PHl/ONG THLTC GIAO DUG MOI TRlT^NG VI Sl/ PHAT TRIEN B^N VCNG CHO HOC SINH QUA M 6 N DIA LY LdP 12 L DAT VAN Bi {j ;i'''' Thap ky giao due vi su phdt trien ben vflng (2005 2014), dugc Lidn hgp qud''''c chfn[.]
PHl/ONG THLTC GIAO DUG MOI TRlT^NG VI Sl/ PHAT TRIEN B^N VCNG CHO HOC SINH QUA M N DIA LY L d P 12 PHAM QUANG TifiN* :{j.;i': L DAT VAN Bi Thap ky giao due vi su phdt trien ben vflng (2005-2014), dugc Lidn hgp qud'c chfnh thfle phat ddng thdng 3/2005 theo Nghi quyet sd 57/254, la mdt Iy khien nhieu qud'c gia thuc day manh me viec nghien cflu linh vuc gido due mdi trudng (GDMT) vd giao due phat trien ben vflng (GDPTBV), dd ed Viet Nam GDMT va GDPTBV Id dinh hudng CO ban, Id ngudi ban ddng hanh cua eac eude ddi mdi va cai each ve giao due va dao tao d nhieu nudc tren the gidi Nghi quyet sd 41NQATW cua Bd Chfnh tri 15-11-2004 ve.- "Bdo ve moi trudng thdi ky ddy mgnh cong ngiiiep hoa, hien dgi hoa ddt nudc" da chi rd: Ddu tu cho bao ve mdi trudng la ddu tu cho phat tridn ben vung, cdn tang cudng giao due nang cao nhan thfle vd trach nhiem bao ve mdi trudng, nhat Id thieu nien, edn dua ndi dung GDMT vao chuong trinh, sach gido khoa cua he thd'ng giao due qud'c dan Nam 1999, Bd Giao due va Dao tao (Bd GDDT) da xay dung de an: "Dua cdc ngi dung bdo ve moi trudng vdo he tiidng gido due quo'c ddn" Ngay 17/10/2001, Thfl tudng Chfnh phu da ky Quyet dinh sd 1363/ QD-TTg phe duyet de an tren! Thdi gian thuc hien de an la nam (tfl 2001 2005) De an da chi ra: Dd'i vdi giao due trung hgc CO sd va trung hgc phd thdng (trang bi nhung kien thfle ve sinh thai hge, mdi quan he gifla ngudi vdi thidn nhien; trang bi va phat tridn ky nang bao ve va gin gifl mdi trudng, bie't flng xfl tfch cue vdi mdi trudng sd'ng xung quanh) Sau QD 1363 cua Thu tudng la van ban: ''Hudng ddn trien khai cong tdc gido due BVMT trudng trung hgc giai dogn 2005 - 2010" Trong ban hudng ddn da ehi muc tieu, ndi dung va each thfle GDBVMT d bdc Trung hgc, Ngay 07/8/2008 Bd GD &DT da cd edng van sd 7120 BGDDT-GDTrH ve viee tfch hgp ndi dung GDBVMT vao eac mdn hgc edp THCS va THPT Do vay, GDMT & GDPTBV eho hgc sinh eac nhd trudng Vidt Nam da trd nen edn thie't va cd'p bach n KHAI NIEM GIAO DUC M I TRI/6NG Moi trudng Mdi trudng la td't ca cac ye'u to xung quanh, bao gdm ca cac nhan td vd sinh va hflu sinh anh hudng trufc tiep hoac gian tie'p de'n eude sdng, su phat tridn va su sinh san eua cac sinh vdt Mdi trudng dd'i vdi ngudi khdng chi la nai tdn tai, sinh trudng va phdt trien eho mdt thuc the sinh vdt la ngudi ma edn la noi lao ddng va nghi ngoi Vd phucmg dien dd mdi trudng cd chflc nang co ban: la noi eung edp tai nguydn, noi thu nhan cae hoat ddng cua ngudi nhdm phue vu cho cae nhu cdu ve ddi sd'ng vdt chd't va tinh than cho ngudi va la noi ddng hda cae ehdt thai ket qua cua cac hoat ddng dd (UNESCO, 1981) Giao due moi trudng Cd nhieu dinh nghia khac ve GDMT: a GDMT la mdt qua trinh nhdm phat hien d ngudi hge su hieu bie't va quan tam trude nhflng van de mdi trudng, bao gdm: kien thfle, thai do, hanh vi, trach nhiem vd ky nang dd tu minh va cung tap thd dua eac giai phap nham giai quye't van de mdi trudng trude mat eung nhu iau dai {Bd Gido due vd Ddo tgo/ Chuang trinh phdt trien Lien hop quoc, 1998) TS Pham Quang Tie'n Vien Khoa hoc giao due Viet Nam Pham Quang Tien - Phuang phap giao due moi trudng b "Giao due mdi trudng la mdt qua trinh thdng qua cac boat ddng giao due chfnh quy va khdng chfnh quy nham giup ngudi cd dugc su hieu biet, ky nang va gid tri tao dieu kien eho hg tham gia vdo phat tridn mdt xa hdi ben vflng ve sinh thai"(Cuc moi tru&ng, Bg Tdi nguyen vd Moi trudng) Mdt eac muc tidu cfla GDMT la lam cho hgc sinh va edng ddng hidu rang: "Bao ve mdi trudng Id sir nghiep cua toan dan To chflc, ca nhan phai cd trdch nhiem bao ve mdi trudng, thi hanh phap ludt ve bao ve mdi trudng, cd quyen vd cd trdch nhiem phat hien, td cao hanh vi vi pham phap luat ve bao ve mdi trudng "(Dieu 6, Luat Bao ve Mdi trudng cua Viet Nam) Ba each tiep can giao due mdi trudng ddi vdi hgc sinh a Gido due ve mdi trudng (kien thfle va nhan thfle): nham cung cap cho hgc sinh (HS) nhiing hieu bie't ve he thdng tu nhien vd hogt dgng ciia no; cho HS thdy dugc nhiing tdc dgng cua ngUdi tdi moi trudng; chi cho HS bie't nhu'ng phuang phdp nghien cdu moi trudng vd nhung ky ndng tu de qudn li mdi trudng b Gido due moi trudng (kl ndng hdnh dgng: Id tao dieu kien eho viee hge tap va thue hanh cua HS thuc te mdi trudng; giup HS xay dung nhung ky nang ddnh gid, thu thap vd phan tfch dfl lieu tfl thue te; dinh hudng cho HS dua cae quyet dinh mdi trudng vd de xudt giai phap BVMT c Gido due vi moi trudng (y thdc, thdi do, tinh cdm): giup HS phat tridn quan niem, ed hieu bie't va trach nhiem vi mdi trudng; hinh thdnh dao dflc mdi trudng d HS; xay dung d HS ddng CO va ky nang viee tham gia BVMT mdi trudng; giup eac em chgn phong each sdng thfch hgp, hai hda vdi mdi trudng va sfl dung hgp Iy eac ngudn tai nguydn thien nhien Cac nguyen tac chung ddi vdi giao due mdi truong nha trudng phd thdng - Xem xet mdi trudng mdi quan he bien chflng va phdt trien cfla nd; - GDMT cho HS la mdt qua trinh lien tuc, sud't ddi, bat dau tfl edp hgc mdm non; - GDMT mang tfnh lidn thdng gifla cac mdn hgc; hudng vao viec giai quyet cdc van de mdi trudng cap bach trudc mdt, cd tfnh den nhflng hdu qua tuang lai; - Thay dugc su can thiet ciia su hgp tac giua cac qude gia, qud'c te viec ngan chdn va tim giai phap dd'i vdi cac su cd mdi trudng; - GDMT mdi quan he gifla mdi trudng va phdt tridn kinh te, xa hdi; - Ndng eao vai trd, trach nhiem efla HS, tao dieu kien eho hg trd ehu nhdn cd y thfle BVMT sd'ng eua chfnh minh; - Cd ke hoaeh GDBVMT cho phfl hgp vdi timg dd tudi; - Giup HS tim nhflng nguyen nhan thue su gay d nhidm mdi trudng de cac em thdy duge tfnh phflc tap cua ede vdn de mdi trudng, tfl dd hinh thdnh Id'i suy nghi cd phan tfch, phdn xet vd hinh ky nang giai quyet vdn de; - Ddi mdi viee day va hgc ve GDBVMT, thdy dugc tdm quan trgng cua cae hoat ddng ngoai thidn nhien va nhung kinh nghiem rut tfl thue te m GIAO DUC VI SU P H A T T R I E N VUNG CHO HOC SINH L P 12 BEN Giao due vi su phat trien ben viing Khai niem "phdt trien ben vdng" xudt hien phong trao bao ve mdi trudng tfl nhflng nam ddu cua thap nidn 70 eua the ky XX Nam 1987, Bao cao "Tuong Iai chung cua ehung ta" eua Hdi ddng The gidi ve Mdi trudng va Phdt trien (WCED) cua Lien hgp qud'c, "phdt tridn ben vflng" dugc dinh nghia "la suphdt trien ddp irng dugc nhu'ng nhu cdu cua hien tgi, md khong ldm tdn hgi de'n khd ndng ddp idig nhu cdu cua cdc the he mai sau" Hdi nghi Thugng dinh The gidi ve Phat tridn ben vflng td chflc d Johannesburg (Cdng hod Nam Phi) nam 2002 da xac dinh "phat tridn ben vflng" la qua trinh phat tridn cd su Nghien ciru Phat trien ben vumg, so (29) - Thang 12/2010 Pham Quang Tien - Phuang phap giao due moi trudng ke't hgp chat ehe, hgp ly va hdi hod giua mat cua su phat tridn, gdm: phdt tridn kinh te, phat tridn xa hdi va bao ve mdi trudng Phat tridn ben vflng la su sfl dung ede tai nguyen thien nhien va dieu kien mdi trudng hien cd de thda man nhu edu eua cdc the he ngudi dang sdng nhung phai dam bao cho cac the he tuong Iai nhflng dieu kien tdi nguyen thien nhien de hg sd'ng td't hon hien (Viet Nam 1995) Chfnh phu Viet Nam da ban hdnh va tfch cue thuc hien "Ke' hogch qude gia ve Moi tru&ng vd Phdt trien ben vdng giai dogn 19912000" (Quyet dinh sd I87-CT ngdy 12/6/1991), tao tien dd cho qua trinh phat tridn ben vung d Viet Nam - Quyet dinh sd 153/2004/QD-TTg 17-8-2004 cua Thu tudng Chfnh phu ve viec ban hdnh Dinh hudng chien luge phat tridn ben vflng d Viet Nam - Quan diem phdt trien ben vflng da duge khang dinh Chi thi sd 36-CT/TW ngdy 25/6/1998 cua Bd Chfnh tri ve tang cudng cdng tac bao ve mdi trudng thdi ky edng nghiep hda, hien dai hda ddt nudc, dd nha'n manh: "Bdo ve mdi trudng la mdt ndi dung CO ban khdng the tach rdi dudng Id'i, chu truong vd ke hoach phat trien kinh texa hdi cua tdt ca cdc edp, ede nganh, la co sd quan trgng bao dam phdt tridn ben vflng" - Quan diem phdt tridn ben vflng da dugc tai khang dinh cdc van kien cua Dai hdi dai bieu toan qud'c Idn thfl IX cua Dang Cdng sdn Viet Nam vd Chien luge phat trien kinh te'-xa hdi 2001-2010 la: "Phat tridn nhanh, hieu qua vd ben vflng, tang trudng kinh te di ddi vdi thuc hien tien bd, edng bang xa hdi va bdo ve mdi trudng" va "Phdt trien kinh te-xa hdi gdn chat vdi bao ve va cai thien mdi trudng, bao dam su hdi hod gifla mdi trudng nhan tao vdi mdi trudng thidn nhien, gifl gin da dang sinh hgc" Phat trien ben vflng da trd dudng ldi, quan diem eua Dang va chfnh sach cua Nha nudc De moi trudng phat trien ben viing, hgc sinh can quan triet mgt so' quan diem sau: - Khdng nen danh gia tai nguyen thien nhien Viet Nam mdt cdch gian don va cam tfnh Tuy nhidn cung khdng ndn bi quan ma eho rdng tai nguyen thien nhien Viet Nam ngheo nan, can edi den mfle "/Vwoc man, ddng chua, ddt cdy len sdi da", - Khdng ndn sfl dung het mdt loai khoang san nao dd trude tim cae loai khodng san khac thay the nd (vf du ddu md thay cho than da, ) hoac sfl dung tdi mfle can kiet cac loai tai nguyen thien nhien ed the phue hdi lai duge (nhu: ddng vat, rflng, ) nhanh hon qua trinh tu tai tao, phuc hdi cua nd - Khdng dugc phep thai vao mdi trudng thidn nhien cae ehdt ddc hai mdt Iugng nhieu hon kha nang tu can bang cua nd - Phdt trien ben viing khdng ed nghia la ngudi phai che ngu tu nhien md la phai tdn trgng su tdn tai va quy ludt phdt tridn eua tu nhien nhu Id mdt td't yeu - Phdt trien kinh te va BVMT khdng phai la Iinh vuc ludn ludn dd'i nghich Phat trien kinh te mdt each "ben vung" khdng nhflng khdng huy hoai mdi trudng, rnd edn gdp phdn Iam gidu, lam dep mdi trudng; vd ngugc Iai BVMT khdng cdn la ganh nang kinh te va tai chfnh dd'i vdi cac nha san xudt kinh doanh - Dat yeu to mdi trudng ien vi trf ngang bdng vdi su phdt tridn kinh te - xa hdi, dua mdi trudng trd mdt ba cue tam giac phdt tridn ben vflng cua ddt nude, mdt he thd'ng vdi phdt tridn kinh te va phdt tridn xa hdi - Khdng ndn eho rang: ngudi dflng ngoai tu nhien va thd'ng tri tdt ea cac dang sinh vat sd'ng khde Viec cd gdng thd'ng tri thidn nhien se ddn den cae Id hdng ldn ve mat sinh thai Trong nhieu trudng hgp, viee dung hda cudc sd'ng gifla ngudi vdi Mdi trudng tu nhien se td't hon cho cd hai phfa Thf du: khdng xay dung nhd d trdn cac sdng, ngan can viee dot chay rflng tu nhien - Tai sfl dung, tai che se la giai phap BVMT td't hon so vdi viec dot huy cac chdt thai - Tu tudng phat tridn ben vung phai dugc giao due cd he thd'ng tfl tudi au tho vdi ndi duLg va phuong phap thfch hgp m Nghio cim Phat trien ben vung, so (29) - Thang 12/2010 Pham Quang Tien - Phuang phap giao due moi trudng Mdi quan he da chieu hudng tdi Giao due vi su phat trien ben vumg rV CAC TIEU CHI CHUNG DANH GlA SU PHAT TRIEN BEN VUNG NEN KINH Tt CAC NUdC TREN THE GlOl QUA MON DIA LY LTnh vuc kinh te - Tang trudng GDP tfl 5%/nam mdi cd the dugc xem Id cd nen kinh te phat trien ben vung GDP binh "quan ddu ngudi bdng hoac cao hon mflc trung binh hien cua cac nude dang phdt tridn ed thu nhdp trung binh Neu GDP eao nhung GDP binh quan ddu ngudi thdp thi chua dat mflc ben vung Tang trudng GDP dn dinh lau dai Ddng gdp efla cdng nghiep va dich vu GDP phai cao hon ndng nghiep - Gidm deu mfle tidu phf nang Iugng va nhflng tai nguyen khac (dac biet la tai nguyen hda thach) thdng qua cdng nghe mdi va qua thay ddi each sd'ng Tim nhung ngudn nang Iugng mdi, giam d nhidm khdng khf, d nhidm ddt va nudc Chuyen dich sang nen san xudt sach vd cd hieu suat cao hen - Thay ddi cdc hinh thfle tieu thu anh hudng de'n da dang sinh hgc cua cac nudc Idn can Phdt trien edng nghe sach va sfl dung ft tai nguyen thien nhien - Lam cho mgi ngudi tie'p can, sfl dung tai nguyen mdt each binh dang Xda ddi giam ngheo Chia rudng ddt cho ndng dan Binh dang giao due va cac dich vu xa hdi Giam ddn su chdnh lech ve thu nhap kinh te va dugc hudng cdc dich vu y te, giao due - Phat tridn nen kinh te thi trudng.Giam hang rao nhap khdu va nhung chfnh sach bao Nghien cim Phat trien ben vumg, so (29) - Thang 12/2010 hd mau dich, md cfla thi trudng cho cac san phdm cua nhung nudc ngheo - Chuydn tien tfl chi phf quan su va an ninh cho nhung ydu cdu phdt trien kinh te, BVMT LTnh vuc xa hgi - On dinh ddn so, giam sd ddn di cu den cac phd Idn Xdy dung nhung bien phap Idm giam nhe tae ddng cua dd thi hda den mdi trudng - Ndng cao tf Ie ngudi biet chu cdng ddng Ddu tu vdo giao due, y te Tao dieu kien cho ngudi ddn tiep cdn vdi cac dich vu cham sdc sflc khde, nhdt la sflc khde cua phu nu - Nang eao phue Igi xa hdi, phdt trien tfnh da dang van hda - Khuyen khfch su tham gia cua ngudi dan vdo nhiing qua trinh quyet dinh cua cac edp lanh dao (ddn bie't, dan ban, dan lam, dan kiem tra) LTnh vuc mdi trudng - Mdi trudng la khdng gian sdng cua ngudi va cac loai sinh vat Mdi trudng la noi cung cap tai nguydn cdn thiet cho cudc sd'ng vd hoat ddng san xuat cua ngudi Mdi trudng la nai chfla dung cac chat phe thai ngudi tao cudc sd'ng va hoat ddng san xudt cua minh Mdi trudng la noi giam nhe cac tdc ddng ed hai cua thidn nhien tdi ngudi va sinh vat tren Trai Dat Mdi trudng la noi luu trfl vd cung cap thdng tin cho ngudi - Con ngudi ludn cdn mdt khoang khdng gian danh eho nha d, san xudt luong thuc va tai tao mdi trudng Con ngudi cd the gia tang khdng gian sdng cdn thiet cho minh bdng viec khai thac va chuyen ddi chflc nang sfl dung cua cdc loai khdng gian khdc nhu khai hoang, phd rflng, eai tao ede vung ddt va nude mdi Viec khai thdc qud mflc khdng gian vd cdc dang tai nguydn thien nhien cd thd lam cho chat Iugng khdng gian sd'ng mat di kha nang tu phuc hdi Vdi su phat trien cua khoa hgc ky thuat, ngudi cang tang cudng khai thac cdc dang tai nguydn mdi va gia tang sd lugng khai thac, tao cac dang san pham mdi cd tac ddng manh me tdi ehdt lugng mdi trudng sdng V c A c TIEU CHI D A N H G I A S U P H A T TRIEN BEN VUNG NEN KINH TE Pham Quang Tie'n - Phuang phap giao due moi trudng VIET NAM DEN NAM 2010, QUA MON DIA LY 12 Dia If kinh te nganh va kinh te vung nam chuang trinh dia Iy 12, danh gid su phat tridn ben virng nen kinh te ddi hdi phai xdy dung cdc tidu chf ddnh gia chung, dd la: - LTnh vuc kinh te: Tang trudng GDP dat tren 7% nam; binh quan GDP/ngudi/ndm dat 1000 USD, nam 2010 gap ddi nam 2001; ca eau ndng nghiep - edng nghiep - dich vu den nam 2010 tuong flng se la 16% -41% -43%; tang xudt khau bdng Ian tang GDP Phdn ddu den nam 2010 dat 15% - Linh vuc xd hgi: giam td'c gia tang dan sd den nam 2010 xud'ng dudi 0,7%; tang dang kd chi sd ngudi (HDI) > 0,7%; xda ddi, giam ngheo (nam 2010 ty le hd ddi, ngheo cdn 10%); giai quyet viee lam cho ngudi lao ddng (nam 2010, ty Ie cd vide Idm d dd thi la 95%, ndng thdn la 25%); phdt trien giao due (nam 2010 phd cap gido due THPT trdn todn qude); phdt tridn dich vu y te, nang cao tudi thg cua ngudi dan (nam 2010 tudi thg trung binh cua ngudi Viet Nam la 71 tudi); nang eao chat lugng cudc sdng (tdi nam 2010, phdn ddu 100% sd hd dugc dung dien) - Linh vuc moi trudng: + Phdng ngfla d nhidm khdng khf, nude, rdc thai Cac thdng sd phd bien dudi mflc tieu chuan Viet Nam eho phep + Bao ve dat canh tac, sfl dung phan bdn san xudt ndng nghiep Bdo ve thuc vat, sfl dung thud'c trfl sau, diet cd Bao ve eac ngudn gen, ddng thuc vat, da dang sinh hgc theo tidu chuan Viet Nam -I- Bao ve canh quan thien nhien, cdc di tfch lich sfl, van hda theo tidu chudn Viet Nam -I- Cac tai nguyen thien nhien tdi tao duge sfl dung pham vi cd thd tai tao Cae tai nguyen thien nhien khdng tai tao dugc sfl dung pham vi cd the thay the -I- Tang ty le che phu riing (nam 2010 dat 43%); cai thien mdi trudng sd'ng eua cdng ddng (tdi nam 201 J, ty le dan cu dugc dflng nudc sach d dd thi Id 100%, ndng thdn 80%); he thd'ng ve sinh cae hd gia dinh dat tidu chudn (tdi nam 2010, d dd thi la 100%, ndng thdn 90%); td chflc thu gom, xfl ly rac thai (ty Ie rac thai dugc thu hdi d dd thi la > 90%, ndng thdn 60%) VI HOC SINH CAN P H A I L A M GI DE GOP PHAN L A M CHO MOI TRUCJNG P H A T TRIEN BEN VUNG? Mdt so ggi y : - Giam bdt rac thai - Tie't kiem nang lucmg Sfl dung nang Iugng sach - Bao ve ngudn nudc - Tang cudng tai che nudc thai va rdc thai - Bao ve mdi trudng cu tru tu nhidn eua ddng vat - Tie't kiem tidu dung Mugn thay cho mua - Khuyen khfch sfl dung xe dap thay cho xe may :; ^-v - Khai thdc, sfl dung hgp Iy va tiet kiem tai nguyen thien nhien - Tuyen truyen ludt BVMT cdng VII KET LUAN Thuc tidn nhirng nam qua cho thdy, GDMT va GDPTBV da dugc thfl nghiem d mdt so trudng hgc cae loai hinh giao due cua he thd'ng giao due qud'c dan Cdng tdc GDMT, GDPTBV cac nha trudng cua Viet Nam da thu dugc nhung ket qua nhdt dinh Mdt ty Ie khdng Idn hgc sinh, sinh vidn cdc edp hgc, bdc hgc da cd nhung hieu bie't ban ddu ve phap luat va chu truong chfnh sach cua Dang, Nha nudc ve bao ve mdi trudng, cd kien thfle ve mdi trudng dd tu giac thuc hidn BVMT Tuy nhien, chua cd chuang trinh thd'ng nha't cua Bd GD&DT, ehua bien soan dugc gido trinh, bdi giang, cae hoat ddng GDMT, GDPTBV chua trd nhiem vu bdt budc tat ca eac cap hgc, vay chat Iugng, hieu qua eua cdng tdc giao due BVMT cdn thdp, chua dap flng dugc ydu edu cua qua trinh phdt trien kinh te - xa hdi cua nude ta giai doan hien nay: " cdng tac gido due BVMT chua dugc tridn khai mdt each thd'ng Nghien ciru Phat trien ben vumg, so (29) - Thang 12/2010 Pham Quang Tien - Phuang phap giao due moi trudng nhdt va rdng khdp ca nudc, chua Idm cho hgc sinh hieu biet sau sdc, ddy dfl ve chu truang chfnh sach cua Dang va Nha nudc, nhiing quy dinh cua phap luat, nhflng kie'n thfle ve mdi trudng,^ BVMT de' tu giac thuc hien" (Hudng ddn tridn khai cdng tac giao due BVMT trudng trung hoc giai doan 2005 - 2010 Bd GD & DT) Nguyen nhdn ddn de'n tinh trgng tren Id : + Chua tao dugc mdi quan tam chung cfla ca cdng ddng, gia dinh, xa hdi dd'i vdi mdi trudng; Chua cd su phdi hgp chat che gifla gia dinh, nhd trudng, xa hdi viee GDMT, GDPTBV eho the he tre tfl tudi au tho cho de'n trudng + Cdng tdc nghien cflu ve mat ly luan va phuang phap GDMT, GDPTBV qua cac mdn hgc chua duge dau tu thda dang -I- Chua cap nhdt ddy du cac thdng tin ve GDMT qud'c te, thdng tin nudc ve mdi trudng cdn ngheo nan, tan man Su giao luu, hgp tdc nudc vd qud'c te linh vuc GDMT, GDPTBV cdn nhieu mat han che -I- Chua dao tao dugc mdt ddi ngu can bd, giao vien cd nghiep vu va kinh nghiem ve GDMT GDMT va GDPTBV la viec Idm khdng chi cd y nghia hien tai, ma quan trgng hon, eao ca Nghien cim Phat trien ben vung, so (29) - Thing 12/2010 lion Id nd cd y nghia eho tuong Iai Neu hdm the hd chung ta khdng quan tam tdi, khdng Iam td't cdng tac BVMT va GDPTBV, Idm cho mdi trudng bi huy hoai thi tuang lai, chdu chung ta ehdc chdn se phai ganh chiu nhung hdu qua tdi te./ TAI LEU THAM KHAO Tuyen bd chung cua Hpi nghi Thugng dinh Trai dai, td chflc tai Rio de Janeiro, Braxin thang 5/1992 Chuang trinh phat triln LHQ (UNDP) & DANIDA Thiet k^mlu mpt sd modun GDMT (danh cho cac ldp tap huan); Ha Npi, 2004 Pham Quang Tie'n (Chii nhiem dl tai): "Moi trudng vdi cu6c sdng cua chiing ta" danh cho ldp 12 B2009-37-61MT Eg Giao due va Dao tao: De an Dua cac n6i dung BVMT vao he thdng giao duc qude dan; Ha Nei, 2002 Be Giao due va Dao tao/Chuang trinh Phat triln Lien hcrp qude: Cac hudng dan chung vl GDMT danh cho ngudi dao tao giao vien trudng Tiiu hpc, Trung hoc co sd, Trung hoc phd th6ng(1998), du an VIE/95/641; 1998 Hoang Dflc Nhuan (Chii bien): Mpt sd phuang phap tiep can giao duc m6i trudng; Nxb Giao Duc 1999 ... gifl gin da dang sinh hgc" Phat trien ben vflng da trd dudng ldi, quan diem eua Dang va chfnh sach cua Nha nudc De moi trudng phat trien ben viing, hgc sinh can quan triet mgt so'' quan diem sau:... ve GDBVMT, thdy dugc tdm quan trgng cua cae hoat ddng ngoai thidn nhien va nhung kinh nghiem rut tfl thue te m GIAO DUC VI SU P H A T T R I E N VUNG CHO HOC SINH L P 12 BEN Giao due vi su phat... hogch qude gia ve Moi tru&ng vd Phdt trien ben vdng giai dogn 19 9120 00" (Quyet dinh sd I87-CT ngdy 12/ 6/1991), tao tien dd cho qua trinh phat tridn ben vung d Viet Nam - Quyet dinh sd 153/2004/QD-TTg