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NGHIEN CUU & U''''NG DUNG A ^ QUAN LV NHH TRITONG TRUV6N THONG Vfl MO HINH QUAN LV Dtffl VflO NHH TRITONG HI€N NRV ThS Vii Thi Mai Hu omg Tru&ng Dgi hpc Suphgm Hd Npi ehii y den die tinh va nhu ciu ciu t[.]
NGHIEN CUU & U'NG DUNG A ^ QUAN LV NHH TRITONG TRUV6N THONG Vfl MO HINH QUAN LV Dtffl VflO NHH TRITONG HI€N NRV Mo- dau Trong nhirng thip ky gin diy ddi mdi quin ly giao due d i dupe quan tim mdt each rdng rai fren the gidi va Viet Nam vdi muc dich ning eao chit lupng giio due Xu hudng ting quyen ty chii ty ehiu frich nhiem eho eie co so giio due frd thinh xu the phd bien Phin cip, phin quyen fro,ng quin ly thyc chit chi mdi quan he linh boat frong mdi quan he giiia co quan eip fren va eac don vi ca sd Nghien ciiu dudi diy se tip tnmg vio viee phin tieh cie nguyen ly eiia md hinh quin ly dya vio nhi trudng va md binh quin ly truyen thdng fren cie phuang dien: Nguyin ly da hu&ng dong quy, Nguyin ly he thong tu qudn vd nguyin ly hi thong chdp hdnh, Nguyen ly phdt huy tinh tich cue chii dpng cua ngu&i vd nguyen ly chdp hdnh theo quy dinh chat che ciia to chuc Noi dung Mot Id: Nguyin ly tu chu qudn ly nhd tru&ng David (1989) d i tdng ket hai die trung co bin ciia nha trudng ty chu nhu sau: - N h i trudng la dpn vi quyet dinh ehu ylu Quyet dmh ein dirpc ,dinh hudng trupre cho neii can ting, them quyen chu ddng frong vin de tai chinh v i quin ly ciia ,nha tru,dng, giim thilu sy khong che v i kiem soat tir trung uong - Quyln sd hiiu la dieu kien chu yeu eua viec cii each nha trudng mot cich ed lueu qui Nghia l i cin,phai ehuyen quyen sd hiiu tdi cip dp nhi trudng Ngoai ra, ndi den nguy|n ly quan Iy ty chu nghia la can ThS Vii Thi Mai Hu-omg Tru&ng Dgi hpc Suphgm Hd Npi ehii y den die tinh va nhu ciu ciu td ehue eua chinh nha trudng ,de xae Ngupe lai, xuit phat tir dinh nhung viee can tien hanh nguyen ly quan ly hi,en dai frong edng tie quin ly Do nguyen ly da hudng ddng quy, dp eac thinh vien nha trudng quin ly ty ehu eho ring, cd the gdm: ban giim hieu, giio,vien, cd nhieu, cich de dat tdi muc phu huynh HS cd quyen ty tieu, nhan manh tinh mim ehil va ehiu frach nhiem, tuong de,o linh boat, cung nhu eie doi Idn Vi sy phit trien ben dieu kien kliie nhau, eiia nha viing eua nha trudng, hp can trudng, tir dd de xuit nhiing van dung cie tii nguyen de phuang phip rieng phii hpp giii quyet eic van de ma nha de quin,ly Nguyen, nhan eiia trudng dang phii ddi mat, quan diem fren xuit phat tii ddng thdi tien hanh cie boat edng tic giio due hien ddng day bpc v i giio due mdt dMig dien phiic tap, die cich ed hieu qui diem md,i trudng khdng gidng Quan, ly nha ,trudng theo nhau, neu dimg mdt ca ciu quan diem truyen thdng l i tieu ehuin chung i p dit eho hinh thiic quan ly tii ben ngoai mpi nha trudng thi khdng the tac ddng vio nhi trudng, nghTa bim sit thye te va khdng the la edng tie quin ly iiha tnrdng xiy dyng niia trudng hieu qua phu thupc vio quyen uy ben Nguyen ly da hudng ddng ngoii niia trudng bay chinh quy Idiuyen khich trung uong quyen trung uong, nhi trudng frao, cho nha trudng nhieu ehi cd nhiem vu tuin theo Lpi quyen han de nha trudng cd quin ly niy khdng chu y den khdng gian boat ddng Idn hem, die tirih va nhu eiu cua chinh ehil ddng ban frong qui trinh niii trudng, eic thinh vien phit trien vi, dua sieh lupc nhi trudng ehi la edrig cu chip ciia minh nhim budng tdi mue hinh, khdng cd quyen ndi len tieu eao nhit l i day bpc cd hieu tieng ndi rieng v i chiu frach qua " Nhd tru&ng co thi dgt nhiem Hai eieh thiie quan ly dugc muc tieu bdng nhiiu tii ben ngoii va quan ly ty chu ducmg khde nhau, do qudn cd sy khie, ve eieh thiie ly nhd tru&ng doi hoi phdi rat quin ly, td ehiic nha trudng, linh hogt, phii hgp v&i diiu muc tieu giao due va nhiing kiin vd hodn cdnh cua minh." bieu hien [1;116] , Hai Id: Nguyin ly da hu&ng Ba Id: Nguyin ly trao quyin dong quy cho ca s& vd nguyin ly trung Theo each thiic quin ly uang tap trung quyin luc truyln thdng, nhu phuang Trao quyen ty chii, ty chiu phip quin ly khoa hpc va ly frich nhiem eho ea sd va tip luin hanh ehinh, viec quan ly trung quyln lye la bai nguyen nhi trudng truyen thdng nhan ly frii nguac Theo manh luc lupng ben ngoai nguyen Iy diu,, trung uang giam sit miie dp van hanh ciia khdng che mpi vin d l eua nha nlia trudng, so sinh ywngs vdi trudng, nha trudng quylt ,diiih viec dap, iing nhirng ,trmh ty rit it va ludn phai hdi y kiln tir tieu chuin ehung nhit ve eo trung uang, sau dd mdi dua Ngdy nhdn bdi 29/6/2012: Ngay duyet ding 25/7/2012 • TAP CHI THIFT BI GIAO DUC - SO 85 - 9/2012 NGHIEN CI/U& UMG DUNG quyet, dinh eudi eung Dp do, cua chinh sich, xong lai cho ddi, mat vdi nhung vin de ring cd nhieu cich thiic de kh,in cip thi nhi trudng khdng dat tdi mue tieu Do dd, dl the ddi phd ,kip thdi Cd the niii trudng frd thinh m,dt he ndi, frao quyen ty ehii, ty chiu thdng ty quan, ed quyln ty frach nhiem eho trudng lipe ii ehil tuong ddi cao, nghTa la mdt vin de quan frpng cin cii vio ,tiiib hinh,cu thi cii each nha trudng hien dai, ciia minh de phat triln muc nguyen ly niy thdng nhit vdi tieu day hp,e va sieh lupc vl nguyen tie ddng quy da phin quin ly, dieu dpng nhan lue, tich d fren Quan ly dya vio phin piidi nhan, lye va tii nhi trudng ddi fren ea sd nguyen giii quyet vin de va eua viec frao quyen ty ehu, ty dat tdi muc tieu Kem theo sy ehiu frich nhiem Ndi dung co chu ddng dd, nhi trudng,eiing bin ciia nguyen ly li: Mpi lioat phii chiu frach nhiem ddi vdi ddng quin ly vi hoat ddng day eac quyet, dinh cua minh Cd hpe, giio due cua tihi trudng the ndi rang frong cude van khdng frinli khdi nhiing vin ddng ,eii eieh giio due theo dl Id&d khan, viy frao xu the phi tip tnmg ma quan quyen ban frach nhiem ,cho ly ,dya vao nhi trudng la mdt Iiha trudng de cd vin dl bp phin khdng the thieu, vai trd cd the giii quyet kip thdi vi quin ly ,nhi tnrdng da chuyin hiiu hieu Ndi each Idiic, muc tii he thdng chip hinh bi ddng tieu ciia quin ly dya vao nha sang he thdng tu quin Nam Id: Nguyin ly phdt trudng la xay dyng mdt nha trudng hieu qui vi giai quyet huy tinh tich cue chit dpng cita khd Idiin e,hii khdng phii ne ngu&i vd nguyin ly chdp franh vin de Quin ly dya vio hdnh theo quy dinh chat che nhi trudng phu hpp ,vdi yiee cua to chuc ,Cich thiic quin ly, truyen kip thdi phat, hien vin de va giii quyet vin de, ning cao thdng cho, rang chi cin muc chit lupng boat ddng day hpc tieu cua td chire vi eae edng vi giio due i^guyen ly, viec duoc xie dinh rd rang, "giiip cho viec gidi quyet kip ngiiTa li ehiing ta ed the dat th&i vd CO hiiu qud nhimg tinhhieu qui cao frong ,boat ddng huong xdy hogt dpng td chlie ed co ciu td chiic chit che Tuy nhien, td cua nhd tru&ng " [ 1; 116] Bon la: Nguyin ly hi thong ehlic dd van hinh khdng dupe tu qudn vd nguyin ly he thong tdt hoae niy sinh vin de tbi eo.ciu bi true frie Theo quan chdp hdnh Xet toan bd chinh sach dilm niy, viec quan ly nha giao due, he thdng nhi trudng trudng thudng cd khuynh diudng dupe coi la phuong hudng ting cudng giim sat tien de dat tdi muc tieu ciia quin ly cung nhu ting eic dieu chinh sieh, hoic,la mdt he le dl Ididng ehe He qui tit yeu thdng ein sy khdng clil tii cua cich thirc quin ly li ben ngoii ,Trong ea ehe quin sy md rpng eiia bd may binh ly theo chilu dpc, nhi trudng ciiinh Mdt hien tupng phat la don vi bi ddng nhin lenh tir sinh khac, ed the xay la su trung uong, khdng cd quyen khdng ehi tir ngoii cing m^nii ehii dpng vi frich nhiem dupe thi cae vien nha frudng cac eip cd thim quyen xae cang dya dim vao quyen luc dinh Trong quin ly dya vao trung uang vi tinh eM ddng niia trudng, chiing ta khdng eua hp cang thap Hiu phii nhin nhi trudng cin dat qui cua phuongti&iiequin ly tdi mue tieu theo sy xie dinh fren la nhi trudng frd nen bi II dd,ng, hieu qua boat ddng rit thip, trung uang phii ting cudng eie ngudn tai nguyen, giim sat va,dieu hanh nhim ning eao chit lupng giio due Cung vdi sy phat triln eua cude van ddng vl quan he eon ngudi vdi eon ngudi (Human Relations Movement) vi cude van ddng ve khoa hpc hanh vi (Behavioral Sciences Movement)frongquin ly hien dai, mpi ngudi di rat coi,frpng anh hudng cua yeu to eon ngudi va hieu ning eua td chiie Quan diem tii nguyen eon ngudi (The human resource Perpeetive) nhin manh ngudi la vdn quy gii, li frpng tim ciia quan ly.,Bieu bien cua nhung quan diem niy frong ITnh vye quan ly nhi tnrdng li uu tien phit trien ngudn nhan lye vi phit huy tinh tieh eye ehil ddng eiia ngudn l,ye niy Bit ngudn tii quan diem nay, quan ly dya vio nha trudng liy mue tieu xiy, dyng mdi trudng thich hpp de mpi thinh vien frong trudng deu cd the tham du, phit trien sd trudng ciia bin thm Bdi viy, viee nang cao chit lupng giio due nhi trudng ehil yeu li qui trinh xuit phat tir ndi tai nhi trudng, die biet frong vin,de cii thien piiuong dien ngudn nhin lye Nhieu n ^ e n ciiu d,i eho thiy, diem miu chdt de ning cao chit lupng nhi tnrdng li thiie diy dupe tinh tieh eye, ehu ddng eiia ein,bd cdng nhin vien D,o dd, ein cd sy dich ehuyen din din tir,phuong thii quin ly truyln thdng vdi sy nghiem ngit ciia quy che, dieu le vi td ciiire sang mdt phuong thiic quan ly dya vao nhi trudng coi frpng yeu td ngudi " Nguyen tdc ndy doi hoi nhd tru&ng phdi xdy dung moi tru&ng su phgm thdn thiin, cai wd-, hgp tdc nhdm phdt huy mpi tiim ndng ciia cdc thdnh viin viec xdy dung nhd tru&ng" [1,116] TAP CHI THIFTBI GIAO DUC-SO 85-9/2012 • 3 Ill NGHIEN CUtJ& LTNG DUNG Bang So sanh nguyen ly quan ly dua vao nha truong va nguyen ly quan ly truyln thdng Nguyen ly Da hu&ng dong quy Nguyen ly trao quyen cho ca sd vd nguyen ly trung uong tap trung quyen luc Quan ly dira vao nha trudng Co nhi6u each d6 dat den muc tieu, nhSn matih tinh mem deo, linh hoat, thu phap linh dong - Kip thai giai quyet van de sinh tai co so - Khong ngai sinh van dS - Chii trpng hi6u xuit, chu dong khac phuc kho khan - Co so tir quan ly - Chu dpng khai thac - Tu chiu trach nhiem Nguyen ly he thong tu qudn vd nguyen ly he thong chdp hdnh Nguyen ly phdt huy tinh tich - Phat trifin ngu6n nhan luc npi tai cue chu dong cita ngudi - Cac vien nah tiudng dSu tham dir vd nguyen ly chdp hdnh theo - N6i b6 nha trudng Iuon Iuon dupe cai thien quy dinh chat che ciia to chicc Thyc te cho thiy, sy chuyen dich khdng don giin, neu loai bd hoan toan md hinh quan ly truyln thong vdi die trung la ea eiu td e,huc va dieu le v i cic quy che tbi ngudi se khdng ed dinh hudng, gap khd khin frong dinh gii frich nhiem Ngupe lai, neu thieu tuih ehii ddng, ticii cue eiia eon ngudi thi khdng the n,ing eao mdt eieh huu hieu chit lupng giio, due Tir dd niy sinh van dp cin cd sy hda hop giiia yeu td can ngudi va co ciu ciia to chlie, Dieu dupe coi li van dl cdtjdi ciia quan, nhung den vin chua dupe giii quyet thiu dio, triet de Mdt phuang in dupe de xuat de giii quyet li "tmii chat- long ddng hanh" (Simultaneous Loos Ti^t Properties) Npi dung co ban eua cich giii quyet li, ddi vdi quan ly nha trudng ed the can cii vao nhung ,muc, tieu vaehinh sich ehii yeu de dat che dp v i quy dinh ro ring, nghiem khie xie dinh rd vai frd va trich nhiem eho nhi trudng cung nhu vai frd ciia ngudi frong dd Khi quan ly va dieu hanh dupe cu thi frong nhi trudng se tao mdi tnrdng thuan loi d l cic thinh -vien ty chu phat huy sd trudng va nang 34 Quin 1^ truyen thong Dijng phuong phap tieu chuan, trinh tu de dat toi muc tieu; nhan m^inh tinh thong dung, co the ap dung o moi noi - Cap tren giai quyet mpi viec 16n nho - Tranh sinh vin dS - Chii trpng khong che qua trinh - Kh5ng chi tOr ben ngoai - Bi dpng chap nhan - Khong chiu trach nhiem - Cung cSp nhan luc tu ben ngoai - Giam sat quan ly tir ben ngoai - Kh6ng che dSu vao va d3u lye cua bin than Ket luan Trong quin ly dya vio nha trudng frich iihiem, quyen quylt dinh va quan ly dupe frao eho hieu trudng, giio vien, cha me hpc sinh, cdng ddng xa hdi v i ddi l i e i HS Muc dich m i quin ly dua vao niii trudng hudng ,den la d i m , b i o tinh cdng bing, diing din v i minh bach cua eie quyet dinh dupe dua Cac ttiinh vien tiiam gia,quan ly ed quyen quyet dinh ve mdt hoac nhieu ming boat ddng quan trpng eua trudiig niiu: Phan bd tai ehinh, tuyen dung hay sa thii giao vien va nliin vien khae frong trudng, xiy dyng chuong trinh, lya chpn tii heu hpc tap, diu hr co sd vit ciiit, d i n h g i i giio vien va HS Nhiing dieu niy duoc dya fren cac nguyen ly co ban nhu d i p h i n tieh, tao nen nhiing uu the va khie biet sp vdi md hinh quin ly truyen thdng lugng vd cong bang gido due", NXB Dai hoc Su pham Ha Thi Thu Trang (2010), " Mo hinh quan ly dtfa vdo nhd truing tren the gidi", Tap chi quan ly giao due Caldweil, B J (2005), "School-Based Management Education Policy Series", histitute The International for Educational Planning and The International Academy of Education, Paris and Brussels CaldweU, B J (2002), Self"Autonomy and management: Concepts and Evidence" hi Bush, T, & Bell, L (Eds.) Cook, TD (2007), "School - Based Management in the United State", Background Paper Prepared for the Programmatic Study on School - Based Management for the World Bank, Washington, DC Summary Ihe diffeiEnces of tradisional management model and shool based Tai liSu tham khao Trin Kilm (2010), "Khoa hpc to chiee va to chttc gido due", NXB Dai hpc Su pham ' Trin Thi Bich Lilu (2005), "Qudn li dua vdo nhd trudmg - Con ducmg nang cao chat The purpose of shool based management is tnilfiil, equality of decisions The article analized the differences oftiadisional management model and shool based management in some aspects: self management, making peô5)le active ã TAP CHI THIFTBI GIAO DUC-SO 85-9/2012 ... ngudn nhan lye vi phit huy tinh tieh eye ehil ddng eiia ngudn l,ye niy Bit ngudn tii quan diem nay, quan ly dya vio nha trudng liy mue tieu xiy, dyng mdi trudng thich hpp de mpi thinh vien frong