JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE Educational Sci , 2014, Vol 59, No, 6A, pp 41 53 This paper is available online at http //stdb hnue edu vn DAO TAO GIAO VIEN DAP U N G YEU CAU DOI M 6 I PHUONG PHAP DAY HOC[.]
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE Educational Sci., 2014, Vol 59, No, 6A, pp 41-53 This paper is available online at http://stdb.hnue.edu.vn DAO TAO GIAO VIEN DAP U N G YEU CAU DOI M I PHUONG PHAP DAY HOC TRUdNG P H THONG Pham Quang Huan Vien Nghien edu Suphgm Tnfdng Dgi hpe Supham Hd Ndi Tom tat Ti6n cd sd phan tfch ban chat phUdng phap day hoc (PPDH) ttuyen thing, nhiing yeu cau cO ban vl ddi mdi PPDH nha uydng phd thdng va phan tich Iam rd nhflng han che ndi bat qua ttinh EhUc hien PPDH cua ngifdi giao vien d trirdng phd thong hien nay, bai bdo de xuil mgt s6 dinh hUdng ddi mdi dao tao giao vi6n nham dap flng yeu ciu doi mdi PPDH d irUdng thong Nhflng dinh hudng bao glm: Nhan Chflc dung vl nghe day hgc va coi viec dao tao ki nang day hgc d trUdng su pham; ddi mdi chifdng trinh dao tao giao vien theo hu6ng coi tiong qua trinh hinh ren hiyen cac ki nang nghe nghiep; doi mdi nfli dung chUOng trinh dao cao giao vien theo hudng gan chat va dap ifng nhflng yeu ciu cua ddi mdi giao dye thong; doi mdi phifdng phap dao tao giao vien IrUdng sif pham, tao nen tang vflng vang vl PPDH cho ngUdi giao vien tUdng Iai; tang cifdng thifc hanh thUc tap sif pham, gan kit tnfdng su! pham va trUcing phd thdng dao tao nang life nghe nghiep cho giao vien Tii khda: PhUdng phap day hpc, trUdng phd thong, doi mdi, dao tao giao vien, trUdng su pham Mot dau Dd'i mdi PPDH d trfldng phd thdng la dfldng nang cao chat lUdng giao due toan dien nhara thflc hien rauc tieu giao due; dd cung la yeu cau thUdng trifc sfl chi dao cua nganh giao due sudt miy chyc nam qua Tuy nhien, hien trang giao dye phd thdng nhieu nam qua cho thiy, chit lUdng thUc hien doi mdi PPDH cdn nhilu bat cap, ylu kem Mgt nhflng nguyen nhan cd tinh quyet dinh la chat Iflpng thflc thi PPDH cua dpi ngu giao vien cdn nhieu ban che, chUa dap flng so vdi yeu ciu Mudn thuc Ehi dd'i mdi PPDH cd hieu qua, ddi hdi phai khong ngflng nang cao nang lUc day hgc cua ngUdi giao vien; ma nang lUc day hpc cua ngUdi giao vien trUdc het va tren het dupc hinh Ehanh va phat trien d qua Erinh dao tao trUdng sU pham Do vay, doi mdi phUdng phap dao tao giao Tac gia lien lac Pham Quang HuSn, dia chi e-mail: huankhgd@gmail,com Pham Quang Huan vien se lao tien de can ban, vflng chac cho ngUdi giao vien tUdng lai cd the dap flng yeu ciu cfla ddi mdi PPDH dttUdngphd thong Crong tiln trinh ddi mdi giao dye sap tdi Noi dung nghien cii'u 2.1 Doi mdi phifcfng phap day hoc cf trtfcfng thong 2.1.1 Phifdng phap day hoc Khoa hpc giao dye the gidi tfl nhilu thap nien trUdc day da de xuit mdt he thdng cac PPDH bao gdm bd ba nhdra phUdng phap: 1) Cac phUdng phap td chflc va thUc hien hoat ddng hoc Cap; 2) Cac phfldng phap kich thich va xay dUng dgng cd hgc tap; 3) Cac phUdng phap kil'm tra va danh gia keE qua hoc Eap [6] De xuit du'a tren cd sd quan mem qua trinh day hgc, xet vl mat dilu khien hpc, gdm ylu td: To chflc va thUc hien boat ddng hgc tap, kich Ehich cac hoaE ddng hgc Eap va kiem tra va danh gia ket qua nhan thflc Tfl xuit phat diem h luan day hgc ndi Eren, din tdi quan niem; "PhUdng phap day hgc la each thflc hoat dgng cfla giao vien viec chi dao, td chflc cac boat dpng hoc tap nhara giup hpc sinh chu dgng dat cac myc tieu day hpc" [2] Theo tiep can he Ehdng - ciu true, PPDH la radt Co cau true cua qua trinh day hpc cd mdi lien he hiiu cp, bien chflng vdi cac td khac nhfl muc tieu day hpc, chUdng trinh - ndi dung day hgc, phUdng tien va hinh Ehflc Eo chflc day hgc, kiera tra danh gia ket qua hoc tap cua ngUdi h g c , Theo Eiep can boat ddng, PPDH dUdc EhUc hien trUc ttep qua hoat dgng cua hai chfl the la ngUdi day (giao vien) va ngUdi hpc (hgc sinh) Chit lUdng ciia mdi td ndi tren anh hUdng trflc tiep cdi chil Ifldng thflc thi ddi mdi PPDH Trong dd, vai trd ngUdi day cd y nghia quyet dinh tdi chat Ifldng hpc tap cua ngUdi hpc 2.1.2 PhUdng phap day hoc truyen thong Ve cP ban, PPDH truyen Ehong hUdng trgng tam vao cac boat dpng truyin thu kiln Ehflc cua ngUdi thay Qua trinh day hgc d day la qua trinh thdng tin dupc chuyen tai tfl ngUdi day sang ngUdi hoc va phu thudc can ban vao tai nang sU pham cua nha sU phara; Thay thuyet trinh, diln giang, trd nghe, ghi theo, nghi theo Quan he sU pham gifla thay va trd la quan he trUc dien, ddn tuyln Cheo dUdng thing tif tren xudng, the hien tinh chat chi huy - phuc tung Thay la chu the, tam diem; trd la khach the, quy dao quay quanh Cac nha giao due hpc da thdng nhit cho rang, dd la He thdng ban phat kiln thflc Trong he thdng nay, kiln thflc dfldc the hien tai lieu hgc tap vdi tinh logic cao, tinh he Ehdng chaE che va Einh han iam rd net, rit thuan tien cho viec Eruyen giang, thuylt trinh rapt chieu ciia giao vien, day, nhflng hoat dpng song phUdng gifla Ehay va trd, vi thi cua trd rit thu dgng va md nhat, O Viet Nam, nhilu nguyen nhan, qua trinh ddi mdi PPDH tit ca cac bac hpc, cap hpc sudt hdn nhilu thap ki gin day diln mdt each Eri Ere, v6i nhflng bien chuyen cham chap Cd Che khai quat nhflng vin dl Cieu bieu sauVe CU cudng, quan niem "viec day hoc phai hfldng vao viec hpc va sU phai trien Duo tgo gido viin clcip ilng yeu cdu ddi mdi phildng phdp day hgc d IrUdng phd ihdng ngudi hpc" chfla dUdc nhan thflc nhit quan rgng rai ddi ngu giao vien; Van Edn tai phd biln ldi day "nhdi sg", thuylt giang Eruyen Ehu mgt chieu Trong loi day nay, vai Erd cua ngudi giao vien la so rapt, lan at vai trd cua hoc smh Do dd, hoc sinh rat thy ddng, y nai vao Ehay, vao sach, quan he sU pham gifla giao vien va hgc sinh cdn thieu than thien, rait dan chu, mang tinh ap dat, mgt chieu; Kha nang lUa chon va td chflc sfl dyng phot hpp hdp li cac PPDH cua giao vien cdn yeu, Trong qua trinh day hgc, ngUdi thay chua chu y to chflc cac boat dgng nhan thflc cho hpc sinh nham phat huy kha nang dgc lap, tich cUc va sang tao suy nghi PhUdng phap va hinh thflc day va hgc cdn ngheo nan, ddn dieu, hinh thflc; PhUdng tien thiet bi day hgc van cdn han che, bit cap: phUdng tien, thiet bi day hoc so vdi yeu cau cua ddi mdi PPDH van cdn thieu, cdn yeu ca ve sd lUdng va chat Ifldng; han che ldn nhat la kha nang, trinh dp khai thac, sfl dung cfla giao vien cdn nhieu bat cap; Thi cfl, kiem tra chUa dUpc dd'i mdi can ban: each thi cfl, kiem Era van Eheo hUdng ddi hdi ngUdi hpc the hien kha nang ghi nhd, hpc thupc, tao dieu kien cho ldi day va hpc "doc chep", thieu sang tao; Viec danh gia thi dua van nang tinh tich, coi trpng ket qua thi cfl cudi cung hdn la theo ddi va danh gia chat lUdng cua ca qua trinh day va hpc Hien nay, boi canh "doi mdi can ban va toan dien nen giao due" dfldc xac dinh la mot ba mfli dot pha cua chiln lUdc phaE Erien kinh Ee - xa hgi Ehi ddi mdi PPDH thUc sU trd mot yeu ciu bflc thilt Doi radi PPDH gdp phin thflc hien myc tieu hinh d hgc sinh nhflng phara chat va nang lUc mdi phu hdp vdi sU phat Crien cfla Chdi dai nhfl cinh chfl dong dgc lap, nang lflc hoc tap sudt ddi nang lflc thuc hanh giai quyet van de va nang lUc sang Cao ,, tfl do, tao cho ngUdi hoc mdt thfl nang life tdng hdp mdi, nang lflc thich nghi cao radt cudc song bien ddi khdng ngflng 2.1.3 Xu the ddi mdi phifdng phap day hgc hien Xu Ehi ddi mdi PPDH tren Che gidi hang chyc nam la hudng vao ngUdi hoc va phat trie'n viec hgc, Trong khuyin cao cua UNESCO nam 1971 ve PPDH da tifng nhin manh: "Trai vdi thong le cd truyen, viec giang day thich nghi vdi ngUdi hgc, chfl khdng phai la budc ngfldi hgc tuan theo cac quy dinh da dat san cfl ErUdc Crong viec day hgc", Hdi nghi APEID nam 1990 ban vl giao dye cung lUu y; "Cac phUdng phap day hoc phai dac trpng tam d ngfldi hpc" [3] Dd'i mdi PPDH, suy cho cung la thay dd'i each thflc hoat ddng day va hoc cua giao vien va hgc sinh nham dUa nhflng boat ddng iy sang rapt trang thai mdi cd chat lupng va hieu qua hdn, d dd ngUdi hgc dUdc nghi nhieu hdn, lara nhilu hdn, Ehao luan nhilu hdn, vdi trang thai thoai mai, hflng thu hdn, radi quan he than thien, dan chu hdn de thflc hien Eot nhit nhflng muc Eieu dao tao Dinh hudng cua dd'i mdi PPDH da dfldc xac dinh rd Luat giao due "phat huy tinh tich cue, tU giac, chu ddng, sang tao cua hpc sinh, phfl hpp vdi tflng ldp hpc, radn hgc; bdi dfldng phUPng phap tu hpc ren luyen ki nang van dung kiln Ehflc vao ChUc Cien, tac ddng vao tinh cara, dera lai nilra vui, hflng thfl hpc Cap cho hoc sinh" [4] Cdc ldi cua viec ddi mdl PPDH la day hpc thdng qua to chflc cac hoat ddng hgc tap cua hgc sinh nham Pham Quang Huan giflp hoc sinh Cham gia hgc tap rapt each chii ddng, tich cflc, chdng l p kieu hpc tap thu ddng vdn la mgt thdi quen co hUu Trong kieu day hgc theo hUdng ddi mdi phfldng phap tfl hgc dfldc chu Crpng ren luyen, cac raoi quan he tUdng Cac gifla Chay va crd, gifla trd va trd dfldc tang cUdng, hoat ddng danh gia cua giao vien dUpc kit hdp chat che ydi ho^iC dpng EU danh gia cua hpc sinh Giao vien la ngUdi neu cinh hudng, ki'ch Ehich hflng thu gdi suy nghi va phan xfl cac y kiln doi lap cua hpc sinh, Cfl do, he thdng hoa van de, rut kit luan, hinh bai hpe va khac sau nhflng tri thflc cin nara vi?ng, Vai trd cua ngUdi thay gid day la trpng Eai, cd van, dilu khien Eien trinh gid day Eheo logic cua cac boat dong song phUdng ke Eiep gifla thay va trd Theo dd, ddi radi PPDH theo dinh hfldng dat trpng tSra vao viec hgc va phat trien ngudi hgc ching nhflng khdng thip vai trd cua ngUdi thay ma cdn dat ngUdi thay vi tri cao hdn, vdi vai trd radi cung nhflng yeu ciu, ddi hdi cao hdn Cac quan diera giao due hien dai deu thing nhit d viec nhin nhan sfl menh ngfldi giao vien gid day khac trfldc: Ngfldi thay chang nhflng la "chuyen gia vl viec hgc" de hd Crd tu vin giflp cho ngudi hgc hpc tap dUdc tdt hPn ma cdn la "nha giao due" hieu ro ddi tugng tac ddng cua minh de cd nhflng tac dgng vfla cd ttnh khoa hgc, vfla cd tinh nghe thuat nhara ldi cudn hgc trd hflng khdi hpc va cd phUdng phap hgc Cap hieu qua He chdng nhiem vy cua ngUdi thay cung trd nen da dang va phflc Cap hdn trUdc De thUc Men dupc vai trd, sfl menh va hoan dUdc nhflng nhiera vu cua rainh, gid day, ddi hdi Crinh ngUdi thay cao hdn, can dUdc dao tao cac nang lflc nghe nghiep tdt hdn Vdi nhflng dac diera nhu vay, cin khang dinh rang, dilu kien can ban cd tinh tien quylt de trien khai va thUc hien cong chUdng trinh ddi mdi can ban va toan dien giao due phd thdng (Erong dd cd dd'i mdi PPDH) la dgi ngu nha giao cd chil lUdng Jonh CiemenE - nha giao due hoc ngUdi My, chuyen gia tu van doi radi giao due Erung hgc d Viet Nam - cflng da tflng ndi sfl cong cua cac cuoc cai each giao dye deu phy thugc viio y chl va nang lUc thay doi ciia dot ngu giao vien [4] Cach ngdn An Dd ciing tflng cd nhflng due kit sau sac: Giao due radt ngudi dan dng tdt se dfldc radt ngudi chdng; giao due rapt ngudi dan ba tdt se dfldc radt gia dinh; giao dye radt ngfldi thay tdt se dfldc ca mot thi he Mgt dpi ngu giao vien cd chit Iflpng se la dieu kien va ddng lflc de trien khai ddi mdl PPDH cdng, tfl dd, tao yeu td cd y nghia quyet dinh nang cao chat lupng giao dye, giflp cho the he tre cd nhflng to chat va nang lUc cin thiet de dap flng nhflng yeu ciu cua sU phat trien dit nUdc thdi ki cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda va hdi nhap qudc tl NhUng de cd dgi ngu giao vien cd chit lUdng tdt cd du kha nang Ehuc hien hieu qua ddi mdi PPDH d cac cip hgc, bac hoc, can coi trpng dau tU cho dao tao va bdi dUdng giao vien Do vay, viec quan tam dung mflc va dam bao sU ddng bd, nhit quan gifla trien khai ddi mdi d trfldng phd thdng va dd'i radi dao tao giao vien trUdng sU pham la mpt nhflng vin de then chdt de dam bao qua trinh ddi mdi giao due sap tdi cd chit lUdng va hieu qua Ddo tgo gido viin ddp ilng yeu cdu ddi mdi phuong phdp dgy Iwc d trudng phd thdng 2.2 2.2.1 Doi mdi dao tao giao vien cac trtfofng sir pham nham dap iing yeu can doi mdi PPDH b trufoing thong Tinh hinh dao tao giao vien cac trU((ng sir ph^m Cung vdi su phat trien giao due each mang gan thap ki qua, cac trUdng sfl pham da ldn manh khong ngflng, trd mpE he thdng va dat nhilu tUu, la ndi dao tao nguon nhan lflc thUc hiSn nhiem vu chinh tti cua nganh giao dye, da cung flng lUc lUdng lao ddng sU phara chuyen nghiep du vl sd lUdng, trinh dd va can ddi din vl cd ciu Tuy nhien, khdng Ehe khdng nhin thiy mdt thuc trang la, chit Ifldng dao tao nghi nghiep d ErUdng sU pham cdn nhilu ban che, bit cap so vdi yeu ciu dd'i mdi va phat trien giao dye Dieu da dflpc the hien cac kit qua nghien cflu vl khoa hgc giao due nhilu nam qua Tai de Eai khoa hpc ddc lap cip Nha nUdc "NghiSn cflu dl xuit cac giai phap cai each cong tac dao tao giao vien phd thdng" ba Nguyin Thi Binh - nguyen Phd Chu tich nUdc, Chu Eich Quy Hda binh va phat trien VieE Nam - lara chu nhiem da cung cac cdng su da tiln hanh danh gia thUc trang dao tao giao vien phd thdng d Viet Nam, ben canh viec khang dinh nhflng mat manh, cung neu khai quat diem ylu ciia boat ddng dao tao giao vien: Giao vien tap sU va sinh vien nara cudi cd kiln thflc chuyen radn vflng, nhUng nang luc nghiep vu sU phara cdn yeu, chUa dap flng dupc nhung yeu ciu cua thUc tten cdng tac giang day, yeu cau cua Chuan nghe nghiep giao vien, cung nhU cac vai trd mdi ma giao vien phai dara nhiem [1] Mdt nhflng nguyen nhan chinh cua tinh hinh la chUdng trinh dad lad van chua cd sfl quan tam thda dang den khdi kiln thflc ve nghiep vu sU pham; them nfla, chinh cac giang vien trUdng sU pham chfla cd nhflng thay ddi tich cflc lam gfldng cho sinh vien viec thoat khdi moE miu hinh giao vien so vdi yeu ciu phat trien giao due da trd nen ldi thdi, Dao tao ki nang su pham ndi rieng, nghiep vy sU pham ndi chung cdn nhieu bit cap vl ca ve chUdng trinh, ndi dung dao Eao, quy trinh dao tao, dpi ngfl giang vien, cdng tac danh gia va cd sd vat chit ki thuat phuc vu dao tao Them nfla, nhflng cong trinh nghien cflu ve khoa hgc sU pham, ve ki nang day hgc cdn rit khiem tdn va chua EUPng xflng vdi vi tri cua trfldng dao tao nghe dac biet: "nghe day hpc" Qua dieu tra thflc Eien tai trudng DHSP dai dien raien Bac - Trung - Nam, vdi nhieu phUdng phap ttep can nhieu ddi tfldng: gan 1000 sinh vien nam thfl tU, giang vien mdn phUdng phap day hpc bp mon cua cac khoa va giao vien hUdng dan cua hang chuc ttUdng phd thdng ndi cd sinh vien ve thflc tap, nghien cflu da danh gia ve chat lUpng sinh vien sfl pham qua hoat ddngthuc tap, thflc hanh sfl pham vdi nhflng Uu diera noi bat nhU kien Ehfl'c chuyen mdn vu'ng vang, tU each dao dflc lot, phong each chflng chac, tfl tin, Ben canh dd la nhilu mat chua dat (phara vi bai viet chi neu nhflng bieu hien thupc vl ki nang sU pham the hien nang lUc giang day cua sinh vien); (i) lung tung soan giao an; (ii) phan phoi thdi lUdng bai day chUa hdp H; (iii) PPDH chu ylu vin la thuyet trinh, (iv) Ki nang trinh bay bang cdn non ylu; (v) KI nang diln dat tren ldp kem, thilu CU tin, khdng linh hoat xfl li cac tinh hudng sfl pham tren ldp; (vi) Ki nang dat cau hdi hUdng din 45 Pham Quang Huan hgc sinh hoc tap kera; (vii) Ki nang td chflc boat ddng day hgc tich cflc ylu Ngoai sinh vien cdn ylu ve ki nang sfl dung cdng nghe Ehdng tin vao giang day, hgc tap; ki nang van dyng kiln thflc viio thflc tl trfldng phd thdng; ki nang nghien cflu khoa hoc sfl pham flng dyng; nang lflc ngoai ngfl.,.[l] Nhflng kit luan cua nghien cflu ndi tren trung hdp va nhat quan vdi cac kit qua khao cflu vl chit lUPng thuc tap sfl phara cua sinh vien nam thfl tfl DHSP tap the can bd Vien Nghien cflu Su pham, TrUdng DHSP Ha N6i da tiln hanh tfl nam 2008 din 2011 va ket qua khao sat Chang 6/2009 ciaa Trung tara Khao thi va Dam bao chit lUdng ciia TrUdng DHSP Ha Ndi vdi 100% sinh vien tdt nghiep DHSP Ha Npi * Viec ddo tgo ndng hic nghi nghiep qua hogt dpng thdc tap sUphgm nhieu hgn che Trong chUdng trinh dao tao giao vien, kiln tap sU pham va thuc tap sU pham (TTSP) tai trfldng phd Chong la Ihanh phin cd vi Cri hit sflc quan trgng, bdi day la hoaE dgng rit cd y nghia nhara dUa sinh vien ttlp can, hdi nhap va Crai nghiera radi CrUdng thUc Ce cua nha trudng phd thdng, qua dd, sinh vien cung co nhflng kiln thflc, kT nang da hgc va bo sung cho minh nhflng kiln thflc, kT nang, kinh nghiera mdi cd tinh thflc tien, Tuy nhien vi thi cua TTSP that khiera tdn chUdng trinh dao tao giao vien Dat ciu trflc chUdng trinh dao tao giao vien trUdng DHSP, thdi lUdng cua hpc phin TTSP chiem ti le nhd (tren 4,5%), cy the: DHSP Ha Ngi 4.61%, DHSP Hul 4,48%, DH Can Thd 5% Thdng thudng cac trfldng sfl pham td chflc cho sinh vien di Ehflc tap theo ddt vao nam cudi, vdi thdi Ifldng khoang tuin, Cach thflc to chflc thuc tap su pham d mdi trUdng radi khac Cd trUdng sfl phara td chflc doan va cfl can bp cua trfldng di kera de chi dao quan li; cd trUdng iiy thac cho sinh vien CU chgn, lien he va EU quan li viec chUc tap cua ca nhan d trUdng phd Chong Cheo radt khung ke hoach chung, Mgt sd cd sd dao tao giao vien dat yeu ciu cho sinh vien nhiera vu ttm hieu ve hoc sinh, giao vien va trUdng phd thdng ndi Ehflc cap; radt sd thi khdng Ngay quan niem cfla moi CrUdng viec chuan bi cho sinh vien vl thUc tap d CrUdng phd thdng cung mdi ndi mdi khac TrUdng DHSP Hue daE thuc tap sU pham vao khdi cac hoc phan chung cflng cac mon tam li hoc, giao dye hpc, cdn hgc phin ren luyen nghiep vu sU pham thUdng xuyen thudc khdi kiln thflc giao due chuyen nghiep TrUdng DHSP Ha Npi dat thflc Eap sU pham ChanhrapChgc phin ddc lap va dfla cam li hpc, giao dye hgc vao khdi kiln Chflc chung [1] Sd bg phan anh nhfl thi de Chiy sU Chieu Chdng nhit Crong quan niem vl hoc phin thUc Cap sU pham va cac hpc phan cd Uen quan den nghiep vy sU pham nhu tSm li hgc giao due hgc va phUdng phap day hoc bd mdn gifla cac cd sd dao tao giao vien Thim nfla, d cac khoa cd ban nhfl Coan, van, li, hda thi hgc phin tam li hpc giao due hoc dfldc thflc hien d nam thfl nhat hoac nam thfl hai, thflc tap sfl pham d nam cudi khda; dieu da tao quang each kha xa gifla li Ehuylt va Ehflc hanh Cudi cung, tit ca cac dpt TTSP deu dien cung mpt thdi diera cho moi nam hpc (dau hpc ki - thing va thang hang nam), din den ttnh Erang sinh vien cfl tap trung chuan bi radt sd bai day khoang thdi gian nhic dinh Cheo kl hoach day hoc d trUdng phd thdng, din din tinh 46 Ddo tgo gido viin clcip ilng yiu cdu ddi mdi phifOng phdp day hoc d trUdng phd thong trang quy bai day se lap lai, thilu da dang, tham chi tao tSm li "tu" bai day cho sinh vien dpt TTSP * Npi dung vdphUdngphdp ddo tao trddng supham chua ddp dng yeu cdu doi mdi gido due thdng LSu van tdn tai mdt nhan xet "sU pham di sau phd thdng" - la mdt nghich Ii; tilc rang nghich Ii iy cd phin dflng, the hien kha ro net phUdng phap dao tao Ca npi dung va phfldng phap dao tao cd khoang each dang ke so vdi thflc te giao due phd Chdng Ve npi dung ddo tgo rape danh gia da dfldc Chfla nhan la ca khu vUc dao Cao khoa hpc cd ban cflng nhfl khu vflc dao tao khoa hgc giao due, ndi dung dao tao chua gan bd chat che vdi ndi dung chUdng trinh giao dye phd thdng; ndi dung dao tao cdn nang vl kien thflc ban lara, kiln thflc lien quan tdi chUdng trinh giad due phd Ehdng chua cd ti le thich dang Nhflng cinh hudng giao dye da dang va sinh ddng, nhflng xu Che thay dd'i giao dye phd' thdng chUa dUdc cap nhat vao chUdng trinh dao tao sU pham Do vay, tham gia true tilp vao hoat dong kiln tap, thUc Cap sU phara d ErUdng phd Chdng, sinh vien cdn nhieu Iflng tung, bd ngd vi "lan diu tien" dupc Eiep can vdi hien thUc dd Ve phiCdng phdp diio tcio: Mdt chuyen gia giao dye nudc ngoai da danh gia: "dao tao giao vien, d hau nhu khap mpi ndi la mpt nhflng bd phan tri tre nhit cua cac he thdng giao dye" [5], Tfl Einh Ehan cua danh gia tren soi vao thUc tien dao tao sU pham, cd the thay "sU tri tre nhit" cua he thdng cac cd sd dao tao giao vien bdc Id rd Irong viec sfl dung phUPng phap day hpc cua giang vien Crudng sU pham d ca nhflng mdn khoa hoc cd ban va cac mdn khoa hgc, nghiep vy sfl pham He thdng cac PPDH d phan ldn cac trfldng sfl pham hien ve can ban van thudc he phUdng phap "liy giang vien lara Crung tara", he phfldng phap dd phan anh phfldng Chflc dao Cao nang ve thdng bao kien thflc, cdn viec td chflc boat dgng hgc, Chflc tap, chflc hanh cho ngudi hpc chua dupc chfl Crong KeC qua nghien cflu ve PPDH d mdt s6 khoa / trfldng sfl pham da chi ro: Cac giang vien Ehupc cac mdn chuyen nganh sfl dyng chu yeu, thfldng xuyen (vdi tan xuat sfl dyng 57,8%) phUdng phap thuyet trinh ttdng qua Erinh len ldp; tilp den la phUdng phap thao Iuan ngi dung bai hgc theo nhflng cau hdi gdi rad Efl giang vien (56,8), Cac phudng phap il dfldc siJ dyng la "td chflc cho sinh vien hgc theo cac phUdng phap tich cUc nhu hgc Eheo dU an, lam viec nhdm., (10,8%), td chflc cho sinh vien hgc qua thflc tl (22,8%), td chflc cho sinh vien hgc qua sfl dung Ehiet bi (33,2%), td chflc hgc qua thi nghiem, thUc hanh (35%) Cac phUdng phap day hgc ttch cUc, kich Ehich sinh vien ttra tdi, giai quyet nhflng vin de cd linh lich hdp, ddi hoi Einh doc lap, chii dgng cao d ngfldi hoc rit hiem sinh vien dUdc Ciep can Neu tong thuc te Eflng cd nhieu y kien cho rang, dai hpc la "phd thdng cip 4" thi diem xuit phat chinh cua loai y kiln la tfl vin dl phUdng phap dao tao [1], Nhiing cfl lieu nhu vay giup nhin nhan rapt each cd cd sd ve Cinh hinh ban che, baC cap Crong sfl dung cac PPDH hieu qua cua giang vien d CrUdng sU phara Dieu ngUdc lai vdi nhan thflc thdng thudng cho rang trUdng sfl phara can va phai la ndi tilp can vdi nhflng tri Chflc mdi ve khoa hpc cd ban va khoa hgc nghiep vu, la ndi hinh Chanh va ren 47 Pham Quang Huan luyen nhflng ki nang day hpc tich cUc, de lfl dd lam tiln de vflng chac sinh vien Erd ngUdi giao vien vl tham gia vao boat dpng day hpc va giao due d trUdng phd thdng, Viec dao tao sinh vien ve PPDH cac trUdng sU pham cung cd dilu bat cSp, Thdi lUdng danh chd dad tao cac raon nghiep vu khong nhieu; ngi dung dao tao lai chii ylu mang tinh Ii thuylt, han lam din din tinh Erang sinh vien chu yeu dUdc hoc vl phUdng dien li luan nin, cdn maE ki thuat cua PPDH thi mdi chi dflng lai d raflc li thuylt (cd the Ii EhuyeE cung chi dUPc gidi thieu qua) Them nfla, dilu kien thflc hanh, thuc tap ki EhuaE day hgc de hinh ki nang qua trinh dao tao cflng cdn nhieu ban che Do vay, rdi Erfldng su pham vl EhUc tap sfl phara d trfldng phd thdng, co sat thfldng xuyen, hang vdi thflc tiln, sinh vien trd nen ngd ngang, lung Eung vi sU non ylu cua minh Chit lupng sinh vien la chit lUdng san pham dao Cao sU pham He thdng cac ki nang nghi nghiep dUdc hinh Ehanh d sinh vien sU pham la Eiln dl dam bao sU tham gia cd chit Ifldng Edc hay khdng Cot cua hg vao cac boat ddng day hpc va giao due hgc sinh trd ngUdi giao vien thUc thu Chat lUdng dao tao kT nang nghe nghiep ciia trfldng sfl phara nhfl hien (ma ki nang day hpc la cong cu hanh nghe cd ban nhic) se cd anh hfldng CrUc Cilp tdi chat lupng thuc hien dd'i radi PPDH d CrUdng phd thdng, Tmh hinh thuc tten Cren day da phin nao chi rang, sU chuyen dgng theo hUdng nang cao chit lupng dao tao nghiep vu sU pham cac ttUdng dao tao nghi day hpc da diln rit chara chap nhU ldi cua Moreno (2005) "cd the la sU bao thfl cd hflu cua he thdng giao due thi he thdng cac ttUdng sU phara la bao thu nhit" [5]; cung la mdt thdng diep canh bao sU cin thiet phai doi mdi chit lUdng dao tao giao vien cac trfldng sfl pham 2.2.2 Mgt so dinh hifdng doi m6\ dao tao giao vien, dap iing yeu cau doi m6i phUdng phap day hoc d trifdng thong i Nhgn thiic diing ve nghe dgy hpc vd coi trpng viec ddo tgo kT ndng day hoc triidng sii phgm Tif nam 1966, ILO/UNESCO, Ban khuyen nghi ve vi thi giao vien da chinh thflc khang dinh Eren pham vi qudc te rang day hgc la mgt nghe, Dinh hUdng chuyen nghiep hda tfl dd dfldc hinh va khang dinh cflng bfldc Nara 1998, UNESCO nhan dinh: Cho den nay, neu cd ihe ndi ve mgt sU ddng thuan qudc tl nao dd ddi vdi mdt chu dc phflc tap la day hpc, xet nhflng khac biet vl bdi canh qudc gia va van hda, thi dd la quan mera day hgc phai dUpc coi la mgt nghe Viet Nara, tfl thap nien 60 ciia thi ki trfldc, Thu tUdng Pham Van Ddng cung da tflng khang dinh nghe day hgc la nghi sang tao bSc nhit nhflng nghe sang Cao Khi day hoc dUdc khang dinh la mgt nghe, va giao vien la nha chuyen nghiep Cron" Ehflc hanh nghi nghiep cua rainh cd nghTa khang dinh hg la ngUdi cd kha nang si^ dun" kien Chflc chuyen mon - nghiep vy vflng vang va kinh nghiera thUc tl phong phu de cd each Chflc xfl li Cin cay, phu hdp va hieu qua trUdc nhflng tinh hudng khac (vl ngUdi hoc, ve bdi canh) vi ldi ich cua ngUdi hgc va dao dflc nghi nghiep Diio tgo gido viin ddp dng yiu cdu ddi mdi phuong phdp day hgc d trudng phd thdng Nhan thflc tren da dupc the hien Chi thi 40 ciia Bd Chinh tri vl xay dflng dpi ngu nha giao va can bd quan li giao due (2004) Theo dd, raot ttong cac yeu cau dd'i radi ngi dung, chUdng trinh, phfldng phap dao tao giao vien la tang cfldng viec giao due nghi nghiep, tang thdi gian thUc hanh ChUc Cap sU phara tai cac trUdng phd thong; cap nhat cac ki nang sU pham, kT nang sfl dung cong nghe thdng tin ttong boat ddng day va hgc; tiep can vdi trinh dp tien tiln cua khu vUc va the gidi Dang tiec la, hien nay, quan diem day hgc la mdt nghe chua phai da trd rapt nhan thflc nhit quan Tmh trang coi Crpng cac bo mon khoa hgc cd ban va xera nhe cac bp mdn khoa hgc giao dye day vl nghiep vy sU phara (dac thu cua nghi day hgc) vin cdn tdn tai cac cP sd dao tao giao vien Chinh vi thi, viec xay dUng nen tang tri thflc cua nghe day hpc, viec ren luyen de hinh va phat Erien cac kl nang Ehflc hanh nghi day hpc chfla thflc sfl dfldc coi trpng dung tim, Gdp phan giai quyet ttnh trang bit cap Eren, trUdc hit, can cd sU nhat quan nhan thflc, tU cua cac cip lanh dao, quan li din ngUdi hoc theo logic tuyen tinh tif Bg tdi trUdng => khoa => to bp mon => giang vien => sinh vien nhara tao sU ddng thuan Erong quan niem- TrUdng sU pham la ndi dad tao nhflng nha nha chuyen nghiep vl day hpc va giao due chfl khdng phai chi la ndi dao tao nhflng chuyen gia ve mdC bd mdn khoa hgc, ii Doi mdi chUang trinh dao tgo gido vien theo hifdng coi trpng qud trinh hinh thdnh ren luyen cdc ki ndng nghe nghiep Mpt Id cic trfldng sU pham cin ddi mdi viec xay dflng he thing muc tieu dao tao cua trUdng, khoa, cua cac bo mdn va cua cac boat dgng cau chUdng trinh dao tao mgt each cy the, tUdng thich vdi rayc tieu dao tao theo hudng Cang cudng nang lUc, gan vdl chui'n diu va chuan nghe nghiep giao vien raa Bp GD-DT da ban hanh He thdng rayc Cieu cua chUdng Crinh dao tao giao vien cin the hien su can ddi gifla he thdng kien thflc Ehupc bd radn khoa hpc cd ban va he thong ki nang nghe nghiep nhfl ki nang day hoc, ki nang giao due, kT nang quan li Trong viec hinh d ngudi giao vien tUdng lai ki nang day hoc can chfl trpng ca nhflng kT nang day hpc cd ban chung cho cac radn hpc va nhflng kT nang day hgc tich cue, hieu qua phu hdp dac diem cac bd radn; chfl trgng ca binh dien: li thuyet vl phUdng phap day hgc, cac mo hinh phUdng phap day hgc va thao tac ki thuat hen hanh cac hoat dgng day hoc theo dinh hUdng dd'i mdi Su can ddi Eren da bao ham sU Uu tien cho muc tieu dao tao nhflng nang Iflc nghi thilt ylu de rdi ErUdng su phara, sinh vien cd the thara gia cd hieu qua vao cac boat dpng d trUdng thdng, nhat la hoat dpng ddi mdi PPDH, Hai Id, can coi trpng ngi dung dao Eao ve khoa hgc giao due va viec hinh he thdng ki nang nghe nghiep Dieu cd nghTa, chUdng trinh dao tao giao vien cin cd sU dich chuyen trgng tam vao ndi dung dao Eao vl khoa hgc giao dye, ve nghiep vu su phara -nen Cang ciia nghe day hgc - theo hudng gia tang rd ret cinh ChUc tten cua chUdng trinh dao tao: giam li thuyet ban lam, gia tang boat dpng thflc hanh ren luyen nghiep vy sfl phara Ehfldng xuyen d trfldng sU pham va hoat ddng kiln tap, thflc tap tai thflc te nha trfldng phd 49 Pham Quang HuSn thdng; thflc day qua trinh tu dao tao Eren cd sd td chflc boat dgng tu hoc, tU nghien cflu va ren luyen nghiep vu sU pham thUdng xuyen cua sinh vien De thUc hien sU dich chuyen ttpng tara nay, cin quan tam thUc sU va thda dang tdi cac bd mdn nin Eang ciia khoa hpc giao dye nhu tara Ii hgc, h luan day hgc, li luan giao due, phUdng phap day hpc bg mdn Dac biet, can sdm khac phuc tinh ttang coi nhe cac bo mdn trang bi kiln thflc khoa hgc sU pham va qua trinh ren ki nang nghe nghiep iii Doi mdi noi dung chUdng trinh ddo tao theo hUdng gdn chat hdn niia vd ddp dng tot hdn nhUng yeu cdu cua ddi mdi gido due thong Dao Eao sU phara gan chat vdi giao dye phd thdng cin coi la mdt dinh hfldng cd tinh nguyen tac bdi le, san phara dao tao ciia trUdng sU pham la nhflng giao vien CUdng lai dUdc trang bi cd ban va he thdng ve pham chit va nang lUc sU pham (nang lUc day hgc, nang lUc giao dye, nang lUc nghien cflu khoa hgc su phara) dap flng yeu ciu thUc hiSn chflc nang, nhiem vy cua radt giao vien trUdng phd thdng Khac phuc tinh ttang day phfldng phap day hpc cho sinh vien nhflng han Ifim, nang ve li thuylt, chu ylu la cung cip kiln thflc, hieu bilt ve phUdng phap ma xem nhe viec day kl thuaE thflc hien phUdng phap, viec dao Eao nang lflc day hgc can danh Ei trpng ngi dung, thdi gian thda dang cho van de hudng dan va td chflc thuc hanh cac ki thuat day hgc, De cd nang lUc day hgc tot, sinh vien can dUdc cung cap nhflng hieu biet can ban, cu the va dupc thUc tap, thUc hanh cac kT thuat thilt ke ke hoach len ldp, kT thu^t xac dinh rayc Eieu day hgc, ki Ehuat xfl H, chgn Ifla ngi dung va phUdng phap day hpc, kl thuat td chflc cac hoat ddng hpc tap cua hgc sinh theo logic cua npi dung khoa hgc va logic sU pham, ki thuat td chflc quan li ldp hoc hieu qua, kT thuat khich le, dgng vien hgc sinh tham gia bai hgc tren ldp kT thuat tao dUng radi trUdng hgc tap than Ehien, tich cUc, ki thu^t kilra tra, danh gia kit qua hgc tSp cfla ngUdl hoc, ki thuat sfl dyng phfldng tien day hpc hieu qua Mudn cd kT nang day hgc tdt de Chara gia tt'ch cUc vao Ciln tinh dd'i mdi PPDH d trfldng phd thdng, cdn d trfldng su pham, sinh vien cin dfldc trang bi (ca vl li thuylt lin thflc hanh) he thing ki Ehuat day hpc, dac biet la cac ki thuaE day hpc hieu qua Erong tinh trang ldp hgc ddng ngUdi hgc nham phaE huy tinh tich cUc, Efl giac, cflng tham gia cua hpc smb De sdra khac phuc tinh trang sinh vien xudng trfldng de TTSP vin thiy xa la, bd ngd vdi chUdng trinh giao due phd thdng va xu the dd'i radi giao due, ndi dung dao tao nang luc nghe nghiep ErUdng sU phara khdng the tach rdi raa cin gan chat vdi ngi dung giao due phd thdng Giao due phd thong cin va phai la to cau trflc Erong he "dau vao" cua dao tao su phara Viec trang bi cho sinh vien vdn hieu biet sau sic ciu true chUdng trinh va logic npi dung day hpc, phan tich dac diem cac bai hgc sach giao khoa hien hanh d phd thong la vin dk cin dupc coi bdn ndi dung cac hoc phin dao tao PPDH bd radn iv Ddi mdi mgnh me phiidng phdp ddo tgo gido vien trUdng sii pham, tgo nen tdng vUng vdng ve phUOng phdp dgy hpc cho ngUbi gido vien tiidng lai Truck- hit cin thiet thay dd'i ve triet II va quan niem dao tao giao vien He thdng cac PPDH phan anh triet li "liy giang vien lam trung tam" cac trUdng sU phara hign 50 Ddo luo gido viin ddp ilng yiu cdu ddi mdi phtlOng phdp dgy hgc d trudng phd thong' phan anh phUdng thflc dao tao nang ve thong bao kien thflc, can dfldc chuyen ddi he Ehdng cac PPDH tap trung vao phat tnen viec hpc, phat huy tinh tich cue chu dpng va sang tao cua ngfldi hpc Eren cd sd tang cudng hoat ddng thUc tap, thUc hanh nhara hinh nang lUc hanh ddng, nang lUc thUc tiln sinh vien Thic hai la tang cudng cac phUdng phap day hpc tich cue, kich thich sinh vien Eira tdi, giai quyet nhflng van de cd tinh tich hdp, ddi hdi Einh ddc lap, chu ddng cao d ngUdi hgc Nhflng phudng phap, hinh Ehflc to' chflc day hpc nhu day hpc ttnh hudng, day hpc theo du an, day hgc giai quylt vin de, day hpc theo nhdra, day hoc theo gdc rit phu hdp vdi trinh dp, Ifla tudi sinh vien, giup hp nang cao chit lUdng tfl hoc, tU giai quyeE nhflng vin de dat Efl cupc song, nghe nghiep va phat trien ki nang sdng, kT nang hdp tac Nhflng kT thuat day hgc nhfl Ddng nao (Brain Storming), ki thuaE sfl dyng Sd dd EU (Mind Map), kT thuat "be ca" neu dUdc thfldng xuyen dUa vao thuc hien qua trinh dao tao se huin luyen sinh vien kl nang thUc hanh Cot Idi cua doi mdi PPDH d trUdng sfl pham (cung nhu d trfldng phd thdng) la "DAY II - HOC NHlfiU" (teach less - learn more) [7]; lara Chl nao de giang vien giara tdi da vai trd "dgc giang", gia tang din vai trd ngfldi td chflc, hfldng din, cd van, trpng tai cho qua Erinh hgc tap cua sinh vien Cung theo do, sinh vien ddng vai trd "nhan vat chinh" cua qua trinh day hpc vdi sU chu ddng, tich cue, sang Cao, Neu thudng xuyen tiep can vdi cac PPDH, kT thuat day hpc hien dai tfl nhflng ngUdi thay sfl pham, roi thfldng xuyen dupc ihuc hanh, ren luyen, chac chan sinh vien sU pham se dupc Erang bi nhUng nang lUc hanh ddng va sdm Eao lap ban ITnh sau tham gia tich ciic vao tien trinh doi radi PPDH d trUdng phd thong cac boat dgng Thfl ba, viec Ehay doi vai Erd ngUdi Ehay ndi tten ddi hdi giang vien sU phara can Chudng xuyen hgc lap, nghien cflu, cai tien de cd kha nang sfl dung cac PPDH cd tinh hieu qua nhac Moi giang vien sfl pham can tang cudng kha nang tiep can va lam chu nhflng dudng, phUdng phap, ki ChuaC, phUdng tien day hgc hien dai boat dgng giang day cua minh; ddng thdi, can va phai la ngfldi thay sU phara raau raUc, la tam gUdng ve tich cUc ddi mdi PPDH cho sinh vien noi theo TrUdng sU pham ludn dUdc coi la ndi tiep can vdi tinh hoa giao due the gidi, vdi anh sang vl tri Ehflc khoa hoc cd ban va khoa hgc giao dye, de tfl dd khdi ngudn cho nhflng sang tao, ddi mdi vl sfl dyng phfldng phap, kT thuaE day hgc Cien Cien sinh vien trd Ehanh ngUdi giao vien vl tham gia vao hoat ddng day hgc va giao due d trUdng phd thong V Tdng cifdng thiic tap sii phgm thddng xuyen vd gan kit giua trudng sUphgm va trudng thong ddo tgo ndng liic nghe nghiep cho gido vien TrUdng sU pham la trUdng day nghe sU pham, nen dd phai la ndi hinh va ren luyen nhflng kT nang thflc hien cac boat dgng day hpc, boat dgng giao due hieu qua Mudn cd kT nang phai nam chac kl thual va tich cue ren luyen thUc hanh Thflc tap sfl pham d trUdng phd thdng la cd hdi gan ket giua hgc vdi hanh, li thuyet vdi ChUc hanh, li luan vdi Ehflc tiln Crong qua trinh dao tao giao vien Nhd hoat ddng Ehflc tap sU phara, sinh vien dUdc tap dfldt, "ddng vai" ngUdi giao vien chinh tai "thu'c dia" la trfldng thdng, trflc tiep tham gia cac boat ddng quan li, giao due hgc sinh va hoat ddng giang day dUdi 51 Pham Quang Huan su hfldng din cua nhflng giao vien lau nara, cd kinh nghigra d trUdng phd thdng Thong qua dd, sinh vien dupc van dung nhflng kien thflc da hoc vao thuc tl va y thflc va tinh cam nghi nghiep se dUdc hinh rapt each vflng chac Su lien kit gifl trUdng sU pham va ErUdng phd Ehdng la radt ddi hdi thilt yeu the hien radi quan he cd tinh quy luat gifla mdE ben la ndi dao tao, cung flng san pham, cdn mgt ben la ndi sfl dung, dat hang cho dao tao thdng qua nhflng nhu ciu Sfl dyng khong chi la muc tieu hUdng tdi ddi vdi dao tao, raa cdn la ddng lUc chii ylu nang cao chit Ifldng dao tao, la ngudn Iflc de cd npi dung, phfldng phap dao tao chit Ifldng va hieu qua Lau sU gan kit thudng xuyen nhat gifla sU phara va phd' Ehong the hien qua hoaE ddng TTSP NhUng nhU tren da Erinh bay sU gan klE ay cdn nhieu khoang trdng cin bu dap, nhit la ttong vin dl thflc day dd'i mdi PPDH d trfldng phd thdng VI Tdng cUdng ddu tU xay dting he dieu kien phuc vu dao tgo nghiep vu sii phgm cho sink vien Mot Id phat trien he Ehdng cd sd hgc lieu cua Eflng bg mdn, tflng khoa, nham dap flng nhu ciu ttm hieu, nghien cflu cua sinh vien De dao tao nang lUc sU phara cd hieu qua, rit cin dfla sinh vien vao nhflng tinh huong Chflc tl hoac tinh hudng gia dinh, tren cd sd dd, sinh vien dupc quan saE, Erai nghiera, phan tich, rut kmh nghiera Day hpc theo tinh hudng sfl pham, day hpc vi rad la nhflng hinh thflc rit cd gia tri dao tao giao vien Do vay, ben canh nhflng tai lieu hpc Cap truyen thong, can Cang cfldng he Chdng cac bang ghi hinh gid day Cren ldp, cac boat dpng ngoai khda, cac boat dpng giao due de viec hgc nghe trd nen hieu qua hdn Hai Id tang cUdng diu tfl cd sd vat chit, phdng hgc' phdng doc, phdng thi nghiem, phdng ren luyen boat ddng nghiep vu su phara thudng xuyen cung nhu he thdng cac thilt bi kT thuat ho trd qua trinh thUc hanh ren luyen nghiep vu sU phara Cudi cflng, vin de can dUdc quan tam giai quyet la ngudn lUc tai chinh Cac cd sd dao tao giao vien cin danh ngudn kinh phi Chda dang cho hoaC dgng dao tao nang luc nghi va coi day la chien lUdc Uu tien ke hoach ngan sach thudng nien cua nha trUdng Ket luan Dd'i radi PPDH d ttfldng phd thdng la yeu ciu bflc thiet nham thflc hien nhflng myc tieu cua ddi radi can ban va loan dien giao due thdng, Nang cao chit Ifldng thflc hien ddi mdi PPDH se gdp phin quan trpng khac phuc nhflng ylu kem, bit cap cfla hien trang giao diic phd thdng hien nay, Tuy nhien, mudn thflc thi doi mdi PPDH cd hieu qua, ben canh viec dao tao lai va bdi dudng thudng xuyen dpi ngu giao vien dUdng nhiera thi ddi mdi raanh rae phUdng phap dao tao giao vien theo tinh thin "dd'i mdi su pham phai di trUdc rapt bfldc" nhara nang cao chit lupng dao tao sfl phara la giai phap vfla cd tinh chiln Ifldc cho rauc tieu xay dflng dpi ngfl nha giao cho cfldng Iai, vfla dap flng kip thdi nhflng yeu ciu cua tien trinh ddi mdi can ban, loan dien giao dye phd Ehong sau nam 2015 sap Edi Ddo tgo gido vien ddp ifng yiu cdu ddi mdi phifOng phdp dgy hpc d trUdng phd thdng TAI LIEU THAM KHAO [1] Dinh Quang Bao, 2011 Bdo cdo thitc trgng ddo tgo gido vien phd thong d Viet Nam Quy Hda binh va Phat trien VieE Nam Ha Npi, 7/2011 [2] Bp giao due va dao tao, 2002 Mpt sd vdn di vi ddi mdi phuang phdp day hpc d tnfdng trung hpc ca sd Nxb Giao dye, 2002, [3] R.Roysingh, 1995 Nin gido due cho thi ki hai muoi mot - nhung vdn di eua Chdu A-Thcii Binh Duong UNESCO Vien Khoa hpc Giao due Ha Ngi-1995 [4] Lugt Gido due, 2005 - Dieu 24.2 [5] Phara Dd Nhat Tien, 2011 Xdy dioig nin tdng tri ihde nghi nghiep ddo tgo gido vien d Viet Nam Ki ylu Hgi thao "Khoa hoc sU pham Erong chiln lUdc phaE Erien ddi ngii giao vien, yeu td can ban ddi mdi giao due Viet Nam", Trfldng Dai hgc Su phara Ha Ndi, thang 12/2011 [6] Thai Duy Tuyen, 1996 Li ludn clay hpe Vien Khoa hpc giao dye, 1996, [7] Bd GD-DT & Hpc vien Giao dye Singapore, 2009 Chuang trinh bdi dudng hieu trudng trUdng phd Ihong VietNam Nxb Giao dye, 8/2009, ABSTRACT Training teachers how to make use of new teaching methodologies Analyzing the nature of Ehe tradittonal teaching methods, it was seen that there is a fundaraental need for presenting new teaching methodologies in general schools along wiEh the need to clarify teachers' limitations in their ability to use various teaching methods This arttcle stresses the need for teacher training that makes use of new teaching mcEhodologies This requires a redefinition of what it is that teachers should be doing in their profession and stressing Ehe importance of learning teaching skills while undergoing teacher ttaining Changes must be raade in the teacher-training prograra and curriculum that will result in the acquisitton of professional Eeaching skills The teacher-Eraining program and curriculum raust reflect the teaching realities in schools with improved teacher educaEion methods thaE will serve as a firm basis for new teaching methods used by future teachers lE is recommended that there be increased practicum and a closer link between teacher-ttaining institutions and schools