer to those born a few years after the end of World War II According to the Department, the proportion of elderly in Akita from 65 years 33.5% higher Next is the Kochi with 32.9% and 32.6% with Shimane At the other end of the spectrum is the Okinawa Prefecture, with just 19.7 percent rate Tokyo is next with 22.9% and 23.8%, according to the level of Ehime report The study also investigated the population survey of the country's labor, showed about 59.8% from 15 years old to get a job, falling 1.4 percentage points compared with five years ago By gender, 70.8% of males from 15 years of work, reduction of percentage points, while 49.8% of working women, an increase of 0.2 percentage point The survey also found that 80.9% of women aged 25 to 29 were working, surpasses 80% for the first time since comparable data are appearing in 1950 According to industry, 16.5% of workers employed in the wholesale and sale travelers, while 15.7% work in manufacturing industry and 12.2% in the medical and welfare services In recent years, workers in the health sector and welfare has increased, jump up percentage points from the survey population in 2012, the report said The study also determined that 31.6 percent of men 15 years and over had never married in October in 2015 This compared with 61.3 percent of the married men and 3.9 percent who got a divorce and doesn't have you love Among women, 22.9 percent not yet married, 56.6 percent are currently married and 6.1 percent were divorced (REIJI YOSHIDA, 2016, p.) [4] 13 Figure 3: pyramid of the population of Japan in 2017 compared in 1997 [5] Source: gefira.org 14 2.2.2 Causes * Old speed culture of the population so fast mainly due to the sharp drop in the birth rate, young Japanese are increasingly afraid of marriage, the couple then avoiding childbirth stories due to the following factors: Due to pressures of work: according to the BBC Studios in Japan, the number of women with a university degree no less than many of the men and women going to work a lot in 10 years Song many women after the birth of a child that was not able to head back to the old company The search for a new job and fit is also a very large obstacle One reason is those of their husbands Talk about helping his wife to the work, then the Japanese men still lost away from European and American men The husbands in Sweden, Germany, the United States usually spends three hours every day to help his wife works at home and child care While Japanese men spend only hour, 15 minutes and help my wife playing with her children Ms Ito, " before the birth of my busy work, dark days Every month, I have to contact with 300 clients I go to the company at am and about thanks to h the next morning Last week, I also have to go to work If you want to keep the job they must forget the kids and have to devote yourself to the company I can't that It is impossible" - Due to the conception of the Japanese: + The man must be the pillar of the family According to a survey, there are 1/3 of Japanese women desire to quit and win the whole time at home doing housework after marriage, they expect your future husband will carry out financial matters for the entire family parents of sides + This is the burden of expectation too great with so many men in Japan today Not to mention is the stagnant economy, but Japan still is one of the countries with the most expensive cost of living on the world Estimates within a decade, the cost of raising children in Japan had increased to 40% The year 2016 the country Japan only has more than million new-born children, meaning that only about 20 year Japan will owe child labour seriously I" have to pay $1,000 per month for each child in kindergarten, while the private school are more expensive, up to $2,000 per month Of course it is very good quality, Mrs Ito tells " *Due to the culture of the Japanese people Despite the reduced status of the children is taking place in Japan, but still strict concept on the issue of children born out 15 of wedlock The proportion of children born out of wedlock in Japan is lower than in many countries of the world Figure 4: rate of illegitimate births of Nations [7] Unit:% Source: Ministry of labour and social welfare of Japan-to investigate the dynamics of the population in 2015 * In the trend of globalization, the world economy is increasingly develop evenly, material life, the spiritual and the social security of the country is increasingly enhanced, respected human rights proper, so that the human lifespan is increasing lift high So the amount of elderly population is significant 16 2.2.3 The consequences: The old man turned the population quickly in Japan will influence many aspects to social-economic life and international position of the country * First, the economics will take over The Japanese Government will have to use many more budget for social welfare programs, national financial structure is affected At present, the burden of public debt was up to 200% of the Gross domestic product (GDP), the level of the worst among developed countries, prompting the Japanese economy always in paralysis This does not tend to improve as the economy continues to deflate At present the Japanese Government has not yet found effective solutions, thereby increasing consumer taxes still is the wing rescue Deflation will continue to be a problem threatening the Japanese economy, and people's lives become increasingly more difficult In the coming years, the work of the health and care of the elderly will increasingly intractable problem for policy makers of the sunrise Although the robots will be used more in the health sector, health care or services at home, Japan still lack health care team by the number of old people increasingly large demand more and more Along with health care, Japan will have to cover more and more to modernize the system of hospitals, nursing camp as well as medicines to ensure life for these people * Second, "holes between the generations" is increasing So many old people have influence in political fields should be national policy will pay more attention to social welfare programs such as increasing the budget for health, health care and pensions This aroused waves of protests by young people, threatening the unity inherent in Japanese society * Third, the position Japan will decline on the international scene The budget allocated to national security issues will reduce the negative influence to the functions of this Department * Fourth, the situation moved from rural residential to the largest city is already causing severe consequences to the economy of the area With a population of about 17,000 inhabitants, the city of Obanazawa in Yamagata Prefecture had registered a net outflow of 236 inhabitants in the year 2016, increase compared with 161 years ago Many people have been moved to school or work and have not returned to the city, where a number of the largest snowfall in the city in the Tohoku in Japan have extended support to encourage mainly youth movement by way of financial support for housing and by promoting winter sports, but to date almost no results One of the city officials even admit that the moved snow every day around the House in winter is a hard work: "A number of people moved out because they think that will not comfortable to live here when they grow older." Misato town, Shimane also is experiencing a loss of residents A number of youth staying in the mountain town to participate in a project to promote products and other business activities with the help of the Ministry of the Interior According to the town, the people in the back are a minority An official said: "they don't have many options at work and just moved out This town is also concerned about the 17 decline of the population because will not convenient when Japanese Railway stopped running through the Sanko line city and commune in Shimane and Hiroshima on April Misato has held a number of stations on the 108-km The central authorities have decided on measures to fight the population decline in the city after a group of experts warned in a study in 2014 that half of Japan's cities are in danger one day will disappear According to the Ministry of economy, trade and industry, only 12 companies took advantage of this package into the end of the year 2016 Many businesses are attracted to the convenience of Tokyo as it is home to many of their customers and a large group of clients Regional officials of special interest to the flow of young people moving to the major population Center after high school graduation Nagano Prefecture has about 11,000 residents start to college or University in the year 2016 2.2.4 Solution: A is, must have a clear strategy to development orientation for the country has population size Despite falling down the tens of millions of people, the population of Japan is still larger than many European countries If Japan built a social "strong", able to create spiritual values, then this country can still contribute significantly to the world To this, first of all, Japan needs to reform the economic structure with the joining the trans-Pacific partnership agreement, signed the free trade agreement and economic cooperation with other countries The two are, to find all of the measures to increase the birth rate Urgent task at present is to seek out and implement comprehensive measures to improve the unemployment situation in the young people so that they can ensure your family life, thereby improving the marriage age , by the young Japanese tend to marry later Besides, Japan will also need to build a health care system for children, instead of too focused on older people Three is , must take measures to women and the elderly to participate more in the labour market through improved work environment and social environment The four are, to improve productivity through technology initiative To this, Japan should invest more on education, have more preferential policies the people working in the field of science and technology The year is, to have policies to attract qualified foreigners to work and dedication If the attraction is a team of highly qualified intellectuals, Japan will have more programs boost the economy as well as in other fields, and when that Japan's position on the international arena will be improved with the worthy contribution to humanity 18 2.3 Status of the population in Viet Nam 2.3.1 Current situation of Vietnam's population The population of Vietnam to date is more than 95 million people (95,600,845 people in 2017), ranking 14th among the world's most populous countries and accounting for 1.27% of the total population of the world Urban population density only accounts for 34.7% (33,121,357 persons) of the total population, most of whom are Kinh (other ethnic minorities account for a very small proportion) 2.3.2 Level of aging of Vietnam population now Vietnam has a rapid population growth rate from about 1993 backwards, so Vietnam is now in a golden population since 2007 with twice as many people in working age Compared with dependents, the current proportion of the population is only about 5.3% of the total population There will be a time when the population of Vietnam will enter the period of population aging According to the General Statistics Office (GSO), the golden population period lasts about 34 years and ends around 2041 In particular, the golden age population and population aging occur at the same time LESSONS LEARNED AND SOLOUTION TO THE OLD PROBLEM OF POPULATION CULTURE IN VIETNAM In Vietnam, challenging problems are posed is whether officially entered the stage from the year 2011 of old, but the old speed quick chemistry in context is still a country with low average income levels Vietnam currently has approximately 10.1 million elderly people, accounting for 11% of the population Private people from 80 years of age is two million The forecast to the year 2030, the proportion of the elderly Vietnam 18% and in 2050 is 26% If the economy grows take several decades, even centuries to move from the stage of elderly population of elderly population phase, the old rate as at present, Vietnam lost only 15 years Vietnam is facing a number of old bad ways thus need to learn kịnh experience of countries such as South Korea and Japan to be able to respond promptly to the old problem of the number to make sure social security economic development of the country So, the solution is given as follows: 3.1 Health care combined with the promotion of the role of the elderly in society 19 Throughout the years, despite the many difficulties but Vietnam has many health care policy and promote the role of the elderly Over time, the longevity of the elderly Vietnam has to be increased but healthy life expectancy is still low "In particular, Vietnam is one of the typical water will have the old speed turns very quickly Therefore, policies to the elderly healthy and living well are a matter which should be viewed "therefore in the coming time, Vietnam needs to take care of the elderly community based; development of family medicine model; at the same time strengthen the hospital system specializing in geriatric and manpower in elderly care Vietnam also needs to develop more models such as the nursing home match with Vietnam's traditional culture; promote the development of healthcare facilities to not only prevention, primary health care which especially elderly care focused on chronic diseases More importantly, our country needs to have a policy to promote the role of the elderly in society, this is one of the best treatments learn from Japan's experience should create conditions for the elderly to find the suitable After retiring to the country period, should enhance the better health services to strengthen the health to be able to increase the retirement age to take advantage of and maximize the experience as well as the working capacity of the elderly 3.2 Eased family planning policies in a consistent way according to each region on the country According to the experience of South Korea, Japan when birth rates falling too deep not to restore the lead to labour shortages and the current number of elderly, so need to adjust policies accordingly to not repeat the nightmare of Japan and South Korea In 25 years of uncompromising implementation of population policies and family planning, each couple has two children in the spirit of the Central lock resolutions VII, Vietnam has successfully reduced the speed of population increase However the population of Vietnam still have issues also exist, such as: the level of disparity between the status of the region; serious gender disparities; Vietnam is entering the period of the old culture "population", standing in front of the risk of "old" was rich, not miss the opportunity of "Golden population period" analyses the central cause of the limitations, weak on this, draw the lessons of experience also as yet the success of the work of the population in our country and refer to the experience of the world Since then, the proposed direction, objectives and tasks, the appropriate solution to seize the favorable opportunity, overcome difficulties and challenges, better in the population work in the new situation On the population policy in relation to students, Mr Nguyen Van Tan, Deputy Director in charge Of the Bureau of the population-chemical Design, the Health Ministry said, the proposed three options to adjust the level * Option 1: maintain the stretched current birth rates Mr Tan said, with this approach, the policies of population will continue campaigning every couple born two children, however no rules into law with flexible policies 20