L y NGHIEN c a u THUC TRANG VE PHUONG PHAP HOC TAP CUA SINH VIEN DAI HOC 1 Datv£nde Gilo due dai hoc (GDDH) cd trdeh nhilm xdy dung ngudn nhan lUe eho xd hdi, ddo tao dpi ngu edn bd khoa hpe, kT thult[.]
L y NGHIEN c a u THUC TRANG VE PHUONG PHAP HOC TAP CUA SINH VIEN DAI HOC Ts.TinnniGTiiiHOA T M n i Bai hK sa phan lU H^ 1.Datv£nde Gilo due dai hoc (GDDH) cd trdeh nhilm xdy dung ngudn nhan lUe eho xd hdi, ddo tao dpi ngu edn bd khoa hpe, kT thult ed trinh dp ehuyin mdn eao, nIm vdng v l Cfng dyng d e tri thdc thUe tien, ddi mdi va ehuyin giao edng nghe, thuc hien thing lpi su nghiip edng nghiep hod (CNH), hiln dai hoa (HOH) dat nude Lult Gilo due (2005) ChUOng II, Muc 4, Dilu 40 ghi rd: 'Phuang phdp GDDH phdi coi viic bdi dUdng y thde tiigide hgc tap, ndng luc tuhgc tU nghien cdu, phdt trien tUduy sdng tao rin luyen kindng thuc hdnh, tgo diiu kiin cho ngudi hgc tham gia nghiin ciiu, thue nghiim, ling dun^ Cic nhi gido due da khang djnh hpc tap d bac dai hpc (DH) g i n liln vdi tU nghien cdu Nhimg sinh viln (SV) cd thdnh tieh hpc tap cao d i u Id nhCfng ngudi cd nang lUc tu hpc Khoa hpc edng nghe hiln phdt trien vdi tdc dp vd cung nhanh ehdng d i n den lupng thdng tin, kien thdc, kT nang SV phdi trang bj ngdy d n g nhieu thdi gian hpc tren Idp ed han Vi the SV phii bilt d c h td chdc tu tioc va ren luyen phuong phdp tu hpc, tu nghiln cdu d l cd the thanli cdng d bac DH vd sin sdng cho viee hpc tap sudt ddi Cle nghien edu d Viet Nam vd tren the gidi da ehi ring, rat nhilu SV DH ehua biet d c h tU hpc mdt d c h hilu qui nIn k i t q u i hpc tap edn thIp, so lupng SV thi trupt ede mdn hpe cdn nhiiu Mdt nhCfng yeu d u ddi mdi quan trpng hiln cua nIn GDDH Viet Nam la ddi mdi phuong phdp gidng day theo hudng tang cUdng thUe hdnh, giup SV biet cdeh tU hpc va hpp tdc hpc tip; tfch cue, ehu ddng, sang tao phdt hien v l gili quyet van d l , chiem ITnh tri thdc mdi Mudn giiip SV tu hpe cdng thi gilng viln (GV) phdi hieu dupe ddc dilm hpe tap eua SV v l kilu hpe cua hp d l td dd cd the giup SV nhdn thdc rd hp dang hoc nhU t h i ndo, d n dilu ehinh nhCfng gl d l ning cao chat luong hpc tap Trong bdi vilt nay, chung tdi dua cdi nhin tdng quan v l thUc trang hpc t i p cua SV Idm co sd d l dilu chinh d c h gidng day theo hudng hd trp SV tu hpe hieu qud Cic sd lieu ed t h i dung Idm co sd (baseline survey) d l so sdnh vol nhCfng sd lieu ve phuong phap hoc tdp (PPKT) cua SV nha tnidng td chdc dao tao theo h i thdng tin chi de so sdnh, ddi mdi PPHT cua SV va phdn tieh tdc ddng cua cdeh thde ddo tao tfn chi ThUc trang v l PPHT cua SV Chiing tdi tiln hdnh nghien cdu tren 522 SV d e khoa: Todn, Vat If, Hda d nam thd nhat vd nam thd tU cda TnJdng DH Su pham Hd Ndi v l PPHT eua SV Trong qud trinh nghiln edu, chung tdi sddyng phdi hop cacphuong phIp sau: Phuong phap dilu tra giao dye, phuong phdp phdng vIn, phUOng phIp quan sdt, phi/ong phap phan tfch dinh lupng, phuong phap phan tieh djnh tfnh.Trong phuong phap dilu tra giao due, chung tdi md hda ede y hdi ve PPHT nhu sau: Nhimg y hdi t h i hiln PPHT ddo slu (tfch cue) se dupe md theo chieu thuin, tdc Id 'thudng M-KHOAHOCGIADDI xuyin" dugc diem, 'thinh thodng' dupc dilm, "hiem khi'dupe dilm vd 'khdng bao gid* dupe dilm; nhOng y hdi the hien PPHT phien dien (tiiu ddng) se dUgt na nghieh ehilu, tdc Id 'thudng xuyen' dupc dilm,*thU) thodng"dupc dilm,"hilm khi'dupcidilmvlTihong bao gid'dUpc d i l m Dudi dly I I k i t qud thtic trang: 2.1 Mdc tich etfc cae hinh tlidt hoc tdp ciaSV BIng cho thay SV hpc tap tfch cue nhat II hpc gid thi nghiem, thuc hinh (DTB = 2.22), rdi din gid hpc thdo luan, seminar (0TB = 1.90), Idii tuhpc(DTB= 1.75)va thy dpng nhat id tnang gid hocB thuyet (0TB =1.68) Bdng 1: Mde dd tich cue ede hinh thdC hoc tdp cuaSV \, Cac hinh thdc hoc Trong g i d li t h u y e t N Min Max Diem led) TB diiu; 522 033 2.89 1£8 0.44 Trong g i d t h I o luan, 522 seminar 0.00 3.00 1.90 0.58 Trong g i d t h i n g h i e m , 522 thue hdnh 0.00 3.00 2.22 058 « Trong t U hpc 522 0.43 2.86 1.75 OM] Chung ve PPHT 522 0J1 Z86 1.90 03Sj i * PPHT d c gid li t h u y l t * Phdn tfch cdc PPKT eu the eua SV gid hgc I thuyet, chung ta thay chi cd PPHT ddo sdu dupc kha nhilu SV sd dung (Bang 2), dd Id: Ghi nhCfng y chiidi thdnh mdt ddn bat rd rang (DTB = 22^] vdi 40.4% SV thudng xuyen I p dung; Ddnh dau nhiitig cho chua hilu de sau gid hpe se hdi ban b l (0TB = 2.08) vdi 31.6% Sii thudng xuyIn I p dyng; Danh dau nhCfng chd chua hies de sau dd tU tim tdi lieu dpc thIm (DTB = 2.03) vdi 30.7* SV thudng xuyIn l p dyng Chi ed mdt sd it SV d biSi hien tieh cUe eua phUOng phdp hpc dao sdu gicil thuylt nhii: 12.1% SV thUdng xuyen ghi lai nhdng di ehua hieu de sau gid hoe se hdi GV; 12.1% SV thUcmg xuyIn manh dan giP tay hdi GV v l nhCfng chd ehUa hiat 11.9% SV thudng xuyen phdt bieu y kiln xdy ddng Iw 11.3% SV thudng xuyen neu nhCfng thic mSe Hei quan den bai hpc de GV gili dip * PPHTtrong cac giofthlo luan vd seminar Trong d e gid hpe thIo Juan vd seminar, SVcdnhili bieu hien tfch cuc hem, nhCmg PPHT dupc sddvng n t A hon (BIng 3), dd Id: Chuan bi thdt tdt n h C ^ gi s i t t t bdy (DTB = 2.35) vdi 49.4% SV thudng xuyIn l p d i ^ ' Tfch cue suy nghi tim d u hdi dat de cimg thio l # (DTB = 2.05) vdi 285% SV thudng xuyIn I p dung; "Eft cue suy nghi, tim tdi de dua nhiJing y kien ddc dda J l me (0TB = 2.02) vdi 28% SV thudng xuyln I p dung.Ti? nhien, van edn 26.6% SV'hilm khi'vd 13.1% SVkhofl bao gid thay mat nhdm trinh bdy ket qud thIo luan; V3B NGHIEN CDU y j Bdng 2: PPHT cdc gid IS thuyi (max = 3, = 0) Mi^cddapdung C i c h hoc C6 g i n g g h i c h e p d n g n h i e u edng t d t n h d n g gi GV gidng Chi ghi n h d n g y chfnh t h d n h m d t ddn bdi rd rang Khdng g h i gi cd, t i t cd da c d t r o n g gido t r i n h D l n h d i u nhCfng c h o chua hieu de sau g i d hoc se hdi GV Manh dan giO tay hdi GV tap t d c v l c h d chua h i l u O i n h d i u nhQng eho chUa h i l u d l sau g i d hoc se hdi ban be D l n h d i u nhOrig chd chua hieu de sau d d t u t i m tdi lieu doe Tham gia phdt bieu y k i l n x l y d u n g bdi N l u n h d n g t h I c mac tien q u a n d i n bai hoc d l GV gidi dap Thudng xuyen n 280 % Thinh thodng n 199 38.1 % Hilm n 34 % Khdng bao gioi n 1.7 % Do Dilm Idch TB chuan 0.56 0.69 211 40.4 223 42.7 72 13.8 16 3.1 41 7.8 130 24.9 167 32.0 184 35.2 63 12.1 226 43.3 177 33.9 56 10.7 63 121 202 38.7 191 36.6 66 12.6 165 31.6 260 49.8 71 13.6 26 5.0 2.21 1.95 1.57 1.52 2.08 0.79 0.95 0.83 0.92 0.80 160 62 59 2.03 1.65 1.56 0.82 0.78 0.82 1.68 0.44 Dilm TB Dp lech chuIn 53.6 30.7 11.9 11.3 6.5 242 46.4 96 18.4 24 253 48.5 171 32.8 36 230 44.1 182 34.9 51 4.6 6.9 9.8 Phucmg p h a p h p c t r o n g g i d l i t h u y d t Bdng 3: PPHT gid thdo ludn.eminar (max = 3,min ThU^g Cdch hoc xuy£n n ChuIn bi trudc thdt tdt nhCfng gl se trinh bdy 258 49.4 Tliay mdt nhdm trinh bay kit qui thIo luan 65 12.5 Tfch cUc suy nghi, tim tdi d l dUa nhQng y kiln ddc ddo, 146 28.0 mdi m l Tfch cue suy nghT tim eau hdi ddt d l eiing thdo tuan 149 28.5 Chi ngdi nghe cdc ban ndi 101 19.3 Phuong phIp hpc gid thdo luin, seminar % edn 19.3% SV "thudng xuyln" va 29.1% SV thinh thodng chi ngdi nghe ede ban ndi - day Id nhQng SV kha thu ddng hpc t i p * PPHT cac g i d t h i nghiem, thUc hdnh Trong cdc gid thf nghiem, thue hdnh, ddc trUng cda gid hpe ndy Id SV dupe giao d c nhilm vy cu the de Idm theo nhdm hole eho timg ed nhdn nen k i t qud dieu tra cOng eho thIy SV tieh cUe hpe t i p ban, nhilu PPHT ddo slu duoc dp dung hon so vdi ede hinh thde hpc t i p khIc (BIng 4) Cle PPHT ddo sdu dUOc I p dyng Id: Ope kT hUdng d i n trude ldm (DTB = 2.60) vdi 71.5% SV thudng xuyln I p dung; Tap trung theo ddi GV Idm mlu (DTB = 2.74) vdi 83.1 % SV thudng xuySn I p dyng; ThUe hien chinh xlc timg budc theo hudng d i n (0TB = 2.59) vdi 69.7% SV thudng xuyln I p dung; Tu minh vilt bdo edo thf nghilm, thue hdnh (DTB = 2.47) vdi 63.6% SV thudng xuyln dp dyng; Tu tay tien hdnh cae thf nghiem, thao t i c thyc hinh (0TB = 2.45) vdi 61.1% SV thudng xuyln ap dung; Hdi ban eung nhdm nhQng gl chUa hieu tnDng bai thi nghilm, thiic hinh (DTB = 2.32) vdi 48.5% SV thudng xuyln dp dung; Hdi GV nhCfng gi ehua hilu b i i thi nghilm, thuc hdnh (DTB = 2.06) vdi 29.5% SV thUdng xuyln I p dyng = 0J Mdc ap dung Thinh Hilm thodng n n 206 39.5 42 8.0 250 47.9 139 26.6 259 49.6 97 18.6 n 16 68 20 274 52.5 76 152 29.1 172 23 97 % % 14.6 33.0 Kh6ng bao g\b % 2.35 3.0 13.1 3.8 4.4 18.5 1.60 2.02 0.76 0.87 0.72 2.05 1.49 1.90 0.77 1.00 0.58 Tuy nhiln, van cd mdt tl I I nhd SV hoan todn ^ lai vdo ban be, khdng tich cue hpc tap, bilu hiln qua: 11.7% SV thudng xuyen chi quan sdt vd dpc sd lieu; 10.3% SV thudng xuyln chi ngdi quan sdt GV Idm; 7.3% SV thudng xuyln chi ngdi quan sit d c ban llm; 6.3% SV thudng xuyln chi ngdi ghi sd lieu d e ban Idm ra; 6.1% SV thudng xuyen khdng hilu nhung khdng hdi ai; 5.9% SV thUdng xuyen dpi ban cung nhdm vilt bdo edo xong se chip lai * Phi/tfng phdp tU hoc Nhin chung, ehi ed khoing 30% SVtich cUe t i i hoc, vd thudng xuyen dp dung cdc PPHT ddo slu (BIng 5) Nhdng bieu hien v l l p dung cdc PPHT dio slu tu hpc khdng ddng deu, cu t h i nhU sau: - Lim bii tdp: Da sd SV cd tich cue llm bai tap (DTB = 2.50) vdi tl te 59.4% SV thudng xuyln ed gIng tU hodn thdnh d c bdi tap dupc giao, nhUng thUc sU hpc ddo slu thi ehi cd 10.5% SV thudng xuyen cd gIng tim nhilu cdch gili khdc cho mdi bii t i p (DTB = 1.62) Khi gap bdi tap khd, chi cd 29.7% SV thudng xuyln nhd ban gidng hd cleh Idm roi tU minh llm lai (DTB = 2.08) nhung van edn 26.2% SV "thudng xuyln" va 48.3% thinh thoing d l lai dpi GV ehda gid bit tap (DTB = 1.03) Bin canh dd, edn nhilu SV thilu trdeh nhilm tu hpc vdi 8.4% SV "thudng xuyln" va 30.5% SV thinh thodng chip bdi Idm ciia cle ban Sfi 121-THI^G 10/2015* 15 Q NGHIEN COU _ Bdng 4: PPHT gid thi nghiim, thuc hdnh Thudng xuyen N 373 71.5 Doe kT hudng dan trudc Idm 434 83.1 Tap trung theo doi GV lam mlu 364 69.7 ThUe hien chinh xde timg budc theo hudng dan 319 61.1 Tu tay tien hanh thi nghiem, thao tac thuc hinh 61 11.7 Chi quan sat v l doc so lieu 33 63 Chi ngdi ghi sd lieu d e ban Idm 54 10.3 Chi ngdi quan sdt GV Idm 38 7.3 Chi ngdi quan sdt d e ban tdm Hdi GV nhu^g gi chua hilu bai thi nghi&m, thUe 154 29.5 hinh Hdi ban eCing nhdm nhCfng gi ehua hilu bai thi 253 48 nghiem, thUc hinh Khdng hilu nhung khdng hdi 32 6.1 Tu minh vilt bao d o thi nghiem, thUc hanh 332 63.6 Dpi ban ciing nhdm vilt bdo edo xong se ch^p lai 31 S.9 PhUOng phdp hoc thUc hdnh, thi nghidm Cachhoc % - Doe gido trinh, tii lieu: Nhin ehung, SV ehua tich eye tu nghiln cdu giao trinh, tdi lieu hoe tap Chi ed 22.8% SV thudng xuyen dpc gido trinh trudc mdi budi hpc li thuyet (DTB = 1.86); 26.6% SV thUdng xuyln dpc gido trinh sau mdi budi hpc li thuyet (DTB = 1.94) Cd 26.4% SV thudng xuyen vdo mang tim dpc ede tdi lieu liln quan d i n mdn hpc (DTB = 1.98); 20.7% SV thudng xuyln tutim dpc them d c sdch tham khdo lien quan d i n mdn hpc (0TB = 1.88); 18.4% SV thudng xuyen tim dpc thIm d c tdi li^u GV gidi thieu (DTB = 1.87) va chi ed 12.8% SV thudng xuyen dpc elc bai bio d c tap ehf ehuyin ngdnh (DTB = 1.59) Mufcdoipdung Tliinh Hiem idii thodng N N 114 21.8 12 23 57 10.9 13 23 125 23.9 13 25 146 28.0 30 5.7 182 34.9 200 383 132 25.3 190 36.4 135 25.9 182 34.9 126 24.1 172 33.0 277 53.1 60 113 208 39.8 Khong bao gid N^ Dilm TB 3.4 79 167 151 186 31 3.8 5.2 15.1 32.0 28.9 35.6 5.9 2.74 239 2.45 137 1.94 1.82 1.97 2.06 0.80 24 4.6 232 0.79 71 13.6 179 34.3 240 46.0 2.20 130 24.9 32 6.1 28 5.4 2.47 96 18.4 166 31.8 229 43.9 2.14 2.22 0.89 % % 23 4.4 % 2.60 37 7.1 18 20 27 Kch diii£i 0.74 0.67 0.72 0.82 0.88 0.91 0.97 0.94 0.83 0.92 0.58 (DTB = 124) Cdch hoc thudc Idng v5n dupc nhieu SV sd dung, cu the: cd 52.1 % SV thudng xuyen dp dyng ddi hpc thude long d e y ehinh den Idm bdi thi, kilmtiad phdt trien thIm d c ehi tiet; 283% SV thudng xuyln I3pd£ cucmg rdi cd gIng hpc thudc Idng (OTB = 1.15); 123% Stf sau mdi budi hpc li thuylt tiiudng hoc thude nhOtig doan quan trpng (DTB = 1.45) vd 5% SV thudng xuyen co gIng hoc thudc Idng todn bd gido trinh 2.2 So sinh PPHT cua SV * So sinh giuia d c khda Kit hop bdng v l bdng 6, chdng ta thay khdng d su khde biet ve PPHT gida SV ede khod gid hoc li thuylt vd gid thdo ludn, seminar Tuy nhi^n, dtS cd d c khoa deu t h i hiln gidthdo tuin vd semina d e SV I p dung nhilu PPHT d i o slu hem dc ^ hpc K thuylt thdng thudng khac (BIng 6) Cd su khde biet giCfa SV cle khod d c gidthiX hanh, thf nghiem (F = 4.214; p < 0.01) SV K62 - nim tliii tu da tfch cue hoc tap ede gid hpe thf nghiem, tfiifc hdnh v l I p dung nhilu PPHT ddo sau nhat (OTB = 2281 tiep d i n I I SV K64 (OTB = 2.26), SV K63 (OTB = 224) vi thIp nhat la SV K65 (OTB = 2.03) Cd sU khIc bilt giSa SV d c khod kht tU hpc (F = 3.764; p < 0.05) SV K6] tfch cue tu hoe vd I p dung nhilu PPHT dio sdu nhSl (DTB = 1.83), tiep den la SV K65 (DTB = 1.77), SV K62 (0IB = 1.73) vd cudi cung Id SV K63 (DTB = 1.67) Hai sUWA biet ndy da dan den sU khde bi§t PPHT chung ^ SV cdc khod (F = 3.24; p < 0.05) SV K62 tfch eUC hoct?p v l dp dung nhilu PPHT ddo sdu hon SV d c khod edn!?l (BIng 7) -P/iiiWigph(ipdoc:38.3%SVthudng xuyen sddung kT thult ghi ch^p nhCfng doan quan trpng tnang doc (DTB = 2.16); 29.7 % SV thudng xuyen nhd ban be gilng hd nhCfng chd khd hilu t i i lieu (DTB = 2.08); 20.3% SV thudng xuyln thIo tuin vdi ban be ve nhCfng gi dpc dupe (DTB = 1.88); chi ed 17% SV thudng xuygn sQ dung kT thudt dat d u hdi dpc va sau dd tu trd tdi (OTB = 1.70) vd ehi cd 9.0% SV thudng xuyln hdi GV ve nhdng chd khd hieu tai lieu (DTB = 1.44) - Phuang phdp hpc bii: Cd khodng /4 SV dp dung nhdm PPHT ddo slu tu hpe sau gid len Ic^ Cu t h i , 32.4% SV thudng xuyln tU liln lie nhCfng gi hoc dupe vdi thue te cudc sdng vd sin xult (OTB = 2.12); 30.3% SV thudng xuyen tU liln he kiln thde mdi hoc vdi nhQng kien thdc cua bdi trudc (DTB = 2.04); 27.4% SV thudng xuy§n tu lien h i kiln thUe giiia cdc mdn hpc (DTB = 1.97) v l 26.1% SV thudng xuyen tU kiem tra mdc dd hilu bdi cua minh (OTB =1.91) Tuy nhiln, chi ed 10.9% SVtfiudngxuyln lam ddn bdi "Sosanhvlhoclifc chi tilt sau mdi budi hpc li thuylt (DTB = 1.39); 31.2% Cd su khac biet giiia SV cd hoe tUc khIc nhaui* SVcho bilt cdc em thudng ehi hpe sip thi hoac kilm tra PPHT Chung (F = 7.19; p < 0.01), PP hpctrong gldlf t h i # (OTB = 1.08) vd 22.8% SV thudng xuyen chi hoc theo vd ghi (F = 6.60; p < 0.01), phUPng phdp hpc gid t h l o l i * 16 AHOCGUDBUC NGHIEN C i n j ^ BdngS: Cdcphuongphdptuhgc Cach hpc Thudmg xuyen N Khi Idm bdi tap Cd gIng tu hoan thdnh d c bdi tdp 310 Vdi mdi bdi tap, cd qinq tim nhilu each gili khac 55 Nhd ban b^ gilnq hd cdeh Idm nhtmg bdi tdp khd 155 Bdi tap ndo khdng tU tdm duoc thi eh^p eiia ede ban 44 6li tdp ndo khdng tdm duoc thi doi GVchCia gid bai tap 137 Miic dp dpc giao trinh, tdi lieu Doe gido trinh trUde mdi budi hoc If thuylt, danh diu nhdng 119 eho chua hilu Ope gilo trinh sau mdi budi hpc If thuyet, bd sung bii ghi 139 tr§n Idp Tim dpc thSm cdc t i i ll^u GV gidi thieu 96 Tu tim doc them d c sdch tham khdo khde li^n quan din 108 mdn hpe Vdo mang tim doc cdc tdi lieu li§n quan din mdn hoe 138 Doe ede bdi bdo tap chf chuydn ngdnh 67 PhUOng phdp doc Ghi ch^p nhQng doan quan doc 200 Trong doe tU ddt edu hdi vd sau dd tU trd Idi 89 106 ThIo luan vdi ban b l v l nhdng gl doc duoc Nhd ban b^ gidng gidi nhCtng chd khd hilu tai lieu 155 GIp GV d l hdi ve nhQng chd khdng hilu cdc tdi lieu 47 tham khdo Phuang phdp hoc b i i Tu lien hi nhdng gl hoc duoc vdi thuc le eude sdng, sdn xuat 169 Tu lidn hk kiln thde mdi hpc vdi nhdng kiln thUe cda cac 158 bdi trudc Tu tidn hd kiln thQc eiia mdn hoc nly vdi ede mdn hoc khac 143 136 Tu kilm tra mdc hilu bdi cda minh 57 Ldm dan bdi ehi tilt sau mdi budi hoe If thuyet Sau moi budi hpe If thuyet, hoc thupe nhQng doan 64 quan Chi hpe thude ede ^ ehfnh, Idm bdi se phdt trien dupe eac 272 chi tilt Chi hoctheo vd ghi Chi hoe sip thi hoac kiem tra Cd glng hoc thuoc Idng toan bd giao trinh Ldp d l cUOnq dn tap rdi cd glng hpc thudc Idng Phuang phip t u hpc v l seminar (F = 8.35; p < 0.01), phuong phIp tu hpc (F = 7.41; p