GIAO DUC LONG NHAN AI CHO TRE MAM NDN O ThS CHU THI HONG NHUNG* 1 Long nhdn di Id mdt phdn ed''''t ldi trong nhdn cdch Id nen tdng cuo dqo due vd Id mdt trong nhQng phdm chdt coo quy cua eon ngudi Tinh c[.]
GIAO DUC LONG NHAN AI CHO TRE MAM NDN O Long nhdn di Id mdt phdn ed't ldi nhdn cdch Id nen tdng cuo dqo due vd Id mdt nhQng phdm chdt coo quy cua eon ngudi Tinh cdm dd khdng phdi Id bdm sinh md duqc hinh thdnh cuqc sd'ng, nhQng mdi quan he xd hdi, mdi quon he vdi nhung ngudi xung quonh Theo Tu dien Tieng Viet, Tdng nhdn di Id «tinh yeu thuong ngudi" (1) Nhu vdy, Idng nhdn di cd tinh yeu vd tinh thuong Tu djnh nghTa tren to thdy, Idng nhdn di Id mqt nhQng tinh cdm dqo due dd ndi len nhQng thdnh to quon h-qng Id tinh yeu, sy cdm thdng, y thuc trdch nhiem ddi vdi eon ngudi Ngudi cd Idng nhdn di Id ngudi cd tdm hdn rdng md, bilt quy trqng ngudi, d l cdm thdng vdi nhQng ngudi bdt hqnh, thudng td khoan dung, luqng, sdn sdng giup oa ngudi khde, Idm bdt dau khd vd dem Iqi niem vui cno nhQng ngudi xung quonh Ngdy nay, xu t h i hdi nhdp vd todn cdu hda, dieu kien nen kinh t l ddt nude vdn hdnh theo co e h i thj trudng cd su qudn li cuo nhd nude, khdng ft nhQng gid trj dong dung trudc nhieu thu thdch gay gdt Vi vdy, gido dye (GD) dqo due, bdi dudng nhdn cdch cho ngudi ddc biet Id t h i he t r i Id dieu kien quon trqng ddm bdo cho sy phdt trien todn dien vd ben vQng cua dd't nude Nhd cd Idng nhdn di md chung ta khdc phyc duqc nhQng mdt trdi cuo co che thi trudng nhu ldi sd'ng fch kl, chqy theo Iqi fch cua ddng tien Bdi vdy, viec gido dye Idng nhdn di (GDLNA) cho eon ngudi ndi chung vd eho t h i he tre ndi rieng Iqi cdng cd y nghTo quon trqng giai doqn hien nov Su cdn thiet GDLNA cho tre mdm non Tre sinh ro dd bdt ddu mdt qud trinh hdo nhdp vdo cdng ddng vd xd hdi lodi ngudi 6e trd thdnh ngudi Mdt nhu cdu ndi trdi cd dnh hudng rd't Idn ^ ' n sy phdt trien eua tre Id «nhu cdu duqc on todn, duqc chdp nhqn, duqc yeu thuong" (2) Sdng h-ong tinh yeu thuong dum bqc khdng nhung Id hqnh phuc cuo t r i tho md cdn Id dilu kien tien quylt Idm ndy nd tinh yeu cuo t r i dd'i vdi mql ngudi xung quonh md khdi dilm quon trqng Id tinh gdn bd me eon Nhu vdy, ddi vdi t r i mdm non, GDLNA cho t r i khdng nhung se tqo nen cdi Tap clii Giao due so (ki i • 7/2011) ThS CHU THI HONG NHUNG* «gdc" dqo due tdt dep vd b i n vQng d tre md cdn Id dqng lye quon trqng 6e t r i phdt triln nhdn cdch theo mdt chieu hudng tfch eye Chung to cdn chdm lo, vun ddp nhQng ddu hieu ban ddu cuo Idng nhdn di eho tre tu tud'i tho, tre bdt ddu cd nhQng quan he vdi mdi trudng xung quanh Dd Id tinh cdm gdn bd vdi eon ngudi, thdi vui ve, chan hdo cuqc sdng, nhQng kinh nghiem ddu tien v l quan he thdn di vdi mqi ngudi (tinh yeu, sy quan tdm, chia s i , ddng cdm, tho thu, giup ) Tu viee hinh thdnh cho tre tinh yeu thuong dd'i vdi eon ngudi vd sy vdt se ddn hinh thdnh d tre nhung tinh cdm dqo 6uc tdt dep Theo PGS TS N g u y i n Anh Tuylt, d luo tud'i mdu gido, tinh cdm cuo tre phdt trien rd't mqnh me dqc biet Id tfnh ddng cdm vd tfnh d l xuc dqng ddi vdi ngudi vd ednh vdt xung quanh Cdc nhd tdm If coi ddy Id qud trinh phdt cdm cuo nhQng xuc cdm thdm mT - dqo 6uc, tuc Id nhQng xuc cdm tfch eye ndy sinh tre t i l p xuc tryc t i l p vdi dieu tdt vd cdi dep, khiln t r i gdn bd tha thilt vdi eon ngudi vd cdnh vdt xung quanh, kfch thfeh tre Idm nhung dieu tdt Idnh d l dem Iqi niem vui cho mqi ngudi GDLNA cho mqi ngudi phdi bdt ddu tu luo tudi mdm non Id thdi diem GD thudn Iqi vd cd hieu qud nhdt Hoy ndi cdch khdc, luo tudi mdu gido Id thdi ki thudn Iqi de GDLNA, bd quo thdi ki ndy khdng quan tdm d i n GDLNA cho tre Id mqt soi Idm nghiem trqng Thye t l eho thdy, hien mqt sd tre duqc b d me nudng chieu, t r i mdi me vui choi theo y thfeh, sd'ng khep kfn md khdng quan tdm d i n ngudi xung quonh ddn d i n hien tuqng tre sd'ng fch ki vd thdm chf vd cdm N l u hien tuqng ndy trd nen phd b i l n se dnh hudng rd't Idn d i n nhdn cdch eua nhieu the he ngudi Viet Nam sou ndy Trong Chuong trinh GD mdm non duqc Bq trudng Bd GD-DT kf ban hdnh theo Thdng tu sd / 0 / n - B G D D T (3), vdn de GDLNA cho t r i mdu gido Id mdt ndi dung trqng tdm iTnh vyc GD tinh cdm vd kT ndng xd ndi, gdm: Bilt * Vien Khoa hoc giao due Viet Nam # yeu mIn vd quon tdm d i n ngudi thdn gio dinh; Biet t h i hien thdi Tl phep, kfnh trqng ong bd, cho me vd ngudi loo ddng qua giao tilp; - Quon tdm, chia si, giup dd bqn; Bllt t h i hien tinh cdm vdi Bde Hd quo hdt, dqc tho, cung cd k l ehuy§n ve Bde; - Bilt nhdn xet vd td thdi vdi hdnh vi «dung" «sal", «tdt" «xdu''; Bllt bdo ve, chdm sdc vdt vd cdy cdl; Bilt ydu quy, bdo ve, glQ gin dd dung, 66 choi thdn thudc Nhu vqy, GDLNA cho tri mdu gido cdn tdp trung vdo nhung nqi dung co bdn sau: - GD t r i bilt quan tdm, giup dd nhOng ngudi gdn gui xung quonh bdng nhQng vlSc Idm cy thi cuqc song hdng ngdy; - GD h i bllt chia si, nhudng nhin; GD d t r i sy ddng cdm (cung vui, cung budn) vdi nhung ngudi xung quanh; - GD tre bilt yeu quy, quon tdm, cndm sdc vdi vdt, dd vdt vd cdy cdi GDLNA cho t r i thong quo gia dinh vd d nhd trudng Mqt nhQng dudng GDLNA vd cung quon trqng Td cdn GD t r i mdi trudng gia dinh Glo dinh Id mdi trudng xd hdi ddu ti§n t r i duqc tilp xuc, vdy gio dinh cd dnh hudng rd't Idn d i n sy hinh thdnh vd phdt triln nhdn cdch eua tri NhQng ngudi thdn gio dinh cd dnh hudng vd tdc ddng hye tilp, thudng xuyen, hdng ngdy d i n h-| Cdc nhd GD N.K CrupxKoio, A.X Mocorenco dIu thua nhdn GD gio dinh ed dnh hudng Idn dd'i vdi sy phdt triln cuo t r i tho, cdc tdc gid cung nhdn mqnh «gia dinh Id noi hun due Idng nhdn di cho tre h> hjd'i mdm non" Tri em sdng hong gio dinh, Hnh yeu thuong thi cung hinh thdnh duqc finh yeu thuong, sy quon tdm vdi nhQng ngudi thdn h-ong gia dinh Vdy mudn hinh thdnh duqc Idng nhdn di d tre em, ede bde cha me cdn dd'i xu nhdn di vdi cdi nhu: Hnh yeu thuong, sy quon tdm, chdm sdc Mdt dudng kndc cung cd dnh hudng rdt Idn d i n viec GDLNA cuo t r i Id GD t r i d hudng mdm non hoqt dqng vui choi md trung tdm Id trd choi ddng voi tfieo chu de «Vui choi Id mdt mdt xfeh ndl lien giQo t r i vd quy tdc dqo 6uc, Idng nhdn di vi nd giup cho qud trinh hinh thdnh cdc phdm chdt doo due diln d l ddnq hon" (4) Cd t h i coi trd choi ddng vai Id mqt hinh thuc giup tre tich eye vd sdng t^o ndm cdc quy tdc hdnh vi dqo due cung n L ede chudn muc dqo due xd hdi Bdng viec trdi nghiem cdc md'l ôMôn l,&fkAôôô ô w^; L ã 4Z ' • L- J cdi hnv r r i ' - "°"' t ? " - ^ ^ ' COI hoy, COI dep h-ong cac moi quon he xo hdi cuo ngudi Idn tu thilt Idp duqc thdi tfch eye VOI cuqc song va mq nguol xung quanh Tren CO so h-l se duqc hqe each ddi xu nhdn ^ di cdc mdi quon he xd hdi khdc nhou cuqc sdng thye Vi vdy, gido vien cdn phdi td chuc cho t r i choi mdt cdch khoa hqe, hqp If, tqo dilu kien eho t r i duqc thye hdnh trdi nghiim cdc hdnh vi nhdn di cdc tinh hudng khde nhau, d nhQng hodn cdnh khdc nhou cuo trd choi thi se tqo nen duqc hi§u qud GD BSn cqnh trd choi ddng vai, nhQng tdc phdm vdn hqe cung Id mdt nhQng phuong tien hQu hieu d l GDLNA eua t r i Tu nhd tre dd duqc ddm minh nhQng cdu chuyen, bdi tho, bdi hdt ru cOo bd vd cuo me Rdi d i n trudng mdm non, hdng ngdy t r i thudng duqc hoc vd nghe rd't nhilu nhQng cdu chuyen, bdi tho hay NhQng tdc phdm vdn hoe dd cu theo t r i , Idn dan len vd trd thdnh mqt phdn tdm hdn t r i , nhu: t r i yeu cd Tdm qud thj cuo bd, yeu chdng Thqch Sonh ddnh thdng Trdn Tinh Tu tinh y§u dd, tre cd mong mudn duqc trd thdnh nhdn vqt hong truyen vd se cd suy nghT vd hdnh ddng tdt gidng nhu nhQng nhdn vdt md t r i yeu thich h> dd se hinh thdnh nhung due Hnh tdt d h i Vdn hoc chfnh Id mdt mdn dn hnh thdn khdng t h i thilu hong duqc ddi sd'ng cuo h-l Tre se hqe duqc nhieu dilu tdt dep mdi hinh dnh cuo nhdn vdt hong tdc phdm vdn hqe «Cdn dqy h i nghe fhudt ty ddt minh vdo cho dung vd tinh t h i cue ngudi khde nhu hilu duqc ndi cue nhqe cuo me, noi uu tu cua cho, hilu duqc su cd don nghlo khd eua bqn be, ndi bdt hqnh cuo eon ngudi rdi ^dn Hnh Idm voi di gdnh ndng dd Ddy Id Dudc di ddu Hen dqy tre biet chia s i , h-dl nghiem vd ddng cam vdi vdn hoc* (5) Chfnh vi vdy, ngudi Idn ^dn dqy t r i bllt hoc cdch yeu thuong, cnia si tu nhung ninh tuqng h-ong vdn hqe, cdn lyo chon nhung tdc phdm vdn hqe hay, dem d i n cho he nhung cdm xuc manh liet ^^'^ hi vd'n d l GDLNA cdn phdi duqc todn ^° ^9^ ^^°^ *dm ddc biet thdi ki hdi nhdp, ^9^^ h-onh nhu hien vd cnung to cdn phdi GDLNA cho t r i h> lua hjoi mdm non.Q ^' ^ " " ^ " ^ ^^^ '^^ ^'^" ^'^"8 Vif t Trung tdm tir diin "^^" "^'^' ^ ' ^ " ^^'"' ^"^"^ '^^ ^^' ^'^' Nam, H 1992 ?^ ^ t ° ^ P ^ " - " ° ' ^ ° "^^"^ ""^^ '"^' Ph^' ''^^"g" n ^ B ' r n n ? r n " ' " ' /"•^''TT -i^^^^rTf^^)^^ ^ " " * * " ' " " " " """' M H , ^ „ H -?h f ' T H • ^^ • K K - ^ ^ (4) Le Minh Thuan Tro choi ddngvai theo chu d^va ^'^*= »''"h nhan cich cho L m i u giao NXB cidodue H 1989 (5) H^ NguySn Kim G.ang Cho tre lam quen v(H tac ph^m vSn hpe, m6t s6' vSn d l h' luSn va thirc tiin NXB Dgi hge qud'c gia, H 2002 Tap eiii Giao due s6 (ki i 7/201 D ... r i d hudng mdm non hoqt dqng vui choi md trung tdm Id trd choi ddng voi tfieo chu de «Vui choi Id mdt mdt xfeh ndl lien giQo t r i vd quy tdc dqo 6uc, Idng nhdn di vi nd giup cho qud trinh hinh... td chuc cho t r i choi mdt cdch khoa hqe, hqp If, tqo dilu kien eho t r i duqc thye hdnh trdi nghiim cdc hdnh vi nhdn di cdc tinh hudng khde nhau, d nhQng hodn cdnh khdc nhou cuo trd choi thi... H • ^^ • K K - ^ ^ (4) Le Minh Thuan Tro choi ddngvai theo chu d^va ^''^*= »''''"h nhan cich cho L m i u giao NXB cidodue H 1989 (5) H^ NguySn Kim G.ang Cho tre lam quen v(H tac ph^m vSn hpe, m6t