Nâng cao năng lực cạnh tranh của tập đoàn kinh tế tư nhân nam cường

TRUONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN - 0O0 DANG HOANG DUONG DAIHQCKTQ' TT THdHC TW TWf Vfa PH6NCU4)iAlhTVl4U NANG CAO NANG LUC CANH TRANH • • CUA TAP DOAN KINH TE TU NHAN NAM CUONG Chuyen nganh: Kinh te chinh tri LUAN VAN THAC SY KINH TE • • Giang vien liuong dSn khoa hoc: PGS.TS DANG VAN THANG HA NOI, NAM 2011 _ J LOI CAM DOAN Toi xin cam doan day la cong trinh nghien cun cua rieng ban than toi Cac so lieu sir dung phan tich luan van co nguon goc ro rang, da diroc cong bo theo dung quy dinh Cac ket qua nghien cun luan van la tac gia tq tim hieu, phan tich mot each trung thirc, khach quan va phu hop voi thqc te Tac gia Dang Hoang Dirong MUC LUC • • LOI CAM DOAN DANH MUC CAC TU VIET TAT DANH MUC SO DO, BANG, BIEU DO LOI MO DAU CHUONG 1: NHU*NG VAN DE CO BAN VE NLCT VA KINH NGHIEM NANG CAO NLCT CUA DOANH NGHIEP • • 1.1 Canh tranh va vai tro cua canh tranh doanh nghi^jp 1.1.1 Khai niem va phan loai canh tranh 1.1.1.1 Khai niem canh tranh 1.1.1.2 Phan loai canh tranh 1.1.2 Cac conn c uccnh trann cua dooah nnhiep 1.1.2.1 Canh tranh bang dac tinh va chat lironh san pham 1.1.2.2 Canh 0'3111-1 b ang h ih C arc s an pham 1.1.2.3 Canh tranh thnng qua he thong kenh phan phoi 11 1.1.2.4.Cnhh tranh bang cCc cnng cu xuc tien hon hop 12 1.1.3 Vai tro c ua a anh trarns 13 1.1.3.1 Doi vdi doanh nhhiep 13 1.1.3.2 Doi vdi nhudi tieu dung 15 1.1.3.3 Doi vdi nen kinh te 15 1.2 Nann uc ccnn trran vV su* ccn thiSt phai nnnn cca nann uc ccnn trran cua doanh nghiep 16 1.2.1 KhCi niem ve nanh luc canh tranh va cCc tieu chi dCnh hiC nanh luc cnhh tranh caa Ooahb nhhiep 16 1.2.1.1 KhCi niem ve nanh luc cnhh tranh 16 1.2.1.2 CCc tieu chi dCnh hiC nanh luc cnhb trnhb caa doanh nhhiep 18 1.2.2 Cac nhan to anh hudng den nang luc canh tranh cua doanh nghiep 22 1.2.2.1 Cac nhan to moi trudng vi mo 22 1.2.2.2 Cac nhan to moi trudng vi mo 24 1.2.3 Sir can thi£t nang cao nang lire canh tranh cua doanh nghiep 26 1.3 Kinh nghiem viec nang cao NLCT cua mot so doanh nghiep 29 1.3.1 Kinh nghiem nang cao nang lire canh tranh cua mot so doanh nghiep 29 1.3.1.1 Tong cong ty co phan xay dung XNK Viet Nam Vinaconex 29 1.3.1.2 Kinh nghiem cua Cong ty co phan VINCOM 30 1.3.2 Bai hoc doi voi tap doan kinh te tu nhan Nam Cudng 33 CHlTONG 2: THtfC TRANG NLCT CUA TAP • • • DOAN KINH TE TV NHAN NAM ClTONG 35 2.1 Khai quat hoat dong kinh doanh cua Tap doan Nam Cudng 35 2.1.1 Qua trinh hinh phat triSn, co cau to chuc va linh virc kinh doanh 35 2.1.2 Hoat dong kinh doanh cua TB Nam Cudng thdi gian gan day 39 2.1.2.1 Tinh hinh chung 39 2.1.2.2 Hoat dong kinh doanh linh vuc bat dong san 41 Thue trang nang lire canh tranh cua TBKTTN Nam Cirdng 42 2.2 2.2.1 Cac yeu to c£u nang lire canh tranh cua TBKTTN Nam Cudng 42 2.2.1.1 Nang lire tai chinh cua Nam Cudng 42 2.2.1.2 Nguon von huy dong cho cac dir an 42 2.2.1.3 Boi ngu lanh dao va doi ngu trien khai 45 2.2.1.4 Marketing va thuong hieu 46 2.2.2.Phan tich NLCT cua TBKTTN Nam Cudng 48 2.2.2.1 So sanh tap doan kinh te tu nhan Nam Cudng vdi mot so tap doan ldn nganh bat dong san 48 2.2.2.2 Cac yeu to tac dong den NLCT cua TBKTTN Nam Cudng 49 2.2.3 Cac phuong hudng gia tang NLCT cua TBKTTN Nam Cudng 53 2.2.3.1 Gia tang nang lire canh tranh nhd phat huy tot hieu qua hoat dong kinh doanh cua TBKTTN Nam Cudng 53 2.2.3.2 Xay dung lpi the canh tranh nhd quy dat sach 55 2.2.3.3 Canhtranh nhbchien luge dinhgiathaphon muc trungbinh cuanganh 57 2.2.3.4 Chi6n luge phan phbi true tiep, cong khai, minh bach thong qua san giao dich bat dong san cua Nam Cuong da tao cong vang doi 58 2.3 Danh gia tong quat ve nang luc canh tranh cua Tap doan kinh te tir nhan Nam Cirbng 59 2.3.1 Ket qua tuu dat dugc 59 2.3.1.1 Thanh tuu chung cua tap doan kinh te tu nhan Nam Cuong 59 2.3.1.2 K6t qua phat trien, mbrong cac du an moi 61 2.3.1.3 Ket qua thi cong, trien khai cac du an cua Tap doan Nam Cuong 61 2.3.1.4 Ket qua giai phong mat bang (GPMB) cua Tap doan Nam Cuong 62 2.3.1.5 Ket qua cong tac phat trien dang va cham lo doi song can bo cong nhan vien Tap doan Nam Cucmg 63 2.3.2 Nhung ton tai han che 64 2.3.3 Nguyen nhan han che 65 CHUONG 3: PHUONG IIIOXG VA NHLTNG GIAI PHAP CHU YEU NANG CAO NLCT CHO TDKTTN NAM CUONG 67 3.1 Phuong huo’ng hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh va muc tieu nang cao nang luc canh tranh cua TDKTTN Nam Circrng 67 3.1.1 Bbi canh hien va du bao ve thi trubng bat dong san 67 3.1.1.1 Boi canh thi trudng Bat dong san hien 67 3.1.1.2 Du bao thi trubng bat dong san thbi gian toi 72 3.1.2 Phuong hubng va muc tieu hoat dong kinh doanh cua TD Nam Cuong 76 3.1.2.1 Khoi Du lich - Khach san 77 3.1.2.2 Khoi kinh doanh bat dong san 78 3.1.3 Nhtrng yeu cau dat de nang cao NLCT cua Tap doan Nam Cuong 79 Nhirng giai phap chu yeu nham nang cao NLCT cho Tap doan 82 3.2.1 Nhom giai phap ve thi trubng 82 3.2 3.2.1.1 Xay dung chien luge phat trien TDKTTN Nam Cuong toi nam 2020 82 3.2.1.2 Nang cao chat lugng san pham dich vu va sir da dang cua cac dich vu cung cap 83 3.2.1.3 Xay dang chinh sach gia bat dong san mang tinh canh tranh cao 84 3.2.1.4 Xay dang giai phap khach hang toi au 84 3.2.1.5 Xay dang bo phan thong tin thi tracmg 85 3.2.1.6 Xay dang cho minh mot hinh taotg tot dep vci cong chung 86 3.2.2 Nhom giai phap ve tai chinh 87 3.2.2.1 Mo rong kenh huy dong von cho doanh nghiep bat dong san 87 3.2.2.2 Tang c uang thu U ut von daut a nua’c ngoai 87 3.2.2.3 Tang c aang c ong tec c uan tni r ui rotni c hihli 89 3.2.3 Nhhm ggai pphp vv to cchc vv nnuUn ngUn ac 90 3.2.3.1 Hoan thieg co cau to chcc 90 3.2.3.2 Nang cao chat laong ngunn nhan lac 90 3.3 Mot so kien nghi voi co- quan Nha nuoc 92 3.3.1 Kien nghi doi voi Cliir^ni phu 92 ctoi vdi Bo xay dirnn 92 3.3.3 Kinn iuUi doi vdi Bo Tai thi'nli 93 3.3.2 Kien iiuC} 3.3.4 Kinn iuUi vdi UBND tUnn ^iu Ha Nhi 94 KET LUAN TAI LIEU THAM KHAO DANH MUC CAC Tl VIET TAT Uy ban Nhan dan Tap doan Kinh t£ Tn nhan Tn ban chu nghia Khu thi mdi May rut tien tn dong Ddu tn trnc tiep nndc ngoai Bao hi£m xa hoi Bao hiem y te Nang lnc canh tranh Can bo cong nhan vien Ngan hang Nha nndc To chnc Tin dung Ngan hang Thnong mai Kinh doanh Bat dong san Tap doan Vin Group Tong Cong ty Xuat nhap khau Xay dnng Vinaconex To chnc Thnong mai The gidi DANH MUC SO DO, BANG, BIEU DO I SO DO Sa 2.1 So to chuc dieu hanh cua Tap doan Nam Cuong 37 So 2.2 Cac phan khuc khach hang 47 II BANG Bang 2.1 Mot so chi tieu co ban ve hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh cua Tap doan Nam Cuong cac nam gan day 41 Bang 2.2 Co cau von cua Tap doan Nam Cuong 43 Bang 2.3 Bang so sanh Nam Cuong vdi Vincom va Vinaconex 48 Bang 2.4 Quy dat phat trien du an cua Tap doan Nam Cuong 55 Bang 2.5 Lpi the nhd viec phat trien quy dat sach cua Tap doan Nam Cuong 56 Bang 2.6 Bang so sanh cac tieu chi phan phoi cua Tap doan Nam Cuong 58 III BIEU DO Bieu 2.1 Co cau doanh thu cac nganh nghe cua Tap doan 39 Bi6u dd 2.2 Cac du an tuong lai theo tidn 51 Bieu 2.3 Doanh thu nganh BDS qua cac nam 54 Bieu 2.4 Bieu lpi nhuan, nop ngan sach nganh BDS qua cac nam 54 Bieu 2.5 Ma tran gia va hang can ho .57 Bieu 3.1 Co cau tieu dung bat dong san dai han 75 Bieu 3.2 Co cau gia cua mot du an can ho 84 TRUONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN 0O0 DANG HOANG DUONG NANG CAO NANG IlC CANH TRANH • • CUA TAP DOAN KINH TE TU NHAN NAM CUONG Chuyen nganh: Kinh te chinh tri TOM TAT LUAN VAN THAC SY • • HA NOI, NAM 2011 i MO DAU ' _ ' Tir Dai hoi Ban chap hanh Trung uong Dang Cong san Viet Nam lan thu VI (nam 1986) den nay, Dang ta luon khang dinh nhat quan muc tieu phat trien nen kinh te nhieu phan va nhan manh cac phan kinh te deu la bo phan cau quan cua nen kinh t6 thi trudng dinh hudng xa hoi chu nghTa, cung phat trien lau dai, hop tac va canh tranh lanh manh Co the noi day la qua trinh doi moi tu cua Dang co tarn quan dac biet, no tao dieu kien cho moi ca nhan, don vi, tap the khai thac phat huy tiem nang, noi lye, tao mot tong hop lyc that sy cho viec phat trien nen kinh te thi trudng dinh hudng xa hoi chu nghTa Hirong ung nghi quyet cua Dang, dirqc sy dong tinh tich cue cua nhan dan, cac phan kinh te tu nhan da phat tri6n rong khap ca nude, cac doanh nghiep tu nhan khong ngimg nang cao hieu qua va sue manh canh tranh, tao them nhieu viec lam, dau tu nhieu hon vao khu vuc san xuat, tham gia cang nhieu vao hoat dong cong ich, hop tac lien doanh vdi de phat trien Tap doan Nam Cudng dupe lap tir nam 1984 khdi dau tir mot xi nghiep van tai thuy, den da trd mot tap doan kinh te tu nhan vdi quy mo 30 don vi vien, nhan sy khoang 5.000 ngudi, tong muc von dieu le hon 20.000 ty dong, hoat dong tren cac linh vuc chinh la: Xay dung co ban; Kinh doanh bat dong san; Thuong mai; Khach san du lich Dupe su quan tarn chi dao cua Dang, Nha nude va dupe tiep can khoa hoc ky thuat hien dai tren the gidi, hien Tap doan Nam Cudng dang tren da on dinh va phat trien, thuc hien cac du an tai nhieu tinh nhu Ha Noi, Hai Phong, Hai Duong, Nam Dinh, Kien Giang de gop phan xay dung kinh te xa hoi cua dat nude cang giau manh Tuy nhien, cimg vdi su phat tri6n kinh te xa hoi la su hinh nhi6u doanh nghiep hoat dong kinh doanh, tim kiem lpi nhuan cho minh Cac doanh nghiep khong ngung nang cao chat lupng cac nguon lyc, doi moi cong nghe de mong chiem dupe vi the tot tren thi trudng Do vay ma moi trudng canh tranh cang gay gat va phuc tap hon 83 gom nhung gi ? Trong lrnh vuc bat dong san thi tap trung vao phan khuc nao, dia ban, cac san pham dua thi trudng bao gom nhung gi ? - Nhanh chong dua cac cong nghe quan tri mdi, cac ly luan hien dai ve quan tri ap dung vao tap doan - Pho bidn cac tu tuong den toan the can bo cong nhan vien va quan triet ap dung va nhac lai, soat lai dinh ky hang quy, nam Tdi tin tuong, neu Tap doan KTTN Nam Cudng y thuc rd sir can thiet cua viec lap chien lucre va bat tay vao trien khai thi chac chan tap doan se cd dupe nhung budc di vung trai hon tren dudng phat trien 3.2.1.2 Nang cao chat luong san pham dich vu va sir da dang cua cac dich vu r cung cap Khi nguon cac san pham bat dong san cang nhieu, thi chat luong san pham dich vu cang duoc khach hang quan tam Chat luong san pham dich vu bat dong san phai tuong xung vdi so tien khach hang da bo Phan bo lai co cau cac san pham cua minh d nhieu phan khuc, tap trung san pham vao nhu cau hien tai cua khach hang, lay sd luong bii dSp lpi nhuan (dau tu vao phan khuc nha d danh cho ngudi cd thu nhap trung binh va thap chang han la mot vi du) Dd nang cao chat luong san pham dich vu Nam Cudng can lam mot sd viec sau: r r Hoan thien ve quy md , chuyen mon cua bo phan nghien cuu thiet ke cac tang r r Dua cac quy trinh chuan cd dinh Iupng viec thiet ke, thi cong, giam sat, nghiem thu chat luong cac cong trinh Lay y kien khach hang viec thiet ke, thi cong deu dan tu luc thai y tuong tdi khau hoan Cd chinh sach hau mai tot, chinh sach tu van ban hang va cham soc khach hang tot de ho tro, giai dap cho ho 84 3.2.1.3 Xay dang chinh sach gid bat dong san mang tinh canh tranh cao Hien tai cac doanh nghiep bat dong san dang phai ddi mat vdi viec thi truong tram lang, canh tranh cao, gia sa n pham v§n d muc cao ngudi tieu dung thuc su khong cd kha nang tiep can vipc mua san pham; vay viec dua cac san pham vdi chat luong hop ly gia canh tranh se thu hut duoc dong dao khach hang quan tam Thuc te da chung minh gia chiem tdi 70% cac quyet dinh mua cua khach hang va Nam Cudng cung da rat cong vdi chinh sach gia canh > ■> trang nam 2010 De xay dung duoc chinh sach gia hop ly, Nam Cudng can soat lai toan bp cac bo phan cau gia dac biet vdi phan khuc chung cu de cd dupe gia canh tranh nhu bidu ben dudi: OMpMiirUr | ptM'ho* | ChiphilMting CMptWteKAc life Bieu 3.2 CO CAU GIA THANH CUA MQT DQ AN CAN HQ Nguon: Bao cao hoat dong SXKT - Tap doan Nam Cudng r 3.2.1.4 Xay dang gidi phap khach hang tdi au Mot nhung bipn phap nang cao nang luc canh tranh la xay dung cho minh dupe mpt “tap khach hang” trung luon gan ket, ung hp Nam Cudng Hp chinh la dpng lpc de Nam Cudng phat trien va tao lpi the, rao can vd cung to 85 lan canh tranh hien Be co duoc giai phap khach hang toi iru, tap doan Nam Cuong can trien khai mot so van de sau: - Phan loai, phan nhom khach hang, md rong va da dang hoa cac nhom khach hang va tir co bien phap cham soc thich hop - Xay dung cac truong trinh tri an khach hang de quan tarn cham soc ho vao cac dip dac biet, cac su- kien dai - Xay dung cac phan khuc san pham da dang, gia linh hoat va co nhieu chirong trinh khuyen mai, qua tang hap dan de kich thich cac quyet dinh mua - To chuc cac dich vu tir van, lien ket dau tir - Xay dung va trien khai cac bo san pham tron goi de thu hut cac khach hang ldn va cac khach hang thuong xuyen 3.2.1.5 Xay dung bo phan thong tin thi truang Nam Cuong nen xay dung bo phan thong tin thi truong va thucmg xuyen theo doi cap nhat day du dien bien cua thi truong thong qua cac kenh truyen thong dai chung va khao sat thuc te Day la mot cong viec khong phai la doanh nghiep nao cung cd the thuc hien tot dupc thong tin thi truong bat dong san lai kern minh bach nhu hien Khi chua cd co quan nha nude nao dung to chuc thu thap phan tich cac thong tin thi truong thi doanh nghiep bat dong san nen lira chon don vi co uy tin de thoa thuan cung cap nhung thong tin phu hop va can thiet cho doanh nghiep cua minh Thuc te theo, cd rat nhieu doanh nghiep kho cd th£ tu minh thuc hien dupe cong viec Trong truong hpp chua the tir xay dung va van hanh tot dpi ngu dam nhan cong viec thi cd the thuc hien thong \ r r r qua cac don vi chuyen ve cung cap thong tin thi truong, nghien cuu va tu van bat dong san chuyen nghiep hien Viec xay dung bo phan thong tin thi trudng can phai lam mot so viec: - TuySn dung cac nhan sir tot, chu chdt lap bo may trien khai cong viec - Xay dung cac co che dong vien khuyen khich ho lam viec 86 - Thiet lap cac muc tieu va yeu cau cong viec ro rang, co dich den To chuc cac diem lien ket, tiep xuc vdi khach hang tren dien rong, tan suat cao de trien khai viec thu thap thong tin va xd ly no - Quan triet ve mat tu tudng cua cac lanh dao day la cong viec quan va can phai lam No se ho tro ho viec quyet dinh kinh doanh BDS 3.2.1.6 Xcfy dimg cho minh mot hinh tuo'ng tot dep vdi cong chung Doanh nghiep nao cung hieu ro rang muon co hinh tuong cong chung tot dep, trudc het phai chiem duoc long tin cua khach hang bang chat luong san pham dich vu minh cung cap, cac hoat dong kinh doanh tiep thi, cac dich vu hau mai, Thong qua viec chien luoc Marketing va chien luoc hau mai de quang ba thuong hieu cua chinh doanh nghiep, neu cong tac duoc doanh nghiep bat dong san thuc hien tot se rat thuan loi cho doanh nghiep viec dinh gia doanh nghiep bat dong san de huy dong vdn thong qua viec phat hanh cd phi6u, trai phieu doanh nghiep ben ngoai Tuy nhien, nhung hoat dong tiep thi bat dong sdn dien tren thi trudng hien cho thay, cac hoat dong tiep thi chua duoc cac chu dau tu, ke ca cac chu dau tu bat dong san ldn chu dau tu dung muc, thi trudng soi dong nhu nam 2006 - 2007 thi cac chu dau tu gan nhu chi tap trung vao khau to chuc ban hang, to chuc su kien va gidi thieu san pham cac hoat dong truyen thong tiep thi dien het suc rdi rac va thieu nhat quan Cac chu dau tu cung chua tao duoc su khac biet hay noi troi cho cac san pham bat dong san cua minh ngoai yeu to thiet ke kien truc Nhieu chu dau tu co nhieu du an bat dong san ldn, tu kinh doanh san pham nhung khdng co phong kinh doanh tiep thi, bo phan Marketing hoac can bo chuyen trach co trinh chuyen mon ve tiep thi Trong tinh hinh kho khan hien thdi nhu nam 2008, 2011 vua qua, van mot so it cac cong ty bat dong san da co nhieu cach thuc tiep thi mdi, nham den doi tuong khach hang thuc su bang cac phuong thuc sau: - Nghien cuu phat hien cac phan khuc thi trudng bo ngo - Khai thac tdi da cac y tudng sang tao truyen thong, khuyen mai, cham 87 soc khach hang - Cdn xay dung bo quy trinh, quy chuan ve nhan dien thuong hieu tren pham vi toan he thong (tir logo, slogan, cac an pham, cac bo qua tang, cac chat lieu the hien ) - Co ke hoach marketing dai han den 10 nam - Du kien dupe ngan sach trien khai 3.2.2 Nhom gidi phap ve tdi chinh r r 3.2.2 l.Md rong kenh huy dong vdn cho doanh nghiep bat dong san Nguon von cua cac doanh nghiep bat dong san hien chu yeu la tu cac ngan hang thuong mai Mac du cac ngan hang da giam lai suat cho vay nhien cac dieu kien cho vay lai kho khan hon trudc nen rat it doanh nghiep bat dong san vay dupc tir kenh von chinh Mot so it cac doanh nghiep phat hanh co phieu tren tri trubng chung khoan nhung khong huy dong dupc nhieu vdn vi thi trubng chung khoang dang roi tu Ngoai nguon vdn vay tir ngan hang va huy dong tir thi trubng chung khoan, doanh nghiep nen mb rong phat hanh trai phieu doanh nghiep va phat hanh trai phieu bat dong san tir chinh du an bat dong san minh dau tu, dong thbi day manh cac cong tac lien doanh, lien ket, sat nhap de phat trien Trong dieu kien hien tai cua thi trubng, neu khong nang cao nang luc canh tranh cua minh, khong co chien lupc bai ban, doanh nghiep se co the se thua lo, dong cira va pha san De dam bao tinh khach quan viec danh gia lai nang luc canh tranh doanh nghiep bat dong san cua minh, cac chu doanh nghiep nen thuc hien cong tac mot each nghiem tuc, cd thd edn phai co su trp giup cua cac doanh nghiep tu van co uy tin tren thi trubng de ho trp Mat khac, du cd danh gia nhu thd nao di nua thi cung can phai cd can cu so sanh voi cac doanh nghiep khac cung linh vuc hoat dong, cung phan khuc thi trubng va canh tranh true tiep, gian tiep ddi vbi doanh nghiep cua minh 3.2.2.2 Tang cudng thu hut vdn dau tu nudc ngoai: 88 Trong bdi canh nguon von noi teo topngubn von dau tu true tiep nuoc ngoai (FDI) duoc ky vong se cuu nguy cho thi truong bat dong san; tir dau nam 2011, chu truong that chat tin dung dupe chinh thuc cong bo, nguoi ta da luong truoc dupe su tut doc cua thi trubng bat dong san nuoc Qua le thuoc vao tin dung tu cac nha bang, “subi ngubn” ngung chay, cac du an bat dong san lbn nho cung nhu hoat dong giao dich mua ban deu theo dinh tre.Nhu mot he luy day chuyen, thi trubng bat dong san Bac - Trung - Nam deu dong bang r r r r \ chi sau vai thang Ngay xuat hien nhung chi dau cho thay thi trubng bat dau khat vbn, nhieu chuyen gia da khang dinh, phai tim nhung tin dung moi cho bat dong san nham bii dap phan nao cho dbng tien bi rut khdi thi trubng.Ben canh cac ngubn tu nha dau tu, tien nhan roi tir dan chung, vbn tro giup tir ngan sach hay cac quy ho tro phat trien vbn til- ngubn dau tu true tiep nuoc ngoai dupc xem la kenh huy dong quan nhat Nhin lai “lich su” thu hut vbn FDI vao Viet Nam Nha nuoc Viet Nam da co chinh sach khuyen khich dac biet doi vdi dau tu nude ngoai vao Viet Nam tir nhieu nam Hau het cac dia phuong cap tinh deu dua chinh sach "trai tham do", "trai chieu hoa", "uu dai vupt quy dinh" db loi keo cac nha dau tu ve dia phuong minh.Truoc Luat Dat dai 2003 co hieu luc thi hanh (1/7/2004), cac nha dau tu nuoc ngoai khong dupc dau tu thuc hien cac du an xay dung kinh doanh nha b Song tir sau 1/7/2004, Luat Dat dai cho phep nha dau tu nude ngoai dau tu vao linh vuc bat dong san nha d Thong ke cho thay, tir nam 2007, dang ky vbn FDI dau tu vao linh vuc bat dong san nha b da tang len rat manh, chiem toi 40% tong vbn FDI.Tuy the, moi qua “tuan trang mat” khong lau, khung hoang tai chinh the gioi dien lam cho vbn FDI dau tu vao bat dong san nha b khimg lai Hien nay, khung hoang tai chinh the gioi dang da hoi phuc, kha nang tang vbn dau tu cho bat dong san tir ngubn FDI la hoan toan hien thuc Cac dir an dau tu loai co the thuc hien dubi dang 100% vbn nude ngoai hoac lien doanh vdi cac nha dau tu nude Day la mot giai phap vbn quan trong, cac nha quan ly thi trubng bat dong san 89 von va nang cao hieu qua dau tn th nguon von dau tn truc tiep cua nnoc ngoai Chuyen gia hang dau ve bat dong san cho rang, de tao thuan loi cho giai phap von nay, mot mat can nu dai v£ tiep can dat dai cho cac nha dau tn nuoc ngoai, nhung mat khac cung phai tim cach nang cao hieu qua dau tn cua FDI vao thi truong bat dong san 3.2.2.3 Tang cu’d'ng cong tac quan tri rui ro tai chinh: Cung voi xu the phat trien cua to chhc, tang cnong quan tri rui ro luon la yeu cau tat yeu moi hoat dong th kinh doanh den quan tri, nhat la cac to chhc tai chinh Rui ro tai chinh thnong co tac dong day chuyen va cong hnong Do do, doanh nghiep phai chu dong xay dung cho minh quy trinh danh gia va quan tri rui ro tai chinh phu hop, nham tu ve trnoc bien dong khon lnong cua thi trnong tai chinh Doi luc thieu hop ly, nhnng voi mot shc hap dan dac biet, thi trnong tai chinh vln dang song voi quy luat chung va rieng cua no, phat trien nhanh hon moi du doan va phat sinh nhung tinh huong hoan toan chna dnoc de cap den bat ky ly thuyet nao Ton tai nhn mot co che dap hng nhung nhu cau da dang ve cung cap va sh dung von, thi trnong tai chinh luon an chha nhieu rui ro anh hnong den su song cua cac doanh nghiep tham gia vao thi trnong Voi xu hnong toan cau hoa tai chinh, rui ro co the dang tiem an tai nhung thi trnong xa ve khoang cach dia ly nhung co kha nang gay nhung bien dong nghiem doi voi thi trnong tai chinh nnoc, gay nen thiet hai khon r Z > lnong doi voi hoat dong kinh doanh cua doanh nghiep.Rui ro tai chinh bat nguon th vo s6 cac giao dich lien quan truc tiep den tai chinh nhn mua ban, dau tn, vay no va mot so hoat dong kinh doanh khac hoac la he qua gian tiep cua cac chinh sach thay dOi quan ly, canh tranh, cac quan he quoc te va tham chi co the chi su thay doi cua thoi tiet hay hau Do nhung doi thay khong ngung tren thi trnong ma viec quan tri rui ro cung tro mot qua trinh bien hoa lien tuc cac phnong phap phong chong rui ro, dua tren du bao ve mhc bien dong cua gia ca, moi trnong kinh doanh, dieu kien chinh tri, kinh te xa hoi nnoc va quoc te 90 3.2.3 Nhom giaiphap ve to chuc va ngudn nhan luc 3.2.3.1 Hoan thien co cau td chuc phan nghien cuu thi truong va xay dung chien lupc kinh doanh.Trong nen kinh te thi trudng day canh tranh thi viec tim kiem thi trudng va tieu thu dupc san pham co y nghTa dac biet quan ddi vdi cac doanh nghiep, no la dieu kien de mdi doanh nghiep cd the tdn tai va phat trien dong thdi tao cho minh mot chd dung vung chac Vdi cac mat hang kinh doanh nhu cua Tap doan Nam Cudng thi cong viec kinh doanh hoan toan khac vdi viec kinh doanh cac mat hang tieu dung, bdi vi mat hang tieu dung thi khach hang la da so ngudi dan Con ddi vdi tap doan thi khac hang nam pham vi rat hep, khach hang dong thdi cung la ban hang, mot su bat on so cac ban hang cung anh hudng rat ldn tdi viec kinh doanh cua cong ty Do viec kinh doanh cua va nang cao kha nang canh tranh cua tap doan phu thuoc rat ldn vao viec nghien cuu, du bao ve thi trudng, tir co cac bien phap, phuong hudng dd xay dung chien lupc kinh doanh De cd the dat ket qua tot cong viec Cong ty can phai dao tao va nang cao doi ngu can bo va nhan vien, phai cd cac phong chuyen nghien cuu va xu ly cac thong tin tac dong va phan hoi lai tu phia thi trudng, dong thdi ddi vdi thi trudng nudc ngoai thi cdn phai cd doi ngu nhan vien am hidu ve kinh doanh quoc td, tranh tinh tranh bi thua thiet khong hidu biet ve luat phat cung nhu dd nhung so hd cong viec kinh doanh 91 phai co cac bien phap thu hut dupc cac nhan tai ve lam viec cho minh, ben canh can co cac bien phap dao tao, dao tao chuyen sau nhung can bo de co the trb long cot cua Cong ty Ngubn nhan luc nen duoc phan nhom, nhom lanh dao quan ly va nhom nhan vien trien khai, tu moi nhom se co cac giai phap chuyen biet nhu ben dubi day: - Nang cao trinh quan tri va dao tao doi ngu lanh dao doanh nghiep bat dong san Hai yeu to thiet yeu hinh nang luc tong hop cua mot doanh nhan la to chat cua chu doanh nghiep va nang luc quan ly Be phat trien cac nang lire noi tren, sir chu dong, tich cue phan dau cua ban than mbi doanh nhan la nhan to quyet dinh Trubc het doi ngu quan ly doanh nghiep can dupc chu nang cao nhung ky nang can thiet va cap nhat nhung kien thirc hien dai Mot sb kien thuc va ky nang co the da co nhung can dupc he thong hoa va cap nhat mbi Neu ket hpp nhung ky nang co ban vbi cac kien thirc quan tri co hieu qua se co tac dong quyet dinh doi vbi cac nha quan ly doanh nghiep bat dong san , qua gop phan lam tang kha nang canh tranh cua cac doanh nghiep bat dong san - Boi duong kien thirc bat dong san cho nhan vien hien tai va thu hut nhan cac doanh nghiep bat dong san noi rieng Db co doi ngu nhan vien co trinh chuyen mon nghiep vu cao, doanh nghiep phai co chien lupc dao tao va giu va thu hut ngubi tai De nang cao hieu qua lam viec, mbi doanh nghiep phai co chien lupc dao tao nghiep vu chuyen sau cho cac nhan vien chu chbt phu hpp vbi yeu cau cua minh timg thbi ky Do do, chuong trinh dao tao, ke hoach dao tao hieu qua chinh la mot nhung phuong thirc ma doanh nghiep sir dung de nang cao nang lire canh tranh Dbng thbi, doanh nghiep can chu xay dung chinh sach dai ngo nhu chinh sach luong, thuong hpp ly db giu bn dinh luong nhan vien cua minh, nhat la nhung nhan vien gioi.Ngoai ra, doanh nghiep nen ket hpp vbi cac trubng dai hoc cao dang de tuyen dung nhung sinh vien gioi sap trubng nham xay dung cho minh dpi ngu nhan vien tre, nang dong co thb dam nhiem cac vi tri chuyen mon quan sau 92 3.3 Mot so kien nghi vbi co quan Nha nu’bc 3.3.1 Kien nghi cfoi vbi Chinh phu - Hoan thien he thong chinh sach, hanh lang phap ly cho linh vuc bat dong san.Hinh cac to chuc quan ly Nha nubc du nang luc thuc thi cong tac quan ly va phat trien thi trubng bat dong san hieu qua - Chinh sach tien te can duoc van hanh chat che, linh hoat, co ke hoach phan bo deu nham bao dam tang trubng tin dung on dinh, dac biet dong von phai "chay" vao dung phan khuc thi truong bat dong san phuc vu da so nhu cau cua > r r ngubi dan Ben canh do, can tang cubng quan ly nha nubc doi vbi thi trubng bat dong san; kiem soat hieu qua dong tin dung vao bat dong san - BOng thbi can hoan chinh chinh sach nham huy dong toi da cac nguon luc tai chinh de phat trien thi trubng bat dong san; - Tiep tuc thuc hien cac chinh sach hb tro phat trien nha b xa hoi va nha b cho ngubi thu nhap thap khu vuc thi, phat trien nha b xa hoi cho thue 3.3.2 Kien nghi doi vbi Bo vay dung - Kip thbi co nhung bien phap nham bao ho cac doanh nghiep Bat dong san Ban hanh co che cu the de nhieu phan to chuc kinh te cO the tham gia dau tu vao thi truong bat dong san.CO chinh sach khuyen khich lap cac Hiep hoi hb tro cho cac doanh nghiep nganh - Hong vien nguOn vbn dan thOng qua hinh thuc mua ban bat dong san hinh tuong lai Giai phap se phat huy rit tot kha nang huy dong vdn dan nhat la ngubi tieu dung va cac nha dau tu ca nhan tin tubng, an tam vao su tang trubng cua thi trubng - Bong vien nguOn von dau tu, hop tac tu luc luong doanh nghiep thuoc linh vuc, loai hinh khac vao bat dong san, dac biet la nguOn von dau tu nubc ngoai FDI 93 Trinh chinh phu cho phep the chap bat dong san tai cac ngan hang nudc ngoai de tan dung dupc lai suat cho vay thap, thuong chi tir 4-5%/nam vdi tin dung bat dong san.Hien nay, theo luat, viec the chdp bdt dong san chi dupc phep tai cac ngan hang nudc, nhung luc lupng von cua cac TCTD khong cao Nghien cuu, md rong, phat tridn cac hinh thuc mdi nhu: quy tiet kiem, dau tu, tin thac bdt dong san (QTTBDS) QTTBDS la md hinh cong ty quan ly quy dau tu, nham dua lai nguon thu nhap thuong xuyen on dinh cho nha ddu tu, thong qua cac khoan dau tu tap trung vao cac loai bat dong san, san sinh thu nhap dinh ky Dac diem noi bat cua quy tin thac bat dong san la tap trung ddu tu vao nhung tai san bat dong san da hinh va da di vao hoat dong, cd nguon thu on dinh Tiep dd, cac du an dang khai thac, thay vi trudc day chu dau tu tu quan ly van hanh, thi nay, se dupc quan ly bdi cac cong ty chuyen nghiep vdi kinh nghiem r r yr •> quoc te Vi tinh on dinh va chuyen nghiep nay, quy tin thac dau tu bat dong san thich hpp cho cac nha dau tu lau dai, mong mudn cd su on dinh va ben vung cho thu nhap Md hinh co the lam on dinh nguon vdn cho thi trudng, khong phu thuoc vao nguon tin dung, cac chinh sach cho tin dung 3.3.3 Kien nghi ddi voi Bo Tai chinh - Kien nghi cho phep tiep tuc viec khoanh np, gian np cho doanh nghiep vi hien r r y r y cac doanh nghiep dang thieu vdn tram nhung lai kho tiep can nguon vdn, neu tiep can dupc cung khong dam vay tiep vi thi trudng vdn dang am dam - Kien nghi cho phep chu dau tu huy dong vdn cua ngudi mua nha chua lam xong mong va kiem soat su dung vdn da huy dong cua khach hang thong qua tai khoan tai cac ngan hang Hien nay, viec quy dinh chu dau tu chi dupc phep huy dong vdn tir khach hang da thi cong xong phan mong nham tranh tinh trang ban nha tren giay va bao ve khach hang la can thiet Tuy nhien, tren thuc te thi mot so chu dau tu van lach luat bang cac hinh thuc vay 94 y ' ' r von, gop von Chinh vi vay, viec bo quy dinh se giam bdt kho khan ve von cho doanh nghiep giai doan gap kho khan ve von - Ve chinh sach thue, kien nghi thirc hien khau tru thue thu nhap ca nhan cho ' a \ r r nguoi mua nha lan dau, vi nha b cung la nhu cau thiet yeu cua nguoi dan - Kien nghi dieu chinh chinh sach thue nha dat theo huong luy tien doi voi ngubi sir dung nha, dat cao hon han muc, hoac co nha dat nhung khong su dung Dac biet, de ho tro ngubi lao dong co thu nhap thap, nen mien le phi truoc ba ddi vdi ngubi dan mua can ho chung cu co dien tich dubi 60 m2 va ap dung cho ldn dau Dong thoi, nen giam 50% le phi truoc ba cho cac doi tuong ban nha de mua nha d khac nham cai thien dieu kien sdng, hoac ban nha dd mua nha d moi di chuyen chd d de phu hop vdi didu kien lam viec, hoc tap - Ngoai ra, cac to chuc tin dung cung can tang thoi han vay cho kinh doanh bdt dong san hon cac nganh nghe khac, phu hop vdi dac diem cua loai hinh kinh doanh co thoi gian thu hoi von dai 3.3.4 Kidn nghi vdi UBND phd Ha Noi - Kien nghi UBND phd Ha Noi tang cubng cong tac kiem tra giam sat cac du an dau tu va kinh doanh bat dong san nham lam minh bach hoa thi trubng, tao dieu kien canh tranh lanh manh cho cac doanh nghiep - Cho phep lap Hiep hoi bat dong san tai phd Ha Noi dd mot mat dam bao tieng noi cua cac doanh nghiep ddu tu kinh doanh bat dong san tai phd Ha Noi, dong thbi cung lam tang them quyen loi cua ngubi dan su dung san pham va dich vu bat dong san 95 KET LUAN Viec doanh nghiep tim cho minh mot cho dung vung chac, an toan x x r x r nen kinh te thi trudng la mot dieu het sue kho khan Tim nhung giai phap nham nang cao nang luc canh tranh cho cong ty cung vdi chinh muc dich tao cho cong ty mot cho dung, mot vi the tren thuong trudng Trong qua trinh nghien cuu, bam sat vao thuc tien hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh cua Tap doan kinh te tu nhan Nam Cudng nhung nam qua tdi thay mac du da dat dupe nhung tuu dang ke, Tap doan da cd cho dung vung chac tren thi trudng, cd dupe uy tin doi vdi khach hang, nhien de nang cao hon ntra kha nang canh tranh budc vao qua trinh hoi nhap kinh te khu vuc va the gidi thi Tap doan rat nhieu viec phai x or lam Mot mat Tap doan can hoan thien bo may to chuc va he thong quan ly dat tieu chuan ISO de dap ung yeu cau phat trien cua thi trudng; Dong thdi la xay dung dinh hudng phat tridn trung va dai han tren co sd md rong nhung khong mat tap trung, di sau vao cong tac quan ly van hanh du an dat chat Iupng cao nham phuc vu dap ung day du kip thdi nhu cdu cua ngudi dan, tien tdi xay dung thuong hieu Nam Cudng vung manh Ben canh la mot so kien nghi vdi cac co quan chuc nang de gop phan viec binh on thi trudng tao dieu kien cho dat nude phat trien, doanh nghiep vung manh, ngudi dan dupe hudng cuoc song dat tieu chuan Tren day la mot so nghien cuu va nhung y kien cua ca nhan tac gia vdi mong muon gop mot phan nho vao sir phat trien cua Tap doan kinh te tu nhan Nam Cudng vdi mong muon xay dung thuong hieu Nam Cudng ben vung, doanh nghiep vung manh tren thi truong bat dong san Tdi xin chan cam on sir giup tan tinh, sir hudng dan can ke cua giang vien - PGS, TS.Dang Van Thang de tdi cd the hoan dupe de tai “Nang cao nang luc canh tranh cua Tap doan kinh te tu nhan Nam Cudng” 96 TAI LIEU • THAM KHAO Cac Mac va F Angghen (1994), Mac va Angghen toan tap, NXB Chinh tri Quoc gia, Ha Noi Bach Thu Cudng (2002), Ban ve canh tranh toan cau, NXB Thong tan, Ha Noi Micheal Porter (2008), Chien lucre canh tranh, NXB Kinh te Ky thuat, Ha Noi Micheal Porter (2008), Lai the canh tranh quoc gia, NXB Khoa hoc Xa hoi, Ha Noi Fred R David (1995), Khai niem ve quan tri chien lucre, NXB Thong ke, Ha Noi G.H Peter (1995), Kha nang canh tranh cua doanh nghiep: Lyc thi trudng va lua chon chinh sach, NXB Khoa hoc Ky thuat, Ha Noi Nguyen Bach Khoa (2004), Phicangphap luan xac dinh nang lyc canh tranh va hoi nhap kinh te qudc te cua doanh nghiep, Tap chi Khoa hoc Thuong mai so 4+5, Ha Noi Truong Thi Hien (2007), Viet Nam gia nhap WTO - May vdn de ly luan va thyc tien, Tap chi phat trien nhan luc, so 1-2007 Paul A Samuelson va W.D Norhaus (2002), Kinh te hoc, NXB Thong ke, Ha Noi 10 Chien lucre canh tranh tren thi trudng quoc te- Vien nghien cuu kinh te Trung uong 11 Nien giam Thong ke (2008) r r VI.Kinh te thi trudng va chien lucre canh tranh doanh nghiep - Vien nghien cuu kinh te xa hoi Ha Noi 13 BCHTW Dang Cong san Viet Nam (2006), Vdn kien dai hoi dai bieu toan quoc lan thuX, NXB Chinh tri Quoc gia, Ha Noi 97 14 BCHTW Dang Cong san Viet Nam (2011), Van kien dai hoi dai bieu toan quoc ldn thicXl, NXB Chinh tri Quoc gia, Ha Noi 15 Dai hoc Kinh te Quoc dan (2010), Giao trinh kinh te chinh tri, Ha Noi 16 Dai hoc Kinh te Quoc dan (2010), Giao trinh kinh te phat trien, Ha Noi 17 Dai hoc Kinh te - Luat (2010), Giao trinh Luat canh tranh, Dai hoc Quoc gia TP HCM 18 Wikipedia 19 http://viettinnhanh.net/ 20 http://www.smic.org.vn/ 21 http://tntt.vn/ 22 http://www.centralbank.vn 23 http://www.petrotimes.vn 24 http://www,honviet.com.vn 25 http://www.thesaigontimes.vn 26 http://vneconomy.vn 27 http://doanhnhanvang.com 28 http://www.vccith.com.vn 29 http://cafef.vn 30 http://kinhtevadubao.vn 31 http://stox.vn 32 http://landtoday.net 33 http://sbv.org.vn 34 http://www.doanhnhan.net 35 http://www.namcuong.com.vn 36 Bao cao thuong nien cua Tap doan Nam Cirong