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»)art i4nHiru K h o a hpc Gi^o duo XAC DjNH Ndi DUNG HOC TAP VI SU PHAT TRIEN BEN V Q N G or TRUNG TAM HOC TAP CONG D 6 N G Hien nay ph I t trien b i n vCffig (PTBV) dang trd t h l nh v l n de quan tr[.]
»)arti4nHiru- - K h o a h p c Gi^o d u o XAC DjNH Ndi DUNG HOC TAP VI SU PHAT TRIEN BEN or TRUNG TAM HOC TAP CONG D N G VQNG ThS BE HdNG HAKH Trung tam nghien cufu Giao due khong chinli quy H ien p h I t trien b i n vCffig (PTBV) dang trd t h l n h v l n de quan trprig, cap bach ma tat e l d e qudc gia deu p h l i quan t i m G i l o due la nen t i n g cho sU PTBV, la eon dUdng dl den su PTBV Lien Hpp Qudc da khdi xudng Thap kl g i l o due PTBV (20052014), hudng tdi mue t i l u thuc day glao due vdi vai trd la n I n t i n g cho mdt xa hdi b i n vCfng hdn TrUdc yeu cau PTBV cua d c nude tren the gidi va khu vuc, UNESCO da d l xuat 15 npi dung g i l o due vi sUPTBV Nhieu nudc da va dang nghien cCfu bien soan e l c t l i l i l u g i l o due vi sU PTBV va elch trien khai d c ndi dung dd.Djnh hudng c h i l n lupc PTBV dViit Nam (hay gpi I I ChUPng trinh nghj sU 21 cCia Viet Nam) da xay dung ke hoach nam cdn lai eua t h I p kl, m o t ndi dung quan trpng d n dupe d^y manh, d d la: Tich hap, long ghep gido due PTBV vdo edc chuang trinh gido due ehinh quy vd phi ehinh quy vd tdng cudng gido due khdng chinh quy S i f c a n t h i e t cCia viee xac d i n h npi d u n g hoc t a p VI sU PTBV dr t r u n g t a m hpc t d p cong dong Trung t i m hpc tap edng ddng (TTHTCD) la m d hinh giao due d l va dang dupc p h I t trien, tri va c u n g c d d V i l t N a m C h i s a u g a n 10 nam hinh v l p h I t trien, TTHTCD da dUpc danh g i l I I m d hinh cd hieu q u i v i l e tao c d hdi hpc tap t h u d n g xuyen, hpe tap suot ddi cho mpi ngudi dan d edng ddng, gdp phan nang eao dan tri, bdi dudng nguon nhan luc TTHTCD cung la m d t ed sd glao due rat phu hdp va tien Ipi cho viec trien khai thUe hien elc chUdng trinh giao due hudng tdi PTBV Hien nay, c l nUdc da cd 9990 TTHTCO ( t h i n g 8/2010) Tuy n h i l n , chat lUdng va hieu q u i hoat ddng cua d c TTHTCD cdn ed nhCfng han che, bat cap CIc TTHTCO dang p h l i ddi mat vdi khdng it khd k h I n , thach thCfc Trong dd, v i l e xac djnh nhUng ndi dung hpc t i p cung la m o t t h i c h thUe Idn Ndi dung hpc tap d d c T T H T C D hien chua that sUda dang, phong phu, chUa d i p uYig dupc nhu d u d n gl hpc cOa mpi ngUdl dan Vlec x l c djnh va t h i l t ke nhUng not d u n g hpc tap vi su PTBV cho ngudi dan cong ddng chUa dupe quan t i m , chu y VI the, ndi dung hpc t i p chua that s u d i p Ofng dupe yeu d u v l PTBV cua cdng d d n g , ^ a phuang K H G D s 6 , thdng - 2011 KhIc vdi n h l trudng chinh quy, d TTHTCD, chUdng trinh va ndi dung hpe tap thudng I I eae dia phuong, dcTTHTCD tUxay dUng t r I n cdsd y l u d u p h I t trien kinh te - x l hdi eua dja phUdng, cua edng ddng va nhu eau hpc tap cua ngudi dan, t r d mdt sd chuong trinh giao due qude gia de lay van bang, chUng chl Ngudi hpe dTTHTCD I I h o l n t o l n t u nguyen, hpe theo nhu d u , sdthieh.Trong do, mdi edng ddng lai ed nhCfng d i e diem, d i l u kien p h I t trien rilng n I n khdng the ed mot ehUdng trinh chung, phu hpp vdi tat ca dcTTHTCD Chinh vl vay, ndi dung hpc tap eua tUng TTHTCO p h l i h i t sCfc t h i l t thuc, phu hpp vdi nhu d u cua ngudi hpc, p h l i giup ngUdi hpe giai quyet dUpc eae van de bUe xue, nhUng khd k h I n ddi sdng, Iao ddng san xuat eua ehinh ngUdi dan edng ddng NhUvay, qua trinh td ehUe thUe hien cac hoat ddng dTTHTCD, v i l e xle dinh dUpe ele ndi dung hpe t i p phu hdp la rat quan trpng v l can t h i l t Khi ed ndi dung hpc tap thiet thue, phu hdp TTHTCD mdi thu hut va huy ddng dupc nhieu ngudi dan tham gia hpc tap, gdp phan nang cao chat lupng va hieu qua hoat ddng eua TTHTCO M o t so noi d u n g hoc t a p vl sir PTBV TTHTCO Cle TTHTCD neu mudn huy ddng ngUdi dan tham gia tfeh eUe va cd hieu qua vao PTBV, can p h l i eung d p cho ho nhUng chuong trinh giao due mang djnh hudng PTBV Hien nay, d edng ddng, ngudi dan khdng chl d n dupe cung d p nhCfng thdng tin, k i l n thUe, kT n l n g can thiet ma hp phai dupc ren Iuyen va nang cao n l n g lUe van dung, g i l i q u y l t d c van d l eua PTBV Hp khdng chi d n biet d c h lam kinh te, lam giau m l hp cdn d n p h l i b i l t h i n h ddng cd h i l u q u i de bao ve mdi trudng, phai cd hieu b i l t ve cac van de van hda - x l hdi, b i l t phdng chdng elc t l nan xa hdi, b i l t cham sdc sUc khde, biet phdng, chdng d c djch benh, b i l t ddi nhan XLT t h i , biet tdn trpng gia tri truyen thdng va ban sic van hda eua d i n toe, NhUvay, ed rat nhieu ndi dung hpc tap d n dUdc b i l n , tuyen truyen cho ngUdi dan dTTHTCD va nhCfng npi dung hpc tap n l y d n p h l i dap Ung dUpc d c yeu d u nhU: Y l u d u ve PTBV cua cdng dong, dia phUdng 45 Khoa hpc Gido due - Yeu d u v l PTBV eua qude gia, khu vUe v l toan ngudi din va nlng, dilu kiln thUc hien cua dc du TTHTCD Ylu eau dam bio d c ndi dung eo bin eua giao Dim bio su ket hpp chat che, Idng ghep vdi due PTBV elc hoat ddng, cac ehudng trinh tuyen truyen, gilo due, eua cle ban nglnh, doln the, ehUang trinh, dU Ylu cau dam bao dap Ung nhu d u hpe tap eua In d tai dja phuong d l trlnh chdng cheo, ling phf ngUdi dan d cdng ddng 3.2 Cac budc tiin hdnh: Khi xlc dinh ndi dung Ylu d u dim bao gili quylt nhCfng khd khIn, hoc tap vi sU PTBV dcTTHTCD can tiln hinh theo thach thdc cOa thue tien ele budc: 3.2.1 Tim hieu Chucfng trinh gido due ddp Un Vdi ele ylu d u tren, ndi dung hpc tap vi sU yiu edu cua ngUdi hgc, cap nhdt kiin thUe, ki ndn PTBV d TTHTCD d n bao gdm ele npi dung hpc tap thudc d e ITnh vuc cd ban cua ddi sdng, d c ITnh chuyin giao edng nghi cua qudegia Muc dich: tim hilu Chuong trinh gilo due dap vUc nly da v l dang cd vai trd quan trpng vile dim bio sU PTBV eua tUng qudc gia, cdng ddng Cfng ylu d u cua ngudi hpe, cap nhat kiln thiifc; giai doan hien nay, la cac ITnh vuc: kinh t l ,kT nang, chuyen giao edng nghe eua trung Udng, vln hda- xl hdi, mdi trudng, sdc khde, phap luat Vi nham soat va lua chpn elc ele npi dung hpc tip vly, cleTTHTCO d n td ehUe eho ngUdi din hpe tap vl su PTBV phu hpp vdi dja phUdng nhOng ITnh vUe thudc d c ndi dung sau: PhUdng phlp: nghiin cUu tai lilu, phln tich, so sinh, tdng hpp Ndi dung giao due PhIt trien kinh te CIch tien hinh: Ndi dung giao due Van hda- xa hdi Phan cdng ngUdi rl solt theo theo nhdm Ndi dung gilo due Bao v l sUe khde chuyin slu Trong ChUdng trinh giao due dip Cfng Npi dung gilo due Phap luat yeu d u eua ngUdi hpe, cap nhat kiln thdc, kT nlng, Ndi dung gilo due Bio ve mdi trUdng chuyin giao edng nghl eua qudc gia cd ehUdng NhCfng ndi dung hpc tap vi su PTBV dTTHTCD trinh nhd thupe ITnh vUc npl dung Moi nhdm khdng la bat bien m l ludn phai dupc thay ddi, cap chju trach nhiem rl solt npl dung cCia mdt chUdng nhat d l dip Ung ele yeu cau ve PTBV cCia cdng trinh ddng theo tC/ng thdi dilm, tUng glai doan lich sCf TUng nhdm tien hanh dpc, soat va ehpn dc khIc Tuy theo dilu kien, dae diem rilng cua tCmg cdng ddng, dja phuong, ele TTHTCD se xac ndi dung hpc tap phu hpp vdi dja phUcffig minh Trao ddi v l thdng nhat y kiln giUa ele nhdm dinh nhuhg ndi dung hpc tap eu the thupe ele linh vUe ndi dung trIn phu hdp vdi ylu d u PTBV cua 3.2.2.Tim hieu dinh hudng phdt trien kinh te - x edng ddng, dja phUdng hdi eua dia phuang Mue dich: tim hieu dinh hudng phIt trien kinh Caeh xae djnh npi dung hpc tap vi sU te, van hda - xa hdi va hidl trUdng d dia phUdng phat trien ben vufng cfTTHTCD De xac djnh ndi dung hoe tap vi su PTBV, ele thdng qua cac van bin ehi dao, d c bao d o tdng TTHTCD d n quan triet mot sd ylu d u cd bin v l ed kit v l phuong hudng cdng tic eua Ding, ehinh quyen elc d p , cua cac ban nganh, doln the d dja the tiln hinh theo cac bude sau: phUemg, de ed co sd cho vile xlc dinh ndi dung 3.1 Yiu cau cdn qudn triit: Mdt sd ylu cau can hpe tap vl sU PTBV dTTHTCD dUdc quIn trilt xle dinh ndi dung hoc tap vi sU Phuang phap: phuong phlp nghiin cUu, hdi PTBV dTTHTCD, dd la: eCfu d c tu lilu, bao clo, phuang phlp ehuyin gia, Dim bio sutham gia, llm chO cua cdng ddng tpa dam, hdi thIo vIo vile xlc djnh npl dung hpc tap Vile xlc dinh Caeh tien hanh: ndi dung hpc tap vi su PTBV d TTHTCO d n ed sU tham gia cua d c phan: Lanh dao xl; dai dien d c ban, nglnh, doan the, td chUe xa hdi; d c gil lang/ trudng ban/thdn/ ap va dai dien ngUdi dan Dim bio tinh phu hpp, thi cCia elc ndi dung hpc tap Cac ndi dung hpc tap vi sU PTBV dTTHTCD d n phu hc^ vd\ ylu d u PTBV cua dia phUdng, cdng ddng, vdi d c nhu cau hpc tap Uu tiln cua 46 Thu thap elc vln bin chl dao, d c bao d o tong kit va phuang hudng cdng tac eua Ding, chinh quyIn d c d p , cua elc ban nganh, doan the dia phuong Ope v l phln tfeh, rut nhCfng kit luan ehinh v l dinh hudng phIt triln kinh t l , van hda - x l hdi va mdi trudng d dja phuong KHGD s6 69, thdng - 20lT MiliJUihj- Khoa hpc Giao due Cle nhdm bio d o kit qui lam vlec; trao ddi va thdng nhat y kiln giUa ele nhdm 3.2.5 Rd soat edc ndi dung dd duac hoc tdp d TTHTCD Mue dich: rl solt cac npi dung da dupe hpc d TTHTCD thdng qua ban k l hoach hoat ddng va bao clo tdng ket edng tic hang nam cCia TTHTCD, tim hieu npi dung nao d l hpe, npi dung nIo ehua cd d n bd sung, de ed ed sd de xuat d c ndi dung Phuang phap: phuang phlp nghiin edu tai lieu, hpc tap visU PTBV phln tich, so sinh, tong hpp; quan sit, dieu tra Phuong phlp: phuong phlp nghien cCfu tli Caeh tien hanh: lieu, sd lilu, bIng bieu thdng kl, phuong phlp Dpc va tim hieu kTdinh hudng phat trien kinh nghiin cUu thuc tien: ^eu tra khIo sat bang philu hdi, phdng vln sau, tpa dim, thIo luin nhdm Ddi tl, van hda - xa hdi va mdi trudng d dja phUdng Phan tfeh nhUng yeu d u PTBV cCia dja phUdng, tupng d n dieu tra, khIo sit la nhOfrig ngUc^ trUe cdng ddng de tim dUOc nhCfng diem ndi bat quan tilp chl dao va nhCfng ngudi true tiep thuc hien vile trpng yeu cau PTBV cCia i^a phuong, cdng xac dinh npi dung hpc tap vl su PTBV dTTHTCD cCia dia phuang v l d nhCfng ngudi din, nhCfng ngudi ddng d l tham gia hpe tap dTTHTCD 3.2.4 Tim hiiu nhu edu hoc tdp eua ngUdi ddn d CIch tiln hinh: TTHTCD Chia d c nhdm chuyen sau: Nhdm chuyin Muc dich: tim hilu nhu d u hpc tap cua ngucn' nghien euXi/hdi cCfu tu lilu; nhdm chuyin dleu tra, din d dcTTHTCD dja ban, ddi chieu, so sinh khao sit, to ehUe tpa dim, phdng van, vdi ylu d u PTBV eua cdng ddng, dja phuong, de cd cd sd d l xuat d c ndi dung hoc tap vi su PTBV d Nhdm nghiln/hdi eCfu tu lilu se thu thap va TTHTCO tim hieu k l hoach hoat ddng va bio clo tdng kit Phuong phlp: phuang phap nghiin eUu t l i lieu, edng tic hang nam eua TTHTCO Qua do, tim hieu sd lieu, bIng biiu thdng kl, phUdng phlp nghien npi dung nIo da hpc, npl dung nao ehUa ed d n bd ctili thue tien (dilu tra khIo sit bang philu hdi, sung, phdng vln slu, tpa dim, thIo luan nhdm) Ngoai Nhdm dieu tra, khao sat se gap gd v l dilu ra, ed the sCf dung phUdng phap dinh gil nhanh tra, khIo sit dai dien d n bd quIn If, GV/HDV eua ndng thdn cd sU tham gia cua ngUdi dan, thdng TTHTCD va dai diln nhUng ngUdi dan da tham gia qua mdt sd kT thuat cdng ddng nhU: ve so thdn hpc tap dTTHTCD; tim hilu ndi dung nIo d l hpc, bin (tinh hinh giao due, din sd, benh tat chan ndi dung nIo chUa ed d n bd sung, nudi), xly dung so cay (vl nguyin nhin, hau CIc nhdm trao doi v l thdng nhat y kiln giOa d c qui, thue trang cua mu ehCf, eCia sinh de khdng ke nhdm va rut kit luan ve eae ndi dung d l hpc va hoach, khdng tin phi rung, huy hoai mdi trUdng), nhUng ndi dung eon thilu d n bo sung xly dung Ijch ndng nghiep, Ijch benh tat, xay dUng 3.2.6 Di xuat ndi dung hoc tdp vl su PTBV d ma tran, sip xep thuf hang, TTHTCD CIch tiln hinh: Mue dfch: 6e xuat ele npi dung hpc tap phu hdp Chia thlnh d c nhdm ehuyin sau: Nhdm chuyin vdi ylu cau PTBV cua cdng ddng v l nhu d u hpe nghien cdu/hdi cuU tU lieu; nhdm chuyen dilu tra, tap cua ngUdi dan d edng ddng; du kiln d c dieu khIo sit, to chUe tpa dam, phdng v^n, kiln thue hien va eleh thUe thUe hien ele ndi dung Nhdm nghien/hdi cufu tu lieu se thu thap v l hpe tap vi sii PTBV dTTHTCD phan tich cac bao d o , sd lieu, bIng bieu thong ke PhUdng phlp: tpa dim, thIo luan nhdm, cd the Qua dd, rut nhOfng kit luan ve nhu cau hpc tap SLf dung mot sd kT thuat cdng ddng nhU; xay dung cua ngUdi dan dcdng ddng ma tran, sap xep thCf hang, Nhdm dilu tra, khIo sit se gap gd v l dieu tra, CIch tiln hanh: khIo sit nhCfng ddi tupng nhU can bd xa, d n bd Nhdm cle vien d l xuat npi dung hpc tap thdn/xdm va dal diln ngudi dan;xi!f If, phan tich kit qui dieu tra, khIo sat va nit nhCfng kit luan ve thIo luan, trao doi v l elc ndi dung hpe tap cdn thleu d n thilt phli bd sung nhu d u hpc tap eua ngUdi din dcdng ddng ^ 3.2.3 Xac ^nh nhCfhg yeu d u PTBV cUa cdng dong, dja phUdng Mue dich: xle dinh nhCfng ylu d u PTBV ciia edng ddng, dia phUdng thdng qua dinh hUdng phIt triln kinii te, van hda - xa hdi va mdi trudng eua dja phUdng v l qua tinh hinh thUe t l v l phat trien bin vCfng d dja phUdng, cdng ddng, d l cd ca sd d l xuat elc ndi dung hoc t i p vi su PTBV d TTHTCD KHGD sd 69, thang - 2011 47 K h o a hpc Gido d u e X l c dinh, de xuat nhCfng ndi dung hpc tap phu hpp vdi yeu d u PTBV eua dia phuong, cdng ddng, vdi nhu d u eua ngudi hoe, vdi dieu kien thUe te cua TTHTCD Oy ban qude gia ve thap kl giao due vi phat t r i l n b i n vCfng eua Viet Nam "Chuang trlnh hdnh dgng qudc gia vi gido due vi suphdt trien ben vC^g (2006-2014)" Ha mi.2609 S i p xep thU t u Uu tien d c ndi dung can hpc tap phu hpp vdi yeu d u PTBV cua dia phuang, cua edng ddng, vdi nhu d u eua ngUdi hpe, vdi d i l u k i l n thUe t l cua TTHTCD UNESCO, "Thap kl g i l o dye VI suphattrien ben vCfng L i l n hop qude 2005 - 2014" H I Ndi, 2005 X l y dung k l hoach hpc tap, d u k i l n d c d i l u kien thuehien Nhu vly, de n l n g eao ehat lUpng hoat ddng d TTHTCO, gdp phan PTBV d dia phUdng, cleTTHTCO can p h l i xac djnh nhCfng npi dung hpc tap t h i l t thuc, phu hpp vdi nhu d u eua ngudi hpc, y l u d u phat t r i l n kinh t l - x l hdi eua dia phUPng va hUdng tdi yeu eau ve PTBV eua edng ddng, dat nude CIch x l e dinh ndi dung hpe tap vi su PTBV d TTHTCD tren day da dupc thuc hien d dcTTHTCD cUa tinh Hda Binh va d i e d k i t qua bUdc dau Cle TTHTCO d ele dja phUdng ed the linh hoat van dung v I o d i l u k i l n thue t l eua tUng dia phUdng Tai lieu tham khao Cong hda xa hdi chu nghTa Viet Nam ( t h i n g 10 nam 2009), "Djnh hudng chien luge phdt trien bin vi/lngd Wet A/am" (ChUPng trinh nghj sU 21 eua Viet Nam) (Tai ban Ian thU 3), Ha Ndi HINH THANH (Tiip theo trang 62) hieu tinh chat v l ed sd cCia quy tac nham LUa chpn d c dang bai tap de HS cd eo hdi thuc hanh tinh nham Chang han quy t i e nham eae sd trdn chue, trdn tram , nhan vdi 10, 100, 1000 h o l e quy t i e nhan nham vdi 1 , Nhu vay, de HS hinh dupe kT nang tinh t o l n can lam eho HS hieu dupe khIi niem p h l p tinh, e l c kT thuat tinh v l Iuyen tap d l tinh dupe dung va t h l n h thao Ngoai ra, e l c hinh thUe td chufe day hpe eung t i c ddng khdng nhd den viec ren Iuyen kT n l n g tinh toan eua t r i Ngoai nhCfng hinh thCfc n h u hpc ca n h i n , hpc theo nhdm, GV n I n t d chUe ele trd ehPi hpc tap Day I I mot hinh thufc day hpe rat phu hpp vdi hpe sinh TH, t l i u hut Suae sUtham gia eua hpc sinh, g l y hCfng t h u va lam g i l m sU met mdi hpc tap H o l e t d ehdc d c hoat ddng thuc h i n h T o l n ngoai Idp hpe nhuthUe hanh dp dal, SLf dung cac dung cu dai lUdng, t h u t h I p sd lieu, tfnh t o l n tren d c sd lieu dd, Odi mdi v i l e td ehCfc day hpc tang k h i n l n g Iuyen tap, thUe h i n h de hinh kT nang tfnh t o l n eho HS d t i l u hpc chae chan giup eho elc gid Bp G i l o due va Dao tao, "Quy che vi td chUc vd hogt dgng eua trung tdm HTCD xd, phUdng, thi trdn".200B 5.Trung tam N g h i i n eUu G i l o due khdng ehinh quy, Vien Khoa hpe G i l o due Viet Nam, "Sdtayphdt trien trung tdm hgc tap cong dong ben vdng", 2009 SUMMARY Sustainable development Is an important issue for alt nations, therefore the identification of learning contents on Sustainable development In the community learning centers is very important, in this article the author gives steps for identification of learning contents on Sustainable development: understanding the curriculum for meeting learners' needs, knowledge, skill update, technology transfer, understanding local socioeconomic development, needs of local, community sustainable development hpc t o l n dupe nhe nhang, t h i n thien hPn; giup HS ndi chung va HS d i n tpc ndi rilng cd dupe kha n l n g tfnh toan thao va chinh xac T A I LIEU T H A M K H A O Bd G i l o due va O l o tao, Sach Todn, 2,3,4, NXB Gilo due, 2005 2v Bp G i l o due v l Dao tao, Sdeh Todn 2, chuang trlnh song ngUtrin casdtieng me de, NXB G i l o due, 2010 Pham V l n H o l n , Tran Thue Trinh, Pham Gia Cde, Gidoduchgcmon Todn, NXB G i l o due, 2000 Pham Olnh Thue, 200 edu hdi- ddp vedayTodn dtieu hgc, NXB Giao due, 2008 SUMMARY The author presents steps of numeracy skill formation process by primary school children: formation of mathematical operation; building and memorizing the calculation table; teaching students calculation techniques with operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, division; forming characteristics of the operations and quick calculation njles KHGD so 69, thdng - 2011 ... ve eae ndi dung d l hpc va hoach, khdng tin phi rung, huy hoai mdi trUdng), nhUng ndi dung eon thilu d n bo sung xly dung Ijch ndng nghiep, Ijch benh tat, xay dUng 3.2.6 Di xuat ndi dung hoc tdp... theo nhdm Ndi dung gilo due Bao v l sUe khde chuyin slu Trong ChUdng trinh giao due dip Cfng Npi dung gilo due Phap luat yeu d u eua ngUdi hpe, cap nhat kiln thdc, kT nlng, Ndi dung gilo due... ehUdng NhCfng ndi dung hpc tap vi su PTBV dTTHTCD trinh nhd thupe ITnh vUc npl dung Moi nhdm khdng la bat bien m l ludn phai dupc thay ddi, cap chju trach nhiem rl solt npl dung cCia mdt chUdng