Tnc DONG cun PHRT TRI6N KINH T€ THJ TRiro'N& DJNH H I ; N G XS HOI CHU NGHln D^N LOI ICH cun CONG NHnN Nir6c Tn HI€N Nnv ThS Lfe XUAN THUY" rong xu the hdi nhap qudc te cang sau rgng hifn nay, cdng nhan nudc ta tham gia lao ddng cac phin kinh tl vdi nhiing hinh thflc sd hiiu, hinh thflc kinh doanh va td chflc quan ly rat khac Lgi ich cfla hg thu dugc khdng nam ngoai quy luat cua kinh te thi tradng T trinh chuyen mdn, tay nghe cua minh.'' Mat khac, tiln luong, thu nhap kinh tl thi tradng dugc xac dinh theo nguyen tac thi tradng thdng qua thuang lugng tfl ' nguyen gitta ngudi sfl dyng Iao ddng va ngudi lao ddng, nen vifc dam phan va thda VK thuan trd nen khach quan hon Sy tac ddng nen kinh te thi tradng den lgi ich cua cdng nhan la ban chat cua nin kinh tl thi tradng, sy van ddng khach quan cfla cac yeu td thi tradng Trong cd ca mat tich cyc va tieu cyc Mat tich cyc la: Thic hai, kinh ti thi trudng dinh hudng •' XHCN kich thich lgi ich cd nhdn, phdt huy nguon lice ngudi giai cdp con^'' nhdn Kinh te thi trudng ddi hdi ngudi phai rit nang ddng, sang tao mgi hoat ddng san xuat, kinh doanh nham dap flng • nhu cau cua thi tradng Kinh te thi trudng dinh hudng XHCN thuc hifn nhieu hinh thflc phan phdi, nhung lay "phan phdi chu yeu theo ket qua Iao ddng va hifu qua kinh te "^'l Do dd, nd cd tac dung rat ldn viec kich thich Igi ich ca nhan, trade het la lgi ich kinh te Thic nhdt, nen kinh te thi trudng djnh hudng XHCN tgo nhieu viec ldm vd nguon thu nhgp cita cong nhdn Cac doanh nghifp canh tranh nham thu hflt cac ngudn lyc lao ddng tao dieu kifn cho cdng nhan cd nhieu ca hdi vifc Iam, khien hg nang ddng hon chgn vifc va dich chuyen lao ddng tren thi tradng Ngudi su dung lao ddng cd quyen thue mudn, tra cdng hip din dl thu hut Iao ddng, nhat la Iao ddng cd trinh hgc vin, chuyen mdn, tay nghl cao Ngudi cdng nhan cd quyen chgn viec Iam thay noi nao viec lam dn dinh, lau dai, cd thu nhap tuang xung vdi '*' Hoc vien Chinh tri, Bp Qu6c phong LV LUAN CHiNH TR! - 2011 Theo dudi lgi ich, dac bift la Igi ich kinh te la myc tieu, ddng lyc hanh ddng cua cac chu the hoat ddng cua minh Trong kinh te thi tradng dinh hudng XHCN, ngudi cdng nhan lao ddng tmdc het la vi Igi ich kinh te ca nhan Co che thi trudng se khdng cd chd dflng cho nhiing cdng nhan cd tu tudng chdng chd, y lai, dua dam, tinh 5i::c thu ddng lao ddng Tinh tich cue lao ddng, sang tao, sy nd lyc hgc tap nang cao trinh chuyen mdn, tay nghe cua hg chinh la sy phat trien ty than ngudn luc ngudi giai cap cdng nhan Viec theo dudi nhung lgi ich ca nhan phfl hgp vdi lgi ich tap the, xa hgi cua ngudi cdng nhan mang dau an ciia su phat trien nang lyc ca nhan, ddng thdi cung la tien de khoi day va phat huy ngudn luc ngudi giai cap cdng nhan Viet Nam Kinh tl thi tmdng dinh hudng XHCN kich thich lgi ich ca nhan ngudi cdng nhan, nhung khdng ddi lap vdi lgi ich tap the, lgi ich giai cap Trong nen kinh te dd, Nha nudc cd nhifm vu dieu tiet cac quan he lgi ich theo dinh hudng XHCN Thic ba, kinh te thi trudng dinh hudng XHCN tgo nen tdng kinh te-xa hgi viing chdc, khong ngimg ndng cao ddi song vdt chdt vd tinh thdn ciia cong nhdn Muc dich cua phat trien kinh te thi tradng dinh hudng XHCN d nudc ta la phat trien lyc lugng san xuat, tao nhieu cfla cai vat chat cho xa hgi, khdng ngiing nang cao ddi sdng vat chat va tinh than cua nhan dan Sy phat trien kinh te - xa hdi dit nudc la nin tang vat chat cfla xa hdi, nd chi phdi toan bd ddi song vat chat va tinh than cfla cac ting ldp nhan dan, dd, cdng nhan la lyc lugng Iao ddng chfl yeu cfla su nghiep xay dung dat nudc Ddi sdng vat chit va tinh thin cua hg phu thudc vao su phat triln kinh tl xa hgi dat nudc va true tiip la doanh thu cua doanh nghifp Thye tien nhieu nam qua cho thiy, kinh te thi tradng da tao nin tang kinh tl xa hdi vung chac cho dit nudc Ddi sdng vat chat va tinh than cfla cdng nhan dugc cai thien, nang Ien dang kl CJ timg khu vuc 52 kinh tl, dia ban, doanh nghifp, cung vdi vifc phat triln md rdng san xuit, doanh thu, lgi nhuan tang cao, chfl doanh nghiep da quan tam din vifc tang thu nhap, xay nha d va cac cdng trinh cdng cdng phue vy nhu cau sinh hoat van hoa tinh than cfla cdng nhan Dac biet, bdi canh hdi nhap qudc tl, cac doanh nghiep phai ludn ddi mdi cdng nghf, td chflc lai lao ddng, bd phan cdng nhan tri thflc, cd tay nghe cao dugc bao dam ngudn thu nhap tuong xflng, ddi sdng vat chat va tinh than day du, phong phfl Thu tu, kinh te thi trudng dinh hudng XHCN tgo dieu kien cho cdng nhdn tham gia vdo qud trinh phdt trien kinh te tri thicc vd hgi nhgp quoc ti Ddng hanh vdi sy phat triln kinh te thi tnrdng la phat trien kinh te tri thflc Bdi vi, kinh te thi tradng ddi hdi nang cao nang lyc canh tranh, ma van de quyet dinh cfla nd la sy sang tao cai mdi cd chit lugng cao hom, thdi gian di tdi ngudi tieu diing nhanh hom Vifc ddi mdi cdng nghe, ddi mdi san pham va san xuat cdng nghf trd nganh san xuat chfl dao, theo dd kinh te tri thflc xuat hifn la tat yiu Dang ta sdm nam bat yeu cau mdi va chi ra: "Day manh cdng nghifp hda, hifn dai hda dit nudc timg budc phat trien kinh te tri thflc"^^\ Trong nhung nam gan day cdng nghe thdng tin da phat trien len mdt budc kha quan trgng, chflng ta thuc su budc diu di vao nen kinh te tri thflc Trong nin kinh te nay, cdng nhan tri thflc se xuit hien cang ddng dao va dang la nhan td quyet dinh hudng di cfla lich sfl xa hdi Viet Nam, cung nhu hudng diu tranh cho tiln bd xa hdi Nin kinh tl nudc ta dang hoat ddng theo hudng: phat triln manh cac phan kinh te va cac san L V L U A N CHiNH TRj 2-2011 pham kinh te cd gia tri gia tang dya nhieu vao tri thflc; ket hgp sfl dung ngudn vdn tri thflc tfl ngudi Vift Nam vdi nhiing tri thflc mdi nhat cfla nhan loai, phat trien cac nganh cdng nghf cd lgi the canh tranh, tao nhieu san pham xuat khau va thu hut lao ddng Tham gia vao kinh te tri thflc, cdng nhan cd dieu kifn tiep can khoa hgc - cdng nghf cang sau Cung vdi vifc nudc ta da trd thanh vien cfla WTO, thi cdng nhan Vift Nam cang phat trien cdng nhan tri thflc, cd nhieu ca hdi tham gia vao qua trinh hdi nhap qudc te, khdng chi tren ITnh vyc kinh te ma ca ITnh vuc van hoa, xa hdi Hg se la lyc lugng chu lyc viec san xuat cfla cai vat chat va tham gia vao sy phat trien xa hdi Thuc tl da cho thiy, kinh tl thi tradng tac ddng lam cho nhilu cdng nhan chi quan tam din tien lucmg, thu nhap va dimg mgi each kl ca nhung hanh ddng bit hgp phap dl cd nhilu tiln Nhiing gia tri chinh tri - tinh than nhu y thflc chinh tri, giai cip, tinh cam dan tdc, tham tri danh du ban than, nhilu khdng dugc ngudi lao dgng quan tam mdt each thda dang Hg khdng mudn tham gia cac td chflc chinh tri-xa hdi cfla minh, hoac cd tham gia chi la hinh thflc; hg chi quan tam din lgi ich trade mit, khdng quan tam den lgi ich lau dai, lgi ich cfla giai cip cdng nhan Thic hai, kinh ti thi trudng ldm gia tang khd ndng lao dgng mdt viec ldm vd thdt nghiep Kinh tl thi tradng ludn ehfla dyng mim mdng ciia khung hoang kinh te Trong diiu kien toan cau hoa, hgi nhap kinh te qudc tl, thdi gian cua moi chu ky khiing Ben canh nhung tac ddng tich cue cua hoang dudng nhu rflt ngan lai Tinh tu phat nen kinh te thi tradng dinh hudng XHCN cua nin kinh te thi tradng thudng lam xuat den lgi ich ciia cdng nhan, ciing cd nhiing hifn nhung thdi ky suy thoai cac chu tac ddng tieu cyc the hien tren nhung van ky kinh doanh, su mat can ddi gitta cac de CO ban sau: nganh nghe dan den that nghiep theo chu Thli nhdt, kinh te thi trudng de ldm ndy ky va CO cau Dieu nay, cac chuyen gia sinh tu tudng de cao lgi ich cd nhdn, lgi ich kinh te da canh bao: "Khdng nhiing kinh te kinh te vd lgi ich trudc mdt Nen kinh te thi Viet Nam phai ddi mat vdi that nghifp va tradng nudc ta van cdn so khai, sy quan ly giai quyet cac tf nan xa hdi, ma ca vi dieu tiet cua Nha nudc chua chat che, thau the cfla ngudi lao dgng lam cdng an luomg dao Nhung mat trai cfla nd tac ddng den ciing can dugc phap luat bao ve mgt each nhan thflc va hanh ddng cfla bg phan khdng dac bift"^^\ Mat khac, kinh tl thi nhd cdng nhan va ngudi sfl dung lao ddng, tradng d nudc ta, sd ddng cdng nhan xuat gidi chfl, khien hg de cao lgi ich kinh te, than tfl ndng dan ("sau mgt dem cdng simg bai ddng tien, coi nhe hoac khdng nhan"), chua du dieu kifn thdi gian dl hgc quan tam den lgi ich chinh tri - tinh than tap, nang cao trinh dap irng nhu ciu cua Ngudi sfl dung lao ddng, gidi chu dflng mgi thi tradng Nudc ta thieu lao ddng chuyen thfl doan lach luat, vi pham phap luat Vift mdn, cd tay nghe cao, trinh ngoai ngtt Nam, sin sang cha dap len nhan pham, tdt va kinh nghiem quan ly kinh tl; danh du cfla cdng nhan, bit chap su cd mat nhung lai thfla lao ddng thfl cdng, vi hing nam cd them 1,2 den 1,3 trifu ngudi budc cfla cac td chflc chinh tri-xa hgi L t LUAN CHlNH TRI - 2011 53 vao tudi lao ddng nen tinh trang mit vifc lam, that nghiep dien kha phd biin ich eua Nha nudc, lgi ich cac chu dau tu nudc ngoai, Igi ich cac chu dau tu Vift Thic ba, khd ndng phdn hod gidu ngheo, Nam, Igi ich cfla ca nhan va tap thi ngudi phdn cicc tien luomg, thu nhgp giiia cdc bg lao ddng Trong qua trinh phan phoi lgi ich, phdn cong nhdn gia tdng Trong xu the hdi nhung mau thuin sinh la diiu khd tranli nhap cang sau rdng, cung vdi nhung khdi, nhat la mau thuin gitta lgi ich cua chinh sach phat trien kinh te, khoang each cdng nhan vdi chu doanh nghiep (thg thu nhap gitta cac bd phan cdng nhan chfl) Khi giai quyit mau thuin nay, ngudi cang gia tang Mdt bd phan cdng nhan cd cdng nhan thudng bi lep vl, sue ep viec thu nhap rat cao, ed tich luy, cd cd phieu, Iam va nhu cau bfle thiit cua cude sdng song mdt bd phan khdng nhd cdng nhan cd Ngudi cdng nhan phai chip nhan sy bat thu nhap rit thap Sy phan hoa, phan cyc binh dang ve Igi ich de cd vifc Iam cd the dien gitta cac doanh nghifp, Nhung mgi sy chap nhan deu cd gidi cac nganh, cac vung, tham chi han cfla nd, mau thuin lgi ich khdng dugc ndi bd mdt doanh nghifp Theo bao cao cfla giai quyet, xung dot keo dai dan den nhirng Bd Lao ddng Thuang binh va Xa hdi, tai cugc dinh cdng bat hgp phap cua cdng nhan Ha Ndi va Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh, binh xay vdi quy md, tinh chat, mflc quan thu nhap gitta ngudi cao nhat vdi cang phflc tap ngudi thap nhat chenh Ifch hang chuc Ian Thu ndm, he gid tri chinh tri - xd hpi cua Bg phan cdng nhan thu nhap cao thudng la cdng nhdn bi bien dgng, phu ldp Dieu cdng nhan cd trinh chuyen mdn tay nghe da, dang va se tiep tuc xay ra, nhat la cao, cdng nhan lam can bg quan ly d cac cdng nhan cac doanh nghifp ngoai doanh nghiep cd doanh thu ldn, thudc nha nudc va doanh nghifp cd vdn dau tu nhung nganh mui nhgn nhu dau khi, cdng nudc ngoai C) mdt sd doanh nghifp, gidi nghf thdng tin Nhung khdng it cdng nhan chu tranh thfl mua chudc va vd hifu hoa sdng d mflc ngheo, tham chi khdng du mdt sd ca nhan hdi ddng quan tri, to trang trai cho nhu cau tdi thieu cfla ban than chflc cdng doan Thu doan cua hg la: tao va gia dinh Cdng vifc cua hg bap benh, ca cdng nhan nhiing hang ngudi khdng cd nha d, cd lgi ich hgp phap, dugc hudng dac Igi va cd xu hudng tach chinh dang bi gidi chu xam pham nhung hang ngudi khdi sd ddng Thu tu, quan he lgi ich giiia cong nhdn cdng nhan Vdi thfl doan nhu vay, mdt sd vdi ngudi sir diing lao dpng (chu - thg) ndy cdng nhan la can bd quan ly, can bd cdng sinh nhieu vdn de phicc tgp Trong kinh te doan cd mflc luong cao "dang ngd" Luang thi tradng tat yeu tdn tai nhieu phin cfla hg tmng binh gap 15 Ian, ca bift gap 30 kinh te vdi nhieu hinh thflc sd hiiu khac den 40 Ian luong cua cdng nhan binh nhau, vay sinh nhieu vin dl thudng Vdi mflc luong nhu vay, gidi chu viec phan phdi Igi ich Tinh chat quan hf tao mdt bd phan cdng nhan gan bd Igi cang phflc tap hon cac doanh nghifp ich vdi hg va Iam phan hoa Igi ich dgi cd vdn dau tu nudc ngoai Trong doanh ngii cdng nhan khia canh khac, gidi chu (Xem tiep trang 60) nghiep nay, ca cau lgi ich rat da dang: lgi 54 L? LUAN CHiNH TR! 2-2011 yeu cau chuyen mdn nghiep vy va nghe nghifp cua timg loai lao ddng theo timg ngach, bac, chflc danh, theo yeu cau chung cfla dat nudc dieu kien hdi nhap; khuyen khieh ngudi lao ddng ty dao tao Ba la, manh dan de bat, bd nhifm can bd tre; coi trgng nhiing ngudi cd nhieu kinh nghifm, ddng thdi, tdn trgng va manh dan sfl dyng nhung ngudi dugc dao tao co ban da quan thfl thach ren luyfn thuc tl Xay dyng che dai ngd cdng bang gifta cae ngach, tao mdi tradng, co hdi, dudng thang tien bmh dang cho tat ca mgi ngudi Bon la, danh gia ngudi Iao ddng phai can cfl vao tieu chuan chflc danh, hifu qua cdng tac va mdt qua trinh Ddng thdi, md rgng dan chu, cdng khai, minh bach danh gia can bd TfiC DONO CUfl PHI^T TRICN KINH TI'THJ TRlfdNO {Tiip theo trang 54) cd xu hudng cd lap hoa lgi ich cfla doanh nghifp vdi lgi ich cfla xa hdi, lgi ich cfla giai cip cdng nhan; lay lgi ich kinh te cy the trade mit lam tac nhan kich thich, tfl dd lam cho cdng nhan xao nhang lap tradng giai cap, lu md y thflc chinh tri Su phu thudc thai qua vl kinh t l tit yiu rdi xa cac gia tri chinh tri - xa hdi, nd bi bien dang hoac phfl lap bdi quyen uy cfla gidi chfl, sflc manh cfla ddng tien Ngudi lao ddng khdng the gift dugc va cd dugc hf gia tri cfla giai cap cdng nhan Nhu vay, mdt nen kinh te dang van ddng, phat triln dan xen ca nhung yeu td tich cyc va tieu cyc thi tac ddng ciia nd din lgi ich cfla cdng nhan ciing the hifn tinh da dang va da difn Trong xu the hgi nhap qudc te cang sau rdng cfla nudc ta hifn nay, thi nhung tac dgng cfla kinh tl thi tradng den Igi ich cfla cdng nhan se sinh nhieu bieu hifn phflc phflc tap, khd ludng Nhan thflc sau sic nhung tac ddng cua nen kinh te thi tradng dinh hudng XHCN den lgi ich cfla cdng nhan la co sd cho vifc hoach dinh nhiing chfl traong, chinh sach, co chi thich hgp nham tan dung, phat huy mat tich cyc, han che toi da mat tieu cyc; tao ddng lyc vat chat va tinh than cho giai cap cdng nhan Vift Nam khdng ngflng phat trien, xflng dang la giai cap tien phong, lyc lugng di dau cfla sy (1) So lifu bai dugc lay tu nghifp ddi mdi dat nudc, thdi ky day manh cdng nghifp Bo Ngi vy: Tong hap so li?u hda, hifn dai hda va hdi nhap qude te Dd la trach nhifm cdn bo cong chiec xin thoi vi^c cfla ca hf thdng chinh tri va toan xa hdi, dd, sy giai dogn 2003-2009 quan Iy dieu tiet cua Nha nudc gift vai trd quyet dinh, (2) Do Van Quan: Cdc yeu to dnh hu&ng den su tham gia hoat ddng tich cyc cua cac td chfle ehinh tri - xa hdi cua cong vi?c chuyen mon ciia dpi cdng nhan la rat quan trgng ngii cdn bp tre, Hgc vifn Chinh trj - Hanh chinh quoc gia Ho (1),(2) DCSVN: Vdn ki?n Dgi hpi dgi biiu toan quoc ldn thie Chi Minh, 2008, tr.56 (3) Hgc vifn Hanh chinh quoc IX, NXB Chinh tri quoc gia Ha Ngi, 2001, tr.88, 89-91 gia va AusAID: Tdc dong tren (3) WOLWEN HENAFF, JEAM YVES MARTIN (Bien tap khoa du&ng chiec nghi?p cita hgc): Lao dpng, vi?c ldm vd nguon nhdn luc & Vi^t Nam 15 ndm doi m&i, NXB Thi gidi Ha Ngi, 2001, tr.7 cong chiec Ha Ngi, 2008 60 L ? LUAN CHiNH TR! 2-2011 ... cfla nudc ta hifn nay, thi nhung tac dgng cfla kinh tl thi tradng den Igi ich cfla cdng nhan se sinh nhieu bieu hifn phflc phflc tap, khd ludng Nhan thflc sau sic nhung tac ddng cua nen kinh te... cho tiln bd xa hdi Nin kinh tl nudc ta dang hoat ddng theo hudng: phat triln manh cac phan kinh te va cac san L V L U A N CHiNH TRj 2-2011 pham kinh te cd gia tri gia tang dya nhieu vao tri thflc;... hai, kinh ti thi trudng ldm gia tang khd ndng lao dgng mdt viec ldm vd thdt nghiep Kinh tl thi tradng ludn ehfla dyng mim mdng ciia khung hoang kinh te Trong diiu kien toan cau hoa, hgi nhap kinh