24 30 9 2011 DtSH/vfljHpC PhiTdng phap hpc tap ciia hpc sinh, mpt mat yeu trong giao due nha triTcAig hien nay Hdi Khoa hoc QUOC CHAN Tam li Giao due Thanh Hoa Qua mdt thdi gian dai, vl nhilu lijr nhU[.]
24 30 9-2011 DtSH/vfljHpC PhiTdng phap hpc tap ciia hpc sinh, mpt mat yeu giao due nha triTcAig hien QUOC CHAN Hdi Khoa hoc Q ua mdt thdi gian dai, vl nhilu lijr nhU thieu sach giao khoa, ndi dung sach chua tot, thilu cd sd vat chit phUdng tien day hpc, chi tap trung vao hlnh thOc day hpc tren Idp, vdi phUdng phap chu y l u la giao vien giang hpc sinh nghe, giao vien dpe hpc sinh chep, each kiem tra, thi cO phan Idn ddi hbi hpc sinh thupc kiln thOc luyen mpt sb each giai, loai bai , da d i n dan hinh cho hpe sinh Ib'i hpc tap lac hau, ehUa dap Ong dUdc yeu eau eua ngUdi lao dpng xa hdi phat triln doi mdi hien nay, lubn dbi hbi san pham nha trudng dao tao phSi biet van dyng kiln thOc dpe lap, linh hoat, sang tao, de giai quyet cac tinh hubng cube sbng dat Ngay xOa, nIn kinh t l ndng nghiep chUa phat trien, xa hpi it bien dpng, nen thay thUdng day hpc tro phUdng phap hpc thupc kieu: "mbtre sach in" Tuy vay, sau hpc xong, thi cOdo dat, ngudi ta deu phai dam nhiem cdng viec xa hpi NhiJfng ke dupe giao chOe vu, can phai dap Ong yeu cau cua nha nUdc phong kiln, thdi binh thi hp iam cac cdng viec hanh chinh, sang tac thd, phu, van chUdng, thdi chiln thi cam quan danh giac, biet ca kinh t l , ngoai giao, nghien cCfu, sang tao dUde nhiing tae pham ve nhilu ITnh vUc khoa hpc Bdi le mpt sb thay giao gioi thdi xUa cung da biet tap dUdt cho hpc trd ve phUdng phap hpc tap, vi nhu cau dbi de ren luyen sU nhanh tri, linh hoat dbi dap, hoac dbi hbi tinh doc lap, sang tao bang each yeu eau ngUdi hpc sO dyng kien thOc sach vd, kinh nghiem ban than de giai cac de thi hOdng, thi hbi, thi dinh, mang tinh chit tinh hubng nhU: iam each gl de dpp dUdc nan tham d? giO dUde pham chit liem khiet? Gin gui vdi dan? bdt xa xi hoang phi? Cd le bat cO thdi dai nao, nha trUdng cung phai giao dye hpc sinh theo yeu cau ciia xa hbi, va dieu ed ban la hpc de ma hanh, de lao ddng, lap nghiep, nubi sbng ban than va phyc vu gia dinh, dIt nUdc Song thUc tien cube sbng la rit linh dpng ludn dat nhOng tinh hubng mdi me, bat ngd, khbng cd san nbi dung hpc tap d trUdng Vi vay, tO thdi xa xUa, nhieu nha giao dye da tUng neu y kien can coi trpng viec day cho hpc trd phUdng phap hpc tap ma net noi bat la hp phai tu suy nghT, tim hieu cac kiln thOc sach vd thay truyen thu va phai biet van dung kiln thOe db mbt each linh hoat de giai quyet nhOng van de dat cupc ddi Chang han, Khong TO la nha giao dye Idn ciia Trung Qube thdi c6 dai da tOng ndi, dai y: Vat cb gbc, thay chi bay cho trd gbc, cbn gbc Tam li Giao due Thanh Hoa phai ty tim hieu lly Neu chi hbi iam t h i nao, iam the nao thi khdng day nOa! Hoac nha giao due Tiep Khlc thdi trung c6 Komensky, da ti/ng khuyen ngudi thay day can phai giao dye hpc trd be quan sat, pai gi nghe dydc thi cho nghe, thay dupe thi cho thly, ngiii, nem, sd, md dUdc thi cho ngOi, nem, sd, md Cang cho hpc trd sO dung nhieu giac quan bao nhieu de tlm hieu sU vat cang tot bIy nhieu! Tuan TO, nha trilt hpc va giao due Trung Qube thdi eo dai eung da d l xult phUdng phap hpc, ma nha trUdng chung ta van ehUa thue hiSn dUdc Dd la sU hpc phai: "Nhap ho nhT, chO ho tam, bb ho til chi, hlnh ho dpng tTnh" Nghla la thay day lam cho de tro nghe vao tai, sang len long, phan khip tay chan vcd chuyen hanh dbng Ndi theo cac nha tam ly hpc hien dai thi qua trinh hpc tap Tuan TO de xult cd cd sd khoa hpe va se dua lai kit qua tot dep, neu ngUdi thay qua trinh day hpc huy dbng dUdc chOc nang tam ly ciia hpc la nhan thiic (Tri giac, quan sat, suy nghi), cam xuc, tinh cam (rung dbng, hOng thii, say me ) va hanh dbng (van dyng kien thOc bang cac thao tac, kT nang.) Hien phUdng phap hpc tap eua hpc sinh la hpc thuoc kiln thOe, lam dung cae bai tap quen thupc theo mpt kilu dang cbn kha ph6 biln, nhung thuc ta cac em chua that nim vCfng Thi dy cho mpt sb hpc sinh, dd ed ca hpc sinh gioi, tO Ibp din Idp phat bieu qui tie: "cdng mbt phan so vdi mpt phan sb cb mau gibng nhau" va giai hai bai tap quen thupc: £3 3~ Thi cac em deu phat bilu chinh xac, giai diing Tit nhien giao vien se cho diem cao va danh gia hpc sinh "nim vCing kien thOc" The nhUng hau hit sb hpe sinh tren lai khbng giai diidc bai tap sau: 5_ f- — - A hoac—I A_ - Thye t l chOng tb rang hpc sinh hpc thubc, nhOng chiia nim vOng kiln thOc, vl von da khae sau thdi quen van dgng kien thOc de giai bai tap mpt each eOng nhae, theo dodng mbn, khdng t h i linh hoat, sang tao gap phii loai kilu bai tap md me, khae biet! Day chinh la nhUde dilm v l phUdng phap hoc tap, hoat dbng tri dc ciia hpc sinh hiSn nay, khiln budc vao drt DaUvaHpC 809 20^^ lap nghibp cac em se bd ngd van dung kiln thOe li&n quan de giai quylt eac tinh hubng thiic tien cupc sbng dat ra, da dang, mdi me Cung nhU vay khdng thieu gi trUdng hpp nha trudng day hpc sinh phai trung thUc, that tha, song tinh trang gian Ian hpc tap, thi cO vln bien, hoac day hpe sinh mubn phat trien t h i lUc phai tap t h i due, the thao, song v l nha, miy thang nghi he hilm thly hpc sinh ty giac tap the due Cung nhu vay, mbt v l n de bOc xuc hien cua nUdc ta la tai nan giao thbng va luat giao thdng da dUdc dUa vao giang day cac trUdng hpe, the nhUng nhieu hpc sinh lai la dbi tUdng VI pham luat! Thuc trang trbn ddi hbi can doi mdi nhanh phUdng phap day eua giao vi§n, d l hinh cho hpc sinh phUdng phap hpc c'an thilt, giup cac em cd the thich Ong vdi cupc sbng ciia mbt xa hdi doi mdi nhanh va hit sUc nang ddng Trong thdi dai kiln thOe loai ngUdi gia tang theo elp sb, n§n cd t h i sach giao khoa du mdi bien soan, it nam sau(da thly thilu sdt, lac hau Bdi thi, nha trUdng can coi trpng day cho hpe sinh bilt each hpc tap, de cae em ed nhu eau tU hpc, tU tim hieu, iam giau them von kinh nghiem ban than, cung nhu van dyng kiln thOc mpt each linh hoat vao cupc sbng Cung can nbi them rang lau nha trudng chung ta quen tap trung vao hinh thOe day- hpe tren Idp, chOa quan tam dung mOc cac hinh thOc day- hpc ngoai Idp, ngoai trOdng, d gia dinh Song kinh nghem cho hay nhiing hinh thOc cd kha nang huy dpng dUdc chOc nang tam ly la nhan thOc, cam xuc tinh cam va hanh dbng ciia hpc sinh, nen giup cac em ITnh hbi dUdc kiln thOe sau sic, ed nhu cau van dung, hpc hbi, tim hieu them, gdp phan hinh cho hpc sinh phUdng phap hpc tap mdi Mpt giao vien day bp mdn Lich sO cho biet, each day gan nOa t h i ky, day mpt bai sO cb lien quan den di tieh Ijch sO d gin trudng, dng dan hpc sinh tdi dly day Mdi day nha trUdng tb chOc l l ky niem 55 nam lap, dng ed djp gap lai mpt sb hpc sinh cu, nhieu ngadi da nghi hou, nhUng hp van nhic lai bu6i hpc Ijeh sO nam xOa, vdi mot tinh cam triu men, dac biet hp cbn ke t§n cac nhan vat, dia danh, sy kien , nhy the vOa nghe thay giang nam nao! N l u ed t h i thi nSn dUa vao chUdng trinh hien them ' hinh thOe day hpc ndi thUe dia dbi vdi mpt sb bai giang Bdi le sau 12 nam hpc thdng, hau h i t hpc sinh khdng ' bilt eac cd quan Dang, r^ha nUde, dja phUdng tb ehOe, iam ' viec nhu t h i nao, mpt sb nha may, doanh nghiep san xult • sao, nhOng canh dbng ndng dan da sO dung gibng lua, ' phan bbn, ky thuat nao Tham chi ed doan tham quan • gap hpc sinh xa ben canh que hUdng cua mpt danh nhan dIt nude, nhUng hbi tham dja d i l m cae em eung khdng bilt! Day hpc g i n vdi cupc sbng se giup hpc sinh hilu bilt kiln thOe sach vd tbt hdn, ma edn hinh cho cae em suy nghT, dat van d l dd'i vdi nhOng mat tbn tai, d l sau cae em se gdp phan giai quyet va day cung la mpt mat ' quan trpng ciia phOdng phap hpc tap mdi sach vd cdn chep mdt sb nha giao dye tai nang nhy Khong TO, Chu van An, Nguyen Binh Khiem, Nguyin ThOc TU , thudng sO dyng phUdng phap day hpc ngoai Idp, dan hpc trd tham quan, tham nhap cube s6ng, qua db d l day ehO, day ngadi Cb Ian Khbng TO dan hpe tro den xem mdt cai binh la Nlu rdt dly nOde thi db, khdng cd nUde nb dOng nghieng, node vOa nOa binh thi nd dOrig thang Hpc trd hbi vi sao, Khbng TO da giang cai binh cung nhO ngUdi ta, giau ed tot dinh, tham vpng qua dd tit se bi db; nhung trbng rbng khdng cd ti gi thi dOng khbng vOng, dOng nghiSng; chi mOc vOa phii la dUdc 25 vCfng chai Dd chinh la eai thuylt:" Trung dung" ma ta vOa day! Nhu vay, qua viec hUdng dan hpe trd quan sat mpt sU vat thUe te, Khong TO da kfch thfch sU suy nghT, tlm hieu va dan dIt hp ITnh hpi dUdc mot kien thOc trilt hpc tri/u tUdng, dd la hpe thuylt: 'Trung dung" cua dng Thay Nguyen ThOc Tu, ngUdi da dao tao nhieu hpc trd trd danh nhan dIt nUde nhU Phan Boi Chau, Dang Thai Than, Ngd DOc Ke, Nguyin Sinh Sle cd Ian din hpe trd den tham mdt ngpn niii d xO Nghe va cho hp de thd "Dang Ddng Sdn" ("Len nui Ddng Sdn", la ngpn nui d Trung Qube, ndi Khong TO thudng dan hpc trd tdi day binh giang thd van) Thay Tu hUdng dan hpe trd quan sat, rung cam trUdc eanh dep eua que hUdng, de lam nen nhOng bai thd hay Nhung thay eung ed ehu y lien he tdi eanh dIt nUde dang bj thUe dan Phap dd hp, de giao due hpe tro y thOe dOde rang dat nude bj mat thi eung ' khdng edn ehb d l sinh sbng, hpc hanh, lap nghiep Qua dd thay TU da iam tbt viee day chO de day ngUdi va hinh dupe cho hpc trd phUdng phap hpc d l hanh, de giai dap nhCfng van de xa hdi dUdng thdi dat Trong miy nam qua, tim hieu nang lUc tri tue cua hpe sinh thdng bing cac loai Test Gille, Raven, chung toi nhan thay da sb hpe sinh Tieu hpc giai sai cac bai tap sb 28 ,38 53 cua Test Gille va 31B, 33B, 35B cua Test Raven mau Nguyen nhan mle loi d Test Gille la hpe sinh khbng ed thdi quen va khdng biet each quan sat, bde Id tinh trang cbn day chay, ehUa chu y sO dung phUdng tien trUc quan, thf nghiem, thUC hanh cac gid day tren Idp Khi phan tfch loi cua hpc sinh gill cac bai tap Test Raven mau ndi tren, ehung tdi lai thly cac em chUa bilt phUdng phap tU duy, cy the la khong bilt sO dung cac thao tac phan tieh, so sanh, tong hdp, khai quat hoa, suy luan, phan doan Dieu chOng tb rang day tren Idp, giao vien ehUa ehu y ren luyen cho hpc sinh phUdng phap tu duy, phUdng phap hoat dpng tri dc Khoa hpe da khang djnh ring nhiing nha sang che, phat minh, cai tiln kT thuat cdng nghe xUa nay, deu la nhOng ngUdi cd dc quan sat, phat hien nhOng cai mdi, cai phi ly va bing kha nang, phan tieh, suy luan, phan doan cua minh, hp da tao dOdc nhCtng san pham vat chit va tinh than ed gia tri cho xa hpi VI t h i day cho hpe sinh bilt each quan sat, tu la mpt yeu eau quan trpng, nham doi mdi phUdng phap hpc tap Cdng cupc eai each giao dye dang tien hanh da ehu trpng dbi mdi npi dung sach giao khoa, ed dii sach tham khao, tang cUdng cd sd vat chit, cae loai phUdng tien day hpe nhU dung true quan, thilt bj thf nghiem, thUe hanh, vi tfnh , eai tiln vi&c de kiem tra, danh gia, thi eO , da tao dieu kien thuan ldi de giao vi§n doi mdi phudng phap day, nham xay dyng cho hpe sinh mpt phypng phap hpc tfch eye, phu hdp vdi nhOhg doi hbi bOe bach eua cude sbng xa hpi! The gidi rit biln dpng, khoa hpe, cdng nghe, san pham dbi mdi nhanh ehdng, kinh te thj trOdng phat trien va canh tranh quylt Net, khbng the cb mbt qube gia nao dOng ngoai cube Tuy giao dye cung nhU mpi ITnh vUe xa hpi khae, mubn phat triln d i u phai theo qui luat ke thOa Song nha trudng chung ta mbt mat can phat huy nhiing uu diem eua giao dye truyen thbng, mat khae lai phai ed nhiing dbi mdi manh me v l hoat dpng day- hpe, de kjp thdi dao tao t h i he tre cd dUde pham chat, trinh db, dap Ong dbi hbi eua mpt dIt node dang cin phat triln nhanh, bin vCfng, db viSc ddi mdi phUOng phip day va phUdng phip hpc cd mdt vai trd het sUc quan trpng vi bUc thietI ... thilt, giup cac em cd the thich Ong vdi cupc sbng ciia mbt xa hdi doi mdi nhanh va hit sUc nang ddng Trong thdi dai kiln thOe loai ngUdi gia tang theo elp sb, n§n cd t h i sach giao khoa du mdi bien... cd kha nang huy dpng dUdc chOc nang tam ly la nhan thOc, cam xuc tinh cam va hanh dbng ciia hpc sinh, nen giup cac em ITnh hbi dUdc kiln thOe sau sic, ed nhu cau van dung, hpc hbi, tim hieu them,... hinh dupe cho hpc trd phUdng phap hpc d l hanh, de giai dap nhCfng van de xa hdi dUdng thdi dat Trong miy nam qua, tim hieu nang lUc tri tue cua hpe sinh thdng bing cac loai Test Gille, Raven,