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MOT SO VirdNG MAC CAM THAO Cd TRONG DAD TAD SD PDAM NGD VAN DAG DAI DOG VA DAY DOG NGO VAN dTRadNGPHOTHONG O PGS TS DINH TRI DUNG TS D A N G LUU 1 Thuc trqng ddo tqo trong ngdnh N g u vdn ndi chung, n[.]
MOT SO VirdNG MAC CAM THAO Cd TRONG DAD TAD SD PDAM NGD VAN DAG DAI DOG VA DAY DOG NGO VAN dTRadNGPHOTHONG O PGS TS DINH TRI D U N G - T S D A N G LUU- Thuc trqng d d o tqo ngdnh N g u vdn ndi chung, ngdnh Su phgm N g u vdn ndi rigng 1} Do su bien ddi vi ca cd'u KT-XH, nhi/ng ngdnh nhu Y hge, Duqe hgc, Tdi chfnh, Ngdn hdng, Cong nghe hien cd sue thu hut Idn nhd't ddi vdi hgc sinh (HS) trung hge thdng (THPT) Nhung ngdnh ndy dong cd nhu cdu rd't idn ve nhdn lye, ke ed lao dqng cd trinh d d cao vd trinh trung binh Tdt nghiep dgi hgc d mot ngdnh kt thudt ndo d d , chdng hgn Cong nghe thdng Hn, du d trinh ndo, sinh vien (SV) vdn ed the fim duqc viec Idm, vdi muc luong thda thudn Of mot so ngdnh, SV ed the tim viec d ede edng ti nude ngodi, hudng muc luong rdt hd'p dan Ddy Id mdt nhi/ng ddng lye Idn nhd't thue ddy y thue hgc tdp cua HS Cung vdy, ddu vdo eua cdc trudng thugc nhdm ndy khd eoo, tdc ddng tfeh eye ro ret d i n ehdt lugng ddo tgo vd ehudn ddu Ngugc Igi, cde ngdnh thugc khoa hgc x d hgi vd nhdn vdn (KHXH&NV), d d cd Ngir vdn dang Idm vdo tinh h-gng e d m SV t r u i n g phdn Idn khdng ed viec Idm hogc khdng Hm duqc viec diing ngdnh ddo tgo Khdng chi SV he cu nhdn, cd SV he su phqm chinh quy cung rd't khd xin viec Q u a Hm h i l u d mot sd finh bdc mien Trung (Thanh Hda, Nghe A n , Hd Ttnh, Q u d n g Binh ), duqc b i l t , moi ndm, sd ndi vy vd sd GDDT ede finh nhqn duge khdng dudi 200 hd so xin vide d moi mdn, nhung cdc mdn nhu Vdn, Su chi t u y i n dyng xd'pxi vdi chuc hvdng hgp Cd nht/ng SV nop hd so d i n Idn md van khdng duqc tuyen d y n g SV may mdn ed viee thi muc luong qud thdp, khdng du h-ang trdi cugc sd'ng Vi chua cd phucmg dn giai quyet vd'n de ndy nen viec ddi hdi GV phdi tdn tdm, say me nghe nghiep Id d i l u thieu thue t l Tinh trgng trSn td't yeu ddn d i n h^ qud: ngdnh NgCr vdn dd md't sue hdp ddn ddi vdi HS THPT cdc em lya chgn nghe nghiep tuong lai Hdng ndm, so' HS ddng ki thi dqi hqc khd'i C gidm ddn Chfnh vi dieu ndy, diem chudn ngdnh Su phqm ngdy edng thdp, vd vdi ddu vdo nhu vdy, khdng t h i ndi den chd't luqng cua nhi/ng the he thdy cd gido tuong lai Khdng cd thdy gidi d i nhien khdng t h i cd trd gidi Ddy Id mot nhi/ng khdu deh tdc Idn nhd't cua ngdnh Su phgm ndi chung, ngdnh N g i / vdn noi rieng rdt cdn duqc tdp trung thdo go 2) Chuong trinh ddo tgo cua ngdnh Su phgm bien cdn nbiiu bat cap Ca edu chuong trinh chung gdm: nhi/ng mdn chung (cac mdn khoo hqc Mdc-Lenin, cdc mdn chung khd'i ngdnh), nhirng mdn co sd ngdnh vd chuyen ngdnh (Lf ludn vdn hge, Vdn hqe Viet N a m edc thdi ki, Vdn hgc nude ngodi, Ngdn ngu hgc vd Viet ngir hge), nghiep vy su f ^ g m (NVSP) (Tdm If hgc, Gido dye hqc, phuong phdp dqy hgc (PPDH) b q mdn) Ngodi viec hge li thuyet, SV cdn di thuc te (kiln tap vd thyc tdp su phgm) Nhung xet tuong quan, thdi gian ddnh eho viec hge nghe (nghe dgy hqc} cua SV Id chua thfch ddng Ddo tgo NVSP van cdn ndng ve If thuylt md chua coi trgng thyc hdnh N d m ndo cung cd hien tuqng d i n ndm thu tu, Hin hdnh tdp gidng, gidng viSn (GV} mdi phdt hi§n ed nhi/ng SV khdng cd khd ndng ndi, dien dqt trdi ehdy mdt vd'n d l Thu so sdnh, cung Id ddo tgo nghe, nhung d ngdnh Y, sy gdn k i t gii/a If thuyet voi thyc hdnh duqc dgt muc eao hem Sou nhi/ng g i d hgc If thuyet tren kfrp, SV duge thye tdp d cdc bdnh vien, vdi ehuyen khoa md minh theo hqe GV eua * Tnrong Bai hoc Violi Tap chi Giao due so 7 (b i • i/aoia) trudng dqi hqe cd the kiem nhiem ehuc danh d mdt khoo cua benh vien G i d giao ban d khoo, SV phdi thorn d u de nghe edc thdy cd - ddng thdi Id bdc st dieu trj - hdi chdn, phdn tfch cdc trudng hgp ey t h i , neu cdc phuong dn d i l u trj Dr nhign, moi ngdnh co dde thu rieng, song neu SV ngdnh Su phgm duge thdm nhgp sdu hem thye t e d q y hgc d p h d thdng, dugc tham d y nhieu hem vdo sinh hogtchuySn mdn cOo bqe hqc ndy, chdc chdn trinh d d nghidp vy ciia cde em se dugc ndng len ro rdt 3) Ddo tgo NVSP vSn chua cdp nhgt thdng tin gido dye bgc bien dgi cung nhu thdng tin ve PPDH cuo cde nen gido dye Hdn H i n T b I gidi da ed nhirng thay ddi co bdn ve triet If gido dye, chien luge gido dye Chung ta khdng t h i quay lung vdi nhi/ng tu tudng mdi me, tien b d , nhd't Id sy hqi nhqp ve kinh te, khoa hqc kt thudt, vdn hda, gido dye Id le sdng edn Trong cudn Bdy tri thuc td't y e u cho nen g i d o dye t u o n g l a i , Edgar M o r i n - mdt nhirng chuydn gio hdng ddu cOa UNESCO - d d neu nhi/ng vd'n de rdt bue t h i l t , hien d q i , khdng he xa Ig vdi gido dye cua nude ta Od Id: Nhi/ng nguyen tac de cd mdt nhgn thuc tbich ddng; Gidng dgy ve hodn ednh ngudi; Gidng dgy cdn eude dia cdu; Ducmg ddu vdi nhi/ng bdt xdc dinh; Gidng dgy su tbdng cdm; E>go If eua nbdn /og/ (1) NhOng quan diem ed tfnh dot phd, phu hqp vdi moi n e n g i d o d y e t r d n t h e g i o i thdi d g i todn cdu hda nhu vdy khdng the thieu hdnh trang eua SV ngdnh su phqm Ngir v d n , neu chung ta khdng mud'n cd mdt the he g i d o vien tut hdu Ben cgnh d d , SV Su phgm N g i / van cung rd't edn nhi/ng thdng Hn ve cde n i n gido dye tien tien tren t h i gidi (nhu Hdn Qudc, Singapore, Phdn Lan, ), ed the tham khdo trdn mqng Internet, de «nhin ngudi, b i l t to" Khdng cd If g i , nhi/ng bq phim, iihung bdn nhqe, nhirng ca khue h-ong nen vdn hoa duong dqi phuong Tdy duqc t h i he trd Hdp nhdn de d d n g , chuyen d g y hge nhd trudng cdc nude phdt t r i l n , SV su phqm Iqi khdng h i biet din M d t thyc te nua Id, hien nay, gido Kinh PPDH ngdnh N g u vdn visa ehua bdt kjp vdi ydu cdu dd'i mdi, vuo t h i l u sy ddng bd N h i m g gido su gidu kinh nghiem nhd't ngdnh PPDH cung Tap chi Giao due s6 7 (ki i - i/aoia) phdi thua nhdn dieu ndy O bdc THPT, SGK ngi/ vdn bien sogn theo Hnh thdn tieh h c ^ d d dp dyng dgi trd mdy ndm nay, song gido trinh PPDH mdn Vdn bgc, Tiing ViStva Ldm vdn vdn Id gido trinh eu, Krong ung vdi ndi dung SGK hqp nhdt ndm 2000 Van biet, cdc GV bg mdn ndy d cdc trudng dgt hge ed bdi gidng duqe bidn soon theo chuong trinh vd SGK mdi, song nhCrng tdi lieu dy vdn ehua dugc xud't bdn nhu nhung gido trinh, vgy, cdc gido trinh cu vdn Id nhOng tdi lieu tham khdo ehfnh Dieu ndy dnh hudng khdng nhd den vide tiep eqn ede PPDH mdi cOa SV Vd'n d e d g y hqe Ngtf vdn nhd trudng p h d thdng hien 1} Mdn Ngu vdn (cung nhu mdt so mdn KHXH) dong chju nhung d p lye bdt Igi, ngodi thue trgng hudng nghiep d d neu trdn edn nhOng dp lye den tu mat trdi cua tdm If xd hdi nen kinh te tbj trudng bieu hien khdi qudt d mdy diem: a) Sy sung bdi vdt chd't, kt thudt; b) Tdm If hudng thy, bdt chude, hgc ddi; c) Sy suy ddi dqo due vd sy xudng cd'p cuo ede gid trj vdn hda; d) Sy Idn ngdi eua ddng h i n , lo'y ddng Hen Idm thude cdc gid t n ; e) Xem nhe edc y e j to truyen thd'ng Trong bdi ednh dy, nhirng noi dung nhdn vdn thudng dugc de cap dqy hqe ngir vdn ed trd thdnh Iqe dieu G i d day, de tam hdn HS rung dqng quo nhi/ng g i d dqy vdn Id dieu vo eClng khd khdn Mdy ndm trudc, d u lugn xdn xao ve trudng hqp mdt HS gidi vdn hi hodn todn vd edm Kude bdi «Vdn te ngbla sTCdn Giudc" eOo Nguyen Dinh Chieu Chdc chdn, khdng phdi Id trudng hgp cd biet 2} Trinb GV chua tbeo kjp nhung thay ddi cua chuong trinb, SGK vd nhung bien dgng nhieu mat cua ddi song hien dgi Khodng vdi chye ndm trd Iqi day, chuong h-inh vd SGK THPT thudng xuyen cd su thay d d i Dieu ddng quan tdm Id, ede dot thay sdch nhu the, nhin chung, dqi ngu gido vien ludn roi vdo Hnh trgng thy dqng Du Bd GD-DT vd cdc sd cd cde ehuyen de bdi dudng thay sdch d nhChig phgm vi vd quy md khde nhau, song, tu tudng cuo cde sogn gid vdn khong duqc truyin dgt vd finh hgi chfnh xdc V i dy: sdch N g u vdn THPT hien hdnh cd hai ydu cdu h i t sue eo bdn, gdn vdi hai khdi niem: tich hqp vd tfch eye Nhung thu hdi, bao nhieu phdn trdm GV ngCr vdn hien h i l u duge ddy du vd vdn dyng vdo thyc te dgy hgc nhi/ng phuong phdp m d i , uu viet hdn so v6i nhCrng phucmg phdp trudc? Do Id chua ndi, bg sdch ngCr vdn THPT hien cd khdng ft tri thuc mdi duge cdp nhdt md vdi nhCrng GV d d c6 khodng hon ehue ndm nghe Id h i t sue Iq Idm (Chdng hgn, edc bdi Tieng Viet su dyng khd phd bien tri thirc dyng hgc) Cung vqy, GV ngO vdn hien neu khdng ed y riiue ty hgc vd ty nghidn cuu se rdt d i Iqc hdu vdi nhirng vdn de cua cugc sdng hien dqi Trong SGK, nhi/ng vdn bdn nhgt dyng nhu: Den vdi hien dgi tu truyen tbdng (Trdn Dinh Hugu), Tu he thdng, ngudn sue sdng cua ddi mdi tu (Phan Dinh Dieu), Con dudng trd tbdnh ke s7 bi$n dgi (Nguyin Khdc Vien) Id nhi/ng bdi rat khd, khdng ehi vdi HS, md vdi ed GV 3} Su hgn cbe gon ket giua trudng pbd tbdng vdi gido due dgi hge cung Id nguyen nhdn ddn tdi chd't luqng dqy hqc ngu vdn cdn thdp Nhu cdu gdn ket phdi the hien Kr hoi phia Dd'i vdi trudng dqi hqc, su gdn gui, am hieu hoqt dqng dgy hgc d phd thdng Id tien de de xdy dyng chuong trinh vd sogn thdo gido Kinh phuong phdp hqp Thieu dieu kien ndy, ede gido trinh phucmg phdp se nqng Knh hdn Idm, nghieng v l li thuyet md thieu co sd thyc t i i n , vqy hieu qud ddo tgo nghiep vy khong cao Trude ddy, truong dodn k i l n tdp hode thyc tap su phgm thudng Id GV phucmg phdp vd mdi djp duo SV ve edng tdc d cde trudng Id co hdi de GV thdm nhgp thye te thdng Tiec rdng, hien nay, nhieu trudng dgi hgc d d thay doi hinh thue ehf dqo thyc tap, gui thdng SV xudng cde trudng Viec di thyc te phd thdng hien tgi cung khdng Id yeu edu bdt budc ddi vdi GV Dieu ndy ddn d i n mot bdt cdp: nhieu GV dgi hge thieu hdn sy hieu biet v l tUuc te gido dye d bde thdng Cde trudng phd thdng hien khdng the hien ro nhu cdu gdn k i t vai trudng dqi hgc Nhung nhiem vy md trudng phdi thyc hien thi ede GV ddm trdch, md GV Igi thudng Kr thd'y du khd ndng cua minh Do vdy, n l u gap khd Widn ve chuyen mdn thi trudng dgi hqc cung khdng phdi Id noi hg edn quan he de thdo g o Thi thodng, trudng dgi hgc td ehuc hgi thdo khoa hgc ve dgy hgc bd mdn, cd thu hut GV phd thdng tham g i a , nhung nhung hogtdong nhu t h i cung chi mong tinh thdi diem Su phdi hgp giCra ede trudng phd thong vdi dgi ngu GV dgi hge nhdt Id nhiJng ngudi Idm phuong phdp - dd khdng dugc tri Tgo sy each bue giC/o bde phd thdng vd dqi hqe edn chuong trinh giua hoi bqe hgc thieu tinh lien thdng Khi xay dung chuong trinh ddnh cho SV he su phqm, dudng nhu cde trudng dqi hgc khdng quan tdm d phd thdng ngudi ta dqy cdi g i , d q y nhu the ndo Ngugc lgi, xdy dung chuong trinh mdn NgQ van cho cd'p THPT, tri thue cuo cdp THCS mdi Id dieu dgi ngu bien sogn thdy edn tham khdo O d d y , nguydn tde ke thua dugc dgt eao hon nguyen tdc phdt trien Quon diem ndy khong sai, nhung no edng gdp phdn ddy xa khodng cdch chuong trinh cua hai bqe hgc Cdn thdng thdn nhgn djnh rdng, nhCmg vd'n ngn cua ngdnh Su phgm NgCr vdn d nude to hien nay, co nhung vdn de thuc su qud tdm cua ngdnh gido dye Thay dd'i tdm li x d hqi the hien vide chgn nghe, gidi quyd't tinh trqng that nghiep ciia SV ngdnh Su phgm, cdn bdng thu nhgp giCra n g h l dgy hqc vdi nhung nghe nghiep khde Id nhCrng cdu chuyen nan gidi, ddi hdi mot chien luge Idu ddi eua Nhd nude, cuo Chfnh phu ehu khdng ehi Id nhiem vy ridng euo ngdnh Ben cgnh dd, cung cd nhCrng vdn de ndm tdm gidi quyd't euo ede Kudng dgi hge, edc cd'p qudn li gido dye Co dieu, Widng the gidi quyet triet de vd'n de neu chf dung nhirng bien phdp eye b d , nhd le, chdp vd md cdn van dyng ddng bg cde gidi phdp nhdm tgo hieu qud tfch cue d {1) Edgar Morin (Nguyin H61 Thu dich) Bay tri tliuc tat yeu cho n^n giao due tuxmg lai NXB Tri thiic, H 2008 SUMMARY Currently, training philology teachers in universities as well as teaching philology in secondary schools are facing many challenges to be addressed Within many reasons, we can mention the impact of structural economic and social changes, the lack of updated morden education, inadequacies of program in training teachers, no logical program coherence between universities and schools Insufficiency of philology teachers for changes of program and texttxDOk The paper initialy deals with some difficulties and the solutions for the problems that interest education managers and others Tap ehi Giao due so 7 (ki i - vaoia) ... tien b d , nhd''t Id sy hqi nhqp ve kinh te, khoa hqc kt thudt, vdn hda, gido dye Id le sdng edn Trong cudn Bdy tri thuc td''t y e u cho nen g i d o dye t u o n g l a i , Edgar M o r i n - mdt nhirng... ngdi eua ddng h i n , lo''y ddng Hen Idm thude cdc gid t n ; e) Xem nhe edc y e j to truyen thd''ng Trong bdi ednh dy, nhirng noi dung nhdn vdn thudng dugc de cap dqy hqe ngir vdn ed trd thdnh Iqe... ed y riiue ty hgc vd ty nghidn cuu se rdt d i Iqc hdu vdi nhirng vdn de cua cugc sdng hien dqi Trong SGK, nhi/ng vdn bdn nhgt dyng nhu: Den vdi hien dgi tu truyen tbdng (Trdn Dinh Hugu), Tu he