Đầu tư nâng cao năng lực cạnh tranh của tổng công ty xây dựng và phát triển hạ tầng (licogi)

TRUONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN 0O0 DAi HOC KTQD tiding tam THONG TIN THUVlgN DAU TU NANG CAO NANG LUC CANH TRANH CUA TONG CONG TY XAY DUNG VA PHAT TRIEN HA TANG (LICOGI) • • Chuyen nganh: Kinh te dau tur LUAN VAN THAC SY KINH TE NGirdl HirdNG DAN KHOA HOC: PGS.TS NGUYfN BACH NGUYET DAJ HOC KTQD trung tamTH thong TIN THl/VIEN "*—■ HA NOI, NAM 2006 ( 2205 MUC LUC Trang DANH MUC CAC CHU’ VIET TAT Ldl MO DAU CHU’ONG 1: CO SO LY LU AN VE CANH TRANH VA DAU TU NHAM NANG CAO NANG LUC CANH TRANH CUA DOANH NGHIEP XAY DUNG 1.1 CO SO LY LU AN VE CANH TRANH 1.1.1 Khai niem canh tranh va nang luc canh tranh 1.1.2 Cac loai hinh canh tranh 1.1.3 Vai trd cua canh tranh doi vdi su phat trien 1.1.4 Cac quan diem ve canh tranh 1.1.4.1 Quan diem canh tranh cd dien 1.1.4.2 Quan diem canh tranh hien dai 10 1.2 DAU TU’NANG CAO NANG LUC CANH TRANH TRONG DOANH NGHIEP XAY DUNG 14 1.2.1 Khai niem dau tu va dau tu phat trien DNXD 14 1.2.2 Moi quan he giua dau tu va kha nang canh tranh cua DNXD : is 1.2.2.1 Vai trd cua nganh xay dung 15 1.2.2.2 Moi quan he giua dau tu vdi kha nang CT cua DNXD 15 1.2.3 Cac yeu to anh huong den dau tu nang cao nang lire canh tranh cua doanh nghiep xay dung 17 1.2.3.1 ? r ' Nhom cac yeu to ben 17 1.2.3.2 Nhom cac yeu to ben ngoai 21 1.2.4 Cac cong cu canh tranh chu yeu cua doanh nghiep xay dung .23 1.2.4.1 Chat luqng cong trinh 23 1.2.4.2 Gia ca cua san pham 24 1.2.4.3 Tien va bien phap thi cong 25 1.2.4.4 Uy tin va kinh nghiem cua DNXD 25 1.2.4.5 Lien danh lien ket tham gia dau thau 26 1.2.4.6 Quang cao: 26 1.2.5 Dau tu nang cao kha nang canh tranh DNXD 27 1.2.5.1 Dau tu nang cao nang lire may moc thiet bi va cong nghe 27 1.2.5.2 Dau tu nguon nhan lire 28 1.2.5.3 Dau tu cho hoat dong Marketing 29 1.2.5.4 Noi dung dau tu khac 30 1.2.6 He thong chi tieu phan anh tac dong cua dau tu den kha nang canh tranh cua doanh nghiep xay dung 30 Doanh thu va doanh thu tren mot don vi von dau tu 30 1.2.6.1 1.2.6.2 Loi nhuan va loi nhuan tren mot don vi von dau tu 31 1.2.6.3 Gia tri tai san co dinh buy dong tren mot don vi von dau tu: 31 1.2.6.4 Trinh lao dong: 32 Nang suat lao dong , chat luong san pham 33 1.2.6.5 Thi phan 33 1.2.6.6 So luong va gia tri cac cong trinh trung thau 34 1.2.6.7 Vi the va uy tin cua doanh nghiep xay dung 35 1.2.6.8 Cac cam ket qua trinh bao hanh, bao tri san pham XD36 1.2.6.9 CHUONG 2: THU’C TRANG DAU TU’NANG CAO NANG LUC CANH TRANH CUA TONG CONG TY XAY DUNG VA PHAT TRI^N HA TANG (LICOGI) TRONG GIAI DOAN 2001- 2005 37 2.1 TONG QUAN VE TONG CONG TY XAY DUNG VA PHAT 37 TRIEN HA TANG (LICOGI) Gibi thieu chung ve Tong cong ty LICOGI 37 2.1.1 Dac diem kinh te ky thuat cua hoat dong xay dung 38 2.1.2 Dac diem ve thi trubng xay dung 39 2.1.3 Cac nhan to anh hubng tbi dau tu nang cao nang luc canh 2.1.4 tranh cua Tong cong tyy ’ ’ 39 2.1.4.1 " ’ von ' dau tu: 39 Nguon Nang lire ve ky thuat, may mbe thiet bi thi cong 40 2.1.4.2 Nang luc ve nhan str 40 2.1.4.3 Co cau to chuc cua doanh nghiep 41 2.1.4.4 Khach hang 42 2.1.4.5 Nhung nha cung cap 42 2.1.4.6 Doi thu canh tranh cua TCT tren thi trubng xay dung 42 2.1.4.7 2.2 PHAN TICH THU’C TRANG DAU TV NANG CAO NANG LUC CANH TRANH CUA TONG CONG TY XAY DUNG VA PHAT TRIEN HA TANG (LICOGI) GIAI DOAN 2001-2005 43 Phan tich diem manh - diem yeu - co hoi - de doa cua Tong 2.2.1 43 cong ty xay dung va phat trien tang (LICOGI) (ma tran Swot) 2.2.1.1 " ■ ’ ’ “ Phan tich diem manh, diem yeu cua Tong cong ty (S-W) 44 Phan tich nhung co hoi, de doa cua Tong cong ty (O-W) 48 2.2.1.2 2.2.2 Thue trang dau tu nang cao nang lire canh tranh cua Tong ’ .’ ’ 52 cong ty Tinh hinh huy dong von dau tu cua Tong cong ty: 52 2.2.2 L Von dau tu cua Tong cong ty phan theo cac noi dung dau tu 2.2.2.2 nang cao kha ' ‘ nang canh‘ tranhi 58 2.3 rDANH GIA TAC DONG CUA DAU TU DOI VC)I VIEC NANG l.j CAO KHA NANG CANH TRANH CUA TONG CONG TY XAY DUNG VA PHAT TRIEN HA TANG (LICOGI) 70 2.3.1 Cac chi tieu hieu qua tai chinh: 70 2.3.2 Cac chi tieu hieu qua xa hoi: 75 2.3.3 Thi phan ’ 77 2.3.4 Gia tri va soluong cac hop dong trung thau qua cac nam 79 ' b 2.4 MOT SO TON TAI TRONG VIEC DAU TU NANG CAO NANG LUC CANH TRANH CUA TONG CONG TY XAY DUNG VA PHAT TRIEN HA TANG (LICOGI) GIAI DOAN 2001-2005 81 2.4.1 Mot so ton tai chu yeu 81 2.4.2 Nguyen nhan cua nhung ton tai tren 84 2.4.2.1 Nguyen nhan khach quan: 84 2.4.2.2 Nguyen nhan chu quan: 85 CHUONG 3: MOT SO GIAI PHAP DAU TUNHAm NANG CAO NANG LUC CANH TRANH CUA TONG CONG TY XAY DUNG 87 VA PH At TRIEN HA TANG (LICOGI) 87 3.1 DINH HUdNG PH At TRIEN CHUNG CUA TONG CONG TY XAY DUNG VA PHAT TRIEN HA TANG (LICOGI) GIAI DOAN 20062010 ’ 87 3.1.1 Nhung thuan lqi va kho khan giai doan 2006-2010: 87 3.1.1.1 Nhung thuan lqi giai doan 2006-2010: 87 3.1.1.2 Nhung kho khan giai doan 2006-2010: 89 3.1.2 Phuong huong chung cho giai doan 2006-2010: 89 3.2 giAi phAp dAu tu nhAm nAng cao khA nAng canh TRANH CUA TONG CONG TY LICOGI 92 3.2.1 Dau tu nang cao nang luc tai chinh, huy dong va quan ly von co hieu qua: 92 3.2.1.1 Khai thac toi da cac kenh huy dong von: 93 3.2.1.2 Nang cao hieu qua su dung von: 94 3.2.2 Tang cuong dau tu trang thiet bi hien dai, dong bo di doi vdi su dung co hieu qua trang thiet bi hien co nham nang cao nang luc thi cong cho Tong cong ty 95 3.2.2.1 Tang cuong dau tu mua sam MMTB, cong nghe hien dai 96 3.2.2.2 Quan ly, bao duong va su dung may moc thiet bi hien co 98 3.2.3 Dau tu nang cao trinh doi ngu nhan su cua Tong cong ty 99 3.2.4 Tang cuong dau tu nang cao cong tac quan ly chat luqng, tien thi cong 101 3.2.5 Tang cuong dau tir cho hoat dong Marketing: 104 3.2.5.1 Tang cuong hoat dong giao tiep, quang ba 104 3.2.5.2 Tang cuong cong tac Marketing hoat dong dau thau 105 3.2.5.3 Xay dung va phat trien thirong hieu 107 3.2.6 Dau tu nang cao chat luqng ho so du thau 108 3.2.7 Mo rong lien ket kinh te 110 3.3 KIEN NGH! DOI VOl NHA NUOC 112 KET LU AN 115 * r r DANH MUC BANG BIEU, SO DO Trang SO DO 1.1: MO HINH KIM ClTONG CUA M.PORTER 13 SO DO 1.2: MOI QUAN HE GIUA DAU TU VA KHA NANG CANH TRANH CUA DN 16 BANG 2.1: SO DO TO CHlTC CUA TONG CONG TY 41 BANG 2.2: MA TRAN SWOT TONG CONG TY LICOGI 51 BANG 2.3: VON DAU TU THEO NGUON HINH THANH VON 53 BANG 2.4: CO CAU VON DAU TU PHAT TRIEN THEO NGUON HINH THANH VON 56 BANG 2.5: VON DAU TU PHAT TRIEN CUA TONG CONG TY PHAN THEO CAC NOI DUNG DAU TU 59 BANG 2.6: CO CAU VON DAU TU PHAT TRIEN CUA TONG CONG TY PHAN THEO CAC NOI DUNG DAU TU 60 BANG 2.7: MAY MOC THIET BI CUA TCT DEN NAM 2005 62 BANG 2.8: SO LUONG LAO DONG TANG THEM QUA CAC NAM 66 BANG 2.9: DAU TU SAN XUAT NGUYEN VAT LIEU TCT 69 BANG 2.10: CAC CHI TIEU HIEU QUA TAI CHINH PHAN ANH TAC DONG CUA DAU TU DEN KHA NANG CANH TRANH 71 BIEU DO 2.11: DOANH THU CUA TONG CONG TY QUA CAC NAM (2001 ->2005) 72 BIEU DO 2.12: LOI NHUAN CUA TCT QUA CAC NAM (2001 - 2005) 73 BIEU DO 2.13: GTTSCD HUY DONG CUA TONG CONG TY QUA CAC NAM (2001 ->2005) 74 BANG 2.14: CAC CHI TIEU PHAN ANH HIEU QUA XA HOI CUA HOAT DONG DAU TU NANG CAO NLCT 76 BANG 2.15:THI PHAN CUA TONG CONG TY LICOGI TREN THI TRUONG XAY DUNG 78 BIEU DO 2.16:THI PHAN CUA TONG CONG TY LICOGI TREN THI TRUONG XAY DUNG 79 BANG 2.17: TINH HINH DAU THAU CUA TONG CONG TY 80 BANG 3.1: SO NAM KINH NGHIEM TRONG L1NH VU'C THI CONG XAY DUNG 88 BANG 3.2: KE HOACH DINH HU’ONG GIAI DOAN 2006-2010 90 DANH MUC CAC CHU VIET TAT ’f >5 \ LICOGI Tong cong ty xay dung va phat trien tang DNXD Doanh nghiep xay dung NLCT Nang lire canh tranh SWOT Dune viet tat tir chir: Strengths (manh), Weeknesses (yeu), Opportunities (co hoi), Threats (de doa) DT Dau tir VDT Von dau tir DTPT Dau tir phat trien TSCD Tai san co dinh NPV Tong thu nhap thuan( NET PRESENT VALUE) IRR he so hoan von noi bo (INTERNAL RATE OF RETURN) WTO WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION CBCNV Can bo cong nhan vien HSDT Ho so dir thau TRUONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN 0O0 DAO Dlf'C TAI DAU TU NANG CAO NANG LUC CANH TRANH CUA TONG CONG TY XAY DUNG VA PHAT TRIEN HA TANG (LICOGI) • • Chuyen nganh: Kinh te dau tu LUAN VAN THAC SY KINH TE TOM TAT LUAN VAN THAC SY o NGUOl HUONG DAN KHOA HOC: pgs.ts nguyIn bach nguyet HA NOI, NAM 2006 LOI MO DAU Tinh cap thiet cua de tai r r r •> r r Hoi nhap phat trien kinh te quoc te la xu hudng phat trien tat yeu giai doan hien Trong xu hudng hoi nhap, doanh nghiep nao co du kha A A f nang canh tranh moi co the ton tai va phat trien Khong nam ngoai xu the tren, cac doanh nghiep xay dung cung dang phai chiu mot ap luc canh tranh rat Ion khong chi giua cac doanh nghiep nganh ma chiu ap luc canh tranh tu cac doanh nghiep ngoai nganh va cac doanh nghiep tren the gidi Trude day, cac doanh nghiep xay dung chi chuyen mon hoa linh vuc thi cong xay dung, nhung hien san pham cua cac doanh nghiep xay dung het sue da dang va phong phu lien quan den nhieu nganh va nhieu linh vuc cua nen kinh te xa hoi Qua qua trinh nghien cuu kha nang phat trien cua Tong cong ty xay dung va phat trien tang (LICOGI), xet thay mot van de noi com len la lam the nao de nang cao kha nang canh tranh cua Tong cong r \ r ty ma cot loi d day la dau tu nhu the nao de nang cao nang luc canh tranh va vi the cua Tong cong ty tren thi trudng Chinh vi vay, tac gia chon de tai nghien cuu: “Dau tu1 nang cao nang luc canh tranh cua Tong cong ty xay dung va phat trien tang (LICOGI)” la de tai cd tinh cap thiet lam co sd quan de de cac giai phap nham nang cao kha nang canh tranh cua Tong cong ty LICOGI tren thi trudng r Doi tuong va pham vi nghien cuu Doi tuong nghien cuu: Luan van nghien cuu hoat dong dau tu nham nang cao kha nang canh tranh cua Tong cong ty de tu dua mot so giai phap nham nang cao nang luc canh tranh cua Tong cong ty tren thi trudng Pham vi nghien cu u: - Luan van gidi han nghien cuu noi dung dau tu nham nang cao nang luc canh tranh d tong cong ty xay dung va phat trien tang (LICOGI) 11 - Trong qua trinh nghien cuu co tim hieu them cac tong cong ty khac nganh xay dung nham lam co so so sanh, danh gia Cac phirong phap nghien cuu Su dung phuong phap vat bien chung, phuong phap phan tich tong hop, phucrng phap thong ke, dung cac bang bieu, so lieu cac bao r X cao tai chinh, ke hoach kinh doanh, bao cao dau tu Tir rut cac nhan xet, ket luan A Nhung dong gop cua chuyen de r r x x r x - Thu nhat: da he thong hoa nhung van de ly luan ve dau tu nang cao nang lire canh tranh cua cac doanh nghiep xay dung A A - Thu hai: lam rd thuc trang dau tu cua Tong cong ty nham nang cao nang luc canh tranh, tir danh gia dupe nhung han che va chi nguyen Z •* A A nhan cua nhung han che hoat dong dau tu nham nang cao nang luc canh tranh cua Tong cong ty tren thi truong r a r - Thu ba: tir nhung han che va nguyen nhan tren, luan van de xuat cac A giai phap nham nang cao kha nang canh tranh cua Tong cong ty tren thi truong Ket cau cua luan van Ngoai phan mb dau va ket luan, noi dung chinh cua luan van dupe trinh bay theo ba chuong: Chuong 1: Co’ so' ly luan ve canh tranh va dau tir nham nang cao nang luc canh tranh ciia doanh nghiep xay dung Chuong 2: Thuc trang dau tir nang cao nang luc canh tranh cua Tong cong ty xay dung va phat trien tang (LICOGI) giai doan 2001-2005 Chuong 3: Mot so giai phap dau tu nham nang cao nang luc canh tranh cua Tong cong ty xay dung va phat trien tang (LICOGI) 103 Sau danh gia thuc trang, Tong cong ty lap mot ke hoach cac cong viec can lam, nhung nguoi chiu trach nhiem chinh, nguoi van hanh co quy dinh ro tien thoi gian cho tung khau, tung cong viec - Trien khai ke hoach hanh dong r + To chuc tap huan, lap khoa dao tao cho ban chi dao va nhung nguoi lien quan de nhan thuc day du ve ISO 9000 : 2000 va ISO 14000 Dao tao r r ■> r ■> mot so can bo chu chot de tu danh gia noi bo Sau trien khai ap dung, tien hanh xem xet ke hoach hanh dong + Sau mot thoi gian ap dung, Tong cong ty can phai tien hanh danh , ' r r •> gia chat luong noi bo, tim nhung thieu sot, nhung sai pham bat hop ly de co bien phap khac phuc kip thoi Ngoai cac noi dung tren, de quan ly tot chat luong va tien thi cong thi Tong cong ty phai thuc hien nhung bien phap sau: - Tang cuong cong tac giam sat tung khau qua trinh thi cong Quy dinh ro trach nhiem cua tung nguoi ung vdi tung cong viec co nhu vay moi nang cao y thuc trach nhiem cua moi nguoi - Co ke hoach su dung, luan chuyen nhan cong, moc thiet bi giua cac cong trinh dang thi cong cho hop ly dam bao du nhan cong, MMTB thi cong cong trinh - Dao tao nang cao trinh cua nhung can bo lam cong tac lap ke hoach tien thi cong dam bao tien duoc lap sat vdi tinh hinh thi cong tren thuc te, phu hop vdi kha nang cua Tong cong ty - Co ke hoach dam bao du dau vao nguyen vat lieu phuc vu cho thi cong Chong lang phi nguyen vat lieu lam anh hudng tdi gia cong trinh - Tang cuong cong tac quan ly, giam sat thi cong tu Tong cong ty den cac don vi vien, chi nhanh va den cong truong Ban hanh nhung quy dinh xu phat nghiem khac nhung hanh vi sai pham lam anh hudng tdi chat 104 luong va tien thi cong There hien nhung buoc tren se dem lai nhung hieu qua rat ldn cho sir phat trien cua Tong cong ty: Chat luong va tien thi cong cong trinh dam bao khong nhung se nang cao hieu qua san xuat kinh doanh cua Tong cong ty dong thdi se nang cao uy tin va vi the cua Tong cong ty, tao dupe niem tin noi Chu dau tu 3.2.5 Tang cudng dau tir cho hoat dong Marketing: Nghien cuu thi trudng la mot cong viec can thiet dau tien doi vdi bat ky doanh nghiep nao qua trinh hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh Mot doanh nghiep khong the khai thac het tiem nang cua minh cung nhu khong thoa man tat dupe nhu cau cua khach hang neu khong cd dupe day du cac thong tin chinh xac ve thi trudng Thong qua viec nghien cuu thi trudng, doanh nghiep se nam dupe nhung thong tin can thiet ve gia ca, cung cau hang hoa va dich vu ma doanh nghiep dang kinh doanh hoac se kinh doanh de de nhung phuong an chien luoc va bien phap cu the dupe thuc hien muc tieu kinh doanh de Qua trinh nghien cuu thi trudng la qua trinh thu thap thong tin, so lieu ve thi trudng kinh doanh, phan tich so sanh so lieu va rut ket luan, tu de cac bien phap thich hop doi vdi cac doanh nghiep Nhu da phan tich d chuong 2, chung ta co the thay, chi phi cho quang cao, Marketing d Tong cong ty la rat thap so vdi tong muc dau tu Dieu gay anh hudng Ion den vi the va uy tin cua Tong cong ty tren thi trudng De khac phu nhirpc diem nay, thdi gian tdi Tong cong ty can phai thuc hien mot so giai phap sau: 3.2.5.1 Tang cuong hoat dong giao tiep, quang Hoat dong tieu thu san pham cua doanh nghiep xay dung khong giong nhu cac doanh nghiep cong nghiep khac la dua san pham thi trudng cho khach hang chon mua Ngupc lai, ho can phai dua vao danh tieng cua minh 105 cac doanh nghiep co sir canh tranh true tiep la sir so sanh ve danh tieng tich ciia doanh nghiep, no anh hudng den kha nang thang thau cua doanh nghiep Do vay, qua trinh tranh thau, Tdng cong ty can lam tot cong tac quang cao de tang them muc tin cay cua chu dau tu doi vdi doanh nghiep, tu tang kha nang trung thau, ddng thdi tang sd luong cac X ■x - Tang cudng tuyen truyen, quang cao ve hinh anh va uy tin cua Tdng cong ty, chu yeu la qua viec gidi thieu cac tich ma Tdng cong ty da dat dupe, chu den gidi thieu cac cong trinh chat luong cao da va dang thi cong thdi gian qua Dac biet, Tdng cong ty can phai lam noi bat dupe nang luc cua minh va viec dam bao trach nhiem cao thi cong cong trinh, nham tao sir tin cay noi chu dau tu, nang cao uy tin thuong hieu '' r , r r \ cua Tdng cong ty tren thi trudng quoc te va tang sd luong khach hang tiem nang tim den ky ket hop ddng vdi Tdng cong ty - Viec tuyen truyen quang cao se dupe thuc hien qua cac phuong tien thong tin dai chung nhu: mang Internet, tivi, dai bao, cac tap chi chuyen nganh Dac biet, Tdng cong ty can tiep tuc hoan thien trang Web rieng cua minh de co dieu kien tiep can cac doi tac va ngoai nudc, giup tang kha nang khai thac thi trudng va tim kiem viec lam - Ben canh do, Tdng cong ty van can tri quan he truyen thong vdi r r \ cac ban hang cu, tao mdi quan he tot dep vdi cac chu dau tu, cac co quan tu van va cac co quan quan ly nha nudc r 5.2.5.2 x Tang cuong cong tdc Marketing boat dong dau than Cong tac Marketing nghien cuu thi trudng cd vai tro quan trong qua trinh tham gia tranh thau cua Tdng cong ty Marketing nham tang kha nang tim kiem cac cong trinh tham du thau nham md rong thi trudng, nang cao thuong hieu cua Tdng cong ty Va no cung la dieu kien de Tdng cong ty 106 co the dua cac chien lupc tranh thau thich hop, giup tang kha nang thang thau Do vay, viec tang cuong day manh hoat dong Marketing dau thau Tong cong ty can phai: - Day manh cong tac tiep thi, tim kiem cac dir an xay dung, thu thap thong tin chinh xac, nhanh chong nham dua dupe cac chien luoc canh tranh thau phu hop de doi voi nhung thay doi va mo rong thi trudng, tao su chu dong hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh noi chung va hoat dong dau thau noi rieng - Tim hieu cac thong tin ve thi trudng xay dung va ngoai nudc, can cu vao ke hoach dau tu, cac du an dau thau nuoc va dau thau quoc te se dupc to chuc tuong lai, phan loai va danh gia de xac dinh nhung phan doan thi trudng xay dung nhung mang thi trudng co tinh dong nhat de de lira chon, de dau thau va trung thau, phat huy dupe tdi da lpi the ciia Tdng cong ty, nang cao kha nang canh tranh tren thi trudng - Thu thap cac thong tin ve cac doi thu canh tranh, xac dinh nhung mat manh, mat yeu, chien lupc tranh thau cua cac ddi thu de co bien phap ddi \ A kip thdi, gop phan nang cao kha nang trung thau cua Tdng cong ty - Tim hieu chu dau tu, ben moi thau, va thi trudng cac yeu to dau vao nhu nguyen vat lieu, nhan cong, MMTB va cac dieu kien ve tir nhien, van hoa xa hoi khu vuc thi cong de co the phat huy dupc nhung dieu kien thuan lpi tham gia tranh thau va thuc thi cong trinh Tren co' sd nam dupc cac thong tin tren, Tdng cong ty se de cac chien lupc va chinh sach Marketing phu hpp va linh boat (chinh sach gia ca, chinh sach san pham, chinh sach tiep thi, chinh sach giao tiep, quang ba ) de ap dung theo muc tieu cua Tdng cong ty va theo vao dien bien ciia qua trinh canh tranh 107 Thuc hien nhung bien phap tren se giup cho Tong cong ty nang cao duoc vi the va uy tin cua minh, mb rong duoc cac moi quan he vbi cac chu > r f \ ■> dau tir va cac doi tac, tim kiem dirge nhieu viec lam Tong cong ty se co dinh hubng, ke hoach sir dung, phan phoi nguon luc cua minh mot each hop ly nhat mang lai hieu qua cao 3.2.5.3 Xay dung vd phat trien thuong hieu Dau tu xay dung thirong hieu la mot viec lam het sire can thiet doi vbi r •> r r r Tong cong ty, nhat la giai doan hoi nhap kinh te quoc te hien Tong cong ty can mb rong thuong hieu, xue tien quang cao hinh anh cua minh, khong chi nham muc dich quang ba thuong hieu nuoc ma dac biet la quang ba nirbe ngoai Ben canh Tong cong ty cung can phai dang ky, bao ho cho thuong hieu cua minh nham tranh tinh trang thuong hieu da duoc dang ky boi doanh nghiep khac tren the gibi De phat trien thuong hieu, thbi gian tbi Tong cong ty can tap trung dau tu- Iam tot cac noi dung sau: Mot la, Tong cong ty phai phat trien sang tao nhan hieu Tong cong ty can trao viec hoach dinh chien luoc va sang tao nhan hieu cho cac chuyen gia nham muc dich la bien minh ngubi tham dinh, su dung cac dich vu tir van nhu: tu van sang tao phat trien nhan hieu, tu van ve phap ly, tu van kinh doanh va hoach dinh chien luoc, tu van ve quang cao va truyen thong, r r giam sat cac nha cung cap dich vu tu van Hai la, xay dung thirong hieu phai khoi day cam xue cua khach hang De xay dirng mot thuong hieu duoc khach hang tin cay thi Tong cong ty can phai hieu ro ngubi hach hang cua minh hon het, va luon lay sir hai long 108 vay, viec dang ky sd huu cong nghiep, dang ky doc quyen nhan hieu, nham bao ve quyen va loi ich hop phap cua thuong hieu tai cac thi trudng ma Tdng cong ty cd chien luoc dau tu kinh doanh la rat can thiet r A A A 3.2.6 Dau tir nang cao chat luong ho so’ dir thau Chat luong ho so du thau la mot nhung tieu chi co ban quyet dinh viec nha thau co trung thau hay khong De nang cao chat luong HSDT, Tdng cong ty can phai dau tu xay dung mot bo ho so du thau chuan, dam bao A A A A chat che va tinh hop le cua ho so De mot quy trinh lam ho so nham thuan tien cho cong tac quan ly va tranh nhung thieu sot lam ho so Mot HSDT co tinh thuyet phuc cao ddi vdi ben mdi thau truoc tien phai la mot manh cua doanh nghiep, dua duoc cac giai phap ve ky thuat va thi cong thoa dang, du toan chi phi mot each khoa hoc va chinh xac phoi hop cung cac yeu to khac tao su tin cay noi chu dau tu Tuy nhien, to chuc HSDT la r r mot cong viec het sue ti mi, lai phai thuc hien mot thdi gian han che Do vay, doi ngu lam ho so thau phai hoan thien hon nua ky nang xay dung HSDT, lam tot cac cong viec sau: A A - Nghien cuu ky ho so’ moi than Nghien cuu ky HSDT la mot viec lam can thiet nham dap ung dupe day du cac yeu cau cua chu dau tu De lam tot dieu can tap trung vao nghien cuu, tim hieu cac van de sau: + Thuyet minh tdng hop ve du an + Ban thiet ke ky thuat, ban tien luong r a + Cac khoan chu yeu hop ddng + Cac dieu kien can thiet khac - Tang cuong thu tluip thong tin, khao sat hien truong: Day la cong viec quan co tinh quyet dinh den chat luong HSDT Cac thong tin can phai thu thap d day la cac van de lien quan den du an, 109 dac diem vi tri dia ly, hien trudng thi cong, dia chat, dia hinh, giao thong van tai, thong tin lien lac, cac dieu kien cung ung nguyen vat lieu, kha nang khai thac nguyen vat lieu tai cho, cac dieu kien ve cung cap thau phu chuyen nghiep, nhan cong, kha nang cung cap luong thuc thuc pham, gia ca Nhung thong tin se lam co so cho viec thiet lap bien phap to chuc thi cong, cac giai phap ky thuat, cac phuong an cung cap vat tu, xac lap gia du thau - Xay dung mot de xuat ky thuat co tinh kha thi cao De xuat giai phap ky thuat phai xay dung cac bien phap to chuc thi cong, xay dung so mat bang to chuc thi cong, cac phuong an su dung MMTB, nguyen vat lieu, nhan cong Bam sat ho so' thiet ke ky thuat de co the vach dupc bien phap thi cong theo dung tuan tu cac phan viec, co tinh kha thi cao, va can co gang dua dupc nhung giai phap thi cong tai cac diem xung yeu dac thu, dac biet so vdi cac doi thu canh tranh Xac dinh tien thi cong cong trinh va cac bien phap bao dam an toan cho ngudi lao dong A - Xay dung gid ho thau hop ly De co the tinh toan va xay dung dupc mot don gia du thau hpp ly phu hpp vdi tinh toan cua chu dau tu dong thdi la muc gia thap hon so vdi cac doi thu canh tranh (trong dieu kien cac tieu chuan khac la tuong duong), nhom lam thau can phai dam bao thuc hien tot cac cong viec sau: + Nam vu'ng he thong tieu chuan dinh muc va cac hudng dan chung ve lap gia du toan xay dung + Khi xay dung don gia du thau ngoai viec phai tinh toan day du cac yeu to cau nen gia du thau nhu chi phi ve nguyen vat, may thi cong, nhan cong, chi phi chung va cac chi phi khac , nhom lam thau can phai tinh toan den nhung chi phi co the phat sinh lam tang gia san pham , cac yeu to rui ro, trupt gia dong thdi co cac bien phap thuc hien tiet kiem chi phi, giam gia san pham 110 van chuyen nguyen vat lieu, cac loai thue xuat nhap khau Sau da tinh toan dupe gia cua cong trinh, nhom lam thau can r r x , phai can cu- vao mu'e lpi nhuan du- kien, chien lupc tranh thau cua TCT de du-a muc gia bo thau thich hop, va tim hieu cac thong tin ve chien lupc tranh thau cua cac doi thu canh tranh de co chien lupc giam gia phu hop 3.2.7 Mo’ rong lien ket kinli te Lien ket kinh te la mot nhu’ng hinh thuc hop tac b trinh cao cua ngubi qua trinh san xuat, kinh doanh Hop tac giua ngubi vbi ngubi da xuat hien tu xa hoi loai ngubi xuat hien thong qua viec b theo bay dan va biet cung san ban, hai lupm Qua thbi gian, cung vbi su phat trien cua luc luong san xuat, trinh hop tac cang phat trien cao hon Ngay de tang hieu qua cua su phoi hop, thi viec lien ket giua cac don vi san xuat la mot tat yeu khong the phu nhan Noi mot each tong quat: Lien ket kinh te la su thiet lap cac moi quan he giu’a cac chu the san xuat, kinh doanh, co the giu’a cac doanh nghiep thuoc cung linh vuc hoat dong, giua cac doi tac canh tranh hoac giua cac doanh nghiep co cac hoat dong mang tinh chat bo sung, nham tiet kiem thbi gian, tiet kiem chi phi, dat hieu qua cao hon san xuat - kinh doanh, tao suc manh canh tranh, cung chia se cac kha nang, mb nhung thi trubng moi nhung diem sau day: - Tao dieu kien de tiet kiem ve qui mo, chi phi; - Giup doanh nghiep lam chu tot hon tinh phuc tap cua thi trubng X X dieu kien toan cau hoa thuong mai; ill - Giup doanh nghiep phan ung nhanh nhay hon vdi nhung thay ddi cua mdi tru'dng kinh doanh; - Tao dieu kien tang kha nang linh hoat cua doanh nghiep vi cac doanh nghiep cd the giam thieu co cau theo cap bac va nhu- vay, se de dang hon viec thay ddi, tap trung hon cho mot linh vuc co the manh cua doanh nghiep; - Giup doanh nghiep tiep can nhanh chong hon vdi cac cong nghe mdi Cac ben tham gia lien ket cd the chuyen giao cong nghe cho nhau, vdi nhung chi phi hop ly va thdi gian nhanh chong, sir tin cay lan nhau; - Giup giam thieu cac rui ro Khi tham gia lien ket, rui ro se dupe phan bo cho cac ddi tac tham gia, chu- khong phai chi tap trung vao mot chu the, kha nang vuot qua kho khan se cao hon; - Giup doanh nghiep de dang chinh phuc nhung thi trudng mdi kha r < x ' nang tai chinh, tan dung loi the chi phi thap (hop ddng cung cap san pham, ); - Tao dieu kien giam nhe co cau ben doanh nghiep, thong qua viec chuyen mon hoa cac cong doan san xuat, kinh doanh Tuy nhien, lien ket kinh te cung cd mat tieu cue cua nd la cd the tao su- doc quyen, khong khuyen khich canh tranh giua cac chu the tham gia thi trudng, dan den gay thiet hai cho ngudi mua (do doc quyen ban) hoac cho ngudi ban (do doc quyen mua) Ngoai ra, lien ket cd the dan tdi tinh trang sup day chuyen mot nhung chu the tham gia bi pha san gay mat on dinh cho nen kinh te De md rong lien ket kinh te, Tdng cong ty can phai thuc hien cac giai phap sau: - Day manh dau tu Nang luc ve von, cong nghe, trinh lao dong cua Tdng cong ty 112 - Nang cao y thu-c lien ket, dac biet la thien chi san sang hop tac cua lanh dao Tong cong ty - Khuyen khich viec phat trien thuong hieu cua Tong cong ty va co cac bien phap hu’u hieu, bao dam quyen so huu cong nghiep, tao dieu kien cho Tong cong ty phat trien va khuyech truong thuong hieu cua minh tren thi trudng va ngoai nudc Nhu vay, lien ket kinh te la mot dieu kien tat yeu ddi vdi Tdng cong ty r f y r nen kinh te thi trudng, dac biet la qua trinh hoi nhap kinh te quoc te va toan cau hoa Muon ton tai va phat trien, Tdng cong ty can co su hen ket doanh nghiep nudc va quoc te de tan dung nhung lpi the cua Ngoai mot sd bien phap nua ma Tdng cong ty cung can luu y thuc hien: - Cai thien ho so kinh nghiem: tang cuong tham du cac goi thau, ke —' A ca thau phu Tu ho so kinh nghiem cua Tdng cong ty se tang A A f \ lam tien de tot cho viec tham du cac goi thau ldn hon va kha nang thang thau cung se cao hon - Mot bien phap nua la tang cuong cong tac du bao, du doan nham du doan dupc xu hudng cua thi trudng de cd cd dinh hudng dau tu’ dung Khi nhu cau xuat hien thi Tdng cong ty da co san tiem luc, dieu kien de tham gia 3.3 KIEN NGHI DOI VOI NHA NUOC Trong hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh, cac chinh sach quan ly cua Nha nude deu anh hudng den hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh cua doanh nghiep tu anh hudng den sue canh tranh cua doanh nghiep tren thi trudng Trong lmh vuc xay dung, viec thay doi chu truong, dinh hudng phat trien kinh te xa hoi cua nganh, vung co anh hudng rat ldn den hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh cua cac doanh nghiep xay dung noi chung va Tdng cong ty LICOGI noi 113 rieng Qua nhung mat ton tai, kho khan va de xuat giai phap doi vdi Tong cong ty, tac gia kien nghi mot so giai phap doi vdi nha nudc nhu sau: - Thu nhat: Nha nudc can cd chinh sach hoan thien de phat trien dong bo thi trudng xay dung d Viet Nam, tao dieu kien thuan lpi cho cac doanh nghiep xay dung tu chu kinh doanh, tao mot san choi cong bang cho cac doanh nghiep tham gia vao thi trudng, dac biet qua trinh tranh thau va viec trien khai cac du an dau tu - Thu hai: Nha nudc can hoan thien chinh sach Nha nudc ve imh vuc xay dung, trudc het la nham vao chinh sach dau tu vdn, cho vay, ho tro vdn dau tu doi vdi cac doanh nghiep xay dung de nang nhanh quy mo vdn, tang sue tranh thau xay dung, dap ung doi hoi cua cac cong trinh ldn, phu hop vdi xu the hoi nhap va xu hudng phat trien cua dat nudc Dac biet doi vdi cac cong trinh dupe chi dinh lam chu dau tu thuc hien cac cong trinh tai khu vuc vung sau, vung xa Day la yeu to ho tro rat ldn, dac biet dieu kien that chat tin dung tu phia cac ngan hang hien - Thu 3: Nha nudc can cd bien phap cu the de hoan thien va xay dung thi trudng chung khoan Viet Nam de thuc su la mot kenh huy dong vdn tien tien va hieu qua doi vdi doanh nghiep - Thu 4: Nha nudc can xay dung mot he thong cac van ban phap ly hoan chinh doi vdi viec quan ly va thuc hien hoat dong dau tu xay dung Ket luan chuong 3: Trong chuong luan van trinh bay phuong hudng phat trien cua Tong cong ty LICOGI giai doan 2006-2010, xac dinh nhung thuan lpi va kho khan viec thuc hien ke hoach Tren co so thuc trang dau tu nang cao kha nang canh tranh cua TCT dupe de cap chi tiet chuong va dinh hudng phat trien cua TCT, luan van da xay dung mot so giai phap dau tu nham nang cao nang luc canh tranh cua TCT tren thi trubng nhu: - Nang cao hieu qua su dung vdn va khai thac tdi da cac kenh huy 114 dong von, dac biet la huy ddng von tren thi trudng chu’ng khoan va huy dong von tu cac to chuc nudc ngoai - Tang cudng dau tu mua sam MMTB va dau tu phat trien ngudn nhan luc de nang cao kha nang canh tranh cua TCT tren thi trudng - Cac bien phap tang cudng dau tu cho hoat dong Marketing, cong tac quan ly chat luong, tien thi cong, cong tac lap ho so du thau va md rong kha nang lien ket kinh te cung dupe luan van phan tich ky Cac bien phap nham giam gia nhu lua chon hinh thuc dau tu r thich hop, su dung nguyen vat lieu thay the hoac san pham phu, nang cao chat luong san pham de giam chi phi van chuyen Ngoai luan van kien nghi doi vdi Nha nudc nham lam cho moi trudng canh tranh binh dang va thong thoang hon 115 KET LUAN Canh tranh la mot quy luat tat yeu nen kinh te thi truong Canh tranh la mot nhung dong luc manh me de thuc day su phat trien cua bat ky doanh nghiep, nganh, linh vuc san xuat kinh doanh nao Do vay tang sue yr x r r x canh tranh la dieu ma bat cu don vi nao nen kinh te deu mong muon Tu- nuoc ta chuyen sang nen kinh te thi trudng den nay, bai toan lam the nao de nang cao sue canh tranh da co rat nhieu loi giai dap khac Trong de tai nghien cuu em muon dua mot cai nhin tdng the ve dau tu nang cao nang luc canh tranh va giai phap de nang cao nang luc canh tranh thong qua dau tu mot each hieu qua nhat Qua qua trinh nghien cuu, tim hieu thuc trang dau tu nang cao nang luc canh tranh cua Tdng cong ty LICOGI, luan van da cd nhung dong gop chu yeu sau: - Luan van da he thong hoa ly luan ve canh tranh, va dau tu nang cao nang luc canh tranh cua doanh nghiep xay dung - Luan van da phan tich, danh gia thuc trang dau tu nang cao kha nang canh tranh cua Tdng cong ty LICOGI Tren co so phan tich tinh hinh vdn x r r y x e dau tu , co cau vdn dau tu va cac ngudn luc de tim nhung ton tai va nguyen nhan cua nd, lam co sd de cac giai phap nham nang cao nang luc canh tranh cua Tdng cong ty tren thi trudng - Tu he thong ly luan va phan tich thuc trang d chuong lva chuong 2, Luan van da de xuat mot sd giai phap nham nang cao kha nang canh tranh cua Tdng cong ty LICOGI Do thdi gian nghien cuu han che va su hieu biet cua ban than ve van de chua dupe sau rong, rat mong nhan dupe nhung y kien dong gop quy bau tu cac thay, cd de de tai nghien cuu cua em dupc hoan thien hon Em xin chan cam on./ /)4 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Tieng Viet: GS.TS Nguyen Van Chon (1996), "Kinh te Quan tri kinh doanh Xay dung", NXB Khoa hoc ky thuat, Ha Noi TS Nguyen Van Cong (2001), “Lap, doc, kiem tra va phan tich bao cao tai chinh'", NXB Tai chinh., Ha Noi Dang Cong san Viet Nam (2001), “Van kien Dai hoi Dang cong san Viet nam lan thu- LX", NXB Chinh tri quoc gia, Ha Noi PGS.TS Nguyen Dang Hac (1998), "Phan tich kinh te hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh cua doanh nghiep xay dung", NXB Xay dung, Ha Noi Luat cua Quoc hoi nude Cong hoa Xa hoi Chu nghTa Viet Nam so 14/2003/QH11 26/11/2003 ve doanh nghiep Nha nudc Luat xay dung, so 16/2003/QH11 26 thang 11 nam 2003 Nghiem Sy Minh (2000), “Marketing xay dung va ung dung nd vao r r doanh nghiep xay dung", Luan an TS., Dai hoc Kinh te Quoc dan, Ha Noi Nghi dinh 52/ ND-CP 8/7/1999 ve "Quy che quan ly va dau tu xay dung co ban" Nghi dinh 88/ND-CP 1/9/1999 ve "Quy che dau thau" 10 PGS.TS Nguyen Bach Nguyet, TS Tu Quang Phuong (2004), "Giao trinh kinh te dau tu", NXB Thong ke, Ha Noi 11 Tran Suu (2005), "Nang luc canh tranh cua doanh nghiep dieu \ r kien toan cau hoa", Nha xuat ban lao dong, Ha Noi 12 Tap chi xay dung 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 13 Tdng cong ty LICIGI (2005), Bao cao tdng ket giai doan 2001-2005 14 Tong cue thong ke (2005), Nien giam thong ke 2004, Nha xuat ban Thong ke, Ha Noi 15 Nguyen Tien Trien (1996), “Cac giai phap nang cao sire canh tranh cua doanh nghiep xay dung nha nude a Viet Nam”, Luan an PTS., Dai hoc Kinh te Quoc dan, Ha Noi 16 Trudng Dai hoc Kinh te Quoc dan, Khoa Ke toan (2001), “Giao trinh phan tich hoat dong kinh doanh”, NXB Thong ke, Ha Noi 17 PGS.TS Tran Van Tung (2004), “Canh tranh kinh te”, NXB the gioi, Ha Noi 18 Vien Nghien cuu quan ly kinh te Trung uong va chuong trinh phat trien cua Lien hop quoc (2003), “Nang cao nang lire canh tranh r quoc gia”, NXB Giao thong van tai, Ha Noi 19 http://www.vneconomy.com.vn 20 http://vnexpress.net/Vietnam/kinhdoanh/2006 21 http://www.undp.org.Vietnam/undp/unews/2006 22 http://www.undp.org.Vietnam/undp/fact Tieng Anh: 23 M.E Porter (1985), "The Competitive of Nations", The Free Press, New York 24 Siegfried P Gudergan (2001), Contemparary Management, Pearson Custom Publishing, Australia 25 http://www.accountability.org.uk/uploadstore Marketing