QUAN L i GIAO MIC m m m TAC DONG CIIA HOI NHAP QUDC n DDI VOI CDNG TAC DAO TAD liqilliUDiTiilMUOIliWiMDILimMH ThS PHAIVI TUNG LAtVl* Trong bo''''icanh toan cau hda, detang nguon thu nhap qud''''c dan, mpt s[.]
QUAN Li GIAO M I C m m m TAC DONG CIIA HOI NHAP QUDC n DDI VOI CDNG TAC DAO TAD liqilliUDiTiilMUOIliWiMDILimMH ThS T rong bo'icanh toan cau hda, detang nguon thu nhap qud'c dan, mpt sd nude ed dan so ddng va lupng lao ddng (LD) duthua eao, ngoai nhiing no luc tao them edng an viee lam nude, da lay xua't khau lao dpng (XKLO) lam chien lupc qud'c gia va Viet Nam cung khdng phai la ngoai le Trong khoang 20 nam trd lai day, viee dua ngudi LO Viet Nam lam viee d nude ngoai da dupe thay dd'i cave hinh thirc lin ndidung.Dd la suphat trien kinh te - xa hpi (KT-XH) tren pham vi toan cau dang cd su bien chuyen v i chat va khdng dong diu giira eac nudcduatren cosdcuasuphattrien manh mevi khoa hpc, kT thuat va edng nghe Su thang tram cua cae nin kinh te (KT) thegidi ludn cdanh hudng khdng nhd den "eon thuyen Viet Nam" tren "dudng bien Idn" va cdng tac XKLD - nganh edng nghiep khdng khdi tn/c tiep mang ngoai te v i eho dat nude cua chiing ta cung khdng nim ngoai cac anh hudng dd Vi vay, vai trd cua cdng tac quan li dao tao (DT) nguon nhan luc chat lupng eao cho XKLD nhim thich iing va phii hpp vdi nhimg ddi hdi thay dd'i thudng xuyen eua thi trudng LD qud'c te (QT) la vd ciing quan trpng Oac diem cua hoi nhap quoc te (HNQT) Khai niem HNQT da xua't hien tir vai thap nien gan day Hien nay, cd nhiiu each hieu khac v i khai niem nay, song quan diem tuang dd'i phd' bien la: "Hpi nhap KTQT la su gin ket nen KT eua mdi qud'c gia vao cac td'chirc hop tac KT khu vuc va toan cau, dd cac nude vien chju surang bude theo nhtrng quy dinh chung cua ca khdi Ndi mdt each khac, hdi nhap KTQT la qua trinh cac qud'c gia thuc hien md hinh KT md, tu nguyen tham gia vao cac djnh che va tai chinh QT, thuc hien thuan Ipi hda va tu hda thuong mai, dau tu va cae hoat ddng KT dd'i ngoai khac" (1) Trong bdi canh toan cau hda hien nay, hdi nhap (ki 1-2/2014) PHAIVI TUNG LAtVl* KTQT ton tai va phat trien nhu mdt xu hudng khach quan tat yeu, "gin vdi qua trinh van dpng ciia cac quy luat KT khach quan eiia phan cdng LDQT, chuyen mdn hda va tudo hda thuong mai, dau tu, tai chinh va viee hinh chudi gia tri toan cau Ddng thdi, hdi nhap KTQT cung gin vdi qua trinh xa hdi (XH) hda QT ve san xuat va thj tardng, la mdt qua trinh van ddng tOfthap den eao va cang d\irx, md rdng ca v i quy md va pham vi, ca v i luc lupng san xuat va quanhesanxuaf (1) Ban dau, XH hda gin vdi hoat dpng san xua't pham vi tiing qud'c gia vdi su chi phdl cua cae quy luat phan cdng LD va chuyen mdn hda Nhung luc lupng san xua't phat trien den mpt m uc dp nao dd thi tinh chat XH hda dupe md rdng khdi pham vi eua tiifng qud'c gia, lan eac qud'c gia khu vuc va tren toan the gidi Mdi qudc gia qua trinh phat trien diu nhan thay nhirng themanh eua rieng minh dong thdi cung tim dupe nhirng mat cdn han che Oac biet la khdng mdt qud'c gia nao, du trinh dp phat trien cao den dau, lai cd the tu dap irng duoe day du va dap ii'ng td't nhifng nhu eau cua ban than hp Do dd, hpi nhap KTQT da trd van de cd tinh chat quy luat qua trinh phat trien cua mdi qud'c gia Thuc te da chirng minh rang, nhirng qud'c gia cham t r i viee hpi nhap phai tra gia dit eho minh bing su tut hau Nhirng tac dong cua HNQT doi vdi Viet Nam va cong tac DT va quan liDT ngudi LD Viet Nam di lam viee d nude ngoai Trong vdng ba thap ki gan day, dudi lan sdng toan eau hda, eac qud'c gia lan lugt cd chinh sach md ci/a thi trudng cho cae nha dau tu nude ngoai Qua * Tnroing Dai lipc l(iiili doanh va cong nglie Ha Noi Tap chi Gido due so 327 Y nghTa, tam quan cua cdng tac DT nguon LD chat luang cao cua Viet Nam di lam viee d nude ngoai Theo Td'ng giam doc td' chuc LDQT (ILO), cupc khung hoang KT the gidi nam 2008 keo theo nhifng he luy khdn ludng cho cae qud'c gia Dong hanh vol suy thoai KT la giam dau tu va nhu eau tieu dung, keo theo su pha san eua eac DN va ti le that nghiep gia tang So lupng LD mat viee lam tren toan thegidi len tdi 20 trieu ngudi dded cae thi trudng ma LO Viet Nam dang lam viee Cae chii DN bude phai nhin nhan van de eo eau lai nhan su cho phii hpp de ton tai va tiip tuc phattrien Do dd, eac nha tuyen dung LO nude ngoai cung cd nhifng ddng thai thay dd'i phuong phap va yeu cau cao han viee tuyen chpn nhan cdng cho DN minh Day cung la thach thirc nhung cung la ca hdi cho cae DN cung u'ng LO ngoaj nude cua Viet Nam nhin nhan va danh gia dung nang luc Ben canh dd, nhiing tic dgng tieu cue co the xay thuc su eiia chinh minh de nang eao nang luc canh ra: • lao su canh tranh mang tinh QT hinh tranh Hon luc nao he't, cdng tac tuyen ehpn, OT va mdt thi trudng thd'ng nha't, gay xao trpn cac giao due djnh hudng eho ngudi LD trude di lam quan he KT da dupe hinh tung nin KT viee d nude ngoai cd y nghTa hit sijfc quan trpng: eiia mdi qud'c gia Canh tranh gay git cd the dan tdi - Dam bao uy tin, nang cao vj the eua LO Viet pha san cae doanh nghiep (DN) hoat ddng khdng Nam tren thj trudng cung iing LDQT, ddng thdi giam hieu qua, gay that nghiep, te nan XH ; - Gay d thieu eac rui ro phat sinh cho eac DN XKLD va ban nhiim mdi trudng, can kiet tai nguyen khai thae than ngudi LO qua mire eho muc tieu tang trudng KT ndng; - Nhifng - Tang tinh chuyen nghiep cua cae DN lam cong anh hudng xau v i van hda, an ninh, qud'c phdng tac XKLO: phai dau tu co sd vat chat (trudng Idp, ki Ill sau ed chinh sach md cifa, Viet Nam da tuc xa, khu the thao, nha xudng, trang thiet bj ) phii nhanh chdng di nhirng bude di viing chic tren hap eho cac nganh nghi theo yeu cau; cd dpi ngO dudng HNQT Cac td'ehuc KT the gidi, cac djnh che tai can bd quan li, giang day chuyen nghiep, hieu biet chinh QT danhanh chdng kit nap hoac khdi phue lai vj va cd trach nhiem; xay dung he thd'ng chuong trinh tri cua Viet Nam CO cau eua minh nhu: Quytiinte DT da dang de ngudi hpc lam quen vdi cdng viee, QT (MF), tvjgan hang the gidi (WB), Ngan hang phat vdi mdi trudng se den lam viee; phai cd nhifng bien trien Chau A (ADB), Hiep hdi eac quoc gia Ddng Nam phap, phuang phap OT thiet thuc cho mot A (ASEAN), Td'chu'e thuong mai the gidi (WTO) thdi gian ngin nhat, ngudi LO ITnh hdi dupe nhiiu kT HNQT mdi bit dau nhung da mang lai cho nang va thdng tin nhat de dat duac ket qua cao nhat Viet Nam nhirng ket qua dang khich le: - Tao dieu saukhdaOT kien cho Viet Nam nang cao vi the ehinh trj, ngoai - Rat thiet thuc va vd ciing quan trpng, dd la dd'i vdi giao va KT tren trudng QT, tranh duac tinh trang ngudi LD true tiep, can phai ed nhifng hieu biit nhat phan biet dd'i xu, tao co sd d'n dinh va thuan Ipi cho dinh v i luat phap, tin ngudng, quan he, each dd'i nhan cac hoat ddng KT dd'i ngoai; - Gdp phan md rdng thi xirthe tranh dupe nhifng ric rdi chi vi thieu hieu biet; trudng xuat nhap khau ndi chung va XKLO ndi rieng; ren luyen tac phong cdng nghiep, diiu ratyeu va thieu Thu hut dau tu va vien trp nude ngoai; - Giiip tiep cua hau hit nhifng LO di tii cac viing ndng thdn, thu khoa hpc kT thuat va eong nghe quan li tien tien, viing sau, viing xa; xac djnh rdy thu'c lam viee va d'n gdp phan OT dpi ngu can bd quan li va cdng nhan kT dinh tu tudng di lam viee dnudc ngoai, xa gia dinh thuat lanh nghi va mdi trudng sd'ng quen thude mdt thdi gian trinh hdi nhap KTQT da cd nhung tac ddng rat sau sic den ddi sd'ng KT-XH cua mdi nude Nhdng tic dgng tich cue:- Giup khai thae ed hieu qua Ipi the so sanh cua eac qud'c gia, hinh co cau KT khu vuc va the gidi phii hpp, tao diiu kien thuan Ipi va tang cudng phat trien cacquan hethuong mai, dau tu va md rpng thj trudng xuat nhap khau; - Tao su d'n djnh lau dai quan he giira cac qud'c gia nhim hudng tdi muc tieu chung; - Hinh eo cau QT mdi vdi nhirng uu the v i quy md va nguon luc phat trien, tao cdng an viee lam, cai thien thu nhap cho dan cuvatang phue Ipi cho eacpng ddng; -Tao dpng luc canh tranh, kich thich viee irng dung tuu khoa hpc cdng nghe mdi deae qud'c gia, tao dpng luc dd'i mdi co cau KT, ca che quan li va tiet kiem ehi phi ; - Diiu ehinh chinh sach cua tung qud'c gia de tuong thich va phii hpp hon vdi ehinh sach phat trien cua nhdm nudc/khu vuc/the gidi Tap chi Gido due so 327 (ki 1-2/2014) dai; eddupe nhifng kTnang, kTxao co ban de nhanh V i phia cae DN, viee quan liOT phai dupe dat len chdng nim bit dupe cdng viee va dat dupe nang suit hang dau dap ifng yeu eau cua hdi nhap va muc tieu OT: tang cudng dau tu, quan li va sudung cd hieu qua LD eao, tang thu nhap Nhirng yeu cau doi vol cong tac quan liDT cae nguon luc danh eho cdng tac OT (nhan, vat, tin, tai); thudng xuyen nim bit, cap nhatvaxuli cac thdng LD boi canh toan cau hda Ben canh nhifng ea hpi va tuu dat dupe cua tin v i yeu cau tuyen dung, nhifng chinh sach thay dd'i nen KT nude nha ndi chung va edng tac XKLO ndi va thdng tin phan hdi tir ngudi su dung LO de cd the rieng, tac ddng cua HNQT cung dat nhiiu vain d i chl dao va diiu ehinh linh hoat eac hoat ddng quan li ma cac DN ed chiifc nang DT va XKLD can phai giai tOf khau tuyen chpn den xay dung kehoach, ndi dung quyet dethuc day hoat ddng kinh doanh va phat trien chuong trinh Phuang phap OT can chuyen bien can ban v i tinh chat, hudng vao viee hudng dan eon benvifng: - Yeu cau nang cao chat luang B T toan dien phu ngudi biet sd'ng, biet hanh ddng thuc tiin va suy nghT hgp vdi nhu cau tuyen dung tii cic nude phit then dpe lap, biit phe phan, ed trach nhiem, biet thich ifng Thach thiifc v i nang luc canh tranh va kha nang dap va sang tao tu va hanh dpng *** iing trude nhifng nhu eau thay dd'i lien tuc cua eac nha Tang cudng nang luc canh tranh de phattrien la tuyen dung, ehu surdung LD nude ngoai bude cac DN XKLD khdng nhifng phai dam bao du sd lupng, dung xu the tat yeu ciia cac qud'c gia bd'i canh HNQT v i ca eau nganh nghi ma dong thdi phai cd nhifng Cdng tac XKLO da chifng td dupe vai trd rat quan bien phap dong bd nhim nang eao chat lupng DT trpng chien lupc phat trien qud'c gia eua Viet eiia minh, phai dam bao eac san pham dau ra-ngudi Nam.Tuy nhien, tinh canh tranh tren thj trudng LDQT LO da qua DT cd sife khoe tdt, ed trinh dp hieu biit eang eang trd nen gay git Ddng thdi thuc te eho eac van 6e XH va tay nghi cao, cd sii'C sang tao, tu thay, nguon LD du thira khdng ddng nghTa vdi viee cd chu, y thu'c ki luat tot, giao tiep va ngoai ngif tot, cd nguon cung de xua't khau Vi vay, cac DN can phai ap dung nhiiu bien phap ddng bd quan li nang luc thich iing vdi suthay dd'i ciia mdi tardng Yeu cau nang cao ning luc quan HOT cua nha OT de ed dupe hieu qua cao nhat theo yeu eau cua nr/cfc I'a DA/ Trong quatrinh hdi nhap, Viet Nam phai ngudi sifdungLO ngoai nude • tuan thG nhifng dieu luat, quy dinh va thdng le QT, dd vai trd eua quan li nha nude la vd ciing quan trpng (1) Vien Khoa hoc giao due 'Viet Nam HOi thao khoa hoc "Ddi mod quan li nha nuac \& he thO'ng giao due Chinh phii, cac bd nganh lien quan din cdng tac quO'e dan hoi nhap qude tS va xu th^ toan ciu hoa" XKLD can phai thudng xuyen theo ddidedjnh hudng De tki B2010-37-86CT, ki yiu sO' 1, thang 8/2011 OT,diiu chinh, dd'i mdi v i luat, cochechinh sach cho Tai lieu tham khao phii hop hon vdi QT va tao dieu kien thuan Ipi cho cac Hiep hei xuit khSu lao dOng Viet Nam (VAMAS) DN tiep can va khai thae thj trudng, bao ve quyin Ipi Nhang quy dinh ca bdn ciia phdp ludt ViSt Nam vi eua DN cung nhu NLD Oe'lam dupe diiu dd, chung xudtkhdu lao dong Tai lieu luu hanh nOi b6, H 2010 ta can thuc hien nhifng dd'i mdi can ban va toan dien NguySn Thi Hoang Lan "Tac dOng tich cue eiia vicache,chinh sach giaodue,dd'imdichuong trinh, khiing hoang kinh te the' giai de'n xuat khau lao dOng ciia Viet Nam" Tap chi Lao ddng vd Xd hdi s5' 388 npi dung, hinh thifc va phuang phap giao due, phat ki 1, thang 8/2010 trien dpi ngu quan li va giao vien dap irng kjp thdi cho UNDP Human development report, 2011 yeu cau dd'i mdi, giiip cho ngudi hpc cd quan niem dung dan v i muc dich, muc tieu hpc tap, va diiu SUMMARY quan trpng nhat lanhifng dd'i mdinay phai theo hudng The article's contents mentioned to the Impact of dan dan thich ilfng vdi chuan QT Ben canh dd, nha International Integration on Vietnam In general and nude va cae DN can day manh nghien cifu vadubao manpower training for export In particular, it also cae nhu cau cua thj tardng QT v i nguon nhan luc, evaluated the meanings, importance and gave the cac quy dinh va tieu chuan kiem djnh, kiem tra, danh detailed demands In renovating management of training Vietnamese workers before going to work oversea gia chat lupng, tren ca sddd dua cac chinh sach In order to meet the need of high quality human reOT kip thdi, phu hop source from foreign employers (ki 1-2/2014) Tap chi Gido due so 327 ... khSu lao dOng Viet Nam (VAMAS) DN tiep can va khai thae thj trudng, bao ve quyin Ipi Nhang quy dinh ca bdn ciia phdp ludt ViSt Nam vi eua DN cung nhu NLD Oe''lam dupe diiu dd, chung xudtkhdu lao. .. sach giaodue,dd''imdichuong trinh, khiing hoang kinh te the'' giai de''n xuat khau lao dOng ciia Viet Nam" Tap chi Lao ddng vd Xd hdi s5'' 388 npi dung, hinh thifc va phuang phap giao due, phat ki... cho nang va thdng tin nhat de dat duac ket qua cao nhat Viet Nam nhirng ket qua dang khich le: - Tao dieu saukhdaOT kien cho Viet Nam nang cao vi the ehinh trj, ngoai - Rat thiet thuc va vd ciing