TRAO DOI NHA TRirClNG TU CHU VA NGlfOll LANH DAO NHA TRlTOlNG TRONG THdl Ki DOI Mflfl VA HOI NHAP QUOC TE ThS DANG TH! THUY LINH Sdi Giao due v^ Bao tao TP HCM Cd nh i lu quan diem khae nhau ve xu hud[.]
TRAO DOI NHA TRirClNG TU CHU VA NGlfOll LANH DAO NHA TRlTOlNG TRONG THdl Ki DOI Mflfl VA HOI NHAP QUOC TE ThS DANG TH! THUY LINH Sdi Giao due v^ Bao tao TP HCM Cd n h i l u quan diem khae ve xu hudng quan li trudng hpe d thd ki XXI, nhien, khudn khd bai vidt nay, chung tdi tap trung vao xu hudng tradng hgc ti/chii vd Idnh dgo hadng vdo ngadi hgc de xac dinh cac ydu ciu co ban eua ngudi lanh dao trudng hpc bdi canh hdi nhap 1.Trudng hoctuchu va lanh dao sU thay ddi Trudng hoctuchu (Self-managing school) hay cdn dupc goi la trudng tuquan, la san pham eua md hinh quan li giao due theo phuong thUc tang eudng phan cip, phan quyln eho nha trudng Nha trudng dupe giao quyln cae quylt dinh v l phan bd va sif diing hpp li, ed hidu qua cae ngudn ltic (bao gdm chuong trinh giao diic, phuang tidn day hpc, co sd vat chat, ngudn nhan lUe, thdi gian, tai chinh ) khudn khd phap luat va kdm theo trach nhidm giai trinh Md hinh quan li ddi hdi SU phan quyln, sti tham gia cua sd ddng qua trinh quyet dinh, trao quyln tu chu cho nha trudng v l ba van d l Idn nhU: tai ehinh, nhan su, ehuong trinh giao due (sach giao khoa) Oay la eo ehl qudn li nha trUdng linh hoat dtia trdn quy luat eung - eiu giao due nhim dap Ung tdt nhat nhUng nhu ciu v l giao due Giao quyen tu ehu eho nha trudng la mpt phin ctJa CP ehl phan cip quan li he thdng giao due Mue tidu eua vide trao quyen tu ehu eho nha trudng la nhim nang eao chit luong va edng bing giao due bing vide thay ddi quyln lUe va mdi quan hd eua nha trudng vdi cdng ddng va co quan quan li nha nude O l cd the lanh dao trudng hpe tti ehu, ngudi lanh dao trudng hpc phai dupe giao quyln ddng thdi cd trach nhidm eao Oieu lidn quan din eae khia eanh: ThU nhit, dd la quyln tti ehu va trach nhidm vide xac dinh cae ylu td diu vao (nhan life, trang thiet bi, nguyen vat lieu ) can thiet de diu tu va sif dung kinh phied bidu qua nhat ThU bai, quyln tu chu va trach nhidm sd dung tai chinh cho giao diic dung muc dich ThU ba, pbai ed trach nhidm diy du v l vide thue hidn ehuong trinh giao due (sach giao khoa), xay dting hd thdng dam bdo chit luong giao due (phai M KHOA HOC GlAO DUC fVlo hinh nha trudng tu chu - (Calwelt and Spink, 1998) dupe danh gia bdi cac d i l u kidn dam bao c h i t lUong, k i l m dinh c h i t luong giao due) ngudi tdt nghidp v i vide lam sau tdt nghidp Vdi eae ydu c i u ve trudng hpe t u ehu ndu tren, ngudi lanh dao trudng hpc ma trudc h i t la hidu trudng phai ed nhCfng pham c h i t va nang life dip Ung dupc ydu e i u phat t r i l n nha trudng khae hin so vdi ngudi lanh dao trUdng hpc dupe "bao eip'vJ chap hanh menh Idnh, chi thj c i p trdn eoch^ chi huy tap trung, mdnh Idnh tU trdn xudng Trong eo e h l quan li banh chinh-bao cap, da so lanh dao nha trudng d i u tam b i n g Idng, c h i p nhSn thue hidn cac hoat d d n g giao due mdt each nen nep, dn djnh vdi cac d i l u kidn khd khan ehi cd day n h i t mdt ngudn kinh phi tif ngudn ngan sach nha nude TRAO DOI Trong d i l u kien t u chu, ngudi lanh dao tnidng b t x can phai cd su kidn dinh va hoai bao Idn, ludn htjc hdi va rdn luydn ban than, nd lue ed gang de dat tdi nhung mUe dd tdt n h i t , khdng c h i p nhan tinh t h i s i n ed va tim moi each de eai thidn nd tdt hon Cd t h i sd dung chi sd AQ (Adversity Quotient) la cbi sd kha nang Ung xii nghich canh, khd khan, stress, goi til la ehi sd vupt khd d l k h i c hpa hinh anh cua nha lanh dao trudng hpe t t i c h u vdi cae mUc d d ciia y chi va ban linh lanh dao Od la: • Ddi didn khd khan; • Xoay ehuyin cue didn; • VU(3t Idn nghjch canh; • Tim dupc Idi thoat Trudng hoc hUdng vao ngudi hoc va cac vai tro lanh dao nha trucrng Lanh dao trudng hpc hudng vao hpc sinh (ngudi hpc), coi sti phat t r i l n toan didn cho mdi hpe sinh lam trung tam cua mpi hoat d d n g cua nha trudng, hudng mpi nd lire cua nha trudng vao vide hpc tap eua ngudi hpc la ydu c i u hang dau cua lanh dao trudng hpe ciia t h i ki XXI De thiic hien dupe miic tidu nay, trude het c i n quan tam d i n vide xae djnh t i m nhin chung cho c i edng d d n g trudng hpe, va sau dd la the hidn rd sti lanh dao budng vao ngudi hpe Ngadi Idnh dgo tradng hgc du d tradng hgp ndo cung phdi ddng nhCfng vai trd ca bdn nha sau: La nha quan II trudng hpe vdi t u each mpt td chdc banh cbinh, su nghiep va dan su, tac nghidp hpae chuydn mdn; La ngudi lanh dao thtic hidn chuong trinh giao diJc La ngudi phdi hop tham gia eae hoat dpng va luc luong giao due tai edng ddng dja phuang; La ngudi giao vidn, it n h i t ITnh vUe chuydn m d n nao dd, tuong t t i n h u nhifng giao vidn khac; La ngudi t u van hudng d i n chuydn mdn cho giao vidn, la d d n g nghidp Uu tu eua eae giao vidn nha trudng; La nha nghidn eUu, Ung dung trien khai cac boat ddng khoa bpc - cdng nghd; La ngudi hpe tieh ciie, di dau, t i l n phong mdt each cd bidu qua phat t r i l n n g h i nghidp va phat t r i l n ca nhan Chan dung ngUdi lanh dao trUdmg hoc thdi ki hoi nhdp Trdn cP sd eae xu budng quan li giao due trdn day, ehUng ta ed t h i khSc hoa chan d u n g ngudi lanb K dao trudng hpc bdi canh ddi mdi giao due nhu sau: a/ Trinh dp hieu biet vd taduy chiin lagc Hieu biet nhdng xu hudng giao due hidn dai; H i l u biet cac van d l kinh t l - xa hdi eua edng ddng, qudc gia; Cd t u e h i l n lupe; Ludn hudng tdi sti ddi mdi va phat t r i l n ; Chu dpng, sang tao cdng vide; Linh hoat va c h i p nhan thay ddi; Hieu v i n d l va tan dung thdi co cho nhdng thay ddi ed tinh xay dting; Kidn djnh khdng rdi bd mue tidu; Cd kha nang t u hpc b/Ndng lac tochdcvd qudn IInhd tradng Cd tinh than doanh nghidp, dam nghi, dam lam, bidt c h i p nhan nii ro; Cd kha nang gay anh hudng tieh etie d i n moi ngudi xung quanh; Bilt k h u y i n khich ddng nghilp, bpc sinh vuon len; Lam vide tdt n h d m vdi tinh t h i n hpp tac; Bilt hudng d i n , hd trp ddng nghidp, hpe sinh vuon Idn; Cd k h i nang danh gia dung ngudi khac; Cd kha nang sif diing ngoai ngOf (hoac tieng dan tpc vdi cac trUdng d vung dan tde); Manh dan va t h i n g t h i n cae mdi quan he; Cd kha nang sU dung edng nghd thdng tin edng vide; Biet l i n g nghe y k i l n ddng nghidp va c i p tren, b i l t sda chda t h i l u sdt; Tti dat k l hoach va lam vide d l dat tdi nhdng tidu ehuan cao; Cd kha nang hoan edng vide nhOfng d i l u kidn khd khan; Cd kha nang lam v i l e ma kbdng bi anh hudng bdi nhdng dinh k i l n tdn giao, dan tpc, gidi tinh hoac nbUng rao c i n khae c/Cdc pham chdt nhdn cdch Bilt trinh bay y tudng eua minh mdt each rd rang, mach lac b i n g Idi ndi hoac van v i l t ; Cd trach nhidm vdi vide nang cao c h i t lupng hpc tap va giao due cbo hpc sinh, giup hpe sinh phat t r i l n t i l m nang ca nhan; T l nhj, lich thiep ddi xif vdi ddng nghidp va phu huynh; sH77-THANG2/2012'43 TRAO DOI Tu dat k l hoach va lam vide de dat tdi nhung tidu c h u i n eao; Cd kha nang danh gia d i l m y l u va diem manh eua ban than va h i l u duoc nhUng ddng life va ky nang cd lidn quan d i n cdng vide; Bay td cae cam xuc mpt each rd rang va tnic t i l p , Khdng cd eae bieu hidn tieu eUc; Cd su thang bSng cam xue vdi li tri va thtic t l ; Khdng phu thude vao ngudi khac; Quan tam d i n tinh cam, thai dp cua ddng nghidp, hpc sinh, phu huynh Vide tim k i l m nhdng m d hinh mdi vequan li nha trudng va ngudi lanh dao (hidu trudng) nha trudng phu hop vdi xu hudng phat t r i l n eua nen giao due hidn dai t h i ki XXI da va dang la nhdng v i n d l tam d i l m cac nghidn eUu v l quan li giao due, quan li nha t n i d n g d nudc ta va n h i l u nUde trdn t h i gidi NhUng ket qua nghien cifu ve quan li nha trudng va ehan dung ngudi lanh dao nha trudng la nhdng co sd quan trpng de hoach djnh cac chinh sach, t h i che quan li trudng hpc va cac bp tieu chuan hidu trudng d cac c i p TAI Lieu THAM KHAO Brian J Calwell, The principal as leader of the self- managingschooL Australia MCB UP Ltd, 2007 BrianJ Calwell, The ft;ri;re of s/ioo/, Australia MCB UP Ltd, 2009 John Smyth, A socially critical view of the self - managing school, 2009 Tran Khanh OUc, G/doc/ucvdphdt fneb nguon nhdn lac thi ki XXI, NXB Giao due Ha Npi, 2010 Nguyen Lpc, Li ludn viqudn li, NXB Oai hgc SUpham, Ha Ndi, 2010 NhOng vdn di ca bdn vi cdng tdc qudn li tradng trung cdp chuyin nghiip.Tat lieu tap h u i n ciia MOET-AOB, HaNdi,2010 BdGD&OX Ki yeu Hpi thdo quoc glove khoa h(X gido due Viet Nam, Hai Phdng, 2011 SUMMARY The article presents and analyses the model of autonomous school and learner-centered leadership The author compares the difference between autonomous school and the school mode! during central planned period wile listing the basic characteristics school leaders shall have llllllllllllllllllllllllllMllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllltlllllllllllllllllllMllllllllllllIlM NANG CAO CHAT LlTONG DAO TAO fTi'ep theo trang 41) Nhan xet va kien nghj Nhin ehung, k i t qua phdi hpp gida t r u d n g vdi cac doanh nghidp phu thudc phan Idn vao eae y l u t d sau: • Nhu e i u s U d u n g lao d d n g • Mdi quan he gida lanh dao t r u d n g va lanh dao doanh nghidp phap can co giai q u y l t bai toan n g u d n nhan life c h i t lupng cao dap Ung sti nghidp cdng nghidp hda - hien dai hda dat nUde t r o n g t h d i ki ddi mdi va bdi nhap toan c i u • Phuang tbUc phdi h p p mang t i n h "eung cd loi cho ea ddi bdn" TAI Ll£U THAM K H A O Phan van Kha (2006), Phdt trii'n gido due nen kinh te thi tradng dinh hadng XHCN, Tap chi khoa hpe sd 14 t h a n g 11/2006 • Nhan thUe eua lanh dao doanh nghidp v l t i m quan trpng g i n k i t dao tao ngudn nhan life • Nhan thUe ciia lanh dao trUdng va eae trudng khoa ve y nghia quan trpng cua vide g i n k i t vdi eae Doanh n g h i e p n h i m t h a m djnh va nang eao chat lupng dao tao cua don vj Nguyen t h i d n Nhan (2008), Ddo tgo theo nhu cdu xd hpi - mpt gidi phdp chien laac dendng cao hiiu qud ddo tgo hiin Tap ehi day hoc nay, sd 3/2008 Nguyen OUc Tri (2010), Gido due nghe nghiep - Mpt so vdn de li ludn vd thi/ctien Song song dd, Nha nUde e i n ban hanh ebu truong tao d i l u kidn thuan Ipi cho eae t d ehUe xa hdi g i n k i t vdi eo sd dao tao qua trinh tao ngudn nhan ltic ed chat lupng, thay eho ehu trUPng cho phep eae d o a n h nghiep td ehUe dao tao tai chd Day mdi ehinh la m d t nhOfng giai SUMMARY For developing skilled labor meeting the needs of social organizations, the author proposes piloting of linking training and social organizations fot enhancing training quality 4 • KHOA HOC GUO DUC ...TRAO DOI Trong d i l u kien t u chu, ngudi lanh dao tnidng b t x can phai cd su kidn dinh va hoai bao Idn,