NGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG /fH df Si so TANG CUdNG KHA NANG VAN DUNG KIEN TH0C VAO THlJC TE CUA HOC SINH BANG VIEC XAY DUNG CAD HOI Md TRONG DE THI MON DIA LI L^P 12 ThS NsuySn van Thii Trudng DHSP BH Bd N[.]
NGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG /fH.df-Si so TANG CUdNG KHA NANG VAN DUNG KIEN TH0C VAO THlJC TE CUA HOC SINH BANG VIEC XAY DUNG CAD HOI Md TRONG DE THI MON DIA LI L^P 12 ThS NsuySn van Thii Trudng DHSP - BH Bd Ndng SUMMARY Building and using of open-^nded questions in geography exams for grade 12, highschools, enhances the students 'abilities to use knowledge of actual It is also a way to help teachers rate the learning outcomes of students in approaches capacity To build a good open-ended questions system, teachers need to select the forms, substantive orientation before choosing arui writing questions Also, to be able to build a system of open questions that are varied, consistent and meet the requirements of each test in the lesson content, teachers themselves need to rich sources of questions, develop types of questions which ask students to answer based on multiple base Keywords: open-ended questions; geography exams; 12 graded geography Ng^ nh^n bdi: 10/6/2014; Ng^ duyp d&ng: 25/6/2014 I Cau hdi mit dl thi mdn Bja 1( Idp 12 ghip ting cudmg kh& nflag v|n dyng kiin thiiv vio thyc te cua h^c sinh (HS) Quan ni^m vi cdu hdi md di thi mSn Dia lildp 12 Thdng thudng, cd hai dgng ciu hdi ehinh Ii ciu hdi ddng vi ciu hdi md Diim khie giO'a chiing li cau hdi ddng ciu tri Idi cd sin cic phuong in tri Idi df lya chpn, cdn ciu hdi md ciu tri Idi khdng dupe dua trudc di lya chpn mi ddi tupng phai ty tra ldi Sy phan bift tren thi hifn rd cie ciu hoi diiu tra (bang hdi) Trong hogt ddng dgy hpc, ciu hdi md khdng ehi don thudn Ii ciu hdi khdng cd ciu tri Idi cd dinh, nhifu hon thi, dd li nhihig ciu hoi df HS khai thic, dio siu thdm thdng tin, yfu ciu HS ty bao vf -^ kiin vi giii thich Ii eiia minh, kich thich HS suy nghi vi dua nhiiu quan diim ho|c cd thi dupc d^t vdi mye dich biit kiin thirc vi cam xuc eua ngudi hpe vi mpt diiu gl dd D6i vdi mdn Dja li Idp 12 THPT, eiu hdi md dupc quan nifm li nhOng eau hdi yeu ciu HS vin dyng kifn thirc, kT ning tdng hpp vio giii quyit vdn de thyc tifn hpc tgp vi cudc sdng Xdt ve miic dd tu dd Ii nhQng eau hdi mang tinh chdt vgn dyng, so sinh, phin tich, tdng hpp vi dinh gii Sy phin chia tren dupe tiip ein bdi quan dif m dinh gii ning lye eiia ngudi hpe vi xu hudng xiy dyng di thi mdn Dja Ii nhOng nim gdn day Tren co sd dd, cd thi xie djnh dupc dgng eiu hdi md quan trpng di thi mdn Dja li Idp 12 gdm: cau hdi gin vdi kfnh hinh sich giio khoa (SGK), cau hdi gin vdi Atlat Dja II Vift Nam, dgng 4S • TAP CHl THI^BIGlAO Dgc-sd 107-7/2014 ciu hdi nguyfn nhin - kft qua v i eiu hdi Iifn hf thyc tiln Nhu v|.y, nhihig eiu hoi yeu cdu HS nhd, trinh biy Igi kiin thiic co bin SGK, m{ic dii khdng cd sin ciu tra Idi trudc di lya chpn vdn khdng thufc dgng ciu hdi md, dd li nhihig ciu hdi ddng MOt s6 d^c diim cda cdu hdi md di thi mdn Bla li ldp 12 Cdc cdu hoi md thudng dugc sir dyng di ddnh gid ndng lyc HS Cd nghia Ii dinh gii ning vin dyng kiin thirc, kl ning Dja li dS hpe vio giii quyit mpt vin di (ed Iifn quan) d§t thyc tien hpc t§p hojc cudc sdng cua HS VI thi nhdng kiin thfltc eo ban hpc dupc SGK khdng bio dim HS sf ed mdt ciu tri Idi tit cho ciu hdi md vi hpc thudc Idng kiin thiic mpt cich miy mdc mi khdng biit v§n dyng, phit triin chCing sf khdng dupc dinh gii cao Ciing cd nhiiu ciu hdi md yfu cdu HS trinh biy nh§n tiiirc, thii dd ban thin vi mdt vdn di dang dupc xi hpi quan tim, diiu niy ddi hdi ning lyc tu tdng hpp vi kha ning Iifn hf thyc tien ciia HS Cdu hoi md kiem tra ndng lyc tu cua HS d muc dg cao Trong ma tr^n dh thi, eic ciu hdi md chii yiu ndm d mire dinh gii thii hai, thir ba (thdng hiiu vi vgn dyng) khdng phii d mire thOr nhdt (nh^ln biit) NghTa Ii eiu hdi hudng din kiim tra kl ning thye hinh, dk tri ldi cic ciu hdi niy HS phii tiin hinh cic thao tic tu d mire eao nhu so sinh, phan tich, tdng hpp, dinh gii v i ky ning quan sit, tu Dja II, khdng dan giin Ii nhd vi.tii hifn Igi tri thiic da hpc Cdc cdu hoi ma thudng su dyng mgt sd tir di hoi d6i vdi cic dgng kfnh hinh khic vi Atlat Dja li Vift Nam, GV cd tiif djnh hudng xiy dyng ciu hdi md bin^ eieh yfu cdu HS dya vio cic ban dd, lupe dd, so dd ho^c biiu dd df chimg minh, giai thieh mpt vin de dja If ty nhifn, kmh ti - xi hpi nhdt djnh minh lya ehpn Doi vdi cdu hoi nguyin nhdn - kit qud Xiy dyng eic ciu hdi md dang niy GV cdn dya trfn eo sd khai thie eie mdi lien hf rat phd biin vi da dgng giE^ cic sy v§t, thinh phdn, hifn tupng vi qui trinh dja li Cic mdi lifin hf dja li dgng nguyfn nhin - kit qui quan trpng cdn khai thic li: 1) Mdi quan hf gitta vj tri dja ti vi cie d$c diim ty nhiSn 2) Mdi quan hf gitta cic ngudn lyc phit triin nhu vj tri dja ly, dja hinh, dit dai, hiu, sdng ngdi, til ngu;/fn khoing sin, sinh v&t, diiu kifn xi hdi vi d^c diim phit trifn kinh ti Vi dy: Tgi ddng bing sdng Ciiu Long trd thinh vdng nudi ci, tdm Idn nhdt nude ta? Tgi eic khu cdng nghifp tgp tiling Igi phin bd chu yiu d Ddng Nam Bd, ddng bing sdng Hdng vi Duyen hii miin tiung? 3) Mdi quan hf giifa phit triin kinh ti - xi hdi vi eic vdn di vi mdi trudng VI dy: Tgi qui trinh phit triin kinh ti d Dong Nam Bd phii ehd J din vifc bio vf mdi trudng? Tgi phii d$t vdn di sir dyng hpp li vi cai tgo ty nhifn d ddng bine sdng Cim Long? Vdi dgng eau hdi niy, GV yeu ciu HS xie lgp dupe cic mdi Iifn hf dja Ii, ed thi xiy dyng cic dgng ciu hdi niy sau cie ciu hdi trinh biy mpt van df nao dd vi dimg cie tir di hdi nhu: vi sao, nguyf n nhan nio, hiy giiitiiich,giy hgu qui gi Doi voi cdu hdi liin hi thuc tiin Diy li dgng eiu hdi yfu ciu HS vgn dyng kiin thiie da hpc di giii tiiich mpt hifntuyng ty nhien ho|c kinh ti xi hpi thyc tiln dang li vin di dupe xi hpi quan tam Nhu vgy, xiy dyng dgng eiu hdi niy, GV phii lya ehpn nhihig npi dung kiin thirc SGK Iifn quan tdi nhttng vdn di thyc tiln cd tinh thdi sy, tiiudng dupe dk cip trfn cie phuang tifn tiidng tin dgi chiing Mpt s6 vdn di ndi bit hifn TAP CHl THlfTBIGlAO Dgc-sfl 107-7/2014 • 49 NGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG cd thi khai thic di xiy dyng cie ciu hdi md dgng lien hf thyc tiln dd thi mdn Dja Ii Ii: vdn di chii quyin vi phit trien kinh ti viing biin dio; vdn di gia ting din sd, lao dOng vifc lam, dd thj hda; mpt sd vdn di ndi bit eua timg nginh, tiing viing kinh ti; vdn di bien ddi hgu, suy giim tii nguyfn, d nhilm mdi trudng, thien tai v i eie bifn phap phdng trinh thien tai Mpt so luu f xfiy dyng ciu hdi md di thi Dja If Idp 12 GVcdn da dgng hda kinh hinh nhdm ldm phong phu ngudn xdy dyng cdc cdu hoi ma Kfnh hinh SGK da dgng nhung so vdi yfu eiu vi sd lupng ciu hdi vi sy thay ddi di thi qua cae nim thl chua dip (mg, vi v|y khdng thi ehi dya vio chiing de xiy dyng eiu hdi md Trong dd, mpt sd dgng nhu lupc dd, so dd, nhit li bieu do, bing sd lifu ed the ty xiy dyng dupe mpt cich dan giin Do dd, GV cd the thu thap eie thdng tin, sd lifu thdng kf vi sii dyng eic kT ning eiia minh df bifn tgp ehting nhim tgo ngudn mdi di xay dyng eic ciu hdi md Vifc tgo ngudn mdi niy vira ting thfm kfnh di da dgng cie ciu hdi theo mong mudn vCra giiip GV xiy dyng eie cau hdi phii hpp vdi mye dieh, tinh chit eiia bii kiem tra, phil hpp vdi nhifu ddi tupng HS Bfn egnh dd, thdng qua qui trinh niy eic thdng tin, sd lifu dupe cgp nhgt mdi nen phin inh thyc te gdn hon, nhit li ddi vdi cic sd lifu thdng kf kinh te - xi hdi v6n thay ddi nhanh ehdng Cdu hdi md cd thi yiu cdu HS dua trin nhiiu ca sa di trd ldi Bfn cgnh eic eau hdi yeu ciu HS dya vio mdt bang sd lifu, so de chiing minh eic eiu hdi dgng md, GV nfn xay dyng eiu hdi theo kiiu kit hpp nhim gliip HS ed them cin cii tra Idi cau hdi, sit dyng vdn hiiu biit ciia ei nhin, eic kien thirc xi hpi vio giii quyit vin df d^t Mpt sd dgng ciu hdi cd thf sii dyng la "dya vio lupc dd/bing sd lifu/so dd vi lupc dd/bing sd lifu/so dd hiy giai thich/ehirng minh " hoic "dya vio lupc dd/bang sd lifu/biiu dd kit hpp vdi hifu biit cua minh/kiin thuc da hpc em hiy giii thfeh/chimg minh " VI dy: Quan sit hinh 25 v i dya vio kiin tinic da hpc, hay giii thich tgi kinh ti trang trgi igi rdt phit triin d Ddng bing sdng Cim Long? - Bii 25; Dya vao cic trang Bin dd giao thdng, Kinh tf ehung eiia Atlat Dja If Vift Nam vi kifn thiic di hpc, hiy giii thieh tgi qudc Ip Ii tuyin dudng quan trpng nhdt nudc ta (Df thi tdt nghifp mdn Dja If - Giio dye THPT nam 2014); Dya vio Atlat Dja li Vift Nam v i kiin thirc da hpc, hay phin tieh ^ nghTa Itinh ti eua vj trf dja H viing Trung du vi miin ndi Bic Bp? Cdu hoi md dugc xdy dyng phdi de hiiu Nghia Ii cau hdi phai rd df bao dam HS phai hifu cau hdi nhu Ii GV, ddng thdi phai chic chin HS nio cQng diu hiiu y nghia nhu cho cimg mOt ciu hdi Cac ciu hdi md (nhit li dgng Iifn hf thyc tiln) thudng tgo cho HS sy ty dien dgt J tudng, chii khdng theo mpt khudn mau djnh sin Tuy v|iy, vi m$t nfi dung cau tra Idi cin phii dgt dupe nhttng yfu cdu co ban vi diiu dd xuit phit tir vifc HS cd hiiu diing ciu hdi hay khdng Do dd, eie eiu hdi cin dupc thiit lgp don gian, ngdn gpn, dl hiiu, sir dyng ngdn tir hdng ngiy GV khdng nfn d^t cie ciu hdi ma hd, ghfp nhifu y, nhifu ngii' nghTa Khi xiy dyng cau hdi, GV phii xem xdt trinh dd, kiin thirc cua HS Ndi cich khie, cau hdi dupc xiy dyng phii phu hpp vdi trinh dp nhgn thiic cua HS Tii lifu tham khio Le Thdng (Tdng ehu bien) (2010) Dia li 11 NXB Giio dye Vift Nam Trang tin Bio mdi "Cdch thuc nhgn dgng vd trd ldi cdu hoi md di thi tot nghiip THPT mdn Diali" http://www.baomoi.eom, I4/4/20I4 IIIINIIMMIIIIIIIIililllllllllllllllMIIHIIIIIIIIIIMIIIIHIIIIIIIIIIJIIINIIIMIIIIIIIIIIIINUIiniMIIIINIIIMIIIINIIINIIIMIIIIMIIIIinilllllllilNIIIIIIIIIMIIIIIIIinilMINIIIIIII^ TIEP CAN NANG LUC THUC HIEN (Tiep theo trang 29) thift thyc, dim bio myc tieu phit triin ngudn nhin lyc chit lupng eao, timg budc gdp phin diy nhanh tdc dp CNH, HDH dit nudc Tii lifu tham khio I Chiin lupc phit triin Dgy nghi thdi k^ 2011 -2020 50 • TAP CHt THI^BfGlAO Dgc-sd 107-7/2014 2; Bio eio tdng quan vi dio tgo nghi d Vift Vifn nghifn ciiii phit triin giio dye chuyfn nghifp (2011), Dd Mgnh Cudng, Mgt sd vdn di vi dgy hgc tich hgp ddo tgo nghi hiin 5; Nguyin Dde Trf, Phan Chinh Thii-c (2010), Mgt sd vdn di vi qudn ly ca sa dgy nghi ... hiy giii thich, tgi ndi Trong cic eau hdi ddng thudng ddng cic tii di hdi nhu: hiy nfu, hiy irinh biy, cho biit, ki tfn Uu diim cua sir dyng cdu hdi md trong di thi Bfa llldp 12 Dk thi dupe... tra, dinh gii kit qui hpc tgp ciia HS Trong di thi Dja Ii Idp 12 THPT, eiu hdi md giiip GV dinh gii dupe nhin thCrc cua HS d miic d^ cao trfn ci hai m ^ kiin thiic vi kT ning, vifc chdm bii kiim... em ed thi phit hiiy Wnh sing tgo, ty difn dgt y tudng vi sir dyng vdn kifn thiie tdng hpp ciia minh Tdm Igi, sir dyng ciu hdi md di thi mdn Dja Ii giiip GV kiim tra ning vin dyng kiin thiie vio