JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE Educational Sci , 2014, Vol 59, No 6A, pp 227 233 This paper is available online at http //stdb hnue edu vn REN LUYEN NANG LUC NGHE CHO SINH VIEN DAI HOC SU PHAM QUA HOAT DO[.]
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE Educational Sci., 2014, Vol 59, No 6A, pp 227-233 This paper is available online at http://stdb.hnue.edu REN LUYEN NANG LUC NGHE CHO SINH VIEN DAI HOC SU PHAM QUA HOAT DONG QUAN SAT, DU Gl6 TAI TRUdNG PHO THONG THUC HANH Trifdng Thi Bich Vien Nghien cicu Suphgm, Tnfdng Dgi hpc Suphgm Hd Npi Tom tat, Ddi vdi sinh vien sif pham, xudng trUcJiig phd thong de thUc hanh, thUc lap sU pham dUdc coi la klmu chuyen giao gifla li lu&n va thifc lien, giBa nhflng kiln thflc dUdc hoc tap nha trifdng va cong viec thUc te ma giao vien se Iam sau Tren cd sd kit qua khao sat sinh vien nam thfl TrUdng Dai hgc Su pham Ha Ngi nam hgc 2011 - 2012 ddt xuong IrUdng phd thdng EhUc hanh Nguyen TaE Thanh de quan sal, dit gid, bai bao da phan lich Ihuc Erang cac hoai dgng cua sinh vien, rut nhflng ilu diem, han chl ddng thdi dl xult mot s6 dinh hudng ddi mdi each thflc td chflc thifc hien, quan Ii sinh vien Erong hoat dong quan sat, dU gift tai trUdng phd thdng thUc hanh Tii khda: Nang luc nghe, hoat ddng quan sat, du gid, trUdng phd thong thyc hanh Mof dau Trong ChUdng Erinh dao tao nang life nghi cho giao vien tfldng lai, sau cung cap eho sinh vien tn thflc nghiep vy sfl phara (Tara Ii hgc, Giao due hgc, Lf luan va phfldng phap day hgc bd radn), cac Khoa/TrUdng sfi phara thudng danh radt khoang thdi gian nhit dinh to chflc cho sinh vien xudng trudng phd thdng thUc hanh de quan sat, du gid, tira hieu vl nha irUdng, Hoat dgng da giup sinh vien cd mot sU hinh dung cd ban ban dlu vl cd clu, td chflc cung nhfl cac boat ddng giao due cua nha trUdng phd thong trfldc di thuc tap sU pham Tron" bai viet nay, tac gia quan Eam den hai vln dl; Thfi nhit, ngi dung va thUc trang vl each thfic td chfic, trien khai cac boat dgng quan sat, dfi gid tai trUdng phd Ehdng Ehuc hanh; Ehfl hai, mgt sd dinh hUdng ddi mdi each Ehfic Eo chflc thuc hien, quan li sinh vien boat dgng quan sat, dU gid Eai trfldng phd thdng thflc hanh Lien he: TrifiJng Thi Bich, e-mail: bichnxbgd@gmail.coin 227 TrUdng Thj Bich No! dung nghien ciiu 2.1 Mot so van de noi dung va thurc trang ve each thiic to chiic, quan li cac hoat dong quan sat, duT gib tai truCtUng thong thtfc hanh TrUdng Ehdng thfic hanh la mdi Erfidng giao due thfic tien de sinh vien sfl phara van dung thfic banh nhfing tri thflc nghiep vu sfl phara da dfidc hgc Tuy vao hoan eanh khach quan cua rainh raa radi Khoa/Trfidng sU pham cho sinh vien xudng trUdng phd' thdng vao cae thdi diem khac Cac thdi diem sinh vien Dai hgc sU pham Ha Npi xudng ErUdng phd thdng de thflc hanh, thflc tap sfl pham la; Kien tap sfl pham vao nara thfi (2 tuan); quan sat, dfl gid vao nam thfl - cdn ggi la boat dong ren luyen nghiep vu sfl pham thudng xuyen (1 tuin); Ehflc tap sfl pham ddt I (hgc ki II nam thfl ba); thUc tap su phara dpt II (hpc ki II nara thfl 4) Bai vilt Eap trung vao hoat dgng quan sat dfl gid chuan bi cho thUc t5p sU pham ddt cua sinh vien sU pham * Muc dich cua chuong trinh ren luyen nghiep vii suphgm thudng xuyen - Giup sinh vien sU phara tim bleu ve cdng tac giao due dang diln d cac cd sd giao dye va lien he nhflng kiln thflc da hpc vdi thflc tl thong qua viec quan sat, dfl gid cac hoat dpng giao dye, qua dd nang cao nhan Ehfic, ki nang va tinh cam nghe nghiep - Nam dfidc cac dac trflng cua nha ErUdng va cac hoat ddng phong trao (cd clu nha trfldng, hd sd so sach, thdi khda bieu, sinh hoat chuyen mdn, cac hoat ddng ngoai gid len ldp, ) - Hieu dac diera lao dgng sU pham eua ngfldi giao vien thdng, chflc nang, nhiem vy cua ngudi giao vien - Nara bat va hieu dupe mgt sd dac diem tara sinh li cua hpc sinh trUdng phd thdng (dac diem ve giao tilp, nhu clu, tinh cam, nhan thflc, ) - Chuan bi cho ddt thuc tap sfl pham ddE d trfldng phd thdng * Cdc hoat dong cu the ' Td' chfic cho sinh vien nghe cac bao cao vl ki nang chu nhiem ldp; vl kinh nghiem to chflc, dilu khien mdt gid day hgc; ve each kiem tra, danh gia hpc sinh,, (EhUdng cd s6 dao tao mdi giao vien ErUdng Ehdng thUc hanh vl bao cao) - To chfic tfing nbdm sinh vien dfi gid day cua giao vien phd thdng; td chfic gdp y, nhan xet, ruE kinh nghiera - To chflc dfl gid smh boat ldp (hoac hpp phu huynh); to chfic gdp y, rut kinh nghiem - To chfic dfi gid chao cd dau tuin, gdp y, rut kinh nghiem - Td chflc nghe bao cao vl cd d u nha trUdng (do Ban Giam hieu trudng phd thong thUc hanh bao cao); vl cdng tac Doan, Ddi (Ban chip hanh Doan trfldng phd' thdng thflc hanh bao cao) * Cdch thiic td chiic, qudn li Ren luyen ndng luc nghi cho sinh viin Dgi hgc Su phgm qua hogt dpng - To bg radn Li luan va phUdng phap day hgc trien khai, Eo ehflc, Uen he vdi trudng thUc hanh, mdi giao vien gidi chuyen mdn, giau nang lUc sU pham ve ndi chuyen vdi sinh vien, - Phan cdng nhdm sinh vien dfi gid cu the vao cac Idp, - Quan ll sinh vien bang each diem danh Eai trUdng phd thdng thuc hanh, * Cdch thiic kiim tra, ddnh gid - Sau ddt quan sat, dU gid sinh vien phai vilt ban Ehu hoach gdm cac ngi dung; -I- Thu hoach vl cdng Eac Doan va nghe bao cao cua nha trfidng + Thu hoach ve hoat ddng du gid chao cd va lam cdng tac chu nhiem - sinh hoat ldp -I- Thu hoach vl boat dgng dU gid chuyen mdn + Thu hoach vl boat ddng giao due ndi chung * Nhiing uu diim cua hogt dong quan sdt, dii gid d triidng phd thong thUc hdnh - Trudng dUdc chpn lam dia diera giup sinh vien thuc hanh, thuc tap sU pham thudng la trudng tdt, gin cd sd dao tao, Ban giam hieu, giao vien nhiet Einh, giau nang life chuyen radn, hgc sinh ngoan, hgc tot - Sinh vien dfidc t|in mat "chflng kien" cac boat dpng giao dye Eai Erfldng thdng sau dUdc nghe/dgc cac tri thflc tai trfldng sU phara, Cac kiln thflc li thuylt vl nghiep vu su phara dUdc kiem nghiem Ehflc tl Dac biet, sinh vien budc dlu da hinh dung dUdc cd cau cua nha trUdng phd thdng; cd hieu bilt ban dlu ve lao ddng sU pham cua nha giao Qua khao sat sinh vien nam thfi 4, TrUdng Dai hgc SU pham Ha Ndi nam hpc 2011 - 2012, thiy ro ket qua kha quan ciia hoat dgng d ErUdng phd thdng thUc hanh Mdt sd sinh vien da Ed cd chinh kiln du gid day cua giao vien phd thdng (hoac dU cac boat dgng giao due nhU gid sinh hoat ldp, dU tIeE chao cd,,,.), Sinh vien Pham Thi PhUdng Thanh (Khoa Li - TrUdng Dai hoc Su phara Ha Not) da nhan xet thing than ban thu hoach cuoi ddt: "DU gid ldp 11 A7, bai Bai Eap ve dinh luaE Om va cdng suit dien tai trfidng phd thdng thuc hanh Nguyin ikt Thanh Uu diera: Tilt hgc diln dflng dfl kien Ngi dung tiet hpc phu hdp Nhfide diem; giao vien chfla Ehflc sfi phat huy Unh tich cflc cua hgc sinh, hgc sinh chUa thuc sU phai dgng nao, hiu hit cac boat ddng la nghe thiy giang bai" Cung sinh vien nay, dU rapt tilt day khac, da nhan xeE: "DU gid ldp 10A7, bai Luc dan hoi Uu diem: Ldp hpc sdi ndi, giao vien va hpc sinh tham gia gid hgc nhiet tinh Giao vien giang day hip din, phat trie'n tu duy, Einh tich cUc, chu ddng cho hpc smb Loi dat van de song dgng, gay td rad tfl nhfing ylu td lien quan tdi cuoc song thUdng (lly cac vi dy vl day treo quin ao, bg phan giara xdc cua xe may de dUa tinh huong cd vln dk, •) Giang day kien Ehfic ve cac dac diera lUc dan hdi d Id xo, giao vien dfla Einh hudng nham phat trien tu cua hgc sinh, bat hgc sinh phai suy nghi EU tim phUdng an tra Idi, giao vien khong Ehdng bao kiln thflc radi cho hgc sinh Day la each day hay va tiln bg, hgc sinh nhiet tinh, hang hai, hflng thfl vdl tilt hgc Nhfldc diera; Bi thieu gid", Rd rang, dUdc dU gid, dUde quyen nhan xet nhflng Uu diem cung nhU nhfing nhUdc diem 229 TrUdng Thi Bich cua giao vien phd thong la nhflng bai hgc sinh ddng va bd' ich thilt thuc eho sinh vien, giup sinh vien chflng chac va tfi tin hdn rit nhilu Erong qua trinh ren luyen, tich luy cac ki nang su phara - Sinh vien dfldc bdi dfldng, nang cao tinh cam nghe nghiep qua cae hoat dgng quan sat, du gid tai trUdng Ehdng Tinh eara nghi nghiep vdn da dUdc dUa vao ngi dung chudng trinh bo mdn T^ra \i hpc va sinh vien da dfldc hgc trudc xudng trUdng phd thdng thuc hanh de du gid, quan sat Tuy nhien, thUc tl nghien cflu gan day cung cho thiy hieu qua cua cac mdn hgc nghiep vy su pham trfldng SP khdng cao lam HIU hit sinh vien dlu cho rang cac kiln thfic cdn ban lara, li thuylt; cac tinh budng sU phara dfla chfla sat vdi thflc te day hpc va giao dye [1] Dfldc trai nghiem radi trUdng giao dye thuc, dupe chflng kien cac Einh hudng sU pham EhUc, dfldc cam nhan sU tin yeu, le phep cua hgc sinh thdng, khdng it sinh vien sU phara da cd each nhin khac, Ei'ch cUc hdn ddi vdi nghe day hgc, Sinh vien Biii Xuan Nhai, K60 Khoa Lich sfl (Trfldng Dai hoc Sfl pham Ha Ndi) da manh dan nhin nh|n ban thu hoach sau ddt xudng trfidng phd thdng quan sat, dfi gid: "Viec thay dd'i mdi trUdng hgc tap, Ehay dd'i hinh thflc hgc tap giup sinh vien hflng thu, tich cUc hdn qua Erinh hgc tap" Sinh vien Doan Thi VSn, K58 Khoa Lich sfi (TrUdng Dai hgc Sfl phara Ha Ndi) sau ddt quan sat, du gid da cara thay "yeu nghe hdn, rauon cdng hien hit rainh cho SU nghiep Erdng ngfldi cua daE nudc" [5] - Bang eac hoaE dgng "Eai nghe, raat thay" tai trUdng phd thdng thflc hanh, sinh vien da cd nhflng hieu biet nhat dinh ve trfldng phd thdng, dfldc bdi dudng cac ki nang sfl pham nhu ki nang day hgc, ki nang td' chflc hoat ddng ngoai gid len ldp, ki nang chu nhiem ldp, kl nang flng xfi sU phara, ki nang giai quylt cac xung dot tam II, Cac kiln thfic se la "tai san" thilt thfic de sinh vien van dung chinh thflc xudng trUdng thong de thflc tap su pham * Nhiing nhupc diim Hau bet sinh vien, cac bao cao thu hoach cua rainh, da cung chung y kiln danh gia ve nhfing han che cua ddt quan sat dU gid Eai ErUdng thdng thUe hanh Dd la: - Sinh vien chUa dUdc trang bi nhieu vl ki nang dU gid, soan bai, ghi chep Vi Ehe di du gid nhieu sinh vien chUa bilt phai ghi chep, tiep nhan nhfing gi - Sinh vien dfl gid qua ddng, cdn rait Erat EU, chUa tap trung - Thdi gian hgc van hda va lich dfl gid, quan sat trflng nen sinh vien chfla cd nhieu dieu kien chuin bi ki ve rapi mat cho vi8c dU gid; khdng cd du thdi gian dfl diy du cac gid day eua cac thiy/ed trUdng phd thong Ehflc hanh - Mdi quan he, sfl giao Ifiu gifla sinh vien vdi hpc sinh cdn chfia nhilu, kit qua cdn ban chl - Sinh vien chfla cd ki nang dfl 'cac boat ddng tap the (chao cd) nen cdn chUa bilt phai nam bat nhflng gi Erong gid chao cd, sinh hoaE Idp Tac phong, Eo chflc cdn cham 230 Ren luyin ndng luc nghi cho smh viin Dai hgc Suphgm qua hogt dpng chap, cac ki nang td chflc Erd chdi, giao lflu vdl hgc sinh chua dUdc thao Vi vSy d n nhieu nhflng ddt thfic tl nhu thi de sinh vien co them dieu kien ren luyen - Mdt sd sinh vien chUa y Ehfic dfldc tim quan trgng cua cdng tac Doan, Ddi nen da bd khdng du cac buoi ndi chuyen Khoa va Trudng phd thdng thUc hanh to chfic - Sinh vien edn thu dgng va chua bill each td chfic cac boat dpng tap the - Viec dfi gid chao cd, sinh boat Idp vln cdn mang tinh hinh thflc Sinh vien raudn thara gia thilt thUc hdn nfla - Sinh vien rat ddng nhUng Ehara gia khong diy du - Sinh vien chUa tap trung dU gid, quan saE, cdn ndi chuyen rieng - Sinh vien khdng cd nhilu thac mac de trao ddi them, - Mdt sd sinh vien cdn chUa yeu nghi, cdn hdng kiln thfic chuyen mon, tac phong sfl phara kem - Tinh nang dpng cua sinh vien sfl pham hiu nhu khdng cd - Cach td chflc chfla hdp li, Cdn qua ddng sinh vien cho mgt ddt thuc te, anh hUdng khdng nhflng cho chinh sinh vien ma cdn anh hfldng din chit Ifldng hpe tap cua hgc sinh - Quan li sinh vien chfla chat che, cdn tha nd'i sinh vien, - Sinh vien chfla that sU cd y thflc ren nghi hoc tap - Thdi gian tuin xuong trUdng phd thong dU gid, quan sat la qua it Sinh vien lai phai hgc chuyen radn tai trUdng SP nen ludn d tinh trang "qua tai', "chay so", Vi vay raa boat dpng ehua thuc sU hieu qua 2.2 Mot so dinh hitoing doi mdi each thiic to chiic thUc hien, quan If sinh vien hoat dong quan sat, duf %\h tai trUcfng thong thifc hanh De khac phyc han chl va phat huy nhfing Uu diera cua boat ddng quan sat, dfl gid tai ErUdng phd Ehdng thUc hanh, cac Khoa, to bd mdn Li Iuan va PP day hgc nen: - Cho sinh vien dang ki Ehdi diem hdp H de xudng ErUdng phd thdng thUc hanh quan sat, du gid Lam nhU vay se dat dUdc nhflng ldi Ich sau: + Tranh dfldc tinh Erang sinh vien cd lieh hgc d ErUdng trung vdi Eilt dU gid hoac bud'i ndi chuyen, giao lUu vdi trUdng phd thdng Tinh trang budc sinh vien phai ehpn mot Erong hai hoac bd hpc hoac bd gid thflc hanh Va Ehdng thudng sinh vien bd thUc hanh vi each kiem soat "thoai mai" hdn la bd hgc chinh khda + Giai quylt dfidc vln de sinh vien qua ddng vao ragt ldp dfl gid gSy rait trSt tfl, anh hfldng din hieu qua quan sat, du gid, anh hUdng den chat lUdng day va hoc - De thflc hien dfldc kl hoach nay, nen keo dai khoang thdi gian thflc hanh Khdng phai chi tuIn co dinh va cflng Ehdi diem EIE ca sinh vien phai xudng ErUdng thdng - Trfldc dua sinh vien xudng trUdng thdng thuc hanh, cac Khoa nen lap huln cho cac em each quan sat, ghi chep, each nhan xet, danh gia VI du, Erong Eilt dif gid 231 Truong Thi Bich day cua giao vien phd thdng, ngfldi dfl phai ghi chep dfldc tiln trinh bai day, he thdng cau hdi, lUu y each khai Ehac hoc sinh, each xfl li cae tinh hudng day hpc sinh, each danh gia, cho diera hgc sinh, each quan li ldp hpc,.,,) - Cac Khoa nen phan sinh vien eac nhdm nhd, cd nhdm trfidng phu trach Giang vien td PP nen cd mat cac tilt dfl gid, quan sat de vfia theo doi, quan U dUdc sinh vien vfia cd the nam dUdc tinh hinh chit lUdng Ult day, cung gdp f, thao luan vdi nhdm sinh vien chi nhfing dieu dUdc va chUa dfidc Cd nhfi vay, hieu qua tilt dU gid se dUdc tang len rat nhieu - Sau dpt thflc hanh, ngoai viec danh gia sinh vien bang viec cham cac ban thu hoach, cac Khoa nen tap trung khda sinh vien lai, phan tich nhfing mat dat dUdc va nhflng ban chl, de xult vdi Lanh dao Khoa cd chl khen thfldng cho nhflng sinh vien xult sac, tich cflc, ddng thdi cd bien phap ki luat vdi nhflng sinh vien khong hoan nhiera vu, gay anh hfldng khong tdt vdi nhdra sinh vien vl trUdng phd thong thuc hanh de quan sat, du gid - Cac bud'i du gid nen cd Ehly cd Erong Khoa thara du de quan li - Sau dU gid nen cd nhflng budi trao ddi tdng ket de rflt kinh nghiem Kit Iuan Co the khang dinh mdi quan he gan bd, khang kbit gifla cae Khoa/Trfldng sfl pham vdi trUdng thdng, dac biet la trfldng phd thdng thflc hanh qua Erinh dao tao giao vien Tao mdi trUdng EhUc hanh tdE de sinh vien cd cd hdi dfldc true tilp chfing kien, quan sat, trflc tilp trai nghiem cac boat dpng day hpc va giao due d trUdng phd thong la viec lam bet sflc can thiet cua cac trfldng sfl pham Ngfldc lai, trfldng phd thdng cung phai nhan thflc dfldc nhiera vu cua minh viec lara mau, hfldng dan cho sinh vien cac ki nang sU pham thiet yeu nhat day hpe va giao due, Nhflng bai hpc ve ki nang sU pham tfl thuc te cac boat dgng quan sat, dU gid Eai trUdng phd thong thifc hanh Ehdi gian tuin du la ngan ngui nhung chac chan se la nhfing bai hgc cd gia tri qua trinh hgc tap, ren Iuyen, tich lfly tri Ehflc, ki nang sU phara cua sinh vien cho sfi nghiep day hgc giao dye sau TAI LIEU THAM KHAO [1 ] Tran Ba Hoanh, 2006 Van de gido viin - nhiing nghien cdu If ludn vd thuc tien Nxb Dai hpc Su phara, [2] Trin Qudc Thanh, 2006, Ren luyen nghiep vu sU phgm thudng xuyen de ndng cao nghi eho sinh viin ede trudng sUphgm Ki ylu Hdi thao Khoa hgc 60 nara nganh sfi pham, TrUdng Dai hgc Su pham Ha Ndi [3] Cue Dao tao bdi dfldng - Bd Giao due va Dao tao, 1982 Ren luyin kindng nghiip vu sUphgm thudng xiiyin cho sinh vien edc trUilng Dgi hpe sUpham 232 Ren luyin ndng life nghi cho smh viin Dgi hgc Su phgm cpia hocU dgng , [4] Pham Vill VUdng (chu bien), 2005, Gicio due hc)c Nxb Dai hpc Qudc gia Ha Ndi [5] TrUdng Thi Bich Nghien cifu thifc hiin hogt dpng ren luyen nghiep vu sU phgm thudng xuyen tgi Trifdng Dgi hpc Suphgm Hd Npi De tai Khoa hgc va Cdng nghe d p trudng, MS: SPI 1-86, Training professional competences for students of educational university through observation at professional development schools For student teachers, going to the school for Eeaching practice is considered a stage of Ehe transfer from theory to practice and frora academic knowledge is taught at school to the fact Ehat the teacher will later Based on Ehe survey resulEs of 4th year sEudents at Hanoi National UniversiEy of Education in school year 2011-2012 during the process of teaching practice at Nguyen Tat Thanh high school for observing, practicing, this article has analyzed the current status of students' activities, noE only learned Ehe advanEages and disadvantages but also suggested some innovative orientations tor organizing, irapleraenting students' observation and practice in schools ... hgc sinh - Quan li sinh vien chfla chat che, cdn tha nd''i sinh vien, - Sinh vien chfla that sU cd y thflc ren nghi hoc tap - Thdi gian tuin xuong trUdng phd thong dU gid, quan sat la qua it Sinh. .. chuyen vdi sinh vien, - Phan cdng nhdm sinh vien dfi gid cu the vao cac Idp, - Quan ll sinh vien bang each diem danh Eai trUdng phd thdng thuc hanh, * Cdch thiic kiim tra, ddnh gid - Sau ddt quan sat,... ludn d tinh trang "qua tai'', "chay so", Vi vay raa boat dpng ehua thuc sU hieu qua 2.2 Mot so dinh hitoing doi mdi each thiic to chiic thUc hien, quan If sinh vien hoat dong quan sat, duf %\h