Đang tải... (xem toàn văn)
DifeN DAN POI MCtl CAN BAN TOAN DIEN CIAO DUC PHAM CHAT NGHE NGHIEP VA DINH HlTllNG DAO TAO GIAO VIEN DAP IfNG YEO CAil DOI Mfli GIAO OOC PHO THDNG Doi mcfi giao due (GD) g in lien voi doi mcii dao ta[.]
DifeN DAN POI MCtl CAN BAN TOAN DIEN CIAO DUC PHAM CHAT NGHE NGHIEP VA DINH HlTllNG DAO TAO GIAO VIEN DAP IfNG YEO CAil DOI Mfli GIAO OOC PHO THDNG GS D TS D I N H Q U A N G B A O ' oi mcfi giao due (GD) g i n lien voi doi mcii dao tao (OT) doi ngu giao vien (GV) c6 moi quan he nhan - qua Nhan tinh tat yeu cija moi quan he mcfi hi vpng tim giai phap bao dam cong cua bat ki mot sudoi moi GD nao Chiing ta can nh?n xu hudng doi mdi giao dLicphoth6ng(GDPT)bdivid6la don dat hang cho nha supham -nha giao Con ngudi ma nha trudng thong tao thdi dai la nhan each phat then toan dien cho suhdi nhap vao xa hpi (XH) tren binh dien tinh than, tri tue, dao due, the chat hudng tdi mpt XH cong b i n g , nhan ai, hai hda moi quan he giiJa ngudi vdi mdi tn/dng tunhien v a X H Suphat trien cua tri tht/c khoa hpc va eong nghe doi hoi ngudi XH tri thu'c phal co nang li/c tu bd'sung, doi mdi su hieu biet va kT nang hanh dpng St/ phat trien mot the gidi phang, phu thupc lan ddi hoi mdi ngudi eo tinh nang dpng, sang tao ca nhan, dong thdi co y tht/c va kT nang hpp tac de cijng ton tai, cung ehung song, Cong nghe thong tin (CNTT) va truyen thdng bung no tao phuong tiengiao tiep mdi, md rpng ca hpi, kha n5ng hpc tap; moi ngudi cd the hpc dudi nhieu hinh thdc theo kha nang va dieu kien phtj hpp; day hpc (DH) nhatn/dng khdng la nguon thdng tin nhat, ehu yeu dem den cho mdi ngudi Trong boi canh do, GD nha tn/dng v l n ddng vai trd quyet dmh, nhuTig khong chi truyen thtJ kien thue ma can hinh a hpc sinh (HS) nang lue tu hpc, ti/phat trien, tu thich ting mpt each ben viing Vai trd cua GD nha tn/dng la lam cho the he tre tiep thu tri thite cd mye dich cd chpn Ipc, cd he thd'ng Trong boi canh khoa hpc kTthuat cdng nghe lam cho KTXH bien doi nhanh chdng keo theo la si/ chuyen djeh gia tri thi GV khdng chi truyen dat tri thuc ma cdn phai phat trien cam xtjc, thai dp, hanh vi, nang luc lam chu va biet ung dung tri thu'c dd St/ mang dd lacuaGV cd nhung thay dd'i theo hudng dam nhiem nhieu chtic nang hon, trach nhiem lua chpn not dung GD nang ne hon, phai ehuyen tt/ each truyen thu tri thuc sang each to' cht/c HS hoat dpng chiem ITnh tri thdc, coi trpng DH phan hda canhan, biet stJdung toi da nhung nguon tri thuc da dang xa hpi, phai biet st) dt/ng CNTT.phuong tien kTthuat DH, phai tt/hpcdekhong ngung nang eao trinh dp chuyen mdn nghiep VLI; yeu cau hpp tae lam viec vdi dong nghiep chat che hon, kT nang lam viec nhdm, kT nang giao tiep, dng xi) cac quan he XH vdi cha me HS, HS va cac td'chdc XH;yeu cau GV tham gia hoatdpng rpng rai va ngoai nha trudng Hdi nghi Paris ve GD dai hpc neu tdm t i t yeu cau vdi mdt "Nha giao mdf phal lain chij dupc mdi trudng CNTT va truyen thdng mdl, d6ng thdi phai chuan bive mat tam li cho mdt Sl/thay doi co ban vaitrdcija hp Oac diem lao ddng su pham (LOSP) cua GV cd nhi/ng thay dd'i theo xu hudng doi mdi GDPT, Ihay dd'i vai trd cija ngudi G Vda neu tren, Oac diem quan trpng nhat cua LDSP la sud't qua trinh lao dpng ludn ludn cd sutuong tac giua ngudi vdi nguoi: Thay - trd, trd - trd, thay - thay, cdng dong nha tn/dng -cdng dong XH Od'i tupng tac dpng cua GV la HS - mdt thuc the tam li, la the he tre dang Idn len cting vdi nhan each cua hp Nhu vay ddi tupng tac ddng cua GV la phuc tap, da dang nghe su pham lai ddi hoi phai tao san pham GD la nhan each ngucri vdi cac tieu ehi pham chait ehung theo miic tieu GD de MLIC tieu LOSP la OT the he tre luc lupng lao ddng tiep nd'i st/ phat trien XH theo md hinh nhan each ma XH yeu cau dti/ng thdi ki phattrien Ndi each khac, san pham LOSP la nhQng nhan each theo mo hinh maXHddihoioGD nhatrudng Nhan each la he thd'ng nang luc tinh than va the chait cua ngUdi Yeu toquan trpng bae nhat cau tnJc nhan each la tri tue the hien d trinh dp tu duy, trinh dp hpc vain, Tt> xu hudng co ban neu tren cija st/ doi mdi GDPT UNESCO cho ring vai trd c i j a G V t h e k i XXI * TnrOBEfiai hoc u p b a m Ha Not Tap chi Gido dye so 307 -(kil-4/2013) nang luc giai quyet nhung van de li thuyet hay thuc tien mdt each sang tao Ooi tuong tac ddng eua G V la ngudi, nen cung ed kha nang phan anh, tt/thu nhan thdng tin va xuli thdng tin theo cac each khac Nhu vay, pham chat nhan each cua GV cung la nguon thdng tin tac ddng len nhan each HS Khi dd cdng cu chu yeu ctJa LOSP la nhan each cua GV B i n g chinh pham chat nhan each cua minh, GV tac ddng tich cue den su hinh nhan each HS Tdm lai, LOSP dd'i tuong lao ddng la ngudi, cdng CLI chtJ yeu la ngudi, san pham cOng la ngudi, Tri thuc khoa hpc cua loai ngudi ludn ludn bien doi vechaitva luong Ngudi ta tinh rang nhirng nam thude thap kl 70 cua the ki tn/dc tri thdc nhan loai tang gap ddi theo chu ki den 10 nam, nhung ehu kl dd chi cdn khoang nam Oieu lam sinh mau thuan la kien thdc day cho HS dtn/dng phd'thdng vt/a khdng du, vua nhanh chdng lac hau va cd the tuong lai HS khdng dtJng duoc niia Mau thuin ddchi duocgiaiquyetkhitrong LOSP cua minh GV khdng cdn ddng vai trd chi la ngudi tnjyen dat tri thuc ma phai la ngudi to chtic, chi dao, gpi md, trpng tai cho cac hoat dpng hpc tap tim tdi, giup HS tu lue chiem finh kien thdc mdi Dong thdi, G V phai tu phat trien, tu boi dudng, tu OT de bd sung, cap nhat tri thtic G V phai hpcsudtdcrimdihanh nghe GD dupc, KetquaLDSPcuaGV cung het sdc dae bieL Neu nhudcac bai lao ddng khae, ket thuc quatrinh lao dpng thu dupc san pham ngay, thi san pham qua trinh lao dpng cua GV khd danh gia bdi vi hieu qua lao dpng cua GV phat trien va ben vung nhan each eon ngudi, Oieu dd tat yeu ddi hdi G V phai ed trinh dp tinh thdng nghe nghiep de viia ed tae ddng tn/c tiep hieu qua, vt/a du bao, djnh hudng phat trien nti^n each HS tuong lai, dd yeu td tao dupc quan he giua DT ban dau va OT, boi dudng lien tuc sud't ddi la vd ciJng quan De lao dupc quan he dd thi OT ban dau dcae tn/cmg supham phat tao dupc nang luc tac nghiep tn/dc mit, vtia tao dupc tiem nang phat trien nghe nghiep sud't ddi cua GV Cac nhdm nang tuc s u pham c a ban cua GV can dUpc OT vaboi dUOTigphat trien, bao gom: 1) Nhom nang luc vepham chat dao due bao gom: the gidi quan la to nen tang, dmh hudng thai d p , hanh vi ling xt) cua GV tn/dc nhiing van de CLJa tu nhien, XH va tht/c tien nghe nghiep; Idng yeu tre la pham ehat dao ddc dae tn/ng nhan each eija ngudi GV, Bi quyet cdng ctJa nhung GV xua't s i c b i t nguon tti day, Ngucri GV phai biet ling xu binh d i n g , dan chu, tdn trpng nhan each etja HS, biet hpp tac vdi HS quatrinh giao due, day hoc, biet tao dung khdng dan chu idp hoc; Idng yeu nghe, cam kettrach nhiem vdi nghe Ba pham chat tren nhu la to cua dao diic nghe nghiep cua G V G V phai la mpt cdng dan guong mau, ed y thdc trach nhiem XH, hang hai tham gia phat trien cdng dong, lam tam guong sang cho HS 2) Nhdm nang lire DH va GD bao gom: nang tuc tim hieu,chan doan nhu cau dd'i tuong DH, giao dtJc; nang luc th let keke hoach DH,GD; nang luc to chtic thi/c hien ke hoach DH,GD; nang It/e giam sat, danh gia ket qua hoat ddng DH,GD cua HS; nang luc giai quyet nhung van de sinh thuc tiln DH, GD nang li/c DH tich hcT3, day phan hoa, DH vi suphattrien ben vQngtt/nhien -xahoi.Tren c o s d cac nhdm nang IL/C CP ban dd cac trudng su pham can phai xac dinh nhung yeu cau, tieu chi cu the can dat duoc muc tieu OT Od duoc xem la ehuan dau ractja quatrinhOT, l a s u c i j thehda muc tieu OT eua nha trudng Tdm lai, vdi chtic nang mdi, GV tn/dc het phai la nha giao due, cd pham chat nhan each tdt dep de GD HS b i n g nhan each cua niinh; cd nang luc GD bieu hi^n d nang luc tim hie'u dd'i tuong va mdi tn/dng giao due, nSng luc to'chtic cac hoat ddng giao due; cd nang h/c DH bieu hien d vipc n i m vung kien thi/e kT nang mdn hpc, n i m vdng phuong phap DH, DH phan hda, DH tich hpp cac khoa hpe; cd nang luc sudung C NTT DH;cd nang !t/ctt/phat trien nghe nghiep b i n g tuhpc,ti;nghlenctiu;cdnang It/c phat hien.glaiquyet van de GD b i n g nghien ciiu khoa hoc Bd chinh la nhiing finh vue caiu pham chait nghe nghiep ciJa GV nha t n / m g phd' thdng hien dai Chat lupng tting G V dupc quyet dinh bdi nhieu yeu to, Chat lupng dpi ngu GV dupc quyet dmh bdi chat lupng tiing GV va ehat lupng dpi ngu hay chat lucffig tap the supham mdi trudng hpc Mdi GV chiu trach nhiem mdt cdng doan xae djnh qua trinh hinh nhan each HS, dd can su phd'i hpp dong bd mdi tao nen ehat lupng GD cua nha trudng Dpi ngu G V neu dupc to' chiic chat che vdi c^c hoat dpngphuhppseladieu kien denang caovaphathuy ehait lupng cua mdiGV; va chat lupng mdlGV tao nen chait lupng cua ca dpi ngu Kien toan tap thesupham mdi nha trudng phai dupc quan tam nhu la mot nhung giai phap dot pha phat trien chat lupng dpi ngu G V Kinh nghiem cac nude cho ehung ta bai hpedd Tap chi Gido due so 307 | (kil-4/2013)- nhat cua qua trinh OT dOHSP la khong g i n huu co vdi thuc tien giao dtJC, DH d phd'thdng, Tiep can doi mdi OTGV la hudng tdi khic phuc ton tai dd Cung phai tha'y ring tich hpp finh vuc dd da thuc hien tot hon cac co sdOTGV mam non va tieu hpc giang vien phij trach mdn hpc thuc hien cac trudng CDSP, DHSP suphan hda sau ve chuyen mdn da tting din tdi hinh hai dpi ngu giang vien chuyen phtJ trach tdng ITnh vi/c dd Ngay cac tnidng su pham can dd'i mdi ehuong trinh OT vdi cac giai phap tich hop sau finh vuc dd Tiep can tich hpp ciing lam sinh van de lua chpn md hinti OTGV phd'thdng OT dong thdi hay tiep ndi ^nh vuc ndi dung dd thi thuan ten hon cho DT tich hop 4) DTGV bdi canh tac nghiep a trudng thong Phuong thuc OTGV tai ttiuc dia theo each ndi tnJ dang duoc van dung hieu qua dcae nude phat trien va mdt so kinh nghiem d Viet Nam, Lien kit su pham - phd' thdng mdt each toan dien dang la khau yeu nhait quy trinh dao tao, sd dtJng, BT ban dau va OT lien tuc, Thuc hien phuong cham thdng landidung, la muctieu,laphuong phap DTGV phai trd tnet li doi mdiOTG V Vdi phuong cham dd tn/dng phd' thdng phai dupc sd dung tri?t de mpi hoat ddng OT: li thuyet, thuc hanh, thi/c tap, kien tap, phat trien hoc thuat, nghien cdu khoa hpe 5) DTGV cd nen tri thdc rgng Nen tri thi^c rdng duoc duoc hieu la vdn tri thdc dai cuong ve van hda, X H , cdng tac XH, ben canh tri thdc khoa hpc CP ban, khoa hpc su pham, Tri thdc rpng la pham eha't can cd cija cdng dSn boi canh toan cau hda, bdi canh kinh te tri thdc Od'i vdi GV, vdl tu each la nha GD thi tri thuc rdng la yeu to quan trong nang luc nghe nghiep, Nhuvay, vdi GV, tri thuc rpng ta ndi dung GD HS, la nang lire day hpc, GD Khi ndi khia canh npi dung GD thi GV phai biet r i n g mpt kien thdc khoa hpc 3) Tich hgp BT chuyen mon vaBT nghiep vu chi dupc hieu sau s i c , cht cd gia tri td nhan stf pham OT chuyen mdn va DT nghiep vu la ITnh thdc, gia trj van dung tinh hud'ng ti thuyet va thuc tien kien thiic dd la ket qua cua sutieh hc^ vt/e eo ban chuang trinh OT dtrudng DHSP Thudng thivefi'le khoi lupng chuong trinhOTGV, tri thuc lien mdn, lien nganh, Khi de cap khia canh npi dung OT chuyen mdn (khoa hpc co ban) chiem nang lue GD thi dd la mpt tiep can, mpt phuong phap to' chuc hoat dpng hpc cua HS Ngay DH khoang 60% ndi dung nghiep vu khoang 25% Nang ft/c nghe nghiep G Via tri thdc tich hpp ITnh tich hpp cac khoa hoc dang la xu hudng GDPT vuc tri thiic dd Sutieh hpp lam khuyech dai gia tri OT hien dai vi tich hop viia la ban chat cua tri tht/c cua moi ITnh vuc do, va duong nhien khuyech dai nang khoa hpc, vua la phuong phap hoae nhan thdc ^ li/c nghe nghiep giao vien Tuy nhien tht/c tiin DT d 6) Gin DT vdi st/ dung GV G i n DT ydi si) cac DHSP da khong tich hpp hieu qua ITnh vuc ndi dung dpi ngii GV can dupc hieu theo mpt tiep can dung lam cho hieu suat OT khdng dupc khalthac dtJng muc ThtJc trang dd da d i n tdi khiem khuyet Idn (Xem tiep ^ng 44) 4.Treneosddinh hudng doi mdl GDPT,cac nang luc nghe nghiep can cd cua G V nha trudng thdng hien dai.cdtheneu mpt sddjnh hudng DTGV nhusau: 1) Gan OTban dau va OTHen tuc xem OT ban dau dOHSP va boi dudng G V la giai doan ctia mdt qua trinh lien tuc, bien viec nang cao trinh dp GV la qua trinh thudng xuyen, suot ddi hoat dpng nghe nghiep ciia hp Trong giai doan dd, OT ban dau la CO sd, dat nen mdng virng chic, ben vung cho giai doan boi dudng tai ehuc Mud'n vay OHSP phai hinh dupcphamehattuhpe Hpc giaidoan tac nghiep phai bing tuhpc bao gom quatrinh phat hien, nhan biet nhimg dieu minh can eho nghe nghiep va tiep dd la tim dupc phuong phap hpc thich hop 2} DTG V trd nha giao due Oa la G V thi phal la nha GD Nguyen li dd ehua dupe quan tnet OTva thucte tac nghiep ctia nhieu GV Cd nhieu nguyen nhan, dd cd nguyen nhan tu khiem khuyet cua qua trinh OT ban dau va he tieu chi danh gia chait lucfng tac nghiep cua GV, chat luong GD thdng.Thuc trang qua danh gia chuong trinh OT, danh gia GV theo chuan nang luc nghe nghiep cho thaiy coi nhe nSng luc to chiic cac hoat ddng G D HS T i i lau viec OT GV, danh gia hoat dpng nghe nghiep GV v i n chii yeu tap tmng vao viec trang bi kien thdc, kT nang day hpc, Trong bdi canh XH phat trien nhanh, muc tieu GDPT can hudng vao hpc de biet, hpc delam, hpc de tdn tai, cung ehung sdng th! nhatrudng can quan tam day du hon mat GD HS DH van la hoat ddng CO ban nha trudng Theo doGV phal ednang luc cd'va'n, tuvan, hudng nghiep, GD kTnang sdng Nhu vay viecOT phai hudng tdi tao nang It/c G V viia la ngudi day hoc, vtia la nha giao duo, vda la ngudi tae nghiep, vda la nha nghien ciiu giao due Phai ket hpp huu co viec OT kien thtic, kT n§ng vdi OT nhan each ngudi G V Tap chi Gido due so 307 -(kil-4/2013) cao Nhu vay, van dung LTNTLH vao thiet ke DH thuc hanh kifriuatcdthegiup nang cao chait lupng va hieuquaOH.a (I) OECD School Science Laboratories: Today's Trends and Guidelines, PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building, 1999/3 OECD Publishing, pp 11-13 (.2) John Botiomley and Jocelyn Calvert Evaluation of the Impact of Flexible Teaching And Learning on Academic Staff at the University of Tasmania, Final Repori: 2005 (3) T h e University Of Q u e e n s l a n d Academic guidelines for flexible learning at the University of Queensland: 2002 www.uq.edu.au/ (4) Natalie Brown "Planning for Flexible Approaches in Tertiary Courses" Australian Association for Research in Education: 2006 (5) Rand J S p i r o C o g n i t i v e F l e x i b i l i t y Constructivism and Hypertext http:// phoenix.see.fct unl.pt/simposip/Rand Spiro.htm: 2007 (6) Ana Amelia Carvalho and AntCinio Moreira "Crisscrossing Cognitive Flexibility Theory based research in Portugal: an overview" Interactive Educational l^ultimedia Number 11 {October 2005); pp 1-26 (7) NguySn VSn KhOi L i lu^n dsiy hpc cdng nghe p h i n ki t h u a t cdng nghiep a (rung h o c co' sd NXB DaihgcsuphgmlGi^Q irinh CDSP), H 2007 Tai liflu tham khao Nguygn Minh Ducmg M6 dun ki niSng h i n h ngh^: phutmg phap tiep can, hutrng dSn bifin soan va lip dun^.UXB Khoa hgc kithu^l.H 1993 BCii van Quan "Thitft k€ nOi dung hpc tjp theo li thuyet nhan thiic linh hoat" Tap chi Khoa hgc gido due so' (10/2005): tr 29-33 Le Thj Quynh Trang "M^t sd ki nSng thie'l kg bSi day theo li ihuye'l nhfln thiic linh hogl" Tgp chi Khoa hgc - Cdng nghi s6'51(3), 2009; tr 113-118 Bill Van Hdng - Nguy£n Thj LirOng "X9y di/ng chircrng trinh bdi duOng giSo vifin COng nghf Irung hgc phd thOng phdn c5ng nghiep theo tie'p c^n linh hoat" Ki y^u hOi thao Ndng cao ndng luc ddo Igo gido viin ki thu^t tgi cdc trudng khoa su phgm ki thudt ddp dng nhu cdu xd h0i Truong Dgi hpc su pham HIi Npi 11/2010; tr 27-32 SUMMARY Teachers design teaching activities in the direction of flexibility, including flexibUity of contents, flexibility of leaching methods and forms, flexibliity of experimentation and assessment Students can choose leammg activities in accordance with their learning needs for achieving the highest learning outcomes Pham chat nghe nghiep va Tai li^u t h a m khao Tr&n BA Hohnh Doi moi phinmg ph^p d^y h9C, chinmg trinh va sdch gido khoa NXB Dgi hgc su phgm, H 2006 mdi, dd la sddyng khdng ehi la mye tieu cija DT ma Trdn BA Hoknh V^n de gido viSn - Nhihig nghifin cdn la ddng luc chu yeu cua chait lupng DT, la ndi ciJru li ludn va thuc tien NXB Dgi hgc suphgm, 2006 dung, phuong phap DT Vai trd tac dpng trd lai ve Ken Bain P h ^ m eha't c u a nhiing nh^ gido uu tu nhieu phuong dien cua sudyng dd'i vdlqua trinh DT (NguySn VSn Nhat djeh) NXB Vdn hda Sdi Gdn, 2008 lau khdng duoc nhan thdc day du gia tri "Su dyng" td tn/dc den chi mdl nhan thue nhu la SUMMARY myc dich cua viec DT theo mpt chieu tdOT de'n si) (Tiep theo trang 6) Education innovation requires Innovation training dyng va dd la nguyen nhan cua viec chi trich nang ne ve yeu kem cua co sd DT tim nguyen nhan and retraining of teachers Education today aims to develop in students the additional free capacity, selfyeu kem m|t no cua dpi ngu GV Vdl each t u renewal understanding and action skills, self-adapt mpt ehieu nhuvay da lam mat dl kha nang tim in a sustainable manner In the context of science, kiem khai thac thdng tin phan hoi tu" sd dung de'n technology the socio-economic changes quickly The chait lupng OT Khdng khai thac thdng tin phan hoi requirements of educaUon labor and pedagogy of teachers not only impart knowledge, but to develop dd se khdng giai quyet tdt quan he huu co giua DT feelings, attitudes, behavior, capacity to use that ban dau va DT sudt ddi eua GV; khdng rang bude knowledge To qualiffed teachers, teacher training nghiem tuc trach nhiem lan giua co sd DT vdi must be organized in the direction associated with CO sd su dyng G V Tiem nang khai thac, tao dpng initial irainuig and retraining to continue Integrated professional capacity in all elements of the training luc phan hdl Sudung - Dao tao la rat Idn, tham chi program with practical methods associated with quyet dinh chait lupng dpi ngu GV • broad-based common knowledge 44 Tap chi Gido due so 307 -(kil-4/2013)