Nâng cao năng lực cạnh tranh của các doanh nghiệp bảo hiểm phi nhân thọ việt nam trong điều kiện hội nhập kinh tế quốc tế

TRUING DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN * * * daThoc ktqd TrTHdNGTl^THUyitM PHbNGLU^NAN-nrLlH TRAN ANH TUAN NANG CAO NANG LU'C CANH TRANH CUA CAC DOANH NGHlfiP BAO HIEM PHI NHAN THO VIET NAM TRONG DIEU KIEN HOI NHAP KINH TE QUOC TE CHUYfiN NGANH: KINH tE CHINH TRI LUAN VAN THAC SY KINH TE • • NGUOl HUONG DAN KHOA HOC PGS TS TO DtfC HANH THS 3*93 Ha NOi - 2008 MUC LUC Danh muc cac chu viet tat Danh muc cac bang bieu Tom tat luan van Chuang 1: CO SO LY LUAN VA THUC TIEN VE NANG CAO NANG LUC CANH TRANH CUA DNBH PNT VIET NAM TRONG AINU KIEN HOI NHAP KINH TE QUOC TE 1.1 CANH TRANH VA NANG LUC CANH TRANH CUA DOANH NGHIEP TRONG DIEU KIEN HOI NHAP KINH TE QUOC TE 1.1.1 Khai niem va phan loai canh tranh 1.1.2 Nang luc canh tranh va cac yeu to cau nang luc canh tranh cua doanh nghiep z z 1.1.3 Nhung nhan to anh huong den nang luc canh tranh cua doanh nghiep nen kinh te thi truong 12 1.2 NHUNG NHN HE CO BAN VE NANV CNO NANA LtfC CGNH TRANH _ — _ _ X — — — _ AAA CUA DN BHPNT VIET NAM TRONG AINU KIEN HOI NHAP KINH TE QUOC TE 18 1.2.1 Nhung van de co ban ve Bao hi£m phi nhan tho 18 1.2.2 Su can thiet phai nang cao nang luc canh tranh cua cac DN BHPNT > z r / dieu kien hoi nhap kinh te quoc te 24 1.2.3 Noi dung danh gia nang luc canh tranh cua DN BHPNT Viet Nam a z r r dieu kien hoi nhap kinh te quoc te 29 1.3 KINH NGHIEM NUOC NGOAI VE NANG CAO N&NG LUC CANH TRANH CUA CAC DN BHPNT 34 1.3.1 Kinh nghiem cua cac nuoc EU va Nhat Ban, My Latinh .34 1.3.2 Bai hoc kinh nghiem doi voi cac DN BHPNT Viet Nam 37 Chuang 2: THUC TRANG NANG LUC CANH TRANH CUA CAC DOANH NGHIEP BAO HIEM PHI NHON THO VIET NAM HIEN NAY 39 2.1 QUA TRINH HINH THANH VA PHAT TRINN CUA THI TRUING BAO HIEM VIET NAM 39 2.1.1 Giai doan 1965-1995 39 2.1.2 Giai doan 1995-8/2007 40 2.2 THUC TTLNNG NANG LLJTZ CANH TRANH CUA CAC DNBH PNT TRONG GIAI DOAN HIEN NAY 42 2.2.1 Thi phan va hieu qua kinh doanh cua cac DNBH PNT 42 2.2.2 Nang luc tai chinh va hont dong dau tu 50 2.2.3 San pham va chat luqng dich vu 55 2.2.4 He thOng phan phoi va marketing 60 2.2.5 Tguon nhan luc cua cac DNBH phi nhan tho 63 2.3 DANH GLA KHAI QUUC NTClG LUC CANH TRANH CIJA CAC DOANH NGHIEP BH PNT VIET NAM 65 2.3.1 Nhung ket qua dnt duqc 65 2.3.2 Han che va nguyen nhan 66 Chuang 3: PHUONG HUONG VA GIAI PHCP NHAM HOHG CAO NANG LUC CANH TRANH CUA CTC DOANH NGHIEP BAO HIEM PHI NHAN THO VIET HAM TRONG DIEU KIEN HOI NHAP KINH TE QUOC TE 77 3.1 PHUONG HUOTG NANG CAO NANG Ltfc CANH TRANH CUA DOANH - ■» A * NGHIEP BAO HIEM PHI THON THO 77 3.1.1 Ca hoi va thach thuc doi vdi DN BHPNT Viet Nam qua trinh hoi nhap kinh te quoc te 77 3.1.2 PhuunnhuUnn nanncco nann luc ccnh tranh cca ccc DD BIIPNT Viet Nam 3.2 MOT SO GIAI PHAP C HH TTU NHAM NtHAG CNO NANG LHC CALC TRANH CTC DNBH PTTVIET NAM TRONG DIEU KIEN HOI NHAP KINH TE QUOC TM 84 3.2.1 Giai phcp ve phia nha nunc 84 f 3.2.2 Giai phcp ve phia doanh nghiep kinh doanh bao hiem 89 3.2.3 Mot so giai phcp khac 105 3.3 KIEMNGHH 106 KMT LUAT .108 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 109 DANH MUC CHU VIET TAT z * ASEAN Hiep hoi cac quoc gia Dong Nam A ATGT An toan giao thong Bao Minh Tong cong ty co phan bao hiem Bao Minh Bao Viet Tong cong ty bao hiem Viet Nam BHPNT Bao hiem phi nhan tho DNBH Doanh nghiep bao hiem DNBHVN Doanh nghiep bao hiem Viet Nam FDI Von dau tu truc tiep nuoc ngoai PJICO Cong ty Co phan Bao hi£m Petrolimex PVI Tong cong ty co phan Bao hiem Dau Viet Nam WTO To chuc thuvng mai the gioi DANH MUC BANG BIEU ♦ A Bieu 1.1 : Cac chi tieu phan anh nang luc canh tranh cua DNBH 30 Bieu 1.2: Chuoi gia tri huong toi khach hang 32 Bieu 2.1 : Doanh thu phi BHPNT toan thi truong giai doan 2003 - 2007 43 Bieu 2.2: Thi phan cua cac cong ty BHPNT nam 2007 46 Bieu 2.3: Nguon von dau tu cua cac DNBH giai doan 1994-2004 53 Bang 1.1: Tong hop cac chi tieu hieu qua kinh doanh cua doanh nghiep 30 Bang 2.1: Thi phan theo doanh thu bao hiem goc cua cac DNBH PNT giai doan 2003 - 2007 46 Bang 2.2: Hieu qua kinh doanh cua Bao Viet, PJICO, Bao Minh, PVI giai doan 2003-2007 48 Bang 2.3 Von dieu le cua mot so DNBHPTN nam 2006 thoi diem 3/2007 51 Bang 2.4: Co cau dau tu cua cac DNBH tai Viet Nam phan theo loai hinh doanh nghiep (2004) 54 Bang 2.5: Mot so loai hinh san pham bao hiem 58 TRUONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN * * * TRAN ANH TUAN NANG CAO NANG LUC CANH TRANH CUA CAC DO ANH NGHIEP BAO HIEM PHI NHAN THO VIET NAM TRONG DIPT KIEN HOI NHAP KINH TE QUOC TE CHUYfiN NGANH: KINH TE CHINH TRI X /\ w ~ TOM TAT LUAN VAN THAC SY Ha Noi - 2008 LOI MO DAU Tinh cap thiet cua de tai z x z z Hoi nhap kinh te quoc te noi chung cua Viet Nam, co hoi nhap quoc te linh vuc bao hiem la mot nhu cau khach quan, xuat phat tu nhu cau thuc te cua su phat trien kinh te dat nunc hong boi canh su phat trien kinh te toan clu hoa Su can thiet cua hoi nhap quoc te o linh vuc dich vu bao hiem rat duoc quan tam, chu trong hoi nhap dich vu tai chinh nham thu hut cac nguon von dau tu, tranh thu cong nghe va kinh nghiem cua nunc ngoai tao bunc dot pha phat trien cho cac doanh nghiep nunc Boi vi hoat dong kinh doanh bao hiem la nganh dich vu tai chinh mang tinh quoc te sau sac Dieu xuat phat tu ban chat cua hoat dong kinh doanh bao hiem theo nguyen tac phan bo rui ro va dieu kien rui ro luon van dong, khong chi gini han mot quoc gia ma co the di chuyen den mot hoac A z e ■» ' ’ nhieu nunc khac, co lien quan den quyen loi cua cac to chuc va ca nhan thuoc nhieu quoc tich, su phat trien cua hoat dong kinh doanh bao hi£m o Viet Nam khong the tach roi va dung ngoai xu the hoi nhap quoc te Vai tro cua ngan hang kinh te duoc khang dinh tai Chien luoc phat trien kinh te - xa hoi 2001-2010 va Phuong huong nhiem vu ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi nam 2001-2005 tai Dai hoi lln thu IX cua Dang: "Chu dong hoi nhap quoc te Mo rong cac dich vu tai chinh - tiln te nhu tin dung, bao hiem To chuc van hanh an toan, hieu qua thi truong chung khoan, thi truong bao hi£m, tung bunc mo rong quy mo va pham vi hoat dong, k£ z A AZ ca viec thu hut von nunc ngoai" Dong thoi, Chien luoc tai chinh - tien te Viet Nam giai doan 2001-2010 cung neu ro giai phap chien luoc hoi nhap tai chinh tien te Z » z Z quoc te la "cung co va phat trien cac hoat dong cung ung dich vu tai chinh, bao hiem xay dung, hoan thien he thong chuan muc va he thong chi tieu danh gia muc an toan ve kinh doanh bao hiem" V » A V Trunc nhu cau phat trien manh me cua nganh bao hiem de dap ung cac nhu A Z A Z Z Z cau cua nen kinh te quoc dan, viec tung budc hoi nhap quoc te linh vuc bao • ’ z z hiem la mot tat yeu khach quan, tao cho cac DNBH Viet Nam noi chung va cac DNBH PNT noi rieng nhieu co hoi va trien vong nhung cung dat khong it nhung thach thuc cho cac DNBH giai doan tni, dac biet la phai doi mat vni su canh z hanh rat lnn tu cac doanh nghiep nunc ngoai Vi vay cac DNBH Viet Nam co BHPNT can phai chuan bi tot cac nhan to duoc coi la nang luc canh tranh nham co duoc mot vi the tot tren thi truong bao hiem nunc ta va khu vuc 11 * Xuat phat tu ly do, tac gia chon de tai “Nang cao nang luc canh tranh cua cac DNBH PNT Viet Nam dieu kien hoi nhap kinh te qudc te” co y nghia ca ve ly luan va thuc tien r r z f Ket cau cua luan van : Ngoai phan mo dau va ket luan, luan van duoc ket cau lam chuong, gom: Chuung1 CO SO LY LUAN VA THUC TIEN VE NANG CAO NANG LUC CANH TRANH CUA DOANH NGHIEP BAO HIEM PHI NHAN THO VIET NAM TRONG DIEU KIEN HOI NHAP KINH TE QUOC TE 1.1 CANH TCANH VA NHNG LU'CGA.Nl I TTANH CUAIMCANI I NGfflEP TRONG DIEU KIEN HOI NHAP KINH TE QUOC TE + Khai niem canh tranh: Canh tranh la quan he kinh te ma a cac chu the kinh te ganh dua tim moi bien phap de dat muc tieu kinh te cua minh, thong thudng la chiem linh thi truong, gianh lay khach hang cung nhu cac dieu r r kien san xuat, thi trudng co lai nhat + Phan loai canh tranh Tuy vao nhung dieu kien khac ma nguoi ta co the phan loai canh tranh nhu sau: - Can cu vao loai thi truong ma canh tranh dien ra, co canh tranh tren cac thi truong dau vao nham gianh duoc cac nguon luc san xuat co chit luong tot va chi phi thap nhat; canh tranh tren thi truong san pham nham chiem lmh thi truong, tang thi phan, gianh khach hang, canh tranh hoan hao va khong hoan hao - Can cu theo phuong thuc canh tranh, co canh tranh bang gia ca va canh tranh phi gia - Can cu vao loai chu the tham gia canh tranh, co canh tranh giua nguoi mua va nguoi ban, canh tranh giua nhung nguoi ban vdi va canh tranh giua nhung nguoi mua vdi - Theo pham vi canh tranh, co canh tranh noi bo nganh va canh tranh giua cac nganh, canh tranh pham vi lanh tho quoc gia va canh tranh quoc te + Nhung tac dong cua canh tranh doi vdi nen kinh te - Tac dong tich cuc: Canh tranh la dong luc thuc day su phat trien cua nen kinh te thi truong Canh tranh buoc cac chu the kinh te phai thuong xuyen cai tien ky thuat, ap dung iii r z t cong nghe moi, nang cao nang suat lao dong va chat luong san pham, nhay ben, nang dong, to chuc quan ly co hieu qua de gianh uu the so voi doi thu canh tranh va dat duoc muc dich kinh doanh - Tac dong tieu cyc: r r Canh tranh co the dan den tinh trang "ca lon nuot ca be", lam gia tang cac thu r r r doan canh tranh khong lanh manh nhu lam hang gia, tron lau thue, an cap ban z z z quyen, mua chuoc, hoi lo, lfra dao, tung tin that thiet pha hoai uy tin cua doi thu, vi pham phap luat, lam xau di cac quan he xa hoi + Nang lyc canh tranh cua doanh nghiep » » z z z z Nang lyc canh tranh cua doanh nghiep la tong the cac yeu to gan tryc tiep z vai hang hoa cung vai cac dieu kien, cong cu va bien phap cau kha nang cua yr doanh nghiep viec ganh dua nham chiem linh thi truang, gianh khach hang va dem lai nhieu lai ich cho doanh nghiep 1.2 NHU*NG VAN DE CO IBAN VE NANG CAO NANG LtfC CANH TRANH CUA DN BHPNT VIET NAM TRONG DIEU KIEN HOI • • • NHAP • KINH TE QUOC TE + Bao hiem phi nhan tho Bao hiem la cach thuc xu ly rui ro, theo viec chuyen giao, phan tan rui ro tung nhom nguai duac thyc hien thong qua hoat dong kinh doanh bao hiem cua cac to chuc bao hiem * Dac trung cua kinh doanh bao hiem phi nhan tho Mot la, doi tuong kinh doanh da dang Hai la, hoat dong kinh doanh bao hiem co von phap dinh lon Ba la, hoat dong kinh doanh bao hiem luon luon phai co du phong nghiep vu bao hiem z f r r y Bon la, hoat dong kinh doanh bao hiem luon luon gan ket voi hoat dong dau tu Nam la, hoat dong kinh doanh bao hiem vfra hop tac vua canh tranh Sau la, hoat dong kinh doanh bao hiem phai tuan thu quy dinh cua Luat Kinh Doanh bao hiem, cac quy dinh khac cua phap luat co lien quan va cac dieu uoc quoc te ma Viet Nam da ky ket hoac tham gia * Vai tro cua cac doanh nghiep bao hiem phi nhan tho » •> Mot la, cong ty bao hiem phi nhan tho co vai tro lon viec on dinh kinh te xa hoi dac biet dieu kien thien tai tham khoc Hai la, cac cong ty bao hiem phi nhan tho cung dong vai tro quan trong thi truong tai chinh co yeu hon cac cong ty bao hiem nhan tho han ch£ v£ r •» r luong von nhan roi xuat phat tu dac diem nghiep vu, dam bao cho thi truong bao hiem phi nhan tho phat trien Ba la, hoat dong kinh doanh bao hiem phat trien gop phan cai thien moi truong dau tu Bon la, cac doanh nghiep bao hiem voi viec nam giu qui tien te bao hiem rdt lon nhung tam thoi nhan roi da tro nhung nha dau tu lon + Su can thiet phai nang cao nang luc canh tranh cua cac DN BHPNT dieu kien hoi nhap kinh te quoc te z z a * - Canh tranh la quy luat tat yeu cua nen kinh te thi truong - Voi xu the hoi nhap noi chung va DNBH Viet Nam noi rieng de khing dinh z z vi the tren thi truong bat buoc cac DNBH phai nang cao nang luc canh tranh cua minh - Cac DN BHPNT nuoc so voi doanh nghiep nuoc ngoai kem v£ tiem luc tai chinh, kinh nghiem va trinh phat trien + Nhung noi dung danh gia nang luc canh tranh cua DN BHPNT Viet Nam dieu kien hoi nhap kinh te quoc te ♦ z - Hieu qua kinh doanh: Ta co the su dung he thong cac chi tieu tai chinh nham danh gia hieu qua tai chinh cua doanh nghiep Doanh nghiep can dinh ky danh gia va phan tich moi quan he so sanh voi doanh nghiep khac - Chat luong dich vu: Danh gia chat luong hoat dong: chat luong cua chuoi gia tri cung cap cho khach hang phu thuoc vao tong hop cac nhan to nhu: chat luong cac hoat dong khai thac, giam dinh, cham soc khach hang, giam dinh, bdi thuong, cac dich vu phu tro - Doi moi hoat dong kinh doanh: Viec danh gia cac chi tieu lien quan tdi toc dua cac san pham mdi, phat trien nhan luc mot khoang thoi gian Dua tren he thong thong tin thi truong co duoc, doanh nghiep hoan toan co the tien hanh nhung phan tich va danh gia - Su hai long cua khach hang: Khach hang se cam thay hai long ho nhan dich vu dung (dap ung nhu cau giao dich), chat luong dung (nhu khach hang mong doi), gia ca dung (nhu khach hang cho la hop ly) va thoi gian dung - Su khac biet ve dia vi phap ly cua doanh nghiep so voi cac loai hinh doanh nghiep khac: Cung hoat dong tren cung mot lanh tho, nhien cac loai hinh doanh nghiep khac lai co nhung co che quan ly khac Do vay danh gia nang luc canh tranh, nguoi ta cung can phai xem xet den cac yeu to nhu ve vOn, v£ 97 vien ngan hang de ban cac san pham bao hiem khach hang cua ngan hang can mua bao hiem r r r t t Qua nghien cuu thuc te cho thay, cac kenh phan phoi san pham bao hiem ma cac DNBH Viet Nam don dieu, chua phong phu va da dang Vi vay de phat trien viec tieu thu san pham, ma rong thi truong kinh doanh, cac DNBH cin thuc z ' z •> z + Doi vdi kenh phan phoi chinh, truyen thdng, cac DNBH can soat, to chuc lai va tiep tuc phat trien Loai bo nhung dai ly hoat dong kem hieu qua hoac loi dung de true loi bat hop phap, phat trien nhung dai ly mdi d nhung vung, nhung noi cd san pham den Dai ly bao hiem la ngudi true tiep dem cac san pham bao •> z z hiem tiep can vdi khach hang cho nen phai nang cao chat luong phuc vu cua doi ngu qua cac chuong trinh huan luyen va dao tao chuyen mon + Phat trien kenh phan phoi dai ly bao hiem chuyen nghiep nham gan kdt r a r quyen loi va nghia vu cua dai ly ddi vdi doanh nghiep, dam bao chat luong cua san pham va dich vu phan phoi, tao co hoi cho dai ly bao hiem phat trien nghe nghiep lau dai vdi DNBH + Phat trien sau rong kenh phan phoi san pham bao hiem qua he thdng ngan •» hang: cac chuong trinh bao hiem cua doanh nghiep se duoc dua tdi khach hang thdng qua he thdng van phong, chi nhanh cua ngan hang tren khap ca nudc Ngupc lai, cac ngan hang cung cd the cung ung cac dich vu cua ngan hang cho cac DNBH ? » Z / + Td chuc va phat trien cac kenh phan phoi mdi Ngoai cac kenh phan phoi > r \ t chinh, truyen thdng dang su dung, cac doanh nghiep can nghien cuu td chuc va phat trien cac kenh phan phoi mdi nhu lien ket, lien doanh vdi cac ngan hang, cac td chuc tin dung, quy ho tro phat trien hay buu dien nham dua san pham bao hiem 98 cua minh tai tan tay khach hang mot each thuan lgi han, dong thdi co ca hoi su dung cac nghiep vu cua qua trinh phat trien md rong thi truong Phat trien va hoan thien kenh phan phoi san pham co vai trd va y nghia quan trong viec ton tai va phat trien cua doanh nghiep kinh doanh bao hiem Day la mot giai phap khong the thieu dugc hoat dong kinh doanh cua DNBH tren thit truong hien 3.2.2.5 Phat trien va hoan thien hoat dong Marketing •> A A X Nganh bao hiem can phai quang ba tdi cong chung ve bao hiem va tarn quan cua no cuoc song cua moi ngudi dan Mot su gia tang ve nhan thuc va ldn han ve sau Ddng thdi nd se rat quan de dam bao cung cap cho khach hang nhung thdng tin cap nhat Nd dat viec san sang lam thoa man dich vu sau z ■> ban hang Cac cong ty bao hiem phai luon td cam thdng va nhay ben ddi vdi nhung khach hang ma ho dang gap cac van de vudng mac ho dua khidu nai hoac tim kiem su boi thudng, bang viec cung cap nhung nhan vien co du nang luc, gidi ky thuat va cd day su cam thdng de giai quyet chia se kho khan vdi khach hang cung la mot each thuc Nhung nd luc tan tarn phuc vu khach hang phai dugc quan tarn se la each de xoa bo tinh trang quan lieu, cua quyen giai quyet vAn dd cua khach hang, chiem dugc long tin cua khach hang, giu uy tin cua nganh bao hiem noi chung va vi tri thi trudng cua mdi cong ty bao hiem noi rieng Trong cac cong ty bao hiem nudc yeu ca ve vdn va cong nghe, ho phai ddi dau vdi cac doi thu canh tranh la cac td chuc bao hiem nudc ngoai manh r i r f khu vuc cung nhu cac td chuc thuong mai quoc td Cac cong ty bao hiem Viet Nam x r x •> t can phai cung cd dau tu cho phat trien quy md, cong nghe kinh doanh bao hiem: ky thuat nghien cuu nghiep vu, nang cao trinh quan ly doanh nghiep 99 Phai giup cho khach hang, cho ngudi dan hieu ro ve bao hiem, san ph 4m bao ■» A r t \ r hiem, quyen loi va nghia vu tham gia bao hiem Phai nam bat duoc nhu cau bao hiem cua khach hang hien tai cung nhu khach hang tiem nang, tinh hinh cung - ciu tren thi truong de xay dung chien luge san pham (mot vu sac ben de canh tranh tren thi truong); phai co chien luge ve gia ca (phi bao hiem), chien luge xue tien va ~ r z t ho trg kinh doanh, chien luge phan phoi san pham phu hgp voi tung giai doan phat * * A trien kinh doanh cua doanh nghiep Cac doanh nghiep kinh doanh bao hiem can phoi hgp voi co quan chu quan, bao chi, truyen thong cung hgp tac tuyen truydn quang cao gia tri dich thuc cua bao hiem cung nhu san pham bao hiem tren thi T thi truong bao hiem se phat trien nhanh va manh hon 3.2.2.6 Ma rong hoat dong dau tu de bao toan va nhan vdn Kinh doanh bao hiem khong giong cac nganh kinh doanh khac xa hoi, day la nganh kinh doanh kha dac biet Khi hgp dong bao hiem dugc ky ket, nguoi kinh doanh bao hiem tien hanh thu phi truoc cua khach hang Sau do, bang su cam z z z ket cua minh doi voi khach hang, cac DNBH se thuc hien trach nhiem doi vdi khach hang, vi vay ngudi ta ggi kinh doanh bao hiem co "chu trinh san xuat ngugc" Jrong hoat dong kinh doanh bao hiem, cac DNBH luon phai quan ly mot nguon vdn ldn va on dinh, day chinh la nguon vdn nhan roi, goi la quy du phong nghiep vu cua cac DNBH Phap luat cho phep cac DNBH dugc phep su dung nguon vdn ■> A Z A de dau tu phat trien nham bao toan va nhan vdn Viec dau tu de bao toan va nhan vdn DNBH vua la quyen lgi, vtra la trach nhiem cua doanh nghiep Kdt qua kinh doanh cua DNBH khong phai chi la lgi nhuan hoat dong thu phi bao hidm mang lai, ma chu yeu la ket qua dau tu tai chinh dudi nhieu hinh thuc dua ddn Hoat dong dau tu de bao toan va nhan vdn la mot giai phap rat quan Z e Z Z t A A Z doi vdi cac DNBH neu muon ton tai va phat trien Song van de dat la tim each ■> A nao de dau tu cho vua phu hgp vdi kha nang cua minh, vtra dam bao muc sinh loi A Z A A cao, nham trudc het dam bao quyen lgi cho khach hang, ddng thdi dat dugc muc tieu lgi nhuan va phat trien Thuc te hoat dong dau tu cua cac DNBH tren thi trudng 100 bao hiem Viet Nam cho thay, str luan chuyen ddng von dau tir hien chua hieu qua, pham vi dau tu hep, chua da dang Co hoi dau tu cho cac DNBH tai Viet Nam qua it Thi truong chung khoan Viet Nam cham phat trien nen chua thd la mot kenh dau tu von hap dan ddi vdi cac DNBH Them vao do, so du an keu goi gop vdn cd phan, gop vdn lien doanh dam bao muc tin tudng va kha nang sinh ' a r loi hop ly khong co nhieu, tinh hinh cung tuong tu ddi vdi cac du an huy dong vdn vay de phat trien san xuat kinh doanh Trong do, ve phia cac DNBH thi sd luong cac san pham dau tu hoan thien, phu hop vdi dac thu kinh doanh bao hiem van han che Ket qua la nhieu DNBH cuoi cung van chi tap trung chu yeu gui tien vao ngan hang cd ky han va mua trai phieu chinh phu - khien cho hieu qua d&u tu thap De bao toan va nhan vdn tao su phat trien, cac DNBH can thuc hien cac giai phap cu the sau day: + Manh dan dau tu vao thi trudng chung khoan Kinh nghiem cua thi trudng AZ r Z bao hiem the gidi cho thay day la hinh thuc dau tu chu yeu cua cac doanh nghiep kinh doanh bao hiem, d nhieu nudc ty le co the len tdi 80% tong vdn dau tu cua Z doanh nghiep bao hiem Tuy nhien chung khoan chi la nhung giay td cd gia, chu khong phai la tai san thuc, qua trinh luu thdng cua nd duoc van hanh theo mot quy che dac biet, vi vay de dam bao an toan, cac DNBH chi nen dau tu vao nhung chung khoan da duoc dang ky tren thi trudng chung khoan Mua trai phieu chinh phu - day la hinh thuc dau tu chu yeu hien cua cac doanh nghiep kinh doanh bao hiem Viet Nam Vdi hinh thuc dau tu nay, lai suat khong cao nhung co uu didm la tinh an toan duoc bao dam Mua cd phieu doanh nghiep, cong trinh - day cung la hinh thuc dau tu phd Z A ' r bien dupe nhieu DNBH quan tam sau trai phieu chinh phu Song ddi vdi hinh thuc dau tu nay, an toan cua vdn can phai luu y + Dau tu kinh doanh bat dong san Hinh thuc dau tu hudng tdi loi ich A Z A tuong lai, vi vay hoat dong dau tu phai tren co sd gan lien vdi chinh sach quy hoach va phat trien, dn dinh mdi cd the giam thieu duoc rui ro dau tu 101 + De nghi Nha nudc cho phep ma rong hinh thuc dau tu kinh doanh tin dung, dau tu nudc ngoai de cac DNBH co them co hoi hoat dong kinh A A Z doanh dau tu nham dat hieu qua hon nua hoat dong bao toan va nhan vdn Bao toan nguon vdn hoat dong kinh doanh bao hiem tren thi trudng canh tranh nong va soi dong nhu hien la deu khong de dang ddi vdi cac DNBH Song phat trien va nhan vdn nham tang sue manh kinh doanh bao hiem lai cang kho hon Nhung vdi su tro giup cua Nha nudc va nd luc tich cue cua nganh •> r •> AAA r r bao hiem, chac chan hoat dong dau tu nham bao ton va phat trien vdn cac DNBH cua Viet Nam se dat hieu qua cao hon 3.2.2.7 Hien dai hoa cong nghe quan ly va kinh doanh bao hiem Cac DN phai van dung khoa hoc cong nghe, dac biet la cong nghe thdng tin vao qua trinh khai thac va quan ly hoat dong kinh doanh bao hiem nham tang hieu •> r qua kinh doanh, nang cao chat luong san pham qua cac dich vu sau ban, giam chi phi quan ly, thap phi bao hiem tang cudng nang luc canh tranh mot each binh dang tren thi trudng Cac DNBH nhan tho cung da cong viec dau tu A A A may chu va dua phan mem quan ly dai ly tri gia tren 500 trieu ddng vao hoat dong A nham dua danh sach den cac dai ly bao hiem da vi pham quy dinh tai Thdng tu 98 cua Bo Tai chinh, nang cao chat luong tuyen chon va dao tao dai ly Dd la mot buoc khdi dau tot dep cho cac DN BHPNT hoc tap Ngay cd rat nhieu DN quan tarn den viec xay dung he thdng quan ly dat tieu chuan ISO 9001 : 2000 (nhu Bao a a r \ Minh, Bao Viet) va dua cac phan mem ke toan ve quan ly tai chinh vao hoat dong z ' Dd la nhung buoc di dung dan ma cac DN phai dau tu nhieu hon nua Cac DNBH can phai xay dung phan mem tin hoc hien dai phuc vu viec thdng ke rui ro, ton that cac nghiep vu bao hiem Thdng ke rui ro ton that va thdng ke nhung van de cd lien quan den hoat dong kinh doanh cac DNBH la mot van dd cd y nghia het sue quan doi vdi su ton tai va phat trien cua cac DNBH, bdi le: Z A - Chuong trinh thdng ke ve rui ro se giup cho cac DNBH tinh toan duoc mot each chinh xac cac loai rui ro cd the tac dong den doanh nghiep cua minh va muc anh hudng cua cac loai rui ro doi vdi tung nghiep vu bao hiem ma doanh 102 nghiep dang trien khai tren thi truong, tir de dupe cac bien phap phong tranh nham nang cao hieu qua hoat dpng kinh doanh cua minh - Cac loai dur phong ky thuat DNBH chi co the dupe tinh toan mot each day du va chinh xac va chi cac DNBH co chuong trinh thong ke rui ro ton that Thong qua phan mem tin hoc ddi voi viec thong ke nay, cac DNBH co the cap nhat dupe so lieu hang mot each day du ve so luong hop dong bao hiem dupe ky ket ngay, so luong hop dong bi huy bo, so luong cac vu ton that xay vao bat ky thoi diem nao cua tung loai hop dong bao hiem khac - Neu nhu khong co cac phan mem thong ke lien quan den cac hoat dong cac DNBH thi doanh nghiep se khong the nao ap dung dupe cac phuong phap tinh du phong ky thuat hien dai phu hop vdi ban chat cua hoat dong kinh doanh bao hiem, va nhu vay, viec danh gia nhung khoan no ma DNBH phai tra ddi vdi khach hang se khong chinh xac, khong danh gia dung dupe kha nang toan cua DNBH Dieu cung ddng nghia vdi viec khong the danh gia dung nang luc tai chinh cac DNBH Su dung triet de nhung tuu mdi cua cong nghe thong tin phuc vu cho hoat dong quan ly va kinh doanh bao hiem la mot nhung giai phap het sue can thiet ddi vdi cac doanh nghiep kinh doanh bao hiem hien Cac DNBH mudn phat huy het nang luc canh tranh cua minh tren thi trudng phai xay dung va hien dai hoa he thong cong nghe tin hoc ung dung hoat dong quan ly nghiep vu, tai chinh, phuc vu khach hang Trong dac biet chu viec ung dung cong nghe tin hoc qua trinh phan tich va danh gia rui ro, tinh phi bao hiem, trich lap quy du phong nghiep vu, phan tich he thong bao cao thong tin tai chinh, phan tich va quan tri he thong du lieu, du bao xu hudng phat trien thi trudng Xay dung he thong giao dich tren mang, lap dia chi website, ung dung cong nghe tin hoc 103 r t z r ■> thap phi bao hiem, dam bao chat luong san pham va dich vu cung cap, tu nang cao nang luc canh tranh cua doanh nghiep tren thi truong 3.2.2.8 Chu dao tao, phat trien nguon nhan lire DN phai luon tang cuong cong tac dao tao ve dao due nghe nghiep cho cac ly,van hoa kinh doanh cua DN va cua nganh bao hiem, nghiem cam triet de cac nhan vien va dai ly thuc hien chinh sach phi bao hiem tran lan va tang chi hoa hong trai quy dinh cua phap luat Neu co hanh vi vi pham phai xu phat nghiem minh nhu dudi viec, tru luong Ben canh nang cao y thuc van hoa kinh doanh cua X f nganh nghe, DN cung phai thuong xuyen to chuc cac chuong trinh dao tao phat trien chuyen mon nghiep vu cua doi ngu nhan vien, de nang cao chat luong san X » X pham, kinh doanh bang nang luc that su cua minh chu khong phai bang cac sach luoc thieu minh bach va canh tranh khong cong bang X Z ? Ben canh do, cac DNBH can chu y, la co che tuyen dung va su dung lao dong, boi no khong chi dam bao chat luong, hieu qua, nang xuat lao dong cua DNBH ma co anh hudng rat ldn dinh hudng hoat dong dao tao nguon nhan •> X XX luc bao hiem xa hoi Bang viec xac dinh ro cac tieu chi yeu cau ve trinh do, nang luc tuyen dung va tao co hoi thang tien, DNBH se cho xa hoi bidt ho x x z x can cai gi d ngudi lao dong va mdi thu hut duoc nguon nhan luc chat luong tien nang vao nghe bao hiem Thuc te, viec tuyen dung va su dung lao dong cua mot sd DNBH hien chua khuyen khich viec tao nguon va nang cao trinh cua luc luong lao dong nganh bao hiem Khong it sinh vien duoc dao tao rat bai ban nhung da khong co co hoi su dung kien thuc va phan ung day truyen la cang hidm nhung ngudi tre tudi mao hiem chap nhan thu thach cua mot "nguong cua vo hinh" cua cac chuyen vien tinh phi bao hiem Mat khac, can phai co mot luc luong nhan su mang tinh chuyen nghiep co kha nang chuyen mon cao DNBH thi mdi cd the phat huy dupe nang luc canh 104 tranh cho nganh bao hiem Viet Nam Dai bo phan cac DNBH tai Viet Nam da chu den van de dao tao va dao tao lai de nang cao trinh chuyen mon cho cac can bo nhan vien doanh nghiep Tuy nhien, can phai thira nhan rang de co thd co dirge luc lugng lao dong co nang luc chuyen mon cao thi phai mat nhidu thoi vi vay luc lugng lao dong mdi dugc tuyen dung vao DNBH cung nhu luc lugng lao •> A A dong lam dai ly bao hiem cang can dugc dao tao nhieu hon De dam bao nguon nhan luc ca ve so lugng cung nhu chat lugng, cac DNBH can tap trung vao cac giai phap sau: + Coi hon nua viec dao tao va dao tao lai nguon nhan luc dang dam nhan hoat dong quan ly va kinh doanh bao hiem bang nhieu hinh thuc nhu ngan han va dai han, nudc va ngoai nudc + Hgp tac chat che vdi cac trudng dai hoc, trung hoc day nghe, cac td chuc cd lien quan tdi nghiep vu kinh doanh bao hiem va ngoai nudc viec dao tao, boi dudng, nang cao kien thuc chuyen mon phuc vu nhu cau kinh doanh bao hidm •> r + Luon bo sung va cap nhat cac kien thuc mdi hoat dong kinh doanh bao hiem + Xay dung quy trinh tuyen dung, bo nhiem, su dung, bai mien can bo mot each chat che z r + Phan cap va xac dinh rd rang trach nhiem cua tung chuc danh chu chot, tung ca nhan hoat dong kinh doanh khai thac, danh gia rui ro, xac dinh phi AZA bao hiem, trich lap quy du phong nghiep vu, giam dinh boi thudng va cac van de phap ly khac cua doanh nghiep + Cd chinh sach ho trg, khuyen khich viec dao tao cac chuyen gia gidi mot so linh vuc quan cua hoat dong quan ly va kinh doanh bao hiem nhu tinh phi bao hiem, quan ly rui ro, dau tu va quan ly vdn dau tu 105 a X X ' + Xay dung chinh sach tien luong, tien thuong hop ly va gan vdi hieu qua X X hoat dong, dam bao thu nhap cua ngudi lao dong nham thu hut va tri nguon nhan luc co chuyen mon cao Loi ich trudc mat cung nhu loi ich lau dai cua hoat dong dao tao, phat trien nguon nhan luc bao hiem duoc the hien rat ro Van de co ban la cac giai phap dua ra, tung doanh nghiep se lira chon nhung giai phap phu hop vdi dieu kien cua minh de mang lai loi ich cao cho doanh nghiep 3.2.3 Mot so giai phap khac Mot la, Cac DNBH phai tang cudng hop tac vdi de cung phat trien va khai thac thi trudng Bdi thi trudng bao hiem la mot thi trudng doc quydn nhom nen chi can mot DNBH cd bieu hien cua canh tranh khong lanh manh nhu phi bao hiem hay tang chi hoa hong cho dai ly hay thuc hien chi hoa hdng cho khach thi lap tuc se kho ngan can cac DN lai hanh dong “theo dudi” Bdi » X A trudng canh tranh binh dang la dieu vo cung quan Bang viec hop tac cac linh vuc dao tao doi ngu tu van bao hiem, dai ly bao hiem, cong tac phong ngira va chong gian lan, true loi bao hiem, xay dung uy tin, quang ba hinh anh tot dep vd nganh dac biet la viec tao lap va tri su canh tranh binh dang tren thi trudng bao hiem Viet Nam dieu kien kinh te hoi nhap hien Mot mdi trudng canh tranh lanh manh khong the duoc tao lap chi dudi su didu hanh cua Nha nudc hay su nd lire cua ca nhan mot cong ty bao hiem nao ma ddi hoi phai co sir thong nhat tu tuong va hanh dong cua Chinh phu cung nhu cac DNBH tren thi trudng Tren day chi la nhung giai phap co ban ma ca nhan em tham khao, hoc hoi va due rut duoc, hi vong se cd ich cho thi trudng bao hiem nudc nha Hai la, chu dong md rong pham vi hoat dong thi trudng the gidi va tidp thi z r x ■> •» quoc td vd bao hiem: thi trudng bao hiem hang hoa nudc dang cang bi chia se va thu hep bdi sir canh tranh qua ldn Do vay bien phap md rong hoat dong, tim them nguon khach hang mdi d thi trudng nudc ngoai la rat can thiet Day la r r r > r hudng di dung va tat yeu thoi ky hoi nhap kinh td qudc td va tu hoa bao 106 hiem Hien nudc ta da va dang day manh dau tu- sang Lao, Campuchia va cac nudc Dong Au Vi vay trade mat chung ta co the thdng qua hoat dong cua Hiep hoi bao hiem hoac cac cong ty tu van de tim hieu ve thi trudng cua cac nudc dd budc X XX dau co the lap van phong dai dien, lam dau mdi giao dich, tim hieu mdi trudng luat phap va kinh doanh cua ho Khi dieu kien thuan loi, xue tien tim ddi tac lien doanh de lap chi nhanh tai thi trudng Hoac co thd di theo dudng cua cong ty Bao hiem Vien Ddng, la ky ■> X hop ddng bien ban hop tac vdi mot cong ty bao hiem d mot thi trudng nudc ngoai ma theo do, mdi cong ty khai thac triet de khach hang d tung thi trudng Lien doanh lien ket linh vuc ban bao hiem la hudng di thich hop cua cac DNBH Viet Nam bdi canh hien X Ba la, ben canh dau tu cho hoat dong khai thac san pham mdi, DN cung nen r quan tam den cac chinh sach giu chan khach hang cu DNBH co the su dung cac cong cu khuyen khich khach hang nhu tang cac mon qua nhan dip ky niem cua r cong ty, le tet; tang vat pham, buu thiep cd in bieu tuong cua cong ty, td chuc -w x 7 party chieu dai mdi cac khach hang quan va lau nam Day manh cac hoat dong nghien cuu, du bao thi trudng 3.3 KEEN NGHI De quan ly tdt nganh bao hiem noi chung dang giai doan phat tridn nhanh nhu hien nay, doi hoi cac co quan quan ly Nha nudc ddi vdi hoat dong cua 7 thi trudng bao hiem phai co giai phap de nang cao hieu qua quan ly cua minh: doanh bao hiem theo hudng md rong quy md phu hup vdi quy md phat trien cua thi trudng nhung ddng thdi cung phai dam bao quan ly tdt theo loai hinh nghiep vu Thur hai, dao tao nang cao trinh nghiep vu cho cac can bo quan ly Nha nudc ve kinh doanh bao hiem Phai td chuc ldp hoc ve danh gia rui ro, dinh phi, trich lap quy du phong nghiep vu, kien thuc ve quan ly dau tu, kien thuc kinh doanh r r r quoc te, kien thuc tin hoc va ngoai ngu cho ca cac can bo quan ly 107 Thir ba, xay dung he thong cac chi tieu hoan chinh phuc vu cho cong tac giam sat tai chinh duoc chat che Nhung quy dinh hien hanh tren cac van ban phap ly ver kha nang toan, du phong nghiep vu bat cap va chua hoan chinh, chua phan anh ban chat cua cac chi tieu tai chinh, tu phan anh kh”ng dung ve thuc trang tai chinh cung nhu mure an toan le phai co cua cac cong ty bao hiem Thir tir, thuc hien cac nguyen tac va chuan muc quoc te giam sat tai chinh, bao dam cho nganh bao hidm Viet Nam hoat dong an toan ddng thoi dam bao cho cac chu the tham gia thi trudng phat trien tdi da kha nang cua minh Thir nam, md rong hinh thuc dau tu cua cac DNBH, cho ho duuc chu dong hon viec lua chon danh muc dau tu neu nhu DN dam bao duuc hoat dong on dinh va tang trudng cua minh, cung nhu chung minh duuc du an dau tu cua minh la kha an toan va kha thi Thir sau, ddi vdi hanh vi true lui bao hiem, hien luat phap buong long quan ly nhu theo Nghi dinh ve xu phat hanh chinh, hanh vi true lui bao hidm chi bi canh cao hoac phat tdi da la 20 trieu ddng Bo luat hinh su chua co didu luat nao quy dinh cu the ve toi true lui bao hiem Ddi tuung true lui bao hiem chi bi xu vdi cac toi danh lien quan nhu tham o, hoi lo, chiem doat tai san Chinh vi hanh lang phap ly chua day du nen nhieu vu true lui bao hiem chua duuc dieu tra va xet xu nghiem khac, va cung chinh vi vay khong co tinh ran de Kien nghi dua la ngoai nhung nd luc tir phia cac DNBH, Nha nudc cung phai quy dinh xu phat nghiem khac vdi hanh vi true lui bao hiem, nhu tang mure phat tien va xu phat toi an kinh te vdi nhung trudng hup vi pham nang 108 KET LUAN Cung vdi qua trinh hoi nhap manh me cua Viet Nam vao nen kinh te the gidi nhung nam gan day, viec md cua khu vuc dich vu co linh vuc bao hiem da tao mot sue ep ldn doi vdi van de nang cao nang luc canh tranh cua cac • ’ r ’ nganh dich vu noi chung va bao hiem noi rieng Qua ket qua nghien cuu, cd the noi, nang luc canh tranh cua cac doanh nghiep linh vuc bao hiem phi nhan tho r r thap so vdi cac nudc tren the gidi, va tham chi ca so vdi cac nudc dang phat r ■> r y trien khu vuc nhu Trung Qudc, ASEAN Dieu mang den kho khan cho hop de tung budc nang cao nang luc canh tranh cua nganh bao hidm phi nhan tho r r y r Tren co sd he thong nhung van de ly luan lien quan den linh vuc bao hiem phi nhan tho, nang luc canh tranh, cac chi tieu danh gia nang luc canh tranh cua cac doanh nghiep bao hiem tac gia da di sau nghien cuu danh gia nang luc canh tranh cua cac doanh nghiep bao hiem phi nhan tho Viet Nam Tir dua nhung giai phap nham nang cao nang luc canh tranh cua doanh nghiep bao hidm phi nhan tho dieu kien hoi nhap kinh te qudc te 109 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Mai Thi Van Anh (2005), “Giai phap nang cao hieu qua dau tu cua cac DNBH Viet Nam”, Tap chi Ngan hang, sd 11/2005 Dd Tat Cudng (2006), “Thi truong dich vu bao hiem Viet Nam Quan didm va phuong hudng phat trien”, Tap chi Tai chinh thang 2/2006 ■» t r vdi dich vu bao hiem nudc ta”, Tap chi Bao hiem so 4- Thang 10/2005 Trinh Thi Xuan Dung (2006), “Khai thac tiem nang thi trudng BHPNTViet Nam”, Tap chi Ngan hang so 6/2006 Pham Khac Dung (2002), “Mot sd van de hoi nhap quoc te linh vuc bao hiem”, Tap chiKinh te vaphat trien so 57, 2002 Pham Khac Dung (2003), “Chu truong va khung phap ly cho thi trudng bao hiem Viet Nam”, Tap chi Phat trien kinh te so 156 thang 10/2003 Nguyen Minh Dung (2004), “Kinh nghiem hoi nhap thi trudng bao hidm quoc td va bai hoc ddi vdi Viet Nam”, Thdng tin tdi chinh so 4- Thang 2/2004 Trudng Thi Dam (2004), “Giai phap tang cudng sue canh tranh cua cac chi Phat trien kinh te so 160, thang 2/2004 Le Anh Due (2003), “Nganh bao hidm Viet Nam trudc them hoi nhap”, Tap chi Bao hidm sd 2/2003 10 Hoang Viet Ha (2002), “Nang luc canh tranh va danh gia nang luc canh tranh cua cong ty bao hidm”, Tap chi Bao hiem sd 3-2002 11 Hoang Viet Ha (2004), “Danh gia quan diem cua Chinh phu Viet Nam viec phat trien thi trudng bao hidm”, Tap chi Bao hiem thang 2/2004 12 Trinh Huu Hanh (2005), “Kinh nghiem the gidi ve danh gia nang luc tai chinh cac DNBH”, Tap chi Tdi chinh thdng 4/2005 13 Doan Thu Huong (2000), “Canh tranh giua cac cong ty bao hidm - Ha phi hay nang cao chat luong dich vu?”, Tap chi Tdi chinh thdng 4/2000 110 14 Nguyen Huu Khai, Vu Thi Hien (2007), Cac nganh dich vu Viet Nam z r r r Nang luc canh tranh va hoi nhap kinh te quoc te, NXB Thong ke, Ha Noi 15 Vu Trong Lam (2006), Nang cao sire canh tranh cua cac doanh nghiep r ' ' r tien trinh hoi nhap kinh te quoc te, NXB CTQG, Ha Noi 16 Pham Thi Lien (2003), “Bao hiem ngan hang kenh phan phoi san phim bao hiem tiem nang”, Tap chi Bao hiem so 1/2003 17 Luat Kinh doanh bao hiem nam 2000 va vdn ban mdi hudng dan thi hanh (2007), NXB CTQG Ha Ngi, 2007 18 Hien Pha (2005), “Xung quanh nang luc canh tranh cua dich vu bao hidm Viet Nam dieu kien hoi nhap quoc te”, Tap chi Tdi chinh thang 5/2005 19 Nguyen Dinh Quang (2004), “BVROP- He thong cong nghe thong tin moi giup Bao Viet quan ly va cham soc khach hang tot horn”, Tap chi Thu& nha nudc so 3/2004 20 Vu Dinh Truong Son (2005), “Canh tranh khong binh dang bao hiem- Thuc trang va giai phap”, Tap chi Bao hiem so thdng 8/2005 21 Vu Dinh Trudng Son (2005), “Ban ve nang cao nang luc canh tranh cua DNBH Viet Nam qua trinh hoi nhap kinh te quoc te”, Tap chi Bao hi£m so 4Thang 10/2005 22 Tran Suu (2006), Nang luc canh tranh cua doanh nghiep Pong dieu kien toan cau hod, NXB Lao dong, Ha noi 23 Ngo Kim Thanh (2004), “Co hoi va thach thuc doi voi cac DNBH Viet Nam xu the hoi nhap”, Tap chi Bao hiem so 2/2004 24 Phi Trong Thao (2006), “Tang trudng va phat tridn vdi thi trudng bao hiem Viet Nam”, Tap chi Tdi chinh thang 2/2004 25 Dinh Nam Thang (2004), “Lien ket giua ngan hang va bao hidm Dam bao lgi ich cho khach hang”, Tap chi Thue Nha nudc so 6/2004 26 Nguyen Anh Thang (2003), “Xu hudng hoat dong dau tu cua cac DNBH phi nhan tho”, Tap chi Thuomg mqi so 28/2003 Ill 27 Nguyen Nhu Tien (2006), 77zz truong bao hiem Viet Nam - Co hoi va thach thuc qua trinh hoi nhap, NXB Ly luan chinh tri, Ha Noi 28 Ho Cong Trung (2003), “Giai phap cho viec doi mdi va phat trien san pham BHPNTtrudc thach thuc canh tranh va hoi nhap”, Tap chi Bao hi&m sd 1/2003