Cải thiện môi trường đầu tư để tăng cường thu hút vốn đầu tư nước ngoài ở việt nam hiện nay (lấy ví dụ đầu tư của nhật bản)

BO GIAO DUC VA DAO TAO TRirdNG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN NGUYEN VAN HAO CAI THIEN MOI TRUING DAU TUDE TANG CUdNG THU HUT VON DAU TU NU()C NGOAI VIET NAM HIEN NAY (LAY VI DU DAU TVCUA NHAT BAN) LUAN VAN THAC SI KINH TE • • CHUYEN NGANH KINH TE CHfNH TRI DAI HOC KTQD TRUNGTA THONG TIN THU GIAO VlfiN HUONG DAN: TSKJL TRAN NGUYEN TUYEN BAN KINH T# TRUNG UUNG HA NO I - 2005 MUC LUC TRANG BIA MUC LUC DANH MUC CAC BANG, BI^U DANH MUC CAC KV HlfcU, CAC CHUVI^T TAT Md DAU CHUONG LV LUAN VA KINH NGHlfeM QUOC TE v£ CAI THlfiN MOI TRUONG DAU TU 1.1 Nhurng van de ly luan ve moi trudng diiu tir 1.1.1 Khai niem dAu tu va moi trudng ddu tur 1.1.2 Noi dung cua moi trudng dau tir 11 1.1.3 Sir cdn thiet phai cai thien moi trudng dfiu tir 17 1.2 Chii trirang, quan diem cua Dang ve dan tir nuoc ngoai va cai thien moi trirdng dau tir 19 1.3 Kinh nghiem Quoc te ve cai thien moi trirdng dau tir 22 1.3.1 Kinh nghifim cua Trung Quoc 22 1.3.2 Kinh nghiem cua cac nude khu vuc 26 CHUONG THUC TRANG MOI TRUdNG DAU TUNUdC NGOAI VA DAU TUCUA NHAT BAN TAI VI$T NAM 31 2.1 Qua trinh hinh moi trirdng dau to d Viet Nam 31 2.2 Moi trudng dau tir ntrdc ngoai cua Viet Nam hien 33 2.2.1 Thue trang moi trirdng diiu tir nude ngoai cua Viet Nam 33 2.2.2 Nhirng han che ve moi trudng dau tu Viet Nam 45 2.2.3 Danh gia Quoc te v£ moi trudng dau tu nude ngoai cua Viet Nam hi0n 52 2.3 Dau tu nude ngoai noi chung va dau tu cua Nhat Ban tai Viet Nam hien 55 2.3.1 Diiu tu nude ngoai tai Viet Nam .55 2.3.2 Dau tu cua Nhat Ban tai Viet Nam 58 CHUONG DINH HUdNG VA GIAI PHAP CAITHIEN MOI TRUING DAU TU DE TANG CUBING THE HUT VON DAU TUTRl/C TI^P MOC NGOAI VI$T NAM 67 3.1 Dinh hirdng cai thien moi triromg dau tu tai Viet Nam 67 3.2 Mot so giai phap cai thien moi trudng dau tu de tang cuong thu hut von dau tu1 nude ngoai vao Viet Nam 69 3.2.1 Hoan thien he thong luat phap lien quan tdi dau tu 70 3.2.2 Xfty dung co so tang lien quan den dau tir 76 3.2.3 Tao lap moi trudng canh tranh, phal trien dong bo cac loai thi trudng 78 3.2.4 Phat trien he thong dich vu hd trq doanh nghiep va cong nghiep phu trq 81 3.2.5 Thiet lap cac chuong trinh hd trq xuc tien dau nr hiSu qua 86 3.2.6 Nhng cao kha nang thuc thi cua cac co quan quan ly nha nude 92 • 3.3 Mot so kien nghi trien khai sum de cai thien moi trudng dau tu Viet Nam 97 ket LUAN 100 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO PHU LUC 2.1 MOI TRUING KINH DOANH THE Gl6l 2004 PHU LUC 2.2 CIII SO CANH TRANH MOT SO NU6C 2004 PHU LUC 2.3 SO LIEU DAU TUNUClC NGOAI CUA VIE 1’ NAM TlT 1988 - 2004 DANH MUC CAC BANG, BIEU DANH MUC CAC BANG: Bang 2.1: FDI doi vdi sir phat then kinh t£ Vifct Nam 55 Bang 2.2: Xuat khau cua khu virc diiu tir nude ngoai 55 Bang 2.3: So ltrcrng vice lam khu virc dilu tir nude ngoai FDI tao (khOng tfnh ted s6 lao dong gian tiep) 56 Bling 2.4: Ket qua khiio sat hang niim cua Ngan hang Hop tiic quoc tc Nhat Biin (JBIC) ve xu hirdng dau tir true tiep nude ngoai cua cac edng ty Nhat Biin 65 DANH MUC CAC Blf-U: Bieu 2.1: Ngudn von ODA cua Nhat Biin cho Vifct Nam tir niim 1991 - 2004: 60 Bieu 2.2: Dau tu true tiep nude ngoai cua Nhat Biin vao Viet Nam 62 tirnam 1997-2003 62 DANH MUC CAC CHU VIET TAT Tieng Viet DTNN Dau tir nude ngoai HDHTKD Hop dong hop tac kinh doanh KCN Khu Cong nghiep KCX Khu che xuat TP.HCM Thanh 116 Chi Minh UBND Uy Ban Nhan Dan XHCN Xa hoi Chu nghTa Tieng anh AFTA Asean Free Trade Area - Khu virc mau dich tu ASEAN AIA Asean Investment Area - Khu vurc dau tu ASEAN APEC Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation - Didn dan hop tac kinh te Chau A - Thai Binh Duong The Association of Southeast Asian Nations - To chiic hop tac ASEAN cac nucrc Dong Nam A ASEM Asia-Europe Meeting - Didn dan hop tac A -AU BIT Bilateral Investment Treaty - Hi6p dinh dau tu song phUOng BTA Bilateral Trade Agreement - Hiep dinh thuong mai CFPT Hi ep udc chung ve uu dai thue quan hieu luc chung General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade - Hiep udc chung ve GATT thue quan va mau dich GDP Gross Domestic Product - Tong san ph am quoc noi EPZ Export Processing Zone - Khu che xuat EU European Union - Lien minh Chau AU FDI Foreign Direct Investment - Dau tu true tiep nude ngoai FTA Free Trade Agreement - Khu vuc mau dich tu Heavily Indebted Poor Countries - Ty le mSc no cac nude HIPC ngheo IMF International Monetary Fund - Quy tidn te Qud'c th IT Informatics Technology - Cong nghe thong tin J ETRO Japan External Trade Organization - TO chuc xue tien Thuong mai Nhat Ban JI BIC Japan Bank for International Cooperation - Ngan hang hop tac quoc le Nhat Ban ODA Official Development Assistance - Nguon von hd trq phat trien chinh thde Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development - To OECD chufc hop tac va phat trien kinh te thuoc khoi cac nude kinh te phat trien MFN Most Favoured Nation - Quy che to'i hue quoc Mekong Private Sector Development Facility - Chuong trinh MPDF phat trien kinh te tu nhan NICs Newly Industrial Countries - Cac nude cong nghiep mdi NT National Treatment - Doi xtrquoc gia * I Iiep dinh ve quyen sb him tri tue TRIPS United Nations Conference on Trade and Development - Uy UNCTAD Ban phat trien, thuong mai cua Lien Hiep Quoc VAT Value Added Tax - Thue gia tri gia tang WB World Bank - Ngan hang The gidi WTO World Trade Organization - To chufc thuong mai The gidi Md DAU 1- Sir can thiet cua de tai Thu hut von dau tir true tiep nude ngoai (Foreign Direct Investment- FDI) da trd xu the khach quan chien luqc phat trien kinh te cua nhieu quoc gia va FDI duqc nhin nhan nhu la mot nhtfng nhan to quan de thuc day nSn kinh te tang trudng va phat trien Nhu mot xu the chung nay, tat ca cac nude tren the gidi ddu canh tranh dd thu hut duqc nhi^u ngudn vdn dau tu true tiep nude ngoai bang each khong ngumg cai thidn moi trudng dAu tu qudc gia, tao lap mot moi trudng dau tu kinh doanh thuan lqi nhat cho cdc nha dau tu Theo sd lieu thd'ng kd, sau 17 nam thuc hien luat dau tu nude ngoai tai Viet Nam, khu vuc da co nhifng dong gop tfch cue, chiem khoang 20% von dau tu toan xa hoi, toe tang trudng tren 20% nam, xuat khau tfnh ca dAu tho da chiem 50% kirn ngach cua ca nude Tfnh den het nam 2004 Vidt Nam cd 5.021 du an dau tu true tiep nude ngoai hieu lire vdi tong sd von dau tu dang ky la 45.37 ty USD, tong sd vdn dfiu tu thuc hi6n la 25.96 ty USD dal 65% thu hut tr&n thu hut trfin 700.000 lao dong true tiep va tao viec lam cho hang van lao dong gian tiep Tuy nhidn, thdi gian giin day, ket qua thu hut su dung vdn d^u tu tir nude ngoai cua Vi6t Nam chua tuemg xirng vdi tidm nang, chua tAn dung duqc cac Iqi the, co cau vdn FDI chua hop ly, cha'l luqng nhidu du an kern hieu qua Dau tu tit nhung nude phat trien co the manh ve cong nghc ngudn nhu Nhat Ban, My, EU tang cham, va chua cd nhieu chuyen bidn tfch cUc Ricng doi vdi Nhat Ban, Viet Nam da ky ket Hiep dinh dau tir vdi Nhat Ran va mol ban Sans Kien Chung Viet-Nhdt da duqc hai ben dua de cai thien moi trudng dau tu cua Viet Nam nhAm thu hut hem nua ngudn vdn ODA va FDI ttr Nhat Ban Nhu vAy, nhu’ng thoa thuan uu dai ma Viet Nam danh cho Nhat Ban cho tha'y, Nhat Ban dang Id doi tac sd mot cua Viet Nam viec thu hut von ODA va FDI Tfnh den het nam 2004, Nhat Ban cd 481 dir an dau tir hidu lire vcfi sd von dang ky la 5,35 ty USD dung thur ba sau Singapore va Dai Loan vdi tong von dau tu da thue hien la 4,12 ty USD dung thur nhat danh sach cac nude va khu vuc co vd'n dau tu true tiep vao Viet Nam Nhat Ban duoc biet den nhu la mot nhung nude cd dong von ddu tu gian tiep ODA va true tiep FDI nude ngoai ldn nhat the gidi nen cac nha dau tu khac rat quan tam tdi noi cac nha dau tu Nhat Ban dau tu Tuy nhien dau tu FDI cua cac doanh nghiep Nhat Ban vao Viet Nam nhung nam gan day co su giam sut so vdi dinh cao nam 1997 vdi tong mire ddu tu khoang 657 trieu USD thi den nam 2002 chi dat 120 tridu USD, nam 2003 la 78,5 trieu USD va nam 2004 da tang len 224 trieu USD Mac du, bao cao didu tra khao sat cua Ngan hang hop tac qud'c td' Nhat Ban (JBIC) gan day cho thay, gidi dfiu tu Nhat Ban da danh gia Viet Nam la dia ban dSu tu cd tri£n vong chi dung sau Trung qud'c, My va Thai Lan Nhu vay, qua danh gia tinh hinh dau tu cua Nhat Ban vao Viet Nam, co the biet duoc dac diem cua mdi trudng dau tu d Viet Nam, qua kie'n nghi nhung giai phap dd tiep tuc hoan thidn mdi trudng dau tu d Viet Nam de thu Day la co sd de tac gia lira chon de tai nghidn cuu tren lam Luan van Tot nghidp 2- Tinh hinh nghien cuu Thdi gian qua da co mot so' cong trinh, nhieu bao cao nghien curu ve dau tu nude ngoai tai Viet Nam Tuy nhien, cho den van de vSn can tiep tuc duoc nghien cuu sAu hon, cu the va co hd thong hon, dac biet la ve mdi trudng dau tu de tim nhung giai phap thu hut va sir dung co hieu qua von dau tu true tidp nude ngoai nhAm phat trien nen kinh te thi trudng dinh hudng Xa hoi Chu nghia d Viet Nam 3- Muc dich nghien curu cua de tai De tai “Cai thien moi tritons dau tit de tang citong thu hut von dau tit iino'c ngoai o' Viet Nam hien (lay vi du dau tit cua Nhat Ban).” la mot cdng trinh nghien ciru mot each co he thong ve mOi trudng dau tu dr Vidt Nam thidn moi trudng dSu tu de thu hut nhidu hern ngudn von dau tu true tid'p nude ngoai vao Viet Nam, la'y Nhat Ban lam vf du cho doi tuong nghien ctfu Luiin vein tap trung vao cac noi duns sau: Thir nhat: Lam ro nhifrig va'n de ly luan va thuc tidn ve mdi truerng dau tu Tint hai: Danh gia moi trudng dau tu Viet Nam hien va tinh hinh dau tu nude ngoai, dau tu cua Nhat Brin vao Viet Nam thdi gian qua trudng diiu tu cua Viet Nam de tang cudng thu hut hon nua von dau tu true tiep nude ngoai 4- Doi tuong va pham vi nghien cun cua Luan van Doi tuong nghien ciru: Nghien cuu ve mOi trudng dau tu Viet Nam Moi trudng ddu tu duqc hid’u la tong hoa cac ye'u td ve phap luat, kinh te, chfnh tri, van hoa-xa hoi, cac yeu to ve co so t£ng, nang luc thi trudng va ca cac lqi the cua mot quo'c gia w co anh hudng true tiep den hoat dOng dau tu cua cac nha diiu tu nude ngoai tai Viet Nam Pham vi nghien ciru: Noi dung cua mdi trudng dau tu la rat rdng, bao gom nhieu va'n de, lien quan tdi nhieu nganh, nhieu lTnh vuc nghidn cun khoa hoc khac Trong pham vi cd gidi han, luan van chi tap trung nghien cuu vao nhilng yeu to yd'u cua moi trudng diiu tu nhu moi trudng quo'c te, luat phap, lao dong, kinh td', chfnh tri-xa hoi co tac dong true tiep den cac quyd't dinh diiu tu cua cac nha dau tu true tiep nude ngoai Luan van chi danh gia thuc trang diiu tu true tiep nude ngoai noi chung va diiu tu cua Nhat Ban vao Vidt Nam noi rieng tir sau thuc hien chfnh sach mo cira kinh te tir nam 1986 cua Nha nude ta den nam 2004 5- Phuong phap nghien cuu cua luan van Ngoai cac phirong phap co ban diroc su dung vifcc nghien ciru khoa hoc cac linh vuc khoa hoc xa hoi, khoa hoc kinh td nhir vat bien chumg va vat lich sir, triru tuqng hoa khoa hoc, luSn van sir dung tong hop cac phirong phap nghien ciru khac nhir phan tfch thong ke, y kien chuyfin gia, di6n giai quy nap va kiem chumg, khao sat va nghien ciru thirc tibn 6- Nhung dong gop cua Luan van Th it nhat: He thong hoa co so ly luan ve moi trudng dau tu, phan tfch moi trudng dau tu tac dong tdi tang trudng va phat trien kinh te Th it hai: Dua nhurng danh gia ve moi trudng ddu tu, thuc trang va trien vong dau tu nude ngoai vao Viet Nam hien qua xem xet dau tu cua Nhat Ban Thit ba: De xuat mol sd giai phap cai thidn moi trudng dau tu cua Viet Nam hien de tang cudng thu hut vdn dilu tu nude ngoai 7- Ket cau cua Luan van Ngoai phan md dau, phu luc, danh muc tai lieu tham khao va kdt luan, ket cau chfnh cua luan van gdm chuong nhu sau: Chuong I: Ly luan va kinh nghiem Quoc te ve cai thien moi trudng dau tu Ch nun g II: Thuc trang moi trudng dau tu nude ngoai va dau tu cua Nhat Ban tai Viet Nam Chuong III: Dinh hudng va giai phap cai thien moi trudng ddu tu de tang cudng thu hut vdn dau tu true tiep nude ngoai d Viet Nam 98 vuc dau tu nudc ngoai tham gia nhieu hon vao phat trien cac nganh, vung lanh tho Can quan triCt nguyen tSc chu dao la quy hoach chi mang tfnh dinh hudng va khuyen khfch moi phfin kinh te tham gia dau tu Kien nghi Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu phoi hop vdi cac Bo, nganh, dia phuong soan thao trinh Chinh phu dd nghien cuu xem xet trien khai sdm Danh muc mdi keu goi dau tu nudc ngoai den nam 2010 x p r x Tiep tuc hoan thien he thdng luat phap, chinh sach ve dau tu nudc ngoai theo hudng hinh mot mat bang phap ly chung cho dau tu nudc va dau tu nudc ngoai Kien nghi Ban soan thao khan truong hoan thien Luat doanh nghiep thdng nhat va Luat dau tu chung trinh Qudc hdi phe chuan ow r * vao cuoi nam 2005, de tang them sue hap dan cua mdi trudng dau tu Viet Nam r f r •» Kien nghi, tiep tuc cai tien quy trinh tham dinh dir an, theo hudng X f md rong dien dang ky cap phep dau tu, rut ngan thdi han tham dinh, tung budc chuyen tir “tien kiem” sang “hau kiem” r r r Day nhanh lo trinh ap dung co che mot gia va cat giam mot sd chi phi san xuat nham hd tro cac doanh nghiep nang cao kha nang canh tranh va x r m xoa bd phan biet doi xu giua cac nha dau tu nudc va nha dau tu nudc ngoai Kien nghi Chinh phu quyet dinh thdng nhat ap dung co che mot gia doi vdi dau tu nudc va dau tu nudc ngoai thdi gian sdm nhat va cdng f z bd rong rai de cac nha dau tu biet Trien khai thuc hien nhanh Sang kien chung Viet Nam - Nhat Ban va Viet Nam - Singapore Kien nghi Chinh phu ban hanh Chi thi giao cac Bo, nganh trien khai thuc hien cac thoa thuan Chirong trinh hanh dong Sang kien chung Viet-Nhat gom 44 diem pham vi chuc nang quan ly cua minh Kien nghi Chinh phu chi dao Bo Tai nguyen-Moi trudng phoi hpp vdi cac dia phuong cac nganh chtrc nang trien khai, thi hanh nhanh Luat Dat / dai (sua doi); soat, chan chinh cdng tac quy hoach, ke hoach su dung dat, 99 ■ « ' r f ft xay dung, there hien va de xuat cac co che, chinh sach nham khai thac, su r fl r f r dung ngudn vdn tu quy dat dai, bat dong san vao phat trien kinh te - xa hoi; phoi hop vdi cac Bo, co quan trung uong, dia phuong tiep tuc tien hanh kiem / A tra, tra viec quan ly xay dung va su dung dat dai tai mot so dia phuong; \ rrr r t Day nhanh tien cap giay chung nhan quyen su dung dat, tarn la dat d tai cac thi vv r r ft ft Tiep tuc md rong phan cap quan ly nha nudc ve dau tu nudc ngoai cho cac dia phuong, nhien can tang cudng quan ly giam sat khdng de cac dia phuong tu xe rao thu hut dau tu, vi loi ich cua dia phuong ma dua r nhidu chfnh sach uu dai dau tu mdt each tien lam anh hudng xau den chfnh sach va tfnh nhat quan cua mdi trudng dau tu Vidt Nam De nghi Chinh phu giao Bo Cdng nghiep phoi hop vdi Bo Ke hoach ft fl fl va Dau tu nghien cuu xay dung quy hoach tong the phat trien nganh cdng nghiep phu tro va cac giai phap nham tang cudng lien ket giua khu vuc kinh te cd vdn dau tu nudc ngoai va kinh te nudc 10 Cai thien mdi trudng dau tu ddi vdi linh vuc tai chfnh tien te: De nghi Ngan hang Nha nudc Viet Nam (1) Tien hanh khan truong hoan du thao sua doi Nghi dinh 13/1999/ND-CP 17 thang nam 1999 ve td chuc va hoat dong cua td chuc tin dung nudc ngoai tai Viet Nam, theo hudng cat giam cac han che ddi vdi cac td chuc tin dung nudc ngoai ve huy dong tien gui, md rong mang ludi, cho phep lap cac ngan hang 100% vdn r ft ft dau tu nudc ngoai (2) Xay dung quy che hudng dan cac nha dau tu nudc fl ft fl ■» r * ft ngoai mua co phan cua cac td chuc tin dung cd phan Viet Nam, xem xet tang ty le mua cd phan cd the len 49% thay the quy dinh la 30% nhu hien 11 De nghi Thu tudng giao cac bo, nganh xay dung ke hoach chu dong f r r r ( # thuc hien cac cam ket qudc te, trudc tien la cam ket AFTA, Hiep dinh song phuong Viet - My, Hiep dinh bao hd dau tu Viet Nam - Nhat Ban cung nhu thoa thuan vdi Lien minh Chau Au vv Ddng thdi khan truong chuan bi thuc hien cac cam ket gia nhap Td chuc Thuong mai The gidi (WTO) 100 KET LUAN Ke tir Luat ddu tu nudc ngoai tai Viet Nam dau tien duoc Qudc hoi thong qua vao thang 12 nam 1987, va da qua mot so lan sua doi bd sung, den mdi truerng dau tu dr Viet Nam da timg budc duqc cai thien thuc day khu vuc kinh te co vdn dau tu nudc ngoai cang phat trien Ciing vori cac chfnh sach cua Dang va Nha nudc ve tang cudng thu hut va sir dung co hieu qua dau tu nudc ngoai tai Viet Nam va gan day nhat la Chi Thi so 13/2005/CT-TTG 8/4/2005 cua Thu Tudng Chfnh phu vd mot sd giai phap nham tao chuyen bidn mdi cong tac thu hut thu hut dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai tai Viet Nam, moi trudng diiu tu kinh doanh cua Viet Nam da va dang duqc cai thien manh me, va nhu ldi cua dai dien Hiep hoi cac doanh nghiep Nhat Ban khang dinh tai cuoc gap gd thudng nien cua Thu tudng Chfnh phu vdi cac doanh nghiep co vdn ddu tu nudc ngoai duqc td chufc 20 thang nam 2005 tai Ha noi “ Chuns tdi thda nhan mdi trifdns ddu tit noi chuns cua Viet Nam dirac edi thien manh me, Viet Nam dd vd dans trd dia diem ddu tic hap dan cua cac doanh nshiep Nhat Ban" Trong nen kinh te thi truerng, mot mdi trudng dau tu hap dan viec thu hut vdn dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai la rat efin thiet cho tang truong va phat tridn Kinh nghiem qudc te va thuc tien qua hai muefi nam doi mdi dr Viet Nam cho th