THAI D O XA HOI CUA DOANH NHAN DOI vol PHAT TRIEN KINH TE TH! TRUONG VA HOI NHAP QUOC TE CUA DAT NUOC Nguyin Thj Thanh Huyen, To Thuy Hanh Vien Tdm ly hgc TOM TAT Thdi dp quy dinh linh sdn sdng hdnh dpng cua ngudi ddi vdi ddi tifpng theo mpt hudng nhdt dinh Chinh vi vay, ddy Id mot nhdng ngi dung nghien edu khong the thieu cua de tdi: "Nghien ci'm mgt sd ddc diem tdm ly xd hgi cua doanh nhdn nude ta " De ldi dd tien hdnh khdo sdt tren 640 doanh nhdn d thdnh phd ldn gom: Hd Ngi, Dd Ndng vd thdnh phd Ho Chi Minh Trong bdi vie't ndy, chiing toi trinh bdy kit qua nghien ci'ai ve: Thdi dp cna doanh nhdn ddi vdi phdt trien kinh tethi tiudng vd hpi nhdp quoc te ciia dd'i nUdc Ke't qua dien tra cho thdy, nhung ngicdi tham gia nghien cdn dd the hien thdi dp ling hp tucmg ddi tich cue ddi vdi cdc chu truong, chinh sdch cua Ddng vd Nhd nifdc lien cpian di'n plidt trien kinh tethi trudng vd hpi nhgp quoc te qua viic hp ddnh gid khd cao nhCtng tdc dpng tich cite vd ddnh gid thdp hon cdc tdc dpng tieu cue cua kinh tethi trudng vd hpi nhgp qude te'di'n ddi sdng xd hpi vd ngudi nude ta Khi so sdnh giua cdc tiiu chi, chung toi nhdn thdy, CO mpt sd khdc biet co y nghia ve mat thdng ke ddnh gid vi cdc nhom khdch the theo gidi, Ida ludi, hgc vd'n, vung mien, logi hinh, nguon gde doanh nghiep H6i nhap kinh te' quoc te va khu vuc la xu th^ tS^t yeu cua n^n kinh te nu6c ta Ciing vdi viec don nhan su kien nay, cac doanh nghiep noi chung se co ra't nhieu ca h6i phat trien, song dong th6i cung gap khong it thach thiic Trong bdi canh nhu vay, viec cac doanh nhan nhin nhan va the hien thai nhu the' nao dC'i v6i nhGng thuan Icfi va kho khan nirdc ta tham gia hOi nhap se co anh hucmg rat 16n khong chi den su binh 6n va phat trien kinh te' xa hoi ciia 6Kt nu6c giai doan hien tai ma ca nhftng giai doan phat trien tie'p theo Xuat phat tiir each tie'p can nhir vay, bai vie't nay, chiing toi da tien hanh tim hidu thai d6 xa h6i cua doanh nhan tCr goc dp Ong hp hay phan d6'i mot s6' y kie'n xoay quanh v^n de hpi nhap kinh te' qude te' va khu vuc ciaa dat nu6c ta TAP CHI TAM L ? HOC, S (156), - 2012 79 Dudi day la kdi qua khao sit thyc tidn vd vi'n dd ndu tren: So luge ve phuong phap nghidn ciru va mSu nghien c i u Dd lim hidu thai dd cua doanh nhin ddi vdi phat tnen kinh td thj trudng vi hdi nhip qude id cua dit nude, ching tdi da xiy dung bang hdi dudi dang ddng bao gdm 12 mdnh dd Nhing ngudi tham gia nghidn ciu dugc ydu ciu lya chgn mdt phuong an tra ldi phi hgp nhii vdi ^ kidn cua minh theo thang bic t i (Sai hoin loan) dd'n (Dung hoan loan) Trong qui trinh x i ly kdt qua khao sit, mdi phuong in tri ldi cua cac khich thd nghien ciu dugc chuydn ddi sang mdt didm tuong ing Cu thd nhu sau: nhing mpnb dd danh gii cd phuong in tra ldi (ti sai hoan toan ddn dung hoan loan) dugc chuydn ddi tuong ing vdi thang didm bic (ti ddn didm), ndu khach thd lya chgn phuong in t h i I thi dugc didm, lya chpn phuong in thi thi dugc didm v.v Vi didm Irung binh (DTB) ma khich thd dat dugc dugc tinh loin dya trdn co sd cua cic didm chuydn ddi Cic sd lidu bai vidi dugc rit t i dd tai cip bd: "Tim hieu mdt sd' ddc diem tdm ly xd hpi cda lang l&p doanh nhdn nu&c ta Irong giai dogn hiin nay", cic cin b6 Vidn Tim ly hpc thyc hidn nim 2009 - 2010 Cd 640 phieu khao sit cua cac doanh nhin lai ba thinh phd Ha Ndi, Da Ning vi thinh phd Hd Chi Minh duge dua vao s i dung chinh thic de phin tich sd lieu Phan tich ket qua khao sat thuc tidn 2.1 Nhiing bieu hien thdi dp chung Sd lieu trinh bay bang chi ring, phin ldn nhiing ngudi tham gia nghidn ciu loin miu thd hidn Ihdi dd img hd ddi vai phdt Irien kinh le thi trucmg vd hdi nhdp qud'c te cita ddt nu&c Ddng vd Nhd nuac khai xu&ng Didu thd hien qua viec nhing ngudi tham gia nghien ciu nhit tri cao dinh gii nhing mil tfch eye va lieu eye cia kinh td thj trudng va hdi nhip qud'c td cd inh hudng den ddi sdng xa hdi cung nhu boat ddng kinh doanh cua bin thin hp vdi DTB chung cho toan thang la 3,08 Trong dd, tit ca cac menh dd cd npi dung theo xu hud'ng khing djnh tfch cyc cua kinh td thj trudng va hdi nhip qud'c td ddu duge cic khach the cho danh gia b mic didm cao hoic gin sat vdi nguong dudi cua mie didm cao, cdn cac mdnh dd cd ndi dung theo xu hudng dinh gia nhing mat tidu cyc cua vin dd nghien ciu chi dat b mic rit thi'p sau ddi diem cho ddng thuin gia trj 80 TAP CHfTAM LY HCDC, Sd (156), - 2012 Bdng 1: Thdi dp cua doanh nhdn ddi v&i chu truang phdt trien kinh tethi tru&ng vd hdi nhdp qud'c lecua Ddng vd Nhd nu&c Sai hoin loan Micd6(%) Sai Dung nhidu nhidu hon hon dung sai Dung hoan toan Cac menh dc DTB N^n kinh 1^ thi trupng va hpi nhap qup'c t^ la xu thd' tai ydu cua su phal Iri^n kinh td xa hflj hien cia nuic ta 3,49 2,8 45.6 51,6 3,56 0,6 1.9 38,8 58,6 Phal ui^n kinh te' nhidu phlin va hOi nhap qup'c Id da lam thay d6i can ban deli sCing xa h6i nude la Iheo chidu hudng lich cue 3,42 3,5 51,3 45,3 Kinh te' thi uudng phat tri^n va hdi nhap qud'c Id da lam cho ly Id ngudi giSu cd xa hoi cang tang ldn rd rdt 3.41 5,0 49,2 45,7 3.39 0,6 4.1 50,6 44,6 3,46 3,5 46,7 49,8 3,52 3,5 41,5 55,1 3.39 0,9 4,4 49,4 45,3 3,50 1.6 47.2 51,3 Chi c6 lie'p tuc phflt uieii manh me kinh Id' thi uutmg va hpi nliap kinh te' qu6c te' thi nude ta lTl6i CO the' rut ngan dSn khoang cich "lui hau" so vdi cdc nupc phal tri^n tren Ih^ gi6i N^n kmh t^ nhidu Ihanh phin phat tri^n da dem lai nhidu co hdi cdng an vide lam va Ihu nhap cho ngudi dan Kinh Id thi trudng va hdi nhap quo'e td' da thuc d^y nhidu nganh nghe mdi hinh va phal trien Ndn kinh Id' nhi^u phan phat Iri^n da tao thi trudng hang hoa tidu dung phong phi, da dang - ca sd cho nhu ciu cia ngudi dan cang cd di^u kidn Ihoa man va phat lri& Chfnh sach phat tri^n kinh td thi irudng va hdi nhap kinh 1^ qude td cua Dang va Nha nude la ed hdi d^ cac doanh nhan nude ta vucm ldn sanh budc cung cac ddng nghidp khu vuc va thd gidi Hdi nhap kinh td qude id da budc eae doanh nghidp nude phai khing dinh minh vd nhidu mat mdi cd thd ton tai dude, dae bidi la chit luong va gia ca san ph£m TAP CHITAM LYHQC, Sd3 (156), - 2012 81 10.* Phil tridn kinh Id thi Irudng vi hpi nhap qud'c te' lim cho phfln hoi giSu nghdo xa hdi ngky eilng trd ndn sau sdc (ngudi giiu cSng giiu va ngudi nghdo cing nghdo hon) 11.* Phat tridn kinh td thi trudng vi hdi nhap kinh te' qude te' da lim gia tang ddi quan thai nghidp xa hdi 12.* Trong didu kidn kinh Id thi trudng vi hpi nhap qud'c te', phan Idn cic doanh nghiep ndi dia cing gap khd khan nhidu hdn, tham chf cd thd bi phd skn hdng loat khdng du siie canh tranh vdi cac doanh nghiep nude ngoii DTB 1,76 1,3 10,7 50,8 37,2 8,2 22,6 48,6 20,6 0,9 14,8 55,4 28,9 (3,24) 2,19 (2,81) 1,88 (3,12) 3,08 Ghi dui: -Nhiing menh di cd ddnh ddu * dd dirge ddi ngugc diim Irong qud trinh xir ly • Cdc DTB di ngodc ( ) Id cdc gid tri nguyen bdn cua menh de trudc ddi diem Kdt qui nghien cihi eua chung tdi vd mic dd ung hd cua cac doanh nhin ddi vdi phat tridn kinh td thj trudng va hdi nhip quoc td cua dit nude cdn dugc the hien ro suphdn bd khdch the iheo miic DTB md hp dql duac ddnh gid cdc menh di khdc xoay quanh ndi dung ihdi dp ndy Theo cic kdt qua khio sit, ta nhin thi'y ro ring, tdng sd 636 khich thd tham gia tra Idi phin hdi nay, cd tdi 213 ngudi, chidm 33,5% cho dinh gia d mic didm cao (DTB > 3,40) va 353 ngudi, chie'm 55,5% dinh gii d mic trung binh (2,80