C Q l NGHlCNCfini TANG CUCING T I N H TIT CHU, Tir cHju TRACH N H I E M CUA CAC TRII0NG DAI HOC, CAO DANG VIET NAM THEO HlAJlNG TI^P CAN QUAN Li OlTA VAO NHA TRtfdNG VOTHIMAIHUIlMG Tnittng Ogl hgc Sif[.]
C Q l NGHlCNCfini - TANG CUCING T I N H TIT CHU, Tir cHju TRACH N H I E M CUA CAC TRII0NG DAI HOC, CAO D A N G VIET NAM THEO HlAJlNG TI^P CAN QUAN Li OlTA VAO N H A TRtfdNG VOTHIMAIHUIlMG Tnittng Ogl hgc Sif pbgm H I N41 O ^ t v ^ n d l V l n di trao quyln ty chd, ty chju trich nhi|m cho d c trudng dai hpe cao d i n g Vilt Nam dang r i t dUpC quan t i m v i trd t h i n h ndi dung trpng t i m cOa q u i trinh cii d c h q u i n If giio dye hi|n Q u i n II dya v i o n h i trudng (School Based Management, 56/14) l i mdt If thuylt phd biln t r i n t h i gidi, l i mdt dgng cOa phin d p q u i n if, qua dd n h i trudng I I hgt nhln cOa sy d i t i l n giio dye BII v i l t d l c|p d i n v l n d l t i n g cudng tinh t y chO, tu chju trich nhi|m cOa cic trudng dgi hpc cao d i n g Vilt Nam theo hudng t i l p c i n SBM V i i n i t v l q u i n If dua v i o n h i trUdng Q u i n 11 dya v i o n h i trddng ddi t d nhdng n i m 70 cOa t h i kf XX Cing ngiy, SBM cing trd n l n phd biln d nhilu nude v i vdng Ilnh thd t r i n t h i gidi DO d l tdn tai g i n 40 n i m nhUng SBM v l n dang t i l p tue dugc nghiin cdu v i hoin thiln a) Khdi niim qudn Kdua vdo nhd trudng "Qudn II dua vdo nhd truimg dugc xem nhu su thay ddi cdu trdc quyin lUc mdt cdch chinh thdc hay ndi cdch khdc dd Id sgphdn cdp qudn ll d cdp dd trudng hoc, (d dd xdc drnh cdc thdnh vHn cd quyin dua nhOng quyit sdch nhdm tr), cdng cd vd phdt triin nhd tn/dng' [2:281 Trich nhi|m, q u y l n q u y l t C^nh v l q u i n If dupc trao cho hi|u trudng, g i i o v i l n , cha m? hpc sinh, cdng ddng x i hdi v i ddi l i c l hpc sinh Nhu v|y, quin If dya v i o n h i trudng se e i n ed v i o tinh hudng cy t h i d l xic djnh se tham gia q u i n II D i e d i l m n i y da phin n i o t h i hiln tfnh m I m d i o , tinh hoat cua q u i n II d i ^ v i o n h i trudng b) Vdn di tuchd qudn Kdua vdo nhd tntimg Hinh md t l mdc dd chuyin q u y l n quylt djnh tgi mdt sd d c qudc gia d l thyc h i l n SBM Thang dupe t h i l t k l theo cic mdc dd td'ylu'^ln'nignh'.Tuy nhiln, khdng n l n sd dyng " y l u " hay "manh" d l phin b i l t n h i trudng tdt hay k i m m i d i l u n i y chO ylu mudn d l c i p d i n vile xic djnh mdc dd t y chd m i cac n h i trudng dxsgc chuyin giaa Hinh 1: Phdn logi cdc cdi cdch SBM dugc thge hiin d cdc qu6c gia Yeu Trung binh HI thdng dupc phi t i p trung hoi ddi vdi cic bang hoic cic dja phuong nhung kl^ngchocic trudng, cic trudng vl t h i khdng dupe tychO TychO d mdcdd gidi hgn chOylu qua vl|e llpkl hoach v i gilng dgy JS.KMIAHgCGlAODgC Tuong ddt manh Cie Hdi ddng nhi trUdng duoc thinh tip song chd y l u ed chdc ning tuvIn Cic Hdl ddng n h i trUdng cd quyln tUchO vi|e tuyln v i s d dyng gllo viln hi|u trudng v i tya chon chudng tilnh, sleh gllo khoa, Mfnh vidllu hinh cic ngudn tyc y l u (vl du nhu cie khoin t i i chfnh) Cham^ hpc sinh hole cdng ddng dilu hinh n h i trudng, Rit manh/l vityc ehpnmd hinh m i cha m^vlnhCmg ngudi khic edthithinh i i p trudng NGHICN COU c) M&quanhigiaasutUchdvdsUthamgiatrong qudn II dua vdo nhd tnfdng Theo d e nghiin cdu g i n d i y h i l n dang tdn tai bdn md hinh ed h i l u q u i ddi vdi vi§c xle djnh l i ngadi dupe trao quyln q u y l t djnh I p dung SBM (Leithwood and Menzies, 1998): d i l u h i n h q u i n II hinh chtnh; diiu h i n h chuyin mdn; d i l u h i n h cdng ddng; d i l u h i n h sy c i n b i n g Cy t h i nhusau: - Diiu hdnh qudn If hdnh chfnh SBM I i chuyin giao quyln lUc cho h i l u trudng n h i trudng; 0/lu hdnh chuyin mdn SBM t i chuyin giao quyln quylt djnh chd y l u d i n g i i o v i l n ; - EXiu hdnh cdng ddng SBM l i sy chuyin giao quyln quylt djnh chd y l u cho cha m? hpc sinh hole cdng ddng; - Diiu hdnh sgedn bdng SBM t i t i m cho ed sy d n bing gida quyln q u y l t dinh gida cha me hpc sinh v i giio v i l n m i d hai d i u )i d e tiln ddi chfnh d a b i t cd n h i trudng nio d) Mdi liin hi giffa sutuchd - sU tham gia vd trdch nhiim N i m gida chudi tU chd - tham gia, dd t l trich nhilm Tgi mdt sd qudc gia, t r i c h n h i l m cOa q u i n II dya v i o n h i trudng l i l i m cho q u i n II n h i trudng mang tfnh minh bgch hon Anderson (2005) d l xuit ba logi trich nhi^m ddi vdi nhOng ngddi d i l u h i n h n h i trudng I p dung li Uiuylt SBM: - Cd trich nhilm g i n k i t gida cic quy djnh va trich nhilm cOa nhdng ngudi ed t h i m quyln v l g i i o due - Cd trich nhilm g i n k i t d c t i l u chuin v l trich nhilm gida d c ddi vdi ddng nghilp cOa hp; - Cd trich nhi^m vdi vile hpc t i p cOa hpc sinh va trich nhilm vdi cdng ddng ndi chung Thyc trang thuc h i l n q u y l n tU chO, tU chju trich nhif m cda d c trtfdng dai hoc v l cao d i n g Viet Mam Dua v i o k i t q u i khio sit vile thyc h i l n quyln t y chO, chiu trich nhilm cOa mdt sd trudng dgi h p c v i cao ding t r i n dia b i n t h i n h phd H I Ndi h i l n nay, chung ta c d t h i rdt nhdng d i l m hgn e h l q u i n II g l l o due dgi hpe Vi|t Nam nhu sau: Q Cd bd cdn v l n b i n chdng chio t i n chdc n i n g q u i n If n h i nude cda Bd GD&DT; - Quon hi qudn ligiCta cdc ngdnh cdc cdp cd liin quan phdc tap: Cic quan h | cu v l n tdn tai: quan h i q u i n tf d n bd cdn r i p khudn theo e h l dd cdng ehde n h i ndde quan h i t i i ehlnh ddi vdi d c trudng dai hpc v l n mang n$ng tfnh h i n h chfnh, bao elp; d e eo quan g i i m sit ehl d dja phaong hudng d i n thyc h i l n ehda thdng nhit g l y philn phdc t o i n , t h i m ehl cd nhdng khoin chi don vj d l quy djnh quy ehl chi t i l u ndi bd dupe d p cd t h i m quyln ddng y nhung CO quan g i i m sit chi Igi khdng chip n h i n v l budc p h i i ^ y c hi|n theo quy djnh chung; - Cdc trUimg chua dugc giao quyin tgchd thuc su: Mdt v l n d l d n xem x i t t i cic dai hpe t h i t sy cd dupe quyln t y chO theo dung nghTa (tdc li'tychO thyc chit" v i "ty chO thO tyc" (Berdaht, 1990) v l eic m l t nhu td ehde q u i n trj/quin II, t i i chfnh, n h l n sy, tuyln sinh, hpc thu|t/chucmg trinh ) hay ehua d d c dgi hpc khu vyc tinh hinh cdn phdc tgp hem cic dgi hpe qudc gia d e n h i trudng n i y tryc thudc Bd GD8BT mdc dd tuchO ehl p h i n n i o ; - H I thdng dgi hpc Vilt Nam nhilu t h i p kf qua d i hogt ddng vdi r i t It quyln t y chO Bd GD&DT ddng mdt vai trd, v l mdt sd ptiuong diln, g i n gidng nhu Hdi ddng Quin tri cOa d e trUdng dgi hpc phuong Tly, nghTa I I cung d p n g i n sleh, xiy dyng dUdng tdi chiln lupc p h i t triln, eo che q u i n tf cOa cie tn/dng, bd nhilm h i l u trudng Tham chf, Bd GD&DT cdn quylt dinh thay cho d e trudng nhOng vile thudc tinh vyc cOa d c n h i q u i n tl chd khdng p h i i t i chdc nang cOa q u i n trj, nhu chuong trinh d i o tgo, mdc thu hpc phi hay chi t i l u tuyln sinh tdng n i m Vi vly, dao d c trudng ehl t l nhdng nha q u i n It cao d p , vdi nhi^m vy chfnh I I td chdc thuc h i l n nhdng ehlnh sich v i quy djnh cOa Bd b) Mdi quan h^ gida cdc khoa v& nhd trudng Trudng dai hpe bao gdm d e khoa/trudng tryc thudc, h§ thdng phdng t a a cie v i l n nghiin cdu_ Hiln nay, di theo kip xu t h i phit t r i l n cOa xa hdi h i l n dai, n h i trudng dang d i n thay ddi theo hudng dupc t i n g nhilu hon quyln tychO, tychju trich nhilm Tuy nhiln, vile n h i trudng p h i n d p , trao quyln diy dO tdi a) Qudn II nhd nude vi gido due dgi hgc • Chdng chio chdc ndng qudn llglQti Bd Gido elp tryc thudc cdn rit hgn e h l v l hinh thde Thyc trang due vd Ddo tgo (GD&DT) vd cdc b^ ca quan khdc V I mat n i y t | p trung d mdt sd d i l m nhu sau: quin II n h i nude, Bd GD&DT chiu trich n h i l m chung - V I nguyin t i e quyln lyc cao nhit v l n t i p trung Trin cd sd dd, 13 bd n g i n h v i cic dia phUdng q u i n If v i o vai trd cda h i | u trudng Mdt d c h tucmg Ong, vile t i p trung d e cP sd g i i o dye dgi hpc, cao d i n g Theo quylt djnh d d e trudng dgi hpc Vilt Nam cdn nang lult phip, Bd GD&DT I I cd quan n h i t dupe ban theo md hinh truyin thdng vdf quyln lyc km n i m d hinh d e v l n b i n quy pham p h i p l u l t v l q u i n tf gfio cie td chdc h i n h chfnh v l d c n h i q u i n If h i n h chinh; dye elp bd thi vi^c kilrn tra c h i p h i n h d e v l n b i n dd - Nhilu CO sd giio dye da dua h^ thdng van d cie trudng dat hpc cao d i n g thudc d e bd, nginh b i n cd tinh p h i p If quy dinh cu t h i nhdng quyln hgn khic v i UBND 11 eo quan chO q u i n cdn r i t han ehl cOa d c khoa, td bd mdn, cda d n bd gilng viln, cdng Sif 82-THANS 7/2012 •37 Q NGHlCNCtilU- n h i n v i l n v i hpe sinh Tuy nhiln, di v i o thyc t l , cic quyln dd chf mang tfnh hinh thdc v i thO tyc; - Thinh t i p dupe eP quan tra, k i l m tra dug l|p chua mgnh dgn q u i trinh vay vdn cOa d c td ehde tin dyng d l d i u tU p h i t triln, chUa l i m tdt cdng t i e tuyln truyin, t r i l n khai thyc hi§n d i n d i n mdt sd ein bd, v i l n chdc trudng chaa nh|n thdc d i y dd ndi dung, myc dich, y l u d u v l t y chO, t y chju trich nhilm; v l n cdn tdn tgi phd b i l n t i m II ^ Igi, trdng chd v i o sy bao d p cda n h i nude t i m II nggi va chgm d i n nhilu ddi tupng, nhilu linh vyc Td dd d i n d i n nhdng trd nggi q u i trinh thyc hi|n; - Q u i n If dya v i o n h i trudng chf cd t h i d g t hi$u q u i p h i n d p q u i n If g i i o dye dugc t h i c h i hoi b i n g d e quy djnh Ddng thdi, d l cd t h i t h i ehl hoi dupe thi s i ddi hdi d n ed sy phdi hpp da nginh (ft nhit l i nginh giio dye td chdc ehlnh q u y l n v l t i i chinh); Tim k i l m v i x i y dyng dupe d c thinh td co b i n v l xle djnh ndi dung tdng t h i n h td cda md hinh q u i n II dua v i o n h i trddng d d p dd vi md Trin co sd dd mdi n h i trudng se xle djnh v i x i y dyng md hinh chi tilt, k h i thi cho minh; sy tham gia cda cdng ddng, d c lyc lupng giio dye dia phuong v i gia dinh hpc sinh cd vai trd rit quan trpng, dupe col l i d i l u k i | n quan trpng d l tiiui: hi|n q u i n II dya v i o n h i trudng hi$u q u i v i b i n vQng K i t l u i n Q u i n If dya v i o n h i trudng l i mdt dgng cOa phin d p , t i n g tfnh tU chO, t y chju t r i c h nhi|m cho nhi trudng, dd x i c djnh vai trd cOa dem vi n h i trUdng nhu I I mdt bd p h i n cd b i n cOa q u i trinh d l tiln v i dya v i o sy p h i n cdng Igi q u y l n dua quylt djnh l i phuong t i l n chO y l u qua dd m i sU d i tiln dupe thOc d i y v i tri s\f b i n vdng Q u i n II dya v i o n h i tn/dng vdi phuong c h i m t i n g tfnh t y chu, t u chiu t r i d i n h i ^ cho d c ddn vj g i i o due t i mdt d c h t i ^ c|n d l tiiOc d i y nhanh hem q u i trinh trao q u y l n t y chO, tu diju trich n h i l m cho d c co sd g i i o dye dgi hpc Vi^t Nam - Ngoii ra, d i l u ki|n chuyin ddi CO t i i n cOa giio dye dai tipc Vilt Nam h i l n t d tinh hoa sang TAI UEU THAM K H A O dgi t r i , p h i n thu hpe phi ddng mdt vai trd ngiy d n g Brian J.CatdMrett, School Based ManageoKnt quan trpng D i l u n i y cho t h i y nhilu ndi dung d n Education Policy Series, The International Institute for quylt djnh d l vupt ngoii khudn Wn6 cOa trudng dgi Edueatkxial Planning and The International Academy hpc truyin thdng, dd cd v l n d l t i i chinh trUdng of Education, Paris and Brussels, 2005 dai hpc Ibtisam Abu-Duhou, School BasedManagemait, M ^ s6 d l xuit t i n g cudng tfnh t ^ diCi, t u The United Nations Educational, Scientific & Cultural chju t r i c h n h i l m cda d c t r u ^ g dgi hpc v l cao Organization, 1999 d i n g theo hudng t i l p c i n SBM Michael Futtan and Nancy Watson, Sc/ioo/Sosed Trong g i i o dye dgi hpc diOng ta khdng t h i Uy Management: Reconceptualizing to Improve Learning nguyin v^n md hinh cOa mdt qudc gia t h i n h cdng Outcomes Rnal paper prepared for The Wortd Bank: n i o v l n dyng v i o Vilt Nam, eliOng ta tly tinh t h i n cOa 'Improving Learning Outcomes in the Caribbean', 2000 SBM, dd t i trao quyln tychO, tychju trich nhi$m nhilu Nguyin Xuin H l i , Qudn // dua vdo nhd trudng hon cho d c cp sd g i i o d y e Vdi tinh t h i n niy, chung tdi vd mdts6 bdi hgc kinh nghiim cho cdc tru^g phd thdng xin d l x u i t mdt s6 gpi m d vl|c i p dyng SBM ddi Wit Nam Win nay,Tap ehl Giio dye sd 220, Kl 2-8/2009 vdi d c trudng dai hpc cao d i n g Vi^t Nam giai The World Bank, What Is School Based dogn hi|n cOa nude ta nhu sau: Management?, Washington, DC, 2007 ' Cin t i l n hinh chuyin giao ddng bd d c quyln quylt djnh v l t i i ehlnh, n h i n SLC chucmg trinh giio dye SUMMARY v l sich giio khoa, phuong p h i p day hpe p h i t triln The artide discusses the delegation ofauttxiomy and chuyin mdn ddi ngu, sy tham gia cOa cdng ddng v i axountability to Vietnamese univer^ties and colleges in chfnh quyln dja phuong, hd trp ki thu|t v i chuyin mdn accordance v/lth school-based management approach t d phia b i n ngoii, sd dung d c t i l u chuin kilm tra, d i n h (SBM) The CRithor has provided analyses of SBM theory; g i i chit lupng v i hi|u q u i g i i o dye n h i trudng ddng actualstc^sofhighereducationmanagem&itlnVietnain thdt cd co e h l tim kilm v i thu hOt ngudn lyc t d b i n and some recommendations to strengthen autonomy to ngoii d l d i p dng cho sy p h i t t r i l n cOa n h i tnfdng; universities and colleges iising SBM approadi 38-KHMH9C6IAODVC ... d e cP sd g i i o dye dgi hpc, cao d i n g Theo quylt djnh d d e trudng dgi hpc Vilt Nam cdn nang lult phip, Bd GD&DT I I cd quan n h i t dupe ban theo md hinh truyin thdng vdf quyln lyc km n... l x u i t mdt s6 gpi m d vl|c i p dyng SBM ddi Wit Nam Win nay,Tap ehl Giio dye sd 220, Kl 2-8/2009 vdi d c trudng dai hpc cao d i n g Vi^t Nam giai The World Bank, What Is School Based dogn... thdng phdng t a a cie v i l n nghiin cdu_ Hiln nay, di theo kip xu t h i phit t r i l n cOa xa hdi h i l n dai, n h i trudng dang d i n thay ddi theo hudng dupc t i n g nhilu hon quyln tychO, tychju