GIAO DUG H A N H V I GIAO TIEP CO V A N HOA CHO HOC S I N H , S I N H VIEN Y E U C A U Q U A N T R O N G T R O N G G I A O D U G U A N H O A H O C D U O N G O IS PHAN THANH LONG* Gan day, thong qua ca[.]
G I A O DUG H A N H V I G I A O TIEP CO V A N HOA C H O HOC S I N H , S I N H VIEN YEU CAU QUAN TRONG TRONG GIAO DUG U A N HOA HOC O DUONG IS PHAN THANH LONG* G myc cua xa hdi dugc dinh hudng gid tri cdc mdi quan he cua ngudi Nhiem vy quan cua gido dye Id phdi hudng dan cdc quy tin dqi chung, vdn hda hoc dudng (VHHD) tdc thyc hien H W H nhung mdi quan he xa dang ndi len nhu mdt vdn de canh bdo xd hdi, Idm cho no duac bieu hien phu hgp vai yeu hdi cdn phdi thuc tinh vd quan tdm nhieu han cdu dgo due vd phap lugt cua xd hdi De Idm tot Ldm de xdy dyng mdi trudng hoc dudng cd vdn hda (VH), Idm the ndo de gido dye hanh vi nhiem vy nay, nhd gido dye cdn chii y chong lgi van hod hgc dudng (HWHHD) cho hoc sinh, sinh nhung khuynh hudng cue doan, thieu ca sd khoa vien (HS, SV) cd hieu qua Id nhung cdu hdi ldn hgc, nhu: 1) Coi cdc phdm chdt ben mdi Id ddt cho ngdnh gido dye vd todn xd hdi Bdi thyc chdt, cdn cdc HV ben ngoai chi Id lap vo bdo de cap nhung ca sd li luan lien quan bgc hinh thuc, dan den thdi dd xem thudng viec den gido dye HWHHD cho HS, SV md trung tdm tudn thu cdc quy tac HV van hda vd thieu quan Id gido dye hanh vi (HV) giao tiep (GT) cd VH tdm den gido dye H W H cho the he tre; 2) Qua «Vdn hda", hieu theo nghTa rdng nhdt Id coi trgng gido dye hinh thuc HV ben ngoai ma he thdng cdc gid tri vdt chdt vd tinh than xem nhe gido dye nhung phdm chdt ben trong, ngudi sang tgo vd tich luy qua trinh hogt tgo nen nhung ngudi gid ddi, biet che day ddng thuc tien, sy tuang tdc giua ngudi vdi moi trudng Cdn d gdc dd gido dye, chung bdn chdt tham lam, ddc dc, ich ki cua minh bdng tdi ddng y vdi djnh nghTa cua E.B Taylor: «VH Id nhung cu chi, ldi ndi «dgo due gid" tdhgp cdc tri thuc, niem tin, nghe thuat, dgo due, O day chung ta cung cdn phdn djnh rgch rdi lugt phap, phong tyc vd cdc nang luc, thdi quen giua H W H vdi HV dgo due vd HV phap ludt Cd khdc md ngudi vdi tu each Id thdnh vien cua ba logi HV deu dugc the hien thdng qua xa hdi tiep thu dugc" (VH nguyen thuy) Cung hogt ddng song cua cd nhdn, deu dya tren cdc cdn phdi Idm rd han tiep can khdi niem chudn myc dung - sai, thien - dc , chiu sy quy qua trinh Idm cdng tdc gido dye, bdi djnh cua nhung gid tri, chudn myc chung vd co dd, VH duqc hieu Id nhung hinh thuc dep de dugc mdi quan he bien chung vdi nhau; cung deu bieu bieu hien each ung xu lich sy, HVvan minh, hien cua Idng khdt khao hudng thien vd nguyen tudn thu theo he thdng quy tdc ung xu tuang ung vgng Idm dep cudc song cua ngudi Qua vdi cdc chudn myc xd hdi trinh gido dye chung deu cd chung mdt ca che VH cd mdi quan he huu ca vdi sy phdt trien td chuc hogt ddng song vd quan he cua ngudi xd hdi: mdt mat, dd Id sdn phdm ngudi de tdc ddng vdo nhdn thuc, tinh cam, y chi vd sang tao ra; mat khdc, VH cung sang tao cdc thdi quen phdm chdt ngudi xd hdi, dem lai nhung gid HV phap ludt mang dam tinh giai cap, dgi trj nhdn each cua moi thdnh vien xd hdi dien cho quyen lyc tdi cao ciia nhd nude, lay Trong gido due, VH ngudi phdi gdn ca sd phap li Idm chudn Day Id HV bdt budc lien vdi HV cd VH (goi tdt Id HWH) H W H Id he dugc dieu chinh bdng nhung quy djnh cua lugt thdng nhung bieu hien ben ngoai cua hogt ddng phap tren ca sd quyin lgi vd nghTa vy cua moi cd nhdn chua dung nhung gid tri vdt chdt vd tinh cd nhdn ddi vdi nhd nude Cdn HV dgo due than cua xd hdi dugc bieu hien cy the cuoc hudng tdi nhung vdn de luang tdm, trach nhiem, song hang vd dugc xd hp/ chap nhdn nhu he thdng ung xu ciia ngudi, Id nhung chuan •Trudng Bai hoc sir pham Ha Noi an day, thong qua cac phuang tien thong Tap chi Giao due so 262 (ki 5/201 n sy «thien - dc" cac mdi quan he giua ngudi vdi H W H bao gom ca HV dao due vd HV phap ludt nhung gdn vdi yeu td tham mT, hudng tdi cdi dep Mot HV dao due hay phap ludt trd thdnh mdt HV vdn hda no mang minh yeu td tham mT, gid tri ve cdi dep «VHHD" (cung nhu VH ndi chung) deu Id nhung khdi niem cd ngoai dien rdng, lien quan den nhieu van de, cd ndi ham khdc ve ddi tugng, tinh chdt vd hinh thuc bieu hien Cd the phdn tich VHHD d nhieu phuang dien, khia canh, dd ndi bdt han cd Id khung canh, mdi trudng su pham vd van de GT, ung xu su pham Qua thyc tiln ddo tao vd nghien cuu, chung tdi cho rdng HV GT, ung xu cd VH Id van de trung tdm cua VHHD cdn dugc quan tdm gido dye cho HS, SV VHHD Id «cdc gid tri, cac chudn muc giup cho cac nhd quan li, thdy cd gido, HS, SV, cdc can bp nhd trudng co suy nghi, tinh cam vd hanh dong tdt dep" (1) Cd the ndi, VHHD trudc het Id VH ung xu, vdn hda GT Xd hdi giao cho nhd trudng gido dye em thdnh nhung ngudi tu te, nhdn hdu, biet ndi ldi hay, Idm viec tdt, that thd, l i phep, khoan dung, chia se Myc tieu chung cua VHHD Id xdy dyng trudng hoc lanh manh bdo dam chdt lugng thyc Khi phdt ddng phong trao «Xdydung trudng hoc than thien, HS tich cue", Phd thu tudng Nguyin Thien Nhdn dd chi rd: phong trao nhdm thiet lap mdi trudng su pham vdi ddc trung Id ki cuang, trung thyc, khach quan, cdng bdng, tinh thuang vd khuyen khich sang tao, hieu qua Day cung chinh Id cdc ndi dung ca bdn cua VHHD «HVGT cd van hda" Id nhung bieu hien cy the be ngoai dugc dieu khien bdi cdu true tdm li ben cua chu the, chua dyng nhung gid tri vd chudn muc VH, dugc thyc hien theo quy tac ung xu cua xa hdi thdng qua ldi ndi vd cu chi cdc mdi quan he hang Cdu true cua HV GT cd VH bao gom cdc thdnh phdn sau: 1) Yeu td nhdn thuc: cd nhdn phdi hieu biet y nghTa cdc chudn myc vd ndm dugc cdc quy tdc thyc hien cdc HVGT dd dugc xd hdi thua nhdn; hieu rd vd cd y thuc ve cdc chudn myc xd hdi cdn tudn thu qua trinh GT vdi ngudi khdc; 2) Yeu td tinh cam: cd nhdn tin tudng vd mong muon thyc hien cdc chudn myc GT phu hgp vdi yeu cdu xd hdi, rung ddng trudc nhung HVGT cd vdn hda, trudc nhung each cuxu dep ; 3) Yeu to y chi, thdi quen: ca nhdn biet lua chon, su Tap chi Giao due so p a • 5/201 n dyng cdc phuang tien GT mdt each dung ddn, linh hoat vd sang tao phu hgp vdi tung ddi tugng, hoan canh vd myc dich GT Cdc thdnh phdn ndi tren cd quan he mat thiet vdi nhau, tao nen mdt chinh the dieu chinh HVGT cua ngudi «Gido dye HVGT cd van hda" Id qua trinh tdc dgng den the he tre dehinh thdnh y thuc, thdi vd thdi quen thuc hien cdc chudn muc GT xa hdi quy dinh vdi mot dd tham mT nhdt dinh Trong qua trinh nay, nhd trudng phdi cung cap cho HS, SV nhung phep GT, ung xu ljch sy, nhd nhdn, an cdn, chu ddo, thien chi, Cy the: a) Trong cdc net tinh each, ca nhdn cdn cd nhung phdm chdt sau: - Ton ngudi, ton ddi tugng GT, ton thdi quen, y kien, sd thich ciia nhau; - Luon mong muon xdy dyng mdi quan he tdt dep giua ngudi vdi thdng qua GT; - Nhdn hdu, cu xu tdt vdi moi ngudi, cd Idng vj tha, dd lugng, khoan dung, biet nhudng nhjn nhau; - Trung thyc, ldi ndi vdi viec Idm, suy nghTvd hanh ddng luon nhdt quan, khong gid ddi b) Trong kT nang GT, cd nhdn can dat dugc: - Cu xu ljch sy vd kheo leo, dung myc quan he, biet dieu chinh nhanh chong vd chinh xdc HV cua minh cho phu hgp vdi hoan canh vd ddi tugng GT; - Biet each tao nhung an tugng tdt dep ban ddu vd chinh sua nhung an tugng ban ddu ve ngudi khdc GT de tao sy thien cam vd hieu biet ldn nhau, gat bd nhung djnh kien trudc GT; - Cd kT ndng biet Idng nghe vd cam nhdn tinh cam ciia ngudi khdc de thdng cam vd ddng cam; biet the hien suy nghf, chinh kien de ngudi khdc hieu ve minh Cdc bieu hien cy the cua HVGTco VH: - Ung xu Ijch sy, le phep: chdo hdi gap ngudi khdc; cam an nhdn dugc sy giup dd; xin loi mdc loi hay Idm phien ngudi khdc; xin phep trudc cd HV ngoai quyen quyet djnh cua bdn than; cu chi than mat, Ijch sy, l i phep GT - Cd HWH qua trinh hdi thoqi: chap nhdn vd Idng nghe ngudi khdc; khong ngdt ldi ngudi khdc dang ndi; hudng mat vdo ngudi khdc trd ldi hodc trd chuyen; ndi du nghe vd khong ndi khong; xung hd than mat - Bieu dat nhu cdu vdi ngudi khdc: biet de nghj mud'n ngudi khdc giup dd hodc muon tham gia vdo mdt hogt ddng ndo dd cung vdi nguai khac; chap nhan lai de nghj cua nguai khac; biet the hien nhu cau ciia cd nhdn vdi ngudi khdc bdng ldi ndi; biet bay td y muon giup dd ngudi khdc - The hien sy cam thdng, chia se, giup dd ngudi khdc: quan tdm, chdm sdc nhung ngudi can sy giup dd; - cung hoc, cung chai, chia se vdi ban be - Ton trong GT: chap nhdn y kien cua ban; chap nhdn sd thich cua ban vd ngudi khdc; tudn thu nhung quy djnh cua tap the vd cdng dong; - khong Idm on do, mdt trdt ty nai cdn sy yen fihh *** VHGT, ung xu Id ndi dung trung tdm vd quan nhdt cuaVHHD Defied hanh gido due HVGT cd VH cho HS, SV, cdc nhd gido dye cdn hieu rd vd thdng nhdt ndi dung cdc khdi niem nhu dd trinh bay d tren, ddc biet cdn phdn tich dugc cdc bieu hien tdm li ben cung nhu cdc bieu hien cy the ben ngoai cua HVGT cd VH • (1) Pham Minh Hac Nghien cuu nguoi va nguon nhan luc di vao cdng nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa NXB Chinh tri qud'c gia, H 2001 Tai lieu tham khao A.A Belik "Van hoa hoc, nhung li thuyet nhan hoc van hoa" Tap chi Vdn hoa Nghe thuat, Ha Noi 2000 Hoang Anh Tam li hoc giao tiep NXB Dai hoc su pham Hd Noi, 2004 Nguyen Tran Bat Van hda va nguoi NXB Hoi Nhd vdn, H.2005 Nguyen Thj Kim Ngan Van hoa giao tiep nha trudng NXB Dai hoc supham TP Hd Chi Minh, 2010 Phan Ngoc VSn hoa Viet Nam va each tiep can mdi NXB Vdn hda thdng tin, H 1994 Nguyen Anh Tuyet Giao trinh giao due hanh vi van hoa cho tre em NXB Gido due, H.2006 kinh nghiem vdi dong nghiep cua minh de ndng cao trinh dd QLGD; + Da sd ndi dung cdc hoc phdn dd mang tinh thyc tiin nhung HV van de vdi ngudi hgc nhung thyc te trien khai van khong nghj cdn cung cap them lugng thdng tin cap nhdt gidi quyet dugc triet de vdn de sinh Day Id thyc tiin han nua vd chi dan cho hg each thu mdt thyc te cdn khdc phyc de ndng cao han nua thdp thdng tin d cdc dja chi cd the, dieu dd cho thdy nhu cdu thyc tiin cua ngudi hgc d chuyen chdt lugng DT he cua nhd trudng Y kien cua HV ve van de kiem tra, danh ngdnh Id rd't ldn, dd se Id mdt cdc ca sd de nhd trudng tiep tyc nghien cuu dieu chinh gid kien thuc 100% sd HV dugc hdi y kien dd khang djnh CT vd cdc khau khdc cua cua qua trinh DT de ndi dung CT on thi ddu vdo Id phu hgp vdi trinh ndng cao han nua chdt lugng DT chuyen ngdnh dd nhdn thuc vd kinh nghiem thyc tien cua ho nay; + Cung cap cho HV CTDT trudc bdt ddu Dd Id he thdng cdc tri thuc ca bdn ve khoa hgc khod hgc de hg cd the ddnh gid dugc y nghTa gido dye, khoa hoc tdm li vd triet hgc ho deu cua khod hgc vdi myc tieu hg dgt cd phu hgp dugc hnh hdi d cdc trudng chuyen nghiep vd dd khong; cd the thu xep thdi gian thyc hien ke hogch cd thdi gian van dyng vdo thyc tiln cdng tdc nen cua CT khong; neu tham gia CT cua khod hgc thi d i ddng tiep thu 84,5% HV danh gid ndi dung hg se phdi gidi quyet nhung van de gi, *** kien thuc thi cdc hoc phdn d muc dd rat phu hgp Ket qua khao sat ndi tren Id ca sd thyc tien vdi ndi dung kien thuc mdn hoc 15,5% HV danh quan trgng de de xudt cdc gidi phap nhdm ndng gid d muc dd tuang ddi phu hgp cao chdt lugng he DT vua hgc vua Idm cu nhdn Ket qua tren khang djnh viec kiem tra, ddnh QLGD cua Trudng DHSP Hd Ndi • gid dd phdn dnh dung yeu cdu myc tieu moi mdn hoc can dat dugc Cdc y kien khac tap trung vdo mdt sd van Tai lieu tham khao de chu yeu sau: + Trong CT khod hgc nen td chuc D3ng Quoc Bao "Doi ngu nhan luc chat luang cao cho nganh giao due dao tao: van de va giai phap'" cho HV di tham quan thyc te Theo hgp dong DT (tr 165-174) Ki yeu hoi thao khoa hoc Ddo tao nhdn luc thi ca sd lien ket chju trdch nhiem thyc hien hgc phuc vu CNH, HDH ddt nuoc, De tai KX 05-10, H 2003 phdn nhung rat it dia phuang td chuc cho Nguyen Minh Dudng (chu bien) Boi duang vd ddo HV di tham quan thyc te, li chu yeu Id kinh tao lai ddi ngu nhdn luc dieu kien mai Vien phi Day cung Id mdt van de ddt cdn phdi gidi khoa hoc giao due, H 1996 quyet vi HV khong phdi chi muon linh hdi tri thuc Ha Si Ho "Can thuc su coi dao tao can b& quan md cdn muon hoc hdi kinh nghiem vd chia se li giao due" Tap chi Nghien ciiu gido due, so' 5/1997 Danh gia thirc trang (Tiep theo trang 20) Tap chi Giao due so 262 (ki a 5/201 n ... nghien cuu, chung tdi cho rdng HV GT, ung xu cd VH Id van de trung tdm cua VHHD cdn dugc quan tdm gido dye cho HS, SV VHHD Id «cdc gid tri, cac chudn muc giup cho cac nhd quan li, thdy cd gido,... ddng luon nhdt quan, khong gid ddi b) Trong kT nang GT, cd nhdn can dat dugc: - Cu xu ljch sy vd kheo leo, dung myc quan he, biet dieu chinh nhanh chong vd chinh xdc HV cua minh cho phu hgp vdi... TP Hd Chi Minh, 2010 Phan Ngoc VSn hoa Viet Nam va each tiep can mdi NXB Vdn hda thdng tin, H 1994 Nguyen Anh Tuyet Giao trinh giao due hanh vi van hoa cho tre em NXB Gido due, H.2006 kinh nghiem