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§j| THirCTIJN-KINH NGHIEM MOT VAI NET VE THUC TRANG PHAM CHAT NGHE NGHIEP NHA BAO V I I T NAM HIEN NAY THEO QUAN DIEM H CHI MINH * ThS NGUYEN THUY VAN ANH Nghien ciru sinh Hoc vien Bdo chi va Tuyen truyen Tdm tat: Sinh thdi, Chu tich Ho Chi Minh Mc biet nhdnmanh viec ren luyen phdm chdt nghe nghiep cita ngiidi ldm bao Qudn triet tii tiidng cua NgUdi, hdn 90 ndm qua, ddi ngU nhdngngiidi lam bdo cdch mang VietNam da khdngngiingren luyen, cd dUdcphdm chdtngh nghiep tot, xUng ddng Id nhiing chien si tren mat trdn vdn hda, tU tUdng, cd "tdm sdng, ld biit sac" Ben canh nhiing Uu diem, ddi ngii nha bdo hien cdng hoc Id khdng it nhttn han che, yeu kem vephdm chdt nghe n^iep Do vay, cdn co sii khdo sdt mat cdch todn dien de nhin nhdn, ddnh gid dting thiic trang vdn dendy, tUdd dexudt gidi phdp khac phuc • Tii khda: phdm chdt nghe nghiep nhd bdo Viet Nam H Chi Minh la nha bao each mang vi nha bdo cac co quan bao chi trung uong dai, da sang lap nen bao chi each mang Viet Nam Nguoi da de lai nhflng di san vo gia eho nen bao chi each mang nircrc ta, c6 nhung quan diem co ban ve pham chat nghe nghiep nha bao Trong cae pham chat nghe nghiep cua nha bao, HS Chi Ivlinh dac biet nhan manh ve pham chat: (i) ehinh tn, tu tuong; (ii) dao due, loi song; (iii) ehuyen mon, nghiep vu va Qi thuc van hoa, von song xa hoi \l phSm chat chinh tri, tir tiroTig cua nha bao Niim 2018, chung toi tien hanh khao sat, xin y kien hon 400 nhii hao va phong viin sau giin 20 LYLUAN CHlNH TRj-So 6/2019 va dia phuang, voi eae dong bao chi dugc lua chon eo tinh dai dien, eiing nhu xin y kign cac can bp lanh dao, quan ly cua eac co quan trung uongvS'vandSphSmehatnghenghiepnhabao hien theo quan dilm Hd Chi Minh Qua khao sat bang phieu hoi va phong van sau, chung toi nhan thay, phan lon nha bao Viet Nam deu nhan thiie ro ve pham chat chi'nh tri cSn co So dong ho deu co ban linh chinh tti vimg vang, kien dinh, trung voi Dangi khong ngung phan dau vl loi ich ciiadatnuocva nhan dan Ho luon luon giu vimg duo^ pj^j^ chft dao diic each mang, co loi song lanh manh, sang, khong loi dung nghg nghiep devulgi _ii va lamttdiphap luat Cac nhd bdo dupc khao sat deu dd trai qua cdc khda ddo tao chinh tri bai ban Ngoai ra, qua phdng van, chung tdi cung thay nhdn thiic chinh tri ciia sd ddng nhd bdo tdt khdng chi yeu edu cua cdng viec ma edn cac nha bdo da dupe ttang bi nhung kiln thire CO ban vl chu nghia Mdc - Leiun, tu tudng Hd Chi Minhttongqua trinh bpe tap tai trudng dai hpe, cao ddng Vdi nhung nha bao cd trinh dp cao hon (thac si, tien si), hp cdn duoc hpc nhimg khda chuyen sau vl ly ludn chinh tri Van d l edn ban dat d ddy Id miic dp ehuyin tu nban tbiic sang thdi dp va hanh vi thuc tiin VI thai dp, cung gidng nhu nhdn thiic, phan lon thai dp chinh tri cua nha bdo diu d mue tdt va rat tdt Chiing tdi da tiln hanh kiem dmh T Test dl tim su khde biet gida nhdm nba bdo nam va nha bao nir vdi bieu hien" Toi khdng so bi tra thu len tiing hao velepbaf Kit qua kiim dinh cho thay, ttong kiim dinh phuang sai tdng the (Lenene), sig - 0,041 < 0,05, chiing td cd sukhac giua cdc nhdm nha bdo nam vd nhd bao nir ddi vdi thdi dd sp bi tta thu len tieng bao ve Ie phai Cu thi Id, sd nbd bdo nam kbdng sp hi tra thii lin tieng bao ve II phdi nhieu hon so nha bao nu Gid tri trung bmh cua nhd bdo namttongcdu tta Idi cao hon so vdi mi 0,63 VI hanh vi, cdc bieu bien danh gid banh vi chinh tri, cde nha bdo diu dat miie tuong doi tdt, totvarattdt{muc3,4,5ttdIln).6biluhien"rdi" luon d&tlaiich quocgia, congdongvatap thilen trenloiich ca nhan", ty Ie nha bao chpn mirc dp la cao nhat (40,6%) cho thdy hanh vi chinh tti ciia nha bdo rat tdt Bieu hien "Tdi ludn ludn chap hinh tit cac quy dinh cua phap luat, chu tnamgcua Dang, chinh sich ciia Nha nuoi' ed gia tri tiung binh cao nhdt (gid tri trung binh = 4,28), t^le ngudi chon miic cao nhdt Bieu hien 2: "Toi luon luon tuyen truyin, giiip da nguoi khacthuchien diing cic quy dinh cuaphapluat chu truong cua Ding, chmh sach cua Nha nunc", tyIenhdbaochpndmuc3,4,5deuld28,l% Ve su thdng nhat giua nhan thue, thdi dp va hanh vi, chung tdi tbdy gia tri trung binh cua cdc bieu Men vl pham chdt chinh tri tdt, phdn bd deu d ca nban thue, thai dp va hanh vi mot sd bieu hiln, ty 11 nhd bdo dat mue tdt ve pham chat cbinh tn rat eao Khi tta Idi phdng van sdu, cac nhd bdo da lam ro ban van d l ndy Theo hp, cde nba bdo Viet Nam diu tich cue tham gia, ddng gdp vao cdng eude ddi mdi, xay dung va bao ve Td qude, tuyen truyen cbu nghia Mdc LInin, tu tudng Ho Chl Minh, dudng ldi, chu truang cua Dang, chinb sdch, pbdp ludt eua Nhd nudc Khdng chi diinglai dtuyen truyen, cde nhd bao cdn pban tieh nguyen nhdn ctia thuc trang Tbdi gian qua, hdu hit cac vti tiiu cue, tham nhung Idn dupe phdt hien va xu ly diu cd edng ddu cua cac nha bdo Hp cinig di dau viec thdng tm, myln truyen, phdt hien guong "ngudi tdt, viec tdf, guong diln binh tien tiln, nhiing tam Idng nban di, nhimg sdng kiln hay, nhiing kinh nghiem tdt vd nbiing phuang phap lam viec hieu qua Tbong qua viec phdt bien vd bieu duong guong ngudi tdt viec tdt, ddu ttanh cbdng edc quan dilm sai ttai, diu dich vd tieu CLTC, cdc nhd bao da gdp phan nhdn rdng Idi sdng dep va day lui tieu cue ttong xa hdi Kit qua dieu tta cua cdc nha bao chdng tiiu cue xa hdi duoc du ludn ling bd vi da "diim mat chi ten" tiing ddi tupng, su viec eu till, cung cap nhiing thdng tin ban ddu, gitip cac ea quan chuc nang vdo cudc Nhieu nha bdo cdn till hiln vai trd tien phong ttong dau ttanh tiJ tudng ly luan, vaeh ttan am muu, diu doan "diSn biin hda binh "cua cdc the lire tiiu dich Tinb ttong ba nam gan ddy, da ed gdn 1.000 phdng vien, ttIn 300 lupt co quan bdo chi da tap tirung myen tiiiyln, khdng dinh cbu IY LUAN CHfNHTR!-S6 6/2019 iL T H l / C T I E N - K I N H NGHIEM quyen khdng the chdi eai eua Viet Nam ddi vdi VI phSm ch3t dao due qudn ddo Hoang Sa, Trudng Sa Dac biet, cdc Cac nha bdo deu khang dinh vai ttd quan r±a bdo edn dl xuat giai phap, kiln nghi cd tinh trpng cua pham chat dao diic ddi vdi ngudi lam kba thi cho Cbinh phu; giup nhdn dan bieu rd bao ttong bdi canh hien Nhiiu nha bdo tmh Mnh, nhdm tao su tm tudng, ddng thuan khdng dinh rdng ddy Id pbam chat cdn nhdt ddi ttong xahpi vdi nhd bao Viet Nam vi hp phai ddi mat vdi Ben canh nhting uu diem pbam chat chinh tri, nhiiu thach thiic va cam dd ttong qudttinhtdc ngbiep, mot bp phan nha bdo VI thai dp, cd the thdy rdng phan lon cac nha Viet Nam van bdc Id nhung ban chl nhat dinb bao diu say me, tdm huyet vdi nghl, gan bd vdi Mdt sd nha bdo nban tbuc chua day du ve cac nhdn dan, vdi thuctiln,cd y thue giu ^ ban sae pbam chdt chinhttican cd eua minh,tinhehinh van boa, tiiiyln thdng tdt dep eua dan tdc Ty 11 tii, tinh Dang ebua eao Kit qua khao sat ebo thay cdc nha bdo cho rang bieu hiln ludi hpc bdi cM biiu hiln vl:" Tdi chu dong tham du cac khda tdn tai mdt bd pban nha bao "Ich ky, vu hoc chinh tri de nang cao hiiu biit ciia bin Im ci nhan" va "ghen ghet, doky vdi nguoi hon than", giatiitiimgbuih cua cae nha bao lua chpn mmh" la hai bieu Mdn vl thai dp cd t^ 11 ngudi a muc thdp nhdt (mean = 2,88) Tuy mean lua chpn phuang an "khong cd" bdng van ban miic trung bmh (2,5) nhung dieu dd ebo (3,1%) Ca hai bieu hiln ndy diu cd gia tri trung thay tinhti'chcite ndng cao nhdn thuc ehinh tri binh Idn hem 2,8 eua mdt sd nhd bdo chua cao va chua cbu ddng Hinh ebo thay, ty le edc nha bdo yeu tMch Kit qua khao sdt chi rdng, khdng cd sir nghl bdo la Ion nhdt (68.8%) va khdng ed chpn thdng nhat hodn toan giiia nhan thtrc, thai dp vd phuong an "khdng yBu thich" nhung nghl hanh vi chinb tri cua nha bdo Ddi khi, nhting chi nghiip khde, cac nha bao deu cd sir yeu thich sd bieu Men khdng ty le thudn vdt nhau, bode nhdt dinh Miie dd yeu tMch cac nghe nghiep cd the dira tren sd thich cua ban thdn nhung cting chua tuong thich Hinh MIIC yeu thich cac nghfi nghiep cua nha bao 100% — 90% ( ^ 80% m i m i H ^ i 70% 60% 50% 40% • 30% • 20% 10% 1 1! ' -1 a I III ^ • ^ *^ thichB L* LUAN CHINHTRI-So 6/2019 ^ ^•'^ * ^ ,!,C^ Blnhthucrna • Khonaveuthich ^ Ji cho thay su am hieu cua nhd bao ve cac Iinh vuc CO lien quan Trong kM cMa se true tilp, edc nhd bao ddnh gid cao nhiing ddng ngMep yen nghl, sdn sang den nhung vung sau, vung xa, nhiing noi kbd khan, nguy hiem, de phan dnh kip thai cde su kien ndng bdng eua cupe sdng Hp khdng ngat khd, ngai khd de cd dupc nhiing tac pham bdo chi trung thuc, sinh ddng nhdt Cde nha bao ciing the Men thdi dp cau thi, ham hpc hdi de phdt trien ehuyen mdn, nghl ngbiep Ben eanb dd, nhilu nha bdo Viet Nam cung ticb cue td chiie, tiiam gia cac hoat ddng xa bdi, tu tMen; keu gpi cpng ddng, doanh ngMep, cdc nhd hao tam ddng gdp quy tinh ngMa, quy xda ddi gidm ngheo, ting bd ddng bao bi tbiln tai, cdc nan nhdn bi nMlm chat ddc hda hpc, nhiing gia dinh cbinh sdch khd khan, hd trp phong ttao the due till tiiao NMiu td bao da thdnh lap cac ban chuyen lam edng tac tu tMen Nhiing boat dpng cd y nghia ve dao due sdu sac dd da thue su mang lai Mem tin, uy tin ctia eac nha bdo va Ve hanh vi, phdn Idn cac nha bao ludn ludn dupe Dang, Nha nude, nhan dan ghi nhdn doan kit, giup dd lan Trong qud trinh tdc Vl su thdng nhdt gitia nhan thtic, thdi dp vd nghiip, cac nhd bdo cung thi Men quan dilm va hanb vi cho thay, ty le cac nha bdo chpn biiu bao vl quan dilm diing dan cua minb trudc lanh Men tieu ctie nMeu nhat vl dao due nghl ngMep dao va ddng nghiep Tj' le cua bieu hien cbi tdn tai d mdt bd phan nhd bdo 10/12 gia tri dupc nhd bdo lua chpn la 53,1 % vdi miic dp Meu tnmg binh ctia nhiing biiu Men diu tren ro va 9,4% vdi miic dp hilu rdt rd miic trung binh chung, eao nhat la biiu Trung thuc, khach quan ciing la mdt ttong Men ve su "tdn trpng tti ngdn ludn, tu bdo nhiing hdnh vi ddng biiu duong d nhd bao kM tac cM" Bieu Men vugt hdn lin mdt mue so vdi nghiep VdibieuMen "ddi tra, benh tich", nhiing biiu Men cdn lai Dieu dd cho thdy, miic CO 3,1% nhd bdo chpn phuong dn "khong cd", dp thdng nhdt nhat dinh giua nhdn thiie, thdi dp 68,8% chpn phuang an "chi ton tai mot bo va hanh vi dao diie nghl ngbiep cua nhd bdo phan" Sutinmgtbuc, khdch quan edn thi Men d Bin canh nhiing uu dilm, pham chat dao diic ty le nha bao cho rdng Men tupng "mo tin, dao nghe ngMep nha bdo cung edn mdt sd ban chl baf' va "dang tin bii giat gan, cau khich" diu cd Dd Id, ttong kM da sd nhd bdo diu cd nhdn tiiiic ty le lira chpn phuong dn "kbdng cd" la 3,1 % vd dung dan ve dao due nghe bao tM mdt sd nhd bdo "cbi ton tai mdt bo phan" la tten 30% Tat van nhan tiitic chua day dti ve nhiing pham ebdt ca cac bieu Men vl hanh vi dao diic nghe ngMep can ed Mdt sd nhd bao chua Meu rd npi ham cua ctia nha bdo deu cd su lua chpn la "khdng cd" khdi mem dao diic nghe ngMep nha bdo, chua Ngoai ra, cdc nha bao diu ddng y rdng, ttong nam virng cae quy dinh vl dao diic nghl ngMep mdi quan he vdd Td qude, dat nuoc, phan lon ma hp can ed Tinh ttang cd till xuat pbat tii nha bao Viet Nam da rdt tieh cue gidi nMeu nguyin nhdn, ttong dd nguyen nhdn cbinh thieu, quang ba dat nudc, ngudi, truyen la hp ehuatiitjcsu yiu nghl va tiiilu ytiitjchpc thdng, bdn sde ddn tdc Viet Nam vdi ban be tap, tu dudng VI thai dp, nhd bdo vdn cdn ed nhirng bieu quoc tl Cde nha bao da ed hang nghin bai viit tuyin tmyin van hda, thda man nhu can vdn hien tieu cue Ty le nha bdo ebon miie "rat hoa, gidi tri cua nban ddn; quang bd ban sac vdn biin" eho thdi dp "ich ky, vu loi ca nhan" Idn nhat cac bieu hien (cMem 6,3%) Hien hda dan tdc rathe gidi LYLUAN CHINHTRj-So 6/2019 E^ THUCTIIN-KINHNGHIIM tupng cac nha bdo "gften ghet, ddky vdi ngudi Wiac" van cd 3,1 % ngudi cho la" raitphd bien" va 18,8% cho la cdn "pbSbiin" Mdt xu hudng cac nhdm nhd bao ed tham cdng tac cang lau nam ddnh gid Men tupng d miic chi phd biln ttong mdt bd pban hodc khdng phd biln, cac nhd bdo ed tham men cang it cang thay Men tuong ndy phd bien Vi du: cdc nhd bao cd tham men edng tae thdng ddnh gia Men tupng d miic rat phd bien va phd bien nMiu nhdt (gid tri trung binh la 1,17) Diem tuong ddng vdi kit qua kM ebung tdi kiim dinh vl danh gid biiu Men" CO hdi, a dua, xu ninh" vin nhdm nhd bdo cd eung thdm Nhdm nha bao cd tham men 30 nam danh gid la khdng bien hoac cM phd bien ttong mdt bd phdn nhilu nhdt (gid tri trung binh Id 3,83) Dilu ndy ehiing td biiu Men dd ttong ldp nbd bdo tte nhilu ban CMa se vdi chiing tdi, cac nba bao bay to su lo ngai vl thdi dp tMeu ttdeh nMem, tMeu cdn nhdc cua mpt sd nhd bdo kM dua tin tiic, nhdt Id cdc tin qudc te Thdm cM, mdt sd nha bao dua thdng tin mdt cMlu tii cdc ngudn tin nudc ngoai, thdng tin bi dp dat theo tu tudng, quan diem cbinh tri cua nudc ngoai ttai vdi quan dilm, dudng ldi ciia Dang vd Nha mrdc ta Nhung thdng tin dd cd anh hudng trtJc tiep tdi tinh hinh kmh te, chinh tri, xd hdi ttong nudc, den tinh cam, thdi dp cua ngudi dan cd thi gdy nin nhiing Meu lam, tbu hdn, kich ddng, gay bat lpi cho quan he vdi cae nude Ve banh vi, hien tupng nha bdo loi dung chiic vu, quyin ban nhd bao, co quan bao cM de true lpi, tilp tay cho "nan phong bi" la dilu dang lo ngai Vdi bieu Men" viet bai theo loi nhuan kinh ti", ty le nha bdo ebo rdng "raf phd biin" Id 3,1 %, cho la "pho biin" lin den 25% Ty le ngudi cho rdng, bieu hiln "chay chiic, chay quyen" rat phd bien d nhd bao cao gap ddi so vdi bieu Min " viit bii theo loi nhuan kinh ti' va 75% danh gid LY LUAN CHINH TR!-So 6/2019 Id" chl ton tai omot bdphan" Cdc nhd bdo duoc phdng vdn kieh lilt phi phan Men tupng mdt so ddng ngMep da loi dung dilu tta chdng tieu cue, tham nhung, thu thdp dupc nhiing chung cu, tai heu quan ttpng, be Id thdng tin de de dpa, tdng tiln eae doanh nghiep Trong bdo chi hiln cd hien tupng rat dang lo ngai la su lien ket khdng lanh manh giiia mdt sd phdng vien, hoac mdt sd lanh dao ca quan bao chi dl cimg" tang bdi', boac "ha be" mdt sd td chiic, cd nhan theo kieu "hoi ding' Mpt sd nhd bao lpi dung nghe bao nhdn pbong bi, qud hay cac Ipi ich khac d l viet tin bai theo kilu quang cdo, nup bdng guong ngudi tdt vile tdt, quang cdo trd hinh cho cac doanh ngMep, don vi kinh tl Thdm cM, mdt so da kit bpp vira viit tui bai ve doanh nghiep, vira ep doanh ngMep ky hpp ddng quang cao Theo kit qua khao sat "Nhdn dien hdnh vi true Ipi ttong tae ngMep bao cM" cua Trung tam nghien ctiu truyen thdng phdt triin" (RED) thupc lien hiep cac Hpi Khoa hpc ky thuat Viet Nam (VUSTA) cdng bd mdi day, cd nhdm hanh vi true lot bao chi xay thdi gian qua, gdm: dpa ddm tdng tien; thdng ddng lpi ich nhdm; lien kit nhdm phdng vien; lpi dung danh ngMa nha bao vd caquan bdo chi Ciing qua khdo sdt cho thdy, cde nhd quan ly bdo ehi va chuyen gia tmyen thdng cho rdng, hanb vi true lpi ttong tac nghiep bao cM xay cbu yeu a nhdm phdng vien bdo diln tu (chiem khoang 90%), tilp la bdo in (40%), tmylnhinh (34%) vdphdt tiianh (10%) Ddng lo ngai la van cdn tdn tai nhting Men tijong be pbai, cue bd, ddi ttd, benh tiianh tich, khdng ttung thuc ttong lam bdo Qua khao sat bdng pMlu hdi, kit qua thu duoc ebo hien tiiong "dangtin bii^atgari', "cohoi, a dua,xuninh" vd "xao tm, dao bif duoc cho la rdt phd biln vdi ty le nhd bdo lua chpn cao nhdt (6,3%), hiln tupng" dang tm bai giat gan" cd ty le nhd Jl bao lua chpn phuong an "phd biin" cao nhdt cdc biiu bien (56,3%) Cdc nhd bdo chia se rang, niu tim kiim theo tu khda ve mdt van dl dang "ndng" tai mdt thdi diem, ddc gid cd t h i tim dupc rdt nhieu bdi viit na nd nhau, ehi" thay ten, doi ho" nhdm dua canh tranh thdng tin nhung khdng idnh manh te, rat am hilu ve dao diic nha bao nhung nhiing" cam dd" nhdt tiidi, ehi nhm tiiay cdi lai trude mdt nen "ndi mot ding lam mdt neo", khdng phai vi khdng Meu ma la vi khdng cudng lai dupc siic cam dd eua vat chdt Pham chat chuyen mon, nghiep vu, tri thvc va van hoa, von song Vl su thdng nhat giiia nhan thire, thai dp va VI nhan thuc, qua phdng van sdu, chiing tdi hanh vi, chiing tdi thay gia tti trung buib cua cdc thdy phan Idn cac nha bdo deu cd nhdn tbiic bieu hien pham chat dao diie (ea nhdn thiie, dung ddn, day du vl pbam chdt ehuyin mdn, thdi dd va hdnh vi) dao dpng tti 2,41 den 3,25, nghiep vu edn cd Trong sd 384 nhd bao dupc ttong dd biiu Men vl hanh vi "xio thi, dao bii" khao sdt bdng phieu hdi, tyle ve trinh dp chuyin va "dang tin giit gin cau khach" cd mean dudi mdn ctia nha bdo dupc the Men ttong hinh tmng binh chung (2,5), cM cd biiu hien dat Hinh cho thdy, sdnha bao cd trinh dp dai hpc ttIn miic Id thdi dO "khdng tdn tu vd sau dai hpc cMlm ty le Idn nhdt (50% tdt ngonluin, tudo bao chi" Miic cao nhat cua gid ngMep dai hpc bao cM, 37,5% tdt ngMep tiiac sy tri tmng binh chi dat hdnh vi nhdn thiic tuong bdo ebi), so edc nha bao dupe phong van ddi tdt, cdn lai cac bieu hien kbac chi xIp vdo khdng cd trinb dp tmng cap va cao ddng Gia tri mtic khdng binh thudng Dilu dd cho thay su trung binh cua can hdi vl trinh dp dao tao bao cM thdng nhdt giiia nhan thuc, thdi dp va hanb vi d eao nhat cua nha bao Id 5,3 Nhu vdy, da sd cae mdt bp phein nha bdo chua eao Cdc chi sd ndy nhd bao deu tdt ngbiep dai hpe bdo chi ttd len so vdi cM sd vl pham chdt chinh tri cung thap Qua kit qua khao sat eho thay, nha bdo tu hon Bieu bien: "noi khdng di ddi vol lim" cd ty danh gia minh d muc "hieu ratrd" eao nhat la d lenhabdolira ehpn Id "pAdfoidh" chilm 12,5%, cac hilu biet ve "vithixahoicuanha bio", "vi "chiton tai mot bo phan" chiem 78,1%, thixa hdi cua nghe bao"va "chiic nang ciia bao cao thu ba so vdi 12 bieu Men vl pbain chdt dao chi truyin tiidng' (ty 11 deu tu 25% trd len) Muc dtic Dieu phd hpp vdi nhdn dinh ctia eae "hiiu rd" cd ty le lua ehpn cao nhat d hieu biit nha bao kM dua mpt sdMen tupng ttong thue ve "cic chiic nang cua bao chi truyin thdn^' Hinh Trinh chuyen mon cua cac nha bao dttffc khao sat • (1)Chi/aquaddotaobaochi ' (3) Dai hoc bao chf ' (5) Tien sy bao chl • (2)Da qua mptkhoa huan luyen bao ctii I (4) Thac sy bao chl L V L U A N CHI'NH TR!-So6/2019 ^ T H I / C T I I N - K I N H NGHIEM (62,5%), sau dd den" V7" t/iexa hpi Ciia ng/ja'bao", Trong kM cMa se mjetiep,cdc nbd bdo eung " quy dinh vi pham chit nghe nghiep cua nha nhan manh vdn bilu biet sdu rdng Id mi diem bao theo tu tuong Ho Chi Minh", "vi thixa hoicda mdt sd ddng ngMep Nhd bao kbi ldm viec cua nha bao" va "quy luit bao chi truyin vdi cdc ddittrongngudi khuyit tat, ngudi mdc te thdn^' tat cd cac biiu Men nhdn thuc ndy nan xa hdi, ngoai nbung ky nang nghiep vu bao deu cd nhd bao ehpn phuang dn "hiiu ratrd" ehi can ban, tdm Idng nhdn ai, ddng cam, thdu (dao ddng tir 3,1 den 28,1%) vd hilu rd (dao hilu, bp edn phai tu hpc bdi de tim bieu ngdn ngu, cam xue cua nbung ddi tupng ndy Tham dpng tu 24,4 den 62,5%) VI thai dp, vdi nhdn tbiic dung ddn, da sd eae ebi, nhieu trudng hpp, nha bdo cdn phai nhdp nba bao Viet Nam deu ed tbdi dp edu tbi, bam tiidn, cd nhting ky nang de giu an toan ebo bdn hpc hdi de phat ttien pham chat ehuyen mdn, tiian phai ddi mat vdi nguy hiem Tin hpc va dupc thi hien qua y kien tir nban dinh ve thai dp ngoai ngu la hai ky nang dupc nba bao nhan eua nhd bao vl miie dp ddp ting ctia ban than ho manh Id uu thi cua bpttongky nguyen mdi, dae biet Id vdi nhiing nhd bao ldm viec edc bdo vdi nhiing pham chat chuyin mdn can cd Hinh chi rang, 13/14 bieu bien cd gid tri mang,ttiiyentiidng,phattiianb,truyin Mnh Neu ty le nha bdo cho rang kilntiiuctdng hpp trung binh d muc (tuong ddi tdt) trd lin den miic tdt Dieu ndy ehiing td phan Idn nha bao deu ve ly ludn chinh tri ctia bp d mtic trung binh la ed hanh vi pham chat chuyin mdn, ngMep vu tdt 2,34 (mtic tdt)tiiimiic dp Miu rd cua bp eung cd Hinh Gia tri trung binh ciia cac bilu hien ve hanh vi ph^m chat chuyin mon, nghiep vu 141 Su'dung nhieu kl nang khac lam bao i 13} Moi va dien thityet tnrdc dam dong tot i 12) Dienflatday du y nghia va not dung cua van de can phan anhtrong bat Viet 11) Lam viec veil hau het cac nhom xa hpi dac biet 10) Thuyet phuc cong chiing Se ho co nhung hieu biet ve mot van de cu the 9) Luon luon hoan diing ban va co chat luong cac nhiem vu duoc giao 8) Tir pbat hien dUOc cac van de moi thuc tiln 7) Chiu duoc ap luc cong viec cao ma khong ptian nan 6) TUxLlly cac tinti huong phat smh ttong kbi tac nghiep 5) Sifdung nhieu bon ngoai ngii, co ngoai ngO tbanb ttiao 4) Siydung tot ngoai ngQ tac nghiep viia de piiong van vira de thu thap thong tin viet bai i)SLl dung t o l l ngoai ngiittong tac ngbiep de de tbu tliap tbong tin viet bai 2) Sii'diing lot ngoai ngiilrong tac ngbiep de pbong van 1) Thanh tttao tin boc, khong can nhtr den sU giiip dS cua ngUoi khac tacnghiep LYLUAN CHINHTRI-So 6/2019 m gia di trung binh a miic ndy (2,4) va tae n ^ e p hp eiing ludn ludn hodn cdc nMem vu dupc giao d miic tdt Ngay ttong bieu Men" cd the chiu duoc ap luc cao ma khdng phan nan" vdi gia tri tnmg binh d miic tdt va ty le ngudi chpn miic rat tdt len den 37,5% dd cho thdy cdsu thdng nhat khd cao giiia hdnh ddng va thai dp Nha bdo CO thi lam vile vdi eac nhdm xa hdi dac biet nhu tte khuyit tat, ngudi mdc te nan xa hdi dat miic rat tdt d 31,3% vd gid tri trung binh d muc tdt cho thay nban thiic ve vai ttd, vi tri cua nhd bdo phai la" tiing ndt hay diln dan cua nhdn dan, vdi thai cam thdng, ddng cam vdi sd phan cua nhung ngudi bat hanh dl chuyin tdi vdo tae pham bao chi nhung dieu nhdn van nhat pham chat ehinh tri, pham chdt dao due va pham chat chuyen mdn, nghiep vu, tri thiic, van hda va vdn song eua nbd bdo cd su thdng nhdt tuong ddi, tao nen buc ttanh tdng thi hoan cMnh ve pham chat ngbe ngMep cua nha bao Bin eanh nhung uu diem, nhd bdo Viet Nam eiing bdc Id nbiing han chl a nhdn thirc, tiidi dd va hanh ddng qud trinb tdc ngbiep cua minh Mde dii nhiing ban chl chi tdn tai d mdt bp phan nha bao nhung rat dang lo ngai, neu khdng dupc kbdc phuc kip thdi, tiii ed till ddnh mat niem tm eua cdng ehiing vd lam anh budng den uy tin eua nhiing ngudi lam bdo chdn chinh, tao nhung he qua khdn ludng D l pbat trien cae nhdm pham chat nghl nghiep cua eac nhd bdo ndi chung, dae biet Id nhd bdo tre theo quan diem HI CM Minh bdi canh bien nay, theo chung tdi can chu y mdy giai phdp sau ddy; Cdn chu ttpng eung cap kien tbiic cho cdc nhd bao tte ve nbiing quan diem cua Hd CM Minh vl bdo cM vd nhd bao Xay dung cdc cdu lac bd nha bao tte dl tao dien ddn cMa se kiln thiic, ky nang vd kinh ngMem khuyen kMch nha bdo tte tich luy kiln thirc, hinh phuong phdp tu khoa hpc, phirong phap ludn phan anh va phdnti'chsu kiln vd vdn de thdi su ttong thuc tiln dang van ddng Can dao tao ky nang pbdn tich su kiln va van d l tbdi su cho nhd bdo tte; cung captiidngtin, kiln thiic, tao diln dan cMa se ky nang, kinh ngMem Md cdc ldp bdi dudng cae nhd bdo tre Cd thi ndi, dpi ngu nha bao Viet Nam ed rat nhiing cdy but chinh ludn dl hp cd the dam nhieu uu diem vl pham chdt nghl ngMep, giii duong cdng viec khai ngudn, pban anh, phan tich ^ vd phdt huy dupc nhiing truyen thdng tdt va dan ddt edng ludn tiudc nhiing van de pbiic tap dep cua bdo cM each mang theo tu tudng Hd CM ttong bdi eanh mang xa bdi pbdt tiien Trong bdi Minh Da sd nhd bao diu cd pham chat nghl canh Cdch mang edng ngMep 4.0, nhd bao Viet nghiep tdt, xiing dang la nhung cMen si tten mat Nam cung cdn dupe bdi dudng ky nang tmyen tttin van hda tu tudng, cd" tam sang, ldng trong, tiidng sd, ddp ling yeu eau pbat tiien nhu vu bao but sii' nhu nha bdo Hiiu Thp da tdng kit Giiia cua the gidi va ddi hdi ctia ddc gia Men dai L) Trong pham chdt ehuyen mdn, ngMep vu kM tiln hanh khao sat, chirng tdi cung nhan tbay mdt sd nhiing han chl Cde nhd bdo cho biit tten thuc te, Men tupng cac nha bao ndm viing ve ly thuyet va cd tiidi dp tdc ngMlp rdt nghiim tuc, eau thi nhung kM lan lon vdi thuc te, chua cd kinb nghiem nen chat lupng cua tdc pham bdo ehi chua tdt Thdm cM, nhieu kM, cac nha bao tte, mdi vao nghl edn gap tai nan nghl ngMep Mpt so nhd bdo cd tham niln, kinh ngMem tM lai gap khd khan ttong van dl xti ly nhiing phuang tiln ky thuat Men dai nhu vile su dung may anh, mdy quay phim hoac kha nang giao tiep bang ngoai ngiikhae khdng du de tac ngMep Dd cilng Id dilu dl hieu vd ly giai gidtiitirungbinh vl ehuyen mdn, nghiep vu lai thap nhat ttong cac pham chat LVLUAN CHfNHTR!-S06/2019 ... bdo tre theo quan diem HI CM Minh bdi canh bien nay, theo chung tdi can chu y mdy giai phdp sau ddy; Cdn chu ttpng eung cap kien tbiic cho cdc nhd bao tte ve nbiing quan diem cua Hd CM Minh vl... diu ddng y rdng, ttong nam virng cae quy dinh vl dao diic nghl ngMep mdi quan he vdd Td qude, dat nuoc, phan lon ma hp can ed Tinh ttang cd till xuat pbat tii nha bao Viet Nam da rdt tieh cue gidi... thdng tin mdt cMlu tii cdc ngudn tin nudc ngoai, thdng tin bi dp dat theo tu tudng, quan diem cbinh tri cua nudc ngoai ttai vdi quan dilm, dudng ldi ciia Dang vd Nha mrdc ta Nhung thdng tin dd cd
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