Nguoi khdng cd y dinh trd thanh mot nha van, van tho Ngudi viet chu yeu phuc vu cho each mang nhung nd vin chiia dung nhuhg gia tri van hoc to ldh.. Tho van cua Ngudi con la nhuhg bai ho
Trang 1• THONG TIN - TL/ LIEU
— THONG TIN - TL/ LIEU
V e q u a n d i e m s a n g t a c v a n h o c
c u a C h u t i c h H o C h i M i n h
•
• NGUT DANG HIEN
Chu tich Hd CM Minh
khong nhuhg la nha each
mang vi dai, ma cdn la
mot nha van ldh Nguoi khdng cd
y dinh trd thanh mot nha van, van
tho Ngudi viet chu yeu phuc vu
cho each mang nhung nd vin
chiia dung nhuhg gia tri van hoc
to ldh Bdi le, dd la anh sing tda
tit cudc doi vi dai, tam hon thanh
cao, dao due sang ngdi va tu
tudng nhan van cao quy cua Hd
CM Minh Tho van cua Ngudi
con la nhuhg bai hoc quy ve sang
tic van hoc gin lien vdi quan
dilm sing tic nghe thuat diing
dan m i Nguoi da quin triet trong
tat ca cac tie phim cua minh
Hd Chii tich da sit dung ngdi biit
nhu mot vu khi chien diu Ngudi
bao gid cung tu dat cho minh nhuhg
nguyen tic khi cam ML
Trudc het, Hd CM Minh dat
van de: viet de lam gi, viet cho ai,
viet cai gi v i viet nhu the nao?
Ngudi ndi: "Ve ndi dung vid't ma
cac cd cac chu goi l i d i tai tM tit
ca cac bai Bac vie't cM cd mdt d i
tai: "Chdng thuc dan de qud'c,
chdng phong kien dia chu, tuyen
truyln doc lap dan toe va chu
ngMa xa hdi""(1) Trong bai Cam
tudng doc thien gia thi (Nhat ky
trong th), Hd CM Minh viit:
"Nay 6 trong tho nen cd thep Nha tho cung phai biet xung
phong"
Trong Thugtii cdc hoa sinhdn
dip trien lam hoi hoa 1951,
Ngudi chi rd: "Van hoi, van nghe cung la mot mat tran Anh chi em cung l i cMeh si tren mat tran ay"(2>; ddng thdi, giai tMch nhiem
vu cua van nghe si l i "Cung nhu cac chie'n si khac, chie'n si nghe thuat cd nMem vu nhit dinh the l i phung su khang chien, phung su
To qudc, phung su nhan dan, trudc het la cdng, nong, binh De lam tron nMem vu ay, chien si nghe thuat cin cd lap truong vung, tu tudng diing Ndi torn tit
la phai dat loi ich cua khang chien, cua Td qud'c, cua nhan dan len tren he't, trudc hit"
Trong thdi ky xay dung chu
nghia xa hpi b miln Bic va dau
tranh thdng nhat nude nha, Chu tich
Hd CM Minh da ndi vdi van nghe si ring, "Quin chiing dang chd dpi nhuhg tic phim xung dang vdi thdi dai ve vang cua chiing ta, nhuhg tac pham ca tung chan that nhuhg ngudi mdi, viec mdi ching nhuhg lam guong miu cho chung ta ngay nay ma cdn de giao due con chau ta
ddi sau"(3) Van chuong phuc vu each mang phai l i van chuong cd tinh nghe thuat cao, bao gdm nhiiu the loai: ngM Man, bao cM, van tho hinh tupng, van tho cd dpng
Du b the loai nio tM van tho cua
Ngudi cung ludn dat tdi mpt trinh
dp nghe thuat cao Hd CM Minh ludn cd su phan Met ro tic phim tuyen tmyin vdi tic pham van hpc hinh tupng Trong mpt bhc thu tra ldi dng H - tic gia mdt luan van chinh tri, Ngudi viit:
"Ong ndi phai giiip ddng bio ta lim quen nhuhg th ma nay chua Mlu, Mu rdi hp cung se Meu, cd the lam nhu vay dupe neu dng cM ngM den viet cho hp mpt tic pham van hpc, con neu tie phim cua dng lai dung d l tuyen truyln
tM dd phai la tic phim ai dpc cung Meu dupc"<4) Nhu vay, Ngudi quan Mem mdt tie pham tuyen tmyin phii d i Meu, ndi chung la don gian; con mpt tic phain van hpc khdng nhat tMe't mpi ngudi diu Meu ngay va diy
du, vi van hpc cd tinh da ngMa
Trong Nhat ky Uong tii cd nMeu
bai cho den nay khdng ai dim ndi
da Meu he't, nhu bai "Canh cMlu hdm", "Hdi tdi"
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Trang 2Cung co truong hop Nguoi
khong dinh tuyen truyen each
mang cung khdng dinh lam van
chuong, ma chi cot viet cho minh
tieu khien nhung tac pham lai cd
gia tri van chuong cao va cd tac
dung each mang to ldn V i du:
Nhat ky trong tu:
"Ngam tho ta vd'n khdng ham
Nhung vi trong nguc biet lam
chi day
Ngay dai ngam ngoi cho
khuay
Vita ngam vira doi den ngay
tu do" (Khai quyen)
So di nhu vay vi tho la su tu
bieu hien ciia nha tho, la tam hdn
cam xiic cua nha tho duqc nang
khieu va tai nang nghe thuat chap
canh da den lay ddng trai tim va
khdi dc cua ngudi doc Khdng
nen vi Bac co mdt so bai tho viet
"cho minh", khdng true tiep phuc
vu chinh tri ma chia quan diem
sang tic cua Ngudi lam hai: quan
diem ddi vdi sang tic van hoc ndi
chung va quan diem ddi vdi sang
tic cho ban than Can phai khang
dinh rang, quan diem sdng tdc
van hod cua Hd Chi Minh la nhat
quan Nhuhg bai tho tudng nhu
Ngudi chi viet "cho minh" khdng
true tiep phuc vu chinh tri vin la
nhuhg "bai tho cd thep" nhu mot
nha tho nude ngoai da cam nhan
Ho Chi Minh quan niem:
"Van hoc phai gin hen vdi ddi
sdng; van hoc xa lao dpng, xa ddi
sdng l i van hpc sudng"(5>
Ngay 7.10.945, nhan dip den
tham phdng trien lam van hoa,
Ngudi da phe binh: "Chit mo
mdng nhieu qua m i cii chat that
cua su sinh hoat rat it" Hd Chi
Minh da nhlc dai y ldi ciia Ld
Tah: ngudi trin len tien cd le
THONG TIN - TU LIEU cung thich that nhung nhin mai cai dep khdng thay ddi thi cung thiy nhat nheo va mdi biet rang mud'n tim thiy su thay ddi va su ham me that phai trd ve cudc song thuc tai cua con ngudi Den nam 1962, tai mdt trien lam hdi hpa khic, Ngudi da dinh g i i cao
su nd luc vuen len ciia cac hpa si
va ddng vien hp ring, cic tranh tupng dd ndi len dupe tinh ngudi, mieu t i chan that nhuhg ngudi lao ddng binh thudng; ring, anh chi
em da cd gang di vao ddi sdng the
la td't
Ngudi chdng lai su xa rdi hien thuc, thdi td hdng va su cudng didu qua mhc Theo Hd Chi Minh, mpt yeu ciu quan trong trong hoat ddng sang tic la "Cd the nao ndi the ay Bp dpi va nhan dan ta cung cd nhieu cai hay de neu len khdng cin phai bia dat ra"<6) Ching han, trong Nhat ky
Uong tu, cudc song chan thuc
khdng chut td ve, tham chi cd khi con thd rap nua nhung da di thing vao tho, nhu chuyen nau nudhg trong tu, chuyen gai ghe, chuyen cai gay bi danh clp
Trong tho cua Hd Chi Minh khdng cd chit lieu nio cao quy hon chit lieu nao; chlng han, Ngudi da dung cac hinh anh cot cay sd, con ga gay sang, chiec rang de ngu y ve phain each va
le song cao dep cua con ngudi
Van hpc gin voi cudc sdng va phuc vu cudc song; vi the, nd cung sinh dpng, da dang va phong phu nhu chinh ban than cudc song Van phong cua Hd Chi Minh nhit quan nhung da dang; su da dang dd vha phan anh
su phong phii, linh hoat trong tinh cam cua Ngudi, vha the hien su
dip iing huh hieu nhuhg yeu ciu khac nhau cua cudc song trong nhuhg hoan canh cu the trudc nhuhg ddi tupng cu the
Chu tich Hd Chi Minh ludn
neu cao quan diem quan chung
trong sang tic, cho rang "Quan chiing la ngudi sing tao, cdng nong la ngudi sang tao, nhung quin chiing khdng phai l i ngudi chi sang tao ra cua cai cho xa hdi
m i quin chung con l i ngudi sang tic nua Nhuhg cau tuc ngu, nhuhg cau ve, ca dao rit hay m i lai ngln Nhuhg sang tic i y la nhuhg hdn ngoc quy"(7) Bdi vay, Ngudi khuyen van nghe si trong hoat ddng sang tao phai hpc tieng ndi quin chiing; ddng thdi, can dan:
"Phii dat cau hdi viet cho ai?
- Viet cho dai da so cdng nong binh
Viet de lam gi?
- De giai thich giio due, cd dpng, phe binh
- De phuc vu quin chuhg"(8) Tren thuc te, cac sang tic cua Ngucd ludn dupe viet mpt each gian di, de hieu cho quin chiing nhan din dd tiep thu Chang han, Ngudi viet: "She cd manh mdi ganh dupe nang va di dupe xa Ngucd each mang phai cd dao diic due each mang lam nen tang mdi hoan thanh dupe nhiem vu each mang ve vang", hoac "Chu nghia ca nhan la mpt ke thii rit gian giao, xao quyet, nd kheo dd danh ngudi ta di xudng ddc Ma
ai cung biet rang xudng ddc thi de hon len ddc"
Mat khac, Hd Chi Minh chu
truong hoc vdn cu de sdng too
moi Yeu cau cd tinh nguyen tdc
trong xay dung van hoa la phai
chon loc khi ke thita cac gia tri
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Trang 3THONG TIN - TL/ LIEU
van hoa truyen thong va tiep thu
cac gia tri van hoa moi -" khong
phai cai gi cu cung bo het, khong
phai cai gi cung lam mdi Cai gi cu
ma xau, thi phai bd Cai gi cii ma
khdng xiu, nhung phien phuc thi
phai sua doi lai cho hop ly Cai gi
cii ma tot, thi phai phat trien
them Cai gi moi ma hay, thi ta
phai lam "<9) Ngudi ke thita
nhung gia tri trong van hoa truyen
thdng cua dan tdc de sang tao cai
mdi Chang han, hai cau tho
Ngudi viet: "Nay tuy chau chau da
voi/ Nhung mai voi se phai ldi mot
ra" da ke thixa thanh ngQ "chau
chau da voi" va cau tuc ngQ: "Nuc
cudi chau chau da xe/ Tuong rang
chau nga, ai de xe nghieng"
Ngudi cung khuyen can phai
tiep thu cac gia tri tinh hoa ciia van
hoc nude ngoai de lam giau cho
ban sac dan tdc: "Minh cd the bat
chudc nhuhg cai hay bat ky b nude
nao, b Au My, nhung dieu cot yeu
la sang tac" Khdng chi cd vay,
theo Ngudi, "minh da hudng cai
hay cua ngudi thi minh cung phai
cd cai hay cho ngudi ta hudng,
minh dimg vay ma khdng tra"(10)
Do quan diem tren ma trong tho
van cua Ngudi ludn cd su ket hop
ket hop chat che giua dan tdc va
nhan loai, giua cd dien va hien dai
Trong cac truyen ky cua minh
viet th nhiing nam 20 cua the ky
trudc, Ngudi da hoc tap van
chuong hien dai chau Au, ket hep
cai tham thuy cua phuong Ddng
vdi cai tinh te cua phuong Tay
Tuong tu nhu vay, tho chu
Han cua Hd Chi Minh the hien su
ke thha cd sang tao tho ca cd dien
Trung Qud'c va Viet Nam Chang
han, trong bai Nguyen tieu
(1948), Ngudi viet: "Yen ba tham
xQ dam quan su" cd nghia la: noi sau khdi sdng ban viec quan Cau tho nay chiu anh hudng th cau
"Yen ba giang thuong sir nhan sau" (Thdi Hieu - Hoang hac lau),
cd nghia la: 'Tren sdng khdi sdng cho buon long ai" (Tan Da dich)
Nhung khoi song trong tho ciia
Hd Chi Minh la canh thuc chie'n khu Viet Bac Ngudi tren thuyen
b noi sau khdi sdng i y dang ban
viec quan chii khdng phai ia an si hay lang th Cau tho ay the hien ngudi thi si - chie'n si rat yeu thien nhien, yeu tho cd; nd goi phong vi
cd thi mot each thii vi
Mdt didu nua, van hoc la nghe thuat ngon th Hd Chi Minh khdng
di sau vao ngon ngu van hoc, ngdn ngu tac pham van hoc, nhung Ngudi coi trong each ndi va each viet Ngoai viec nhan manh muc dich, ddi tuqng cua van chuong
nhu da ndi b tren, Hd Chi Minh
khuyen ngudi viet hay viet cho dd hieu, tranh cau ky hoac lam dung tieng nude ngoai Thiet nghi, day
la mdt tieu chi quan trong cua ngdn ngQ nghe thuat Mdt nha van ldh phai la nha van tao duqc mot van phong dac sac, cd anh huong ddi vdi van hoc dan tdc Hd Chi Minh ia mot nha van nhu the Van phong cua Ngudi cd nhuhg net dep de, ddc dao dung nhu ddng chi Trudng Qiinh da khai quit:
"Ndi dung khang khai, tham thia,
di sau vao tinh cam con ngudi, chinh phuc ca trai tim va khdi dc ngudi ta, hinh thiic sinh ddng, gian
di, dd hieu, giau tinh dan tdc, tinh nhan dan "m> Cd the noi, Hd Chi Minh mai mai la tarn guong giu gin va phat huy su trong sang cua tieng Viet Ngudi cho rang, chd ham dung chu, nhung chu ma
khdng biet thi chd dung; nhuhg chu ma chiing ta cd thi phai dung tieng ta
Tom lai, quan diem sang tie
cua Chu tich Hd Chi Minh rit tien
bo, rat diing dan duqc quin triet trong cac sang tac cua Ngudi Chinh dieu dd da gdp phan lam cho su nghiep tho van cua Hd Chi Minh cd gia tri bin vung, cd tac dung to ldh chang nhuhg ddi vdi
su nghiep each mang ma con ddi ved su phat trien cua nen van hoc nude nha Hd Chi Minh la ngudi lanh dao su nghiep each mang cua dan tdc, trong dd cd su nghiep van hoc Quan diem nghe thuat cua Ngudi cd tinh chat soi dudng chi ld'i, la nhuhg bai hoc bd ich cho tat
ca cac the he van nghe si Nhuhg quan diem dd duqc coi la nhuhg nguyen tic co ban, cd tinh dinh hudng ddi vdi su phat trien cua van hoc Viet Nam hien dai Dd la quan diem van hoc phai phuc vu su nghiep each mang, phuc vu nhan dan, cd tinh nghe thuat cao, cd tinh nhan dan, vda ke thha vita ddi mdi, vita dan tdc vha hien dai va phai hoc tap tinh hoa van hoc nude ngoai de lam giau cho ban sac dan tdc cua van hoc Viet NamQ
1, 2, 3, 8 Ho Chi Minh Ve vdn hod
vdn nghe Nxb Van hoa, H.1976, tr.100,
67, 113, 69
4 Tdng tap Van hoc Viet Nam, t96
Nxb KHXH, H.1980, tr.436
5,6, 7 Ho Chi Minh Ban vevdn hod
vd vdn nghe Nxb Van hoa Nghe thuat,
H.1963,tr.l07,20, 105
9 H6 Chi Minh Todn tap, t5 Nxb
CTQG, H.1995, tr.94-95
10 Dan theo: Hoai Thanh Co mot
nen vdn hod Viet Nam, 1946, tr 25
11 Vevdn hod vd nghe thuat, tl Nxb
Van hoc, 1985, tr 338
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